[HN Gopher] 10% of Cubans left Cuba between 2022 and 2023
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       10% of Cubans left Cuba between 2022 and 2023
        
       Author : apsec112
       Score  : 152 points
       Date   : 2024-07-20 13:43 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.miamiherald.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.miamiherald.com)
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | Looks like the main reason is - Cuba's two main benefactors
       | stopped supplying fuel on the cheap, as they have their hands
       | full with their own crises.
        
         | anovikov wrote:
         | I see it as complete opposite. They did it because they could:
         | for a long while, U.S. admitted virtually everyone as a refugee
         | without even an attempt to cook up a plausible story. That
         | happened only in 2022-2024.
         | 
         | It's a no brainer to see no one ever wanted to live in Cuba.
         | Trick is having a place to go. Until the politically
         | opportunistic immigration loophole was closed this year, they
         | had.
        
           | paleotrope wrote:
           | Cuba would be quite a desirable place to live if it wasn't a
           | socialist authoritarian state
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | As the old joke from behind the Iron Curtain said...
             | 
             | Q: "What would happen in Saudi Arabia if Communism
             | triumphed there?"
             | 
             | A: "First, shortage of oil, later, shortage of sand."
             | 
             | Edit: for all the downvoters, shortages were our daily
             | lived experience when I was a kid. I still remember chasing
             | such rare stuff as "kid's sneakers" or "toilet paper".
             | 
             | And Czechoslovakia was still better off than neighbouring
             | Poland, where you could walk into a shop and find literally
             | nothing in the shelves.
             | 
             | The black market was the only thing that reliably worked.
        
               | logicchains wrote:
               | It's funny because Saudi Arabia's neighbour Yemen is the
               | only gulf state that had a (Soviet-sponsored) socialist
               | government, and maybe not entirely coincidentally is an
               | order of magnitude poorer than the other gulf states, and
               | has done a terrible job of tapping its oil resources.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Now that you mention it, this really looks like more than
               | just a coincidence.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Wasn't that deliberate oppression though? Not that I'm
               | pro-communism as an ideal or anything (I favour free-
               | market conservatism) I'm just not sure it can be blamed
               | for ineptitude/mismanagement there as the joke implies?
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | It was mostly incompetence mixed with a lot of corruption
               | and petty theft.
               | 
               | Publicly owned businesses had no incentives to compete on
               | quality, had to fulfill centralized plans designed by
               | distant bureaucrats that weren't completely attached to
               | reality. Western products were mostly unavailable or
               | extremely costly, so no substitution possible. Lots of
               | ossified monopolies. Factory leaders were often chosen on
               | the base of being someone's nephew or protege rather than
               | expert.
               | 
               | If you applied for a phone line (plain old copper wire),
               | you could wait up to 10 years before you actually got it,
               | as there was a waiting list of 300 000 applicants in a
               | country of 15 million ... ugh. The mess.
               | 
               | It is hard to describe the omnipresent dysfunction of
               | everyday life back then. Communism was a theoretical
               | system dreamed out by intellectuals who never engaged in
               | any commerce. All the violent oppression aside, economic
               | side of Communism was just crazily inefficient.
        
           | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
           | Conditions have deteriorated drastically in recent years,
           | food production down 70% from a few years ago.
        
           | Quarrel wrote:
           | > Trick is having a place to go. Until the politically
           | opportunistic immigration loophole was closed this year, they
           | had.
           | 
           | What loophole changed?
           | 
           | The Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966 still applies. They get
           | automatic Green Cards. Not sure it is fair to call
           | legislation implicitly giving them work permits and a path to
           | residency a loophole.
        
       | amunozo wrote:
       | This is almost Ukraine's levels.
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | > _Marrero insisted that the Cuban government would not deviate
       | from a centrally planned economy where "socialist state
       | enterprises" are predominant._
       | 
       | Same as it ever was...
        
       | giancarlostoro wrote:
       | I wonder what a sensible way forward for Cubans is, and their
       | government. What would it take for the US to lift sanctions (I
       | assume a radical shift within Cuba's government), and for Cuba
       | itself (as a whole) to restructure their government in a way that
       | would benefit them and everyone.
       | 
       | Cuba would be a great travel destination.
       | 
       | Their cigars aren't as on par anymore as far as I know, but
       | there's potential there, Nicaragua and Dominican Republic
       | basically make the best ones last I checked.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Why does the US still have sanctions on them anyway? The
         | missile crisis was 50 years ago. It's time to forgive.
        
           | stackskipton wrote:
           | Politics. Florida used to be swing state in Presidential
           | Elections. The Cuban community in Florida loses their shit if
           | President talks about lifting the sanctions and will vote
           | other way. If all Cubans had settled in California or
           | Wyoming, we likely would have lifted sanctions a long time
           | ago since they wouldn't have as much political power. It's
           | why we lifted sanctions on Vietnam so long ago. Vietnamese
           | who fled mostly immigrated to California and can't impact
           | California voting Democrat.
        
             | rqtwteye wrote:
             | It almost seems the Cuban exiles want the people they left
             | behind in Cuba to suffer as much as possible. What else
             | have the sanctions achieved?
        
               | stackskipton wrote:
               | There seems to be a belief that if sanctions remain THIS
               | YEAR, regime change will come to Cuba. It didn't work.
               | Well, NEXT YEAR they will, they have to! Repeat for 50
               | years.
               | 
               | Most people fleeing Cuba blame current regime for their
               | suffering with good reason. So they have a desire to see
               | it overthrown.
        
               | labrador wrote:
               | I'm surprised at this take. It seems readily apparent
               | that Cuban exiles want their countrymen and women to be
               | free from state communist control and have the ability to
               | speak their mind, practice economic freedom and their
               | religion, which is I understand is very Catholic from
               | Spanish influences. I don't know how you can say Cuban
               | exiles want the people they left behind to suffer.
        
               | more_corn wrote:
               | People who left want to put pressure on the government
               | that they hate and they don't mind sanctioning the people
               | to do it.
        
