[HN Gopher] Artificial consciousness: a perspective from the fre...
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       Artificial consciousness: a perspective from the free energy
       principle
        
       Author : sabrina_ramonov
       Score  : 35 points
       Date   : 2024-07-21 15:59 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (link.springer.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (link.springer.com)
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | Philosophy mumbo-jumbo. Consciousness is not a scientifically
       | meaningful term if it is not defined in a falsifiable way.
        
         | robxorb wrote:
         | Is it possible to do that and also retain a meaningfulness?
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | That is an open question.
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | Falsifiability is likely not what strictly necessary or
         | sufficient delineates science from pseudoscience. It's good for
         | some sciences but not others.
        
           | janalsncm wrote:
           | Falsifiability is a requirement for any scientific
           | hypothesis. I don't know about pseudoscience but a non-
           | falsifiable hypothesis is not science.
        
             | robwwilliams wrote:
             | And what has NOT been falsified, do you then consider that
             | solid science, or just not yet falsified?
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | If it is falsifiable but not falsified, that's considered
               | a credit to the hypothesis. The strongest of our
               | scientific theories have been tested thousands of times
               | but not falsified.
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | Debatable:
             | 
             | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/#Fals
             | 
             | Popper even thought evolution by natural selection was not
             | falsifiable.
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | Strictly, I think your first sentence is correct:
           | pseudoscience sometimes does make falsifiable claims.
           | Homeopathy advocates believe that their preparations actually
           | help heal.
           | 
           | But for your second sentence, do you have in mind a
           | hypothesis which you think is not testable but is still part
           | of scientific inquiry?
        
             | blackbear_ wrote:
             | > do you have in mind a hypothesis which you think is not
             | testable but is still part of scientific inquiry?
             | 
             | Atomism was certainly not testable when it was first
             | proposed by the ancient Greeks, and yet here we are. What
             | is unscientific today could be scientific tomorrow (or in a
             | thousand years). I would argue that figuring out how to
             | (dis)prove something is also part of scientific inquiry.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | Is it wrong to mention the word "consciousness" until it is
         | defined in a falsifiable way? What would it take to define it
         | in a falsifiable way anyway? It is not a proposition.
        
         | blueprint wrote:
         | What if the nature of consciousness is you can't falsify any
         | proper definition of it? Would you reject its possible
         | correctness? Sounds like a blind spot - perhaps the only one
         | you have left?
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | > Philosophical mumbo-jumbo.
         | 
         | Would you expand on that? Having done a small amount of
         | learning adjacent to this work, I'd like to find out more.
         | 
         | I was introduced to Friston's work through "The Hidden Spring"
         | by Mark Solms [0]. It seems well grounded in theory that there
         | exist certain materials that maintain a specific range of
         | entropy (S). Within some of those materials (i.e. biological),
         | there are meta materials that enhance entropy maintenance by
         | forming communication/processing networks. These networks are
         | bounded in certain ways, say within the behaviors exhibited by
         | a single cell organism, to much more broadly between neurons of
         | an animal that has them. People then get hung up on what is
         | meant by Bayesian and "Markov blankets." [1]
         | 
         | Stipulating thoughts arise from biological underpinnings rather
         | than something supernatural doesn't strike me as "mumbo jumbo."
         | Applying math based on a well defined (but may well be
         | incorrect) physics theory to define the meta material from
         | which thoughts arise seems to be a quantization that may lead
         | to stronger links between biology and psychology. To the degree
         | that consciousness is primarily a psychologically defined
         | phenomena, this is work that could reduce much mumbo jumbo.
         | 
         | 0. https://www.amazon.com/Hidden-Spring-Journey-Source-
         | Consciou...
         | 
         | 1. https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/03/04/god-help-us-lets-
         | try-t...
        
       | robwwilliams wrote:
       | Wiese provides a good but indirect definition of what he
       | operationally means by "consciousness" in the footnote on the
       | first page.
       | 
       | And his interest is with evaluating if there are or can be
       | rigorous criteria for stating a computation system--embodied or
       | not--is capable of "consciousness" (I'm adding the scare quotes).
       | 
       | It is only philosophy mumbo-jumbo if almost all philosophy
       | (including Dennett, Churchland and many others) strikes you as
       | mumbo-jumbo.
       | 
       | I find this a worthwhile contribution worthy of an attaboy, not
       | knee-jerk derision.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | I agree that it should not be dismissed as mumbo-jumbo, but I
         | am not (at least at first sight) particularly impressed by it.
         | It is an example of the long tradition of trying to identify an
         | unbridgeable ontological divide between things that are
         | conscious and things that compute digitally (or more
         | specifically here, von Neumann computers.) As I regard
         | ontologies as being little more than ways of relating what we
         | think we know, I feel this is putting the ontic cart before the
         | epistemic horse.
         | 
         | About half-way through, the author raises a terrible argument
         | from Searle: a simulated rainstorm does not make you wet (to
         | which I reply, a simulated Enigma machine really does encode
         | and decode messages - which analogy is relevant here?) To his
         | credit, he does not leave it at that: he follows up with
         | (quoting Chalmers) _" Hofstadter's insight is that whether or
         | not we recognize a simulated hurricane as a hurricane depends
         | on our perspective. In particular, it depends on whether we're
         | experiencing the simulated hurricane from inside or outside the
         | simulation."_
         | 
         | He goes back-and-forth with this for another paragraph, until
         | _One could object that this criterion is too strong... That is,
         | we should ask: can we upload the virtual agent to a robot in
         | our level of reality? Of course, I do not have a knock-down
         | argument against this reply. I can only say that the conscious
         | beings we currently know are different, and that this
         | difference might matter._
         | 
         | So here we end up with a very weak "well, maybe" - i.e. we
         | don't know enough to be sure, which is where all arguments of
         | this type that I have looked at so far (and are not simply
         | begging the question) end up.
        