           | vundercind wrote:
           | A bunch of Floridians who are, or are descended from, folks
           | who had their land and businesses seized during the
           | revolution are holding grudges and won't let go of them until
           | they're given their stuff back or a ton of money, which, this
           | far on, isn't happening.
           | 
           | Florida is important in Presidential elections.
           | 
           | US elections are structured such that dumb stuff like a
           | relatively small--but loud--and also hopeless interest in a
           | single US state can influence policy and make a whole bunch
           | more lives worse for no good reason.
           | 
           | AFAIK that's basically the story.
        
             | zdragnar wrote:
             | I think that's really underselling the political
             | persecution that many have suffered in Cuba. It's far and
             | away from just wanting reparations for land grabs.
             | 
             | We have sanctions on Cuba for the same reason we have
             | sanctions on Russia and Venezuela now- we don't want to
             | fund what their government is doing, and allying with them
             | gives us little to nothing in return.
             | 
             | That said, it's pretty obvious that economic sanctions
             | aren't bringing about regime change. I don't think anyone
             | has the stomach for putting boots on the ground, though.
        
               | joshlemer wrote:
               | It may not in the short or medium term cause regime
               | change, but sufficiently large sanctions on a country do
               | stop it from growing in influence, wealth and power.
               | Eventually, after some number of generations, Cuba could
               | be so poor in comparison to the rising tide of the rest
               | of the world, that it's not even able to defend itself or
               | maintain government control. At some point, the disparity
               | in power becomes overwhelming and you have super high
               | tech society surrounding stone age cave men.
        
               | dullcrisp wrote:
               | Can that really happen? Won't one of the visiting
               | tourists bring news of the wheel or what have you
               | eventually?
               | 
               | Seems more likely sanctions would cause a steady state
               | where the sanctioned country is some n months/years
               | behind where it would otherwise be, speaking as a
               | complete geopolitical layman anyway.
        
               | mrbombastic wrote:
               | Not OP but the problem is not awareness of modern
               | solutions that prevents sanctioned societies from
               | modernizing, the isolation from trade prevents local
               | industry from growing which keeps society living at
               | subsistence levels and when everyone is poor you don't
               | have a class of people with spare time or the resources
               | necessary to build up local industry that brings about
               | capital that brings about infrastructure modernization
               | etc.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | The problem is that not enough nations are participating
               | in the sanctions. Multiple generations should have been
               | plenty of time, especially given the harms done to the
               | population in the interim.
        
               | tuxoko wrote:
               | > That said, it's pretty obvious that economic sanctions
               | aren't bringing about regime change.
               | 
               | On the flip side, you have China, where US pretty much
               | helped build up their economy and hoped for a peaceful
               | and democratic outcome. How well did that go?
        
               | ImJamal wrote:
               | The USSR and China and prime examples of sanctioning vs
               | opening up. One is still around and persucting its people
               | and the other is on the dust bin of history. The problem
               | with the Cuba sanctions is that a large chunk of
               | countries aren't sanctioning Cuba. If everybody got
               | behind the sanctions regime change would happen. Half
               | assing it won't cut it.
        
             | brigadier132 wrote:
             | Do you own anything of value? What about your family?
             | 
             | Now let's try practicing some empathy: How would you feel
             | if I just took that from you?
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | Oh, I get it. It's just not gonna get them anything. That
               | ship sailed decades ago. On a policy level, all this is
               | doing is causing harm.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | Ah. So uk should sanction the whole USA, on account of
               | that revolution that costed some people something?
        
               | brigadier132 wrote:
               | They did and it took a war and a long time for relations
               | to be reestablished
        
               | rgbrenner wrote:
               | Not true. After the Treaty of Paris (1783) was signed,
               | trade between the US and UK resumed almost immediately;
               | and diplomatic relations were reestablished in 1785.
               | Shortly after the war (1793), when France and Britain
               | went to war, rather than back up the French, the US
               | signed the Jay Treaty to maintain trade and positive
               | relations with the UK... angering France who helped us
               | gain independence.
               | 
               | Other than the revolutionary war from 1776 to 1785, the
               | other break we had was from 1812-1815 during the War of
               | 1812.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Unit
               | ed_...
        
               | brigadier132 wrote:
               | Ah ok so other than the war and the tarrifs and the
               | piracy and the blockade it isnt true
        
               | valicord wrote:
               | In this scenario, should everyone born in the same city
               | as you be punished for your crimes?
        
               | beaglesss wrote:
               | This is foundational to American legal system in many
               | cases. If your local cops for instance unjustly beat say
               | Cubans and get sued for it the inhabitants will pay and
               | possibly even their children through debt.
        
               | dantondwa wrote:
               | Sorry, but I don't think families who escaped in those
               | times were exactly just innocent property owners.
        
               | tpm wrote:
               | Sorry, but that does not matter. If they did anything
               | illegal, they should be prosecuted by and in the country
               | it happened, but you are presuming collective guilt here.
               | That is always, universally, the wrong thing to do.
        
               | coooolbear wrote:
               | We are talking about the descendants of the wealthy or
               | dissident people who were escaping the Cuban revolution,
               | where Cuba at the time was largely owned by foreign sugar
               | plantations which was perpetuated by the the brutal
               | military dictatorship of Batista, which was supported by
               | the US government as well as organized crime (and where
               | one ends and the other begins is sometimes unclear...)
               | 
               | It's a tale as old as time!
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | Depends; were I or my family aligned or complicit with a
               | military dictatorship?
        
             | wordsinaline wrote:
             | I would still hold a grudge. I hold historical grudges
             | going back centuries.
        
               | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
               | Right. I still want back Constantinople.
        
               | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
               | Native Americans called, they want their land back.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Florida was relevant in US elections. When was the last
             | time it was up for grabs?
             | 
             | It is actually interesting, a state converting to single-
             | party rule significantly reduces the electoral leverage it
             | has.
        
               | Quarrel wrote:
               | > When was the last time it was up for grabs?
               | 
               | Obama won it in 2012.
               | 
               | That isn't that long ago in electoral cycles.
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | Obama did start warming relations, probably due to that
               | shift. Trump reversed it. I expect it'll continue to, at
               | best, see-saw until Republicans are comfortable enough
               | with their advantage in Florida to ignore the Cuban vote.
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | > A bunch of Floridians who are, or are descended from,
             | folks who had their land and businesses seized during the
             | revolution are holding grudges
             | 
             | They should've learned from the French making sure there's
             | nobody left to hold a grudge.
        
               | ImJamal wrote:
               | Killing people who did nothing wrong always puts you on
               | the right side.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | Fun fact, I'm a grandchildren of poles who lived in what
             | was polish land but given to Ukraine after WW2 when Stalin
             | moved Ukraine westwards (and compensated Poland with former
             | German land).
             | 
             | I received a compensation 60 years after WW2, but it was
             | few thousand euros (many generations have passed). And by
             | the way it was the polish, not Ukrainian government that
             | compensated us.
        
             | jorvi wrote:
             | > US elections are structured such that dumb stuff like a
             | relatively small--but loud--and also hopeless interest
             | 
             | I can tell you, not just the US.
             | 
             | See: farmers having an absolute chokehold on the EU despite
             | virtually everyone hating them, and them only being a tiny
             | percentage of population, votes or GDP.
        
           | idontwantthis wrote:
           | Obama began easing them and opened up travel and then Trump
           | put them all back to win Florida.
           | 
           | Democrats took an L for freedom, prosperity and common sense
           | and Republicans capitalized to win back the presidency.
        
           | joshlemer wrote:
           | 62 years ago.
        
           | ks2048 wrote:
           | The message is: if you refuse to be our puppet state and play
           | by our rules, we will destroy you for as long as it takes.
           | 
           | Anyone who believes the US acts to punish evil authoritarians
           | in defense of freedom and democracy is delusional. Look at
           | our allies in the middle east.
        
           | riffic wrote:
           | more than 60 years ago actually.
        
           | dimitrios1 wrote:
           | https://thehill.com/opinion/4723678-cuba-russian-
           | relations-c...
        
           | sremani wrote:
           | A hostile regime 90 miles from US mainland will be treated
           | differently. Cuba is not some vanilla leftist regime that has
           | no love for America. Cuban intelligence and elite for the
           | past 50 years have been active subverting US interests. A
           | unilateral withdrawal of sanctions would mean rewarding bad
           | behavior. Do not let the small size of Cuba underestimate
           | them, they are behind all major anti-American activity in
           | Latin America. They were are major force supporting Maduro in
           | Venezuela.
           | 
           | Why does not the Communist regime in Cuba "open up"? Because
           | they know the day Cuba becomes a multiparty state with
           | elections -- they have to run out of the country. Both Cuban
           | and Venezuelan elite along with many Caribbean states are
           | active in Drug Dealings and Money Laundering.
           | 
           | Yes, the hawks in US have a role but they are not only active
           | players, there are hawks in Cuba too.
        
             | rubytubido wrote:
             | > A unilateral withdrawal of sanctions would mean rewarding
             | bad behavior.
             | 
             | Do something horrible to your neighbour - be surprised that
             | he doesn't keep good behaviour torwards you.
        
           | dakiol wrote:
           | Why did the US drop 2 nuclear bombs on Japan? Why the US is
           | keeping Israel as their toy? Why the US entered the Vietnam
           | war (hint: no, not to avoid the spread of communism). US is
           | the bad boy of this planet, just because they can.
        
             | rubytubido wrote:
             | But they did it to protect the planet. We need to enforce
             | "democracy" and spread capitalism.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > Cuba would be a great travel destination.
         | 
         | It's been a while since I visited places outside the US, but
         | one of the shocking things was travel ads for Cuba everywhere.
         | 
         | From what I can tell, US-Cuban relations seem to be at the whim
         | of the US President. Most of the US population doesn't care;
         | most of the rest of the world has fine relations with Cuba, but
         | isn't going to pressure the US. Nobody is sending missiles to
         | Cuba anymore.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | > Nobody is sending missiles to Cuba anymore.
           | 
           | Or are they?
           | 
           | https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/12/americas/russian-navy-cuba-
           | in...
        
             | astromaniak wrote:
             | Still no. Just a visit, doesn't look like Cuba has any wish
             | to become Russia's military fortress. From Russia side all
             | decisions are made by a single person who is not thinking
             | big. Cuba would be quite expensive. Ukraine is more then
             | enough for Putin, unlikely he wants a new 'adventure'.
        
               | rubytubido wrote:
               | > Ukraine is more then enough for Putin
               | 
               | What about propaganda where he will capture the whole EU
               | after Ukraine?
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | It's not just the President. Some aspects of US-Cuban
           | relations are written into federal law and would take an Act
           | of Congress to change.
           | 
           | As a practical matter, Americans can travel to Cuba without
           | much trouble. Several of my friends have gone.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | The people who _really_ care are Cuban exiles around Miami.
           | 
           | When Florida was a swing state, that was enough to make every
           | presidential candidate be pro embargo.
           | 
           | Now that Florida is a red state, it might be different.
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | The Cuban population of Miami is heavily republican and
             | pro-embargo. This is why Obama got rid of it and Trump
             | reinstated it.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | > What would it take for the US to lift sanctions
         | 
         | Florida to stop being a swing state? We are almost there..
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | I have only seen Florida disappoint Democratic candidates. It
           | is a trick state. Should basically be ignored.
        
         | ashconnor wrote:
         | > Cuba would be a great travel destination.
         | 
         | Careful visiting if you want to use the ESTA to visit the
         | United States.
         | 
         | https://ogletree.com/insights-resources/blog-posts/u-s-visa-...
        
         | astromaniak wrote:
         | > Cuba would be a great travel destination
         | 
         | There are many similar destinations, and all of them are still
         | poor. Besides, Cuba has already tourists from Canada and
         | Europe.
         | 
         | My guess their best chance is to start manufacturing for cheap.
         | Close to US makes them more competitive. But for this to happen
         | commies government has to go.
        