           | dlkf wrote:
           | It's interesting to consider whether a simulated rainstorm is
           | in fact possible. Not a crude numerical simulation like those
           | used for forecasting, but one fine-grained enough to
           | accurately predict the trajectory of every drop.
        
       | poikroequ wrote:
       | > computational functionalism, according to which performing the
       | right computations is sufficient (and necessary) for
       | consciousness.
       | 
       | This is akin to magic, and utter nonsense.
       | 
       | Think about how a computer works and all of its individual
       | components. The CPU has registers and a little bit of L1 L2 L3
       | cache. There is some stuff in RAM, highly fragmented because of
       | virtual memory. Maybe some memory is swapped to disk. Maybe some
       | of this memory is encrypted. You may have one or more GPUs with
       | their own computations and memory.
       | 
       | Am I supposed to believe that this all somehow comes together and
       | forms a meaningful conscious experience? That would be the
       | greatest miracle the world has ever seen.
       | 
       | Let's be real. The brain has evolved to produce *meaningful*
       | conscious experience. There's so many ways it can go wrong, need
       | I say more than psychedelics? There's tons of evidence to support
       | the theory that the brain evolved and is purpose built for
       | consciousness and sentience, albeit we don't know how the brain
       | actually does it. To assume that computers miraculously have the
       | same ability is one of the dumbest pseudodcientific theories of
       | our time.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | That's not what the abstract says. It says: _IF_ computational
         | functionalism is true, _THEN_ could a conscious ANN exist?
         | 
         | > There's tons of evidence
         | 
         | There's also tons of evidence and lack of counter-evidence that
         | the brain is simply physical and performs computable functions.
        
           | ainoobler wrote:
           | What computable functions is it performing? Can you show me
           | the code for these computable functions?
        
           | poikroequ wrote:
           | Admittedly taken out of context, but that doesn't make what I
           | said any less true.
        
         | haswell wrote:
         | This only makes sense to me in the context of the "all matter
         | is conscious" theory, in which there's something that it's like
         | to be say, an electron, just not very much.
         | 
         | As the theory goes, the more complexity there is in a system,
         | the more the possibility space of potential experience grows.
         | 
         | It's an interesting theory that some serious people take
         | seriously, but like all current theories of consciousness,
         | we're not in a position to test it.
         | 
         | I find it far more plausible than computational functionalism
         | at least.
        
         | MaxBarraclough wrote:
         | > Am I supposed to believe that this all somehow comes together
         | and forms a meaningful conscious experience? That would be the
         | greatest miracle the world has ever seen.
         | 
         | We already know consciousness can arise from neuronal activity.
         | Do you think no other substrate could give rise to
         | consciousness?
         | 
         | > The brain has evolved to produce _meaningful_ conscious
         | experience.
         | 
         | That strikes me as quite a leap. Another take on this might be
         | that evolution has selected for intelligence, and that
         | consciousness came along for the ride. It doesn't seem
         | plausible that consciousness, let alone meaning (whatever that
         | means here), could be selected for directly.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | > We already know consciousness can arise from neuronal
           | activity. Do you think no other substrate could give rise to
           | consciousness?
           | 
           | Conjecture of another is reported by "Light Eaters" [0] which
           | I've just started. Of course, materially sufficient is less
           | than a slam dunk given plausible theory that many mental
           | states are learned not innate [1] and consciousness is
           | relatively recent development in humans [2].
           | 
           | 0. https://www.amazon.com/Light-Eaters-Unseen-Intelligence-
           | Unde...
           | 
           | 1. https://www.amazon.com/How-Emotions-Are-Made-
           | Secret/dp/15098...
           | 
           | 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Origin_of_Consciousness_
           | in...
        
           | poikroequ wrote:
           | Meaningful. Sensible. Coherent. Our conscious experience is
           | NOT random nonsense.
           | 
           | An analogy, tune an old analog TV to a station and you get a
           | meaningful picture with meaningful sound. Tune it to a
           | station that doesn't exist, and you get random static and
           | white noise, not meaningful.
           | 
           | If computers are producing conscious experience, it's going
           | to be the latter, random and incomprehensible. The underlying
           | computation does NOT matter in this case, because computers
           | are simply incapable of producing meaningful conscious
           | experience.
           | 
           | Maybe consciousness is an inevitable consequence of neural
           | activity, but the complex coherent consciousness we
           | experience today is most certainly a product of natural
           | selection. That much is no accident.
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | Consciousness is a tricky concept, hard to pin down even after
       | centuries of debate. It's not very useful for understanding how
       | minds work.
       | 
       | Search might be a better idea to focus on. It's about looking
       | through possibilities, which we can study scientifically. Search
       | is more about the process, while consciousness is vague. Search
       | has a clear goal and space to look in, but we can't even agree on
       | what consciousness is for.
       | 
       | Search happens everywhere, at all scales. It's behind protein
       | folding, evolution, human thinking, cultural change, and AI.
       | Search has some key features: it is compositional, it's discrete,
       | recursive, it's social, and it uses language. Search needs to
       | copy information, but also change it to explore new directions.
       | Yes, I count DNA as a language, code and math too. Optimizing
       | models is also search.
       | 
       | We can stick with the flawed idea of consciousness, or we can try
       | something new. Search is more specific than consciousness in some
       | ways, but also more general because it applies to so many things.
       | It doesn't have the same problems as consciousness (like being
       | subjective), and we can study it more easily.
       | 
       | If we think about it, search explains how we got here. It helps
       | cross the explanatory gap.
        
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