         | abernard1 wrote:
         | > What would it take for the US to lift sanctions (I assume a
         | radical shift within Cuba's government), and for Cuba itself
         | (as a whole) to restructure their government in a way that
         | would benefit them and everyone.
         | 
         | It's irrelevant. Hard-line socialist countries don't
         | voluntarily decide to change their government: their countries
         | collapse and start over again.
         | 
         | While sanctions on Cuba are irrelevant to the US these days, it
         | doesn't change the fact that Cuba would be a dysfunctional
         | society in any case. Venezuela was a resource rich nation and
         | 7.7 million people fled (>20% of the population). The Soviet
         | Union was one of the most resource-rich entities in the world,
         | with similar failures.
         | 
         | I find it somewhat astonishing that people in tech--an industry
         | built around the belief that well-built systems can produce
         | good results--are so dismissive of the role of agency when it
         | comes to these issues. Somehow it's America's fault that people
         | are leaving Cuba, Venezuela, Mexico... and left to their own
         | devices, those places would be paradise.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Obama opened up travel to Cuba. I went just months after his
         | historic visit. There were still limitations, such as with
         | currency, that made it a somewhat complicated travel
         | destination. It would require more significant changes to make
         | it a go-to vacation spot, but it's generally believed that is
         | within presidential power.
         | 
         | Trump reverted the relationship back to Cold War status when he
         | took office.
        
       | V__ wrote:
       | > Most of those migrants have come to the United States in what
       | experts call the most significant migration wave in Cuban
       | history.
       | 
       | With the destabilization that a population drop of 10% has, the
       | potential for more migration in the long term and the associated
       | costs... Wouldn't it make sense for the U.S. to invest and help
       | Cuba? It would also have the additional benefit of maybe
       | depriving Russia of an ally.
        
         | chaorace wrote:
         | The current U.S. position towards Cuba continues to puzzle me.
         | Their geopolitical stance is nowhere near being on the same
         | level as North Korea or Iran. Given Cuba's proximity and
         | relative productive capacity you'd think that we'd be easy
         | allies if only they hadn't upset a bunch of dead politicians 60
         | years ago.
        
           | seniorivn wrote:
           | They are a hostile dictatorship, with zero resources but
           | their oppressed people. Why would USA be interested in
           | allying with them?
        
             | atlas_hugged wrote:
             | Their government is hostile like a friend's chihuahua. It
             | will make it known it doesn't like you, but it ain't going
             | to do anything about it because it can't.
             | 
             | The people on the other hand are truly wonderful human
             | beings that would love to be able to have visitors or visit
             | other countries themselves.
             | 
             | Who cares if some politicians feelings get hurt. People
             | want to be free to do what they want in a supposedly free
             | country.
        
               | spiderice wrote:
               | What does any of what you said have to do with the US
               | though?
        
               | joshlemer wrote:
               | > it ain't going to do anything about it because it can't
               | 
               | And, it can't because it's too poor to be able to do
               | anything, which is partly a result of the sanctions.
        
               | ImJamal wrote:
               | If you open up trade they will become stronger. Look at
               | China before and after we opened up trade with them. What
               | happens of Cuba becomes more powerful and is still
               | hostile while being so close to the US?
        
             | energy123 wrote:
             | The US should oppose expansionist dictatorships that
             | attempt to alter the status quo via forceful revisionism.
             | That's Russia in Ukraine and China in Asia.
             | 
             | I don't see how opposing Cuba achieves anything in the US
             | interests.
        
               | fjdjshsh wrote:
               | I keep seeing this "expansionist dictatorship" applied to
               | China when the USA is discussed. The USA has invaded
               | plenty of countries in the last few decades, has a
               | history of colonialism (Cuba, Philippines, Puerto
               | Rico...sure, less than some European countries, but
               | still).
               | 
               | Which countries has China invaded in the past few
               | decades?
        
               | energy123 wrote:
               | Did you say "last few decades" to conveniently exclude
               | their invasion of Vietnam? Not that it matters. Policy
               | should not be made based on a naive extrapolation of
               | historical track record. Culture, interests and
               | leadership are all things that change over time.
               | 
               | Modern China, like Russia, but unlike other autocracies
               | such as Cuba or Saudi Arabia, is a revisionist power -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revisionist_state
               | 
               | Their publicly broadcasted intention is to change the
               | status quo, forcefully if needed. That's a euphemism for
               | invading Taiwan. They keep saying it, over and over.
               | Beyond that, there's a militarism, nationalism and
               | irredentism that permeates Xi's leadership and the
               | culture he has created in his country, which did not
               | exist to the same extent under Deng. The confluence of
               | such factors have historically been a bad omen.
               | 
               | This does not mean that the US should start a war with
               | China. It means the US should pivot its focus to Asia and
               | continue the policy of containment, which is a
               | maintenance of the peaceful status quo through a
               | combination of sticks and carrots. It means the US should
               | be aware that there is a rival there who may start a war
               | on their own terms and on their own schedule when they
               | believe they are capable of defeating the US.
        
               | throw__away7391 wrote:
               | > Which countries has China invaded in the past few
               | decades?
               | 
               | Well, all of their neighbors for starters.
               | 
               | If we include sending warships to violate maritime
               | sovereignty under that definition, we can add dozens more
               | in Asia and South America.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Cuba _was_ in the  "attempt to alter the status quo via
               | forceful revisionism" club. They had literally thousands
               | of soldiers and "advisors" in various hot spots, trying
               | to export the revolution.
               | 
               | That was the 1970s, though. Cuba was allegedly involved
               | in the coup in Venezuela in 1992; arguably, the
               | _chavismo_ government would not have happened without
               | Cuban involvement. That government still rules Venezuela.
               | 
               | Are they still trying to stir up trouble? If not, how
               | long ago did they stop? I don't know. But there
               | definitely were reasons to impose sanctions on Cuba.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | While Florida was/is a swing state in US elections, whoever
           | secures the ex-Cuban vote wins a massive amount of electoral
           | votes. Republicans are fine jockeying against Cuba "because
           | communism", and so the Democrats are in a pickle in that the
           | right thing to do would be to improve relations with Cuba but
           | it guarantees to hand Florida over to the Republicans who
           | will then have the presidency and proceed to treat Cuba as-
           | is.
           | 
           | If Florida remains reliably Republican anyway, it's possible
           | the Democrats may get enough electoral support from the rest
           | of the country to still win future presidencies and ease up
           | on Cuba without caring about the Florida ex-Cuban vote.
        
             | 1123581321 wrote:
             | Cubans who emigrate vote relatively conservatively, so
             | perhaps it's in the interest of the Democratic Party to
             | make it more attractive to stay if most existing anti-Cuba
             | Floridians are not marginal/swing voters.
        
             | topkai22 wrote:
             | Yeah, this is basically the answer- Cuban American lobby is
             | solidly against the current regime. Less so than they used
             | to be, but there are still plenty of voices strongly
             | opposed to normalization and few strongly for it.
             | 
             | Without a strong counter vailing lobby there is little
             | reason for politicians to risk alienating the Cuban bloc to
             | normalize relations with a fairly repressive government
             | that still remains broadly anti-American and opposed to US
             | interests.
        
           | eZpZpi wrote:
           | Current position is easily explained; most active US voters
           | are >50 yo and elect 50+ year old pols.
           | 
           | All of those 50+ year olds were weened on "Cuba bad."
           | 
           | Leadership is mostly ossified and low effort adults who
           | rarely update their opinion; they just engage in their
           | routine, recite the spoken pageantry, idle about like brain
           | dead tourists of reality and die down the road.
           | 
           | Murican Civic Life has taken hold of the same biology
           | religion stumbled upon. Time to "blink" and accept physical
           | statistics just keeps enough stuff on shelves the majority
           | don't riot and mv /human/story/mode /dev/null
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | Also Florida is a large swing state, and the Cubans who
             | have fled there are the ones who hate the current
             | government.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Change is the hardest part of changing US policy towards Cuba
         | because the legal and regulatory elements are old and thus
         | deeply baked in to ongoing operations. Potential alignment of
         | Cuba for other adversaries isn't a serious enough threat nor
         | engagement a sufficient benefit to overcome government inertia.
         | Cuba isn't as much of a mess as Haiti and also isn't a tiny
         | success like Singapore.
         | 
         | Here is hoping that Cuba will be able to help itself out of a
         | perhaps weakening despotism but the default hypothesis is not
         | to hold one's breath.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | "Wouldn't it make sense for the U.S. to invest and help Cuba?"
         | 
         | Part of the reason Cuba is in the shape it's in is because of
         | previous US investment and "help".
        
           | InTheArena wrote:
           | That stopped being true 70 years ago, and it was the
           | withdrawal of American aid that brought Castro to power (he
           | still pretended to care about human rights then).
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | "Aid" is a bit of an understatement considering that Castro
             | was fighting against the US-and mafia-backed dictator
             | (Fulgencio Batista). The withdrawal of American support to
             | Batista happened because the corruption and violence had
             | reached unsustainable levels even for an anti-communist.
        
               | InTheArena wrote:
               | People make this argument - but it's consistent through
               | history with moderates as well as non-moderate
               | government. Withdrawing support is always seen as
               | weakness an established state and leads radicals to
               | overthrow governments. Germany 1931(bankers withdrew
               | funds), Afghanistan, Cuba, Vietnam.
        
       | oldpersonintx wrote:
       | Welcome to America. I mean that. The Cuban American community is
       | awesome and has created a great culture in Florida and elsewhere
       | 
       | protip: if you see any Ivy League graduates fetishizing
       | communism, just say "been there, done that"
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | If I were Xi Jinping, I'd step in quite heavily at this point. A
       | few billions in investment would do wonders there. I'm sure a
       | hypersonic nuke base could also be negotiated in return.
        
         | InTheArena wrote:
         | He'd much rather the USA just invaded it, subjugated all its
         | people while proclaiming that it is a long held part of the
         | post-Kennedy American empire.
         | 
         | Fits his narrative better.
        
           | ein0p wrote:
           | I think he'd much rather have a permanent and painful boil on
           | America's ass, like what the US has in Taiwan. Mexico isn't
           | cooperating, so maybe Cuba will. There's precedent for that
           | kind of thing, as well as for US military getting its ass
           | handed to it while trying to "subjugate" Cuba.
        
             | InTheArena wrote:
             | Thankfully even CcP authoritarians have more sense than
             | this. China is and will continue to foment unrest in South
             | America to play the same role, but after watching china
             | rape Africa's resources for the last decade, they are far
             | less likely to capitulate.
        
         | mr90210 wrote:
         | Well it turns out Xi is smarter than such idea because he's
         | learnt from history. Does the name Nikita Khrushchev ring a
         | bell?
        
           | ein0p wrote:
           | Kruschev got what he wanted. Nukes were removed from Turkey
           | at the time. They're back now, but only "stored", not
           | "deployed".
        
       | xyzzy4747 wrote:
       | I guess communism doesn't live up to the hype.
        
         | westpfelia wrote:
         | I mean when there is mass embargoes against your country so
         | much so that normal everyday things we take for grated are hard
         | to get things can become tough.
         | 
         | But we could also just say "lamo commy dont werk" without
         | understanding the geopolitical reasons for why a country might
         | be struggling.
        
         | MaxPock wrote:
         | Neither does capitalism
        
           | atlas_hugged wrote:
           | I know right?
           | 
           | Why are we continuing the arguments of dead people? "...but
           | my dad fought against communism blah blah blah"
           | 
           | All forms of government suck because nobody has figured out
           | how to keep power hungry sociopaths from taking government
           | and financial power in any form of government thus far in
           | human history.
           | 
           | Markets / trade have always been the best treatment because
           | the moment the sociopath of the day tries to pull the plug on
           | all their citizen's businesses, they get their heads on a
           | spike. It forces the hand of the sociopaths in charge to
           | comply with the will of people and find a compromise between
           | their own hurt feelings from the neighboring sociopath across
           | the border that called their mom fat or whatever, and the
           | demands of their citizens...usually.
           | 
           | In this case, the US sociopaths have realized they continue
           | to be butthurt by the little neighbor because not enough
           | people are complaining. When Obama tried to briefly open up
           | this pathway, the Cuban govt was quick to agree to allow
           | American tourism. Didn't last long of course.
           | 
           | The problem isn't Cuba.
        
           | seniorivn wrote:
           | it would help a lot if you all stopped calling the mess
           | implemented in practice without any ideology behind it by a
           | theoretical model name.
        
             | rexpop wrote:
             | Ah, yes: "nothing can be known; words don't mean things,
             | and things don't have names."
        
             | slater wrote:
             | But enough about communism! /s
        
         | pasquinelli wrote:
         | china's doing good.
         | 
         | or is china not doing good, somehow?
         | 
         | or are they not communist, somehow?
         | 
         | meanwhile, america is a farce...
        
           | atlas_hugged wrote:
           | Everything is a farce.
           | 
           | Everything is made up.
           | 
           | People in power are always just the most high functioning
           | sociopaths that clamor for it, communism or not.
        
           | olalonde wrote:
           | > or are they not communist, somehow?
           | 
           | How are they? They have a market economy. Plus, the US has
           | greater government spending (as % of GDP) than China.
        
           | energy123 wrote:
           | Their system is quite capitalist since Deng, and they're not
           | doing that well compared to Taiwan which is as close to an
           | A/B test as you'll get.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Maybe not, but please don't take HN threads on generic
         | ideological tangents.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | basisword wrote:
       | It's interesting reading the opinions in the comments on this
       | thread. As a non-US person, I don't have a strong opinion on
       | Cuba. I'd like to visit someday but don't know much about it
       | other than the headlines. Reading the comments here it sounds
       | like a pariah state on the level of North Korea. With 1m people
       | leaving in a year, it clearly has its issues - but lots of the
       | comments here are a good example of how your country's media and
       | propaganda can significantly colour your opinions. I don't get
       | the feeling many other countries continue to have such a negative
       | opinion of Cuba.
       | 
       | Are there any countries other than the US that has a strong
       | negative opinion on Cuba?
       | 
       | I'm also curious if anyone comes from a country that has a
       | significant negative opinion on another country that others might
       | find surprising?
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | If anything Cuba is heavely romanticized outside the US I
         | believe.
        
         | forrestthewoods wrote:
         | > Are there any countries other than the US that has a strong
         | negative opinion on Cuba?
         | 
         | It appears that Cubans have a strong negative opinion on Cuba.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | Most Americans don't think about Cuba at all, and it definitely
         | isn't in the news very much (as far as I know, I cut most TV
         | years ago). However, there are lots of Batista supporters and
         | their descendants in Florida. They are politically influential
         | given Florida is an important swing state.
        
           | SR2Z wrote:
           | The title of the article is literally that 10% of Cubans left
           | Cuba between 2022 and 2023. Are they Batista supporters too?
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Cubans leaving Cuba today are taking advantage of
             | immigration openness that anti-Cuba policies pushed for.
             | Why would they not take advantage of that? They are
             | literally the only refugees who can come to America and get
             | automatic asylum. Why does that exist? Political power from
             | Florida stemming from Batista supporters.
             | 
             | I don't have any interest in this argument, but the
             | situation between America and Cuba is fairly artificial and
             | politically related.
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | > Political power from Florida stemming from Batista
               | supporters.
               | 
               | Last I heard Batista's daughter is homeless, support
               | doesn't look so great lol:
               | https://www.local10.com/news/2017/06/21/ex-cuban-leader-
               | fulg...
        
         | martindbp wrote:
         | > With 1m people leaving in a year, it clearly has its issues -
         | but lots of the comments here are a good example of how your
         | country's media and propaganda can significantly colour your
         | opinions.
         | 
         | What? 10% of a country leaving in one year tells you what
         | Cubans think of Cuba. That's not propaganda, that's fact. On
         | the contrary, it seems like you have some kind of preconceived
         | notion of that life in Cuba is in fact not that bad (poor but
         | laid back perhaps?), but if that were true people would not
         | leave would they?
        
           | joecool1029 wrote:
           | > but if that were true people would not leave would they?
           | 
           | Not to dig into whataboutism but the same could really be
           | said about the US's island possessions:
           | https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/10/census-pacific-us-
           | territor...
           | 
           | Fact is populations will leave if they see chance at a better
           | life elsewhere, even if they aren't living in an active
           | warzone or under some some government the US doesn't like.
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | 10y vs 1y, internal migration vs moving to a different
             | country with a different language.
             | 
             | It's really not comparable.
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | > moving to a different country with a different
               | language.
               | 
               | The US doesn't have an official language, there are areas
               | that speak almost exclusively spanish. All government
               | shit is available in spanish. Puerto Rico speaks spanish.
               | Over a fifth of Floridians speak spanish at home.
        
             | nailer wrote:
             | I mean yes people wouldn't want to live in a US island
             | possession either. That doesn't invalidate the parent's
             | point.
        
           | brundog wrote:
           | Things are not so simple as Cuba bad, USA good. Wage
           | differentials easily explain why so many come to the USA.
           | Maybe they like Cuba but cannot come for better wages. Cuba
           | has its problems, but definitely the USA/cia is targeting the
           | regime with negative publicity. Who knows maybe you work at a
           | cia troll farm.
        
         | SR2Z wrote:
         | > Reading the comments here it sounds like a pariah state on
         | the level of North Korea.
         | 
         | The only reason it's NOT North Korea is the fact that it
         | "allows" its people to flee to the United States, where by law
         | they may become American citizens.
         | 
         | Cuba has extremely effective propaganda - folks forget that
         | it's actually a dictatorship which severely limits freedom of
         | speech and brutally cracks down on protest. Wikipedia has a
         | great page "Foreign interventions by Cuba."
         | 
         | Not all that much worse than China, but with the misfortune of
         | bordering the US and not being powerful enough to stand without
         | access to regional trade.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | Comparing Cuba to North Korea makes no sense at all. You
           | could compare it to the USSR or East Germany, but not North
           | Korea.
           | 
           | North Korea is effectively a caricature of a totalitarian
           | state, ruled by a cartoon villain. Cuba is more like an
           | ordinary country unlucky enough to have a totalitarian
           | government. There are plenty of equally bad countries in the
           | world even today.
        
         | mbrubeck wrote:
         | The US has by far the world's largest ex-Cuban population (well
         | over 1M people). Those communities are a big part of what
         | shapes US perceptions and policy toward Cuba.
        
           | hobotime wrote:
           | Cuban-Americans telling us what Cuba is like sounds ok to me.
           | From what I've heard, they hate Socialists.
        
             | ithkuil wrote:
             | How much is that a selection bias (they are the ones that
             | left and went to the US after all)
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | That's a fair point. One thing I will say, having lived
               | near many in FL at one time, they are some of the most
               | patriotic and pro USA people. I always appreciated that
               | in a way, as I think a lot of us take it for granted.
        
               | givemeethekeys wrote:
               | Definitely selection bias but well-founded.
               | 
               | The unmotivated masses tend to follow the de-facto system
               | that entrenches the successful few. The remaining
               | motivated and competitive people on the other hand leave
               | for better pastures.
               | 
               | People who emigrate from countries whose governments
               | micromanage the population tend to have the worst opinion
               | about them. Not that dissimilar from people who ditch
               | bosses who micromanage =).
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Cuban-Americans are literally revanchists. You might not be
             | getting the straight scoop from this self-selected
             | subpopulation.
        
         | fdsafdsafdsfsd wrote:
         | Maybe ask the Cubans who left the country?
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | People who leave a country tend to leave it for a reason. If
           | they liked their life in Cuba presumably they would have
           | stayed. They are probably not a neutral source on Cuba.
        
             | Larrikin wrote:
             | Who is a neutral source when asking for the opinion about a
             | dictatorship?
        
             | swexbe wrote:
             | Most immigrants don't have anywhere near as bad an opinion
             | of their home country as Cuban-Americans.
        
             | ImJamal wrote:
             | The hatred towards Cuba by Cuban immigrants is much higher
             | than most other immigrants. This indicates that Cuba is
             | worse than most countries.
        
         | snowpid wrote:
         | On German media (including heavy left leaning Taz) you find
         | various reports about human right issues in Cuba. It's a
         | typical socialist dictatorship doomed to fail as its
         | predecessors.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | As a canadian its pretty weird. Normally we get all the same
         | media as usa and have relatively similar opinions. However cuba
         | has always been much more popular here and is a common tourist
         | destination. Its sad they are having problems.
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | There are a lot of Cubans in the US, their experiences tend to
         | affect the larger American perspective of the country.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | For the most part, the only Americans that really care enough
         | about Cuba to form a negative opinion are Cuban immigrants and
         | their descendants. They happen to be a powerful voting block in
         | Florida, a swing state, so they have an outsized effect on
         | national politics.
         | 
         | If not for them, the embargo would have been dropped years ago
         | and relations would have been normalized.
        
         | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
         | I visited Cuba several times between approximately 2005 and
         | 2015.
         | 
         | The Cuban people I met were lovely and would give you the shirt
         | off their back if you needed it, even though they might not
         | possess many more of them.
        
       | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
       | It has also has an extremely low fertility rate.
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | Cuba's economy is not doing well because of the illegitimate and
       | illegal US embargo. End the blockade. Take Cuba off the
       | completely farcical State Sponsors of Terror list. Let Cuba live!
       | 
       | Cuba developed its own COVID vaccine but couldn't give it to its
       | own people because they could not buy metal for syringes. Its
       | fucking crazy.
        
         | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
         | > illegitimate and illegal US embargo
         | 
         | Illegitimate and illegal according to what authority? Unless
         | you believe in God, there is no higher authority than the US
         | government and its military might.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | International law?
           | 
           | That said, i don't think sanctions violate intl law. You are
           | under no obligation to trade with people you dont like. A
           | blockade probably would be (generally blockades are an act of
           | war which is only allowed in defense or if un security
           | council approves) however america isnt blockading it.
           | 
           | Things can morally wrong without being illegal.
        
             | matrix87 wrote:
             | international law in itself means almost nothing, it's just
             | a convenient excuse for the more powerful to threaten the
             | less powerful
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | So like normal law then?
        
             | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
             | International law isn't real. You can tell it's not real
             | because if it were real there would be real repercussions
             | for violating it. There aren't, so it isn't. It's just
             | words made up for politicking and persuasion.
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | this is literally an imperialist and fascist sentiment. most
           | countries around the world condemn the blockade and vote it
           | down yearly at the un. the only holdouts are the US and
           | Israel (both currently committing genocide in Gaza). Ukraine
           | abstained.
           | 
           | https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/11/1143112
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | There is no blockade, and there hasn't been since the Cuban
         | Missile Crisis. An embargo prohibits US citizens and US-owned
         | businesses from trading with Cuba. A blockade would be the US
         | Navy preventing anyone else's ships from entering Cuba to
         | trade.
         | 
         | Cuba is poor because Cuba is Communist. The US is not the only
         | trading partner in the world, but a country has to have
         | something to trade in order to engage in trade, and Cuba has
         | nothing.
        
           | mullingitover wrote:
           | > Cuba is poor because Cuba is Communist.
           | 
           | Is Cuba even _that_ poor, though, compared to its Latin
           | American peers, and is communism the reason?
           | 
           | Aside from the recent weirdness with their GDP spike in World
           | Bank's numbers, Cuba's GDP per capita is basically the same
           | as Mexico's, and it's higher than Brazil's, neither of which
           | are communist.
           | 
           | Furthermore, aside from raw GDP numbers it's higher in the UN
           | Human Development Index rankings[1] than Brazil and Colombia
           | along with a slew of other very capitalist countries.
           | 
           | If you make apples to oranges comparisons in demographics,
           | you can make any country look bad. The UK is basically
           | Mississippi if you take out London. The US also fares poorly
           | if you don't count the wealthiest 15% of the population. The
           | median Cuban isn't well off, but they aren't wildly different
           | from others in their region.
           | 
           | [1] https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | There is no blocade. Cuba is free to trade with whoever it
         | wants, as is the US.
        
       | choeger wrote:
       | Well, that explains why Cuban cigars are impossible to get since
       | a couple of years...
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | I really want people to understand that a sterile term like
       | "economic sanctions" really means "starving them to death". It's
       | not just food. It's the infrastructure necessary to grow food and
       | to have clean drinking water. It's basic medicines, life-saving
       | stuff.
       | 
       | What we, as a country, have done and continue to do to Cuba is
       | absolutely unconscionable.
       | 
       | It affects us too. Over the last 60+ years there have hundreds of
       | thousands or even millions of Cuban migrants to the US. This [1]
       | claims 2.7 million but includes US-born descendants. Cuban
       | migrants aren't a random sample of Cubans. They skew very much
       | anti-Castro, which means by extension they skew very pro-Batista.
       | Definitely right-leaning or even pro-fascist [2[.
       | 
       | Importing fascist or fascist adjacent people who ultimately
       | became voters has changed US politics where Florida is now a
       | safely red state. Here's more on the demographics of Cubans in
       | Miami in particular [3].
       | 
       | I find it interesting how this aspect of immigration is so often
       | missed or glossed over.
       | 
       | There is absolutely no justification for continuing 60+ years of
       | sanctions just because our puppet was deposed.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/cuban-immigrants-
       | uni...
       | 
       | [2]: https://time.com/archive/6762287/cuba-batista-backfire/
       | 
       | [3]:
       | https://latinostudies.nd.edu/assets/95278/original/grenchun....
        
         | jimmar wrote:
         | The UN, UK, and EU have no sanctions imposed on Cuba [1]. Why
         | has no other country prevented Cuba from "starving to death?"
         | Honest question. Is the United States so powerful that our
         | trade is the only thing keeping countries alive?
         | 
         | [1] https://globalsanctions.co.uk/region/cuba/
        
           | Devasta wrote:
           | Secondary sanctions. If your company trades with Cuba, then
           | companies that want to trade with the US also violate the
           | sanctions by trading with you.
           | 
           | So even something as basic as opening a bank account in such
           | circumstances isn't possible, as no bank will cut themselves
           | off from the entire worldwide banking system just to provide
           | you an account.
        
             | jimmar wrote:
             | It's a complex issue, for sure, and I admit to not being
             | well informed. I did a quick search, and Biden's
             | administration allowed Cubans to open accounts with U.S.
             | banks, but the Cuban government does not like giving up
             | control. Cuba passed laws "forcing businesses to use Cuban
             | banks for payment" [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-
             | world/world/americas...
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | This is wrong. There are no secondary sanctions against
             | Cuba.
             | 
             | Cuba is poor because Cuba is Communist. They can trade with
             | everyone except the United States, if they had anything to
             | trade with.
             | 
             | The US sanctions do serve as a wonderful excuse for the
             | Cuban government to blame the poverty they inflict upon
             | their own citizens on the United States. Plenty of gullible
             | people outside the country fall for it as well.
        
               | Devasta wrote:
               | So if I, as an Irish citizen, decided to start a business
               | that traded with Cuba, US companies would have no legal
               | issues doing business with me?
        
         | xienze wrote:
         | > Importing fascist or fascist adjacent people who ultimately
         | became voters has changed US politics where Florida is now a
         | safely red state.
         | 
         | And on the flip side, importing Central and South Americans who
         | are socialist or socialist adjacent and ultimately become
         | voters has changed US politics where California and other
         | states are now safely blue.
         | 
         | > I find it interesting how this aspect of immigration is so
         | often missed or glossed over^W^W^W^Wdismissed as a right wing
         | conspiracy theory.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | South and Central Americans fall back to their catholic
           | roots, rejecting the communism of their home country within
           | two generations.
        
         | greyvddhb wrote:
         | > There is absolutely no justification for continuing 60+ years
         | of sanctions just because our puppet was deposed.
         | 
         | Two weeks ago Russia landed an armada there in a show of force
         | right off the US coast. It's not an easy black and white
         | situation where you can just say "USA bad."
        
           | mordae wrote:
           | It is, though. If US did not sanction Cuba, there very much
           | would be no Russian visit. When US decides you are an enemy,
           | you don't get to pick your friends.
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | I support immigration and oppose the Republican anti-immigrant
       | platform because it seems to me there is significant brain drain
       | from many countries to the U.S. and that contributes to our
       | success.
       | 
       | For example, in this article is about white collar crime, it
       | points out that many Somali-Americans were professionals back in
       | Somalia. I'm not concerned about the crime because that seems
       | like a somewhat higher tendency until the 2nd and 3rd generation
       | is able to make it into established society.
       | 
       | A Somali-American former investigator: why you're hearing about
       | fraud in my community
       | 
       | https://minnesotareformer.com/2024/07/17/a-somali-american-i...
        
         | greenchair wrote:
         | correction: anti-illegal immigrant platform. the 3rd worlder
         | influx of criminals is negative for the country not positive.
        
           | _heimdall wrote:
           | What is and isn't legal immigration is always a moving
           | target. A majority of US history included open borders where
           | it was legal for anyone to get off a boat, provide some basic
           | info, and go on to try and make their way here.
           | 
           | The idea of closed borders, immigration caps, etc is
           | relatively modern and driven more by the fact that social
           | entitlement programs cost money than a fear of dangerous
           | people coming here.
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | Modern civilization has entitlements, if we get rid of
             | entitlements, sure we can have open borders. We just can't
             | do both or the system collapses.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Agreed. That's where the question is really interesting,
               | and important, though. If we can only have one or the
               | other, and if a majority of Americans view our southern
               | border as an untenable situation, can we maintain our
               | entitlement programs?
               | 
               | Entitlement programs only work if we can secure our
               | borders. If we can't secure our borders it seems to be
               | clear that we can't have the entitlement programs.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | The original immigration laws were explicitly racist. They
             | were long before the entitlement programs existed.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | I don't know enough about the specific racial factors in
               | our older immigration laws, I'll take your word for it,
               | but there isn't anything linking the two. We could have
               | open borders without entitlement programs _or_ racist
               | immigration laws.
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | An easy way to reduce illegal immigration is to raise quotas.
           | People would rather migrate legally.
        
           | apsec112 wrote:
           | Trump supported a plan to reduce legal immigration by half:
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/us/politics/trump-
           | immigra...
        
         | pton_xd wrote:
         | > the Republican anti-immigrant platform because it seems to me
         | there is significant brain drain from many countries to the
         | U.S. and that contributes to our success.
         | 
         | Explain how unskilled illegal immigrants contribute to our
         | success. I'm open minded but I've yet to hear anything
         | convincing.
         | 
         | No one is opposed to the legal immigration of skilled workers.
        
           | torpfactory wrote:
           | There's a very sizable number of low paying, dirty,
           | dangerous, and/or boring jobs that we can't find enough
           | locals to do. Think farm hands, home care aides, meat
           | processors, etc. Unskilled immigrants do those jobs because
           | that's what is available to them (I.e unskilled). If they
           | weren't doing those jobs, we'd have to pay significantly more
           | for the goods and services that labor depends on. Immigrant
           | labor is disinflationary or at least prevents or ameliorates
           | it.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | These jobs are low-paying _because_ they 're broadly
             | unproductive. If some of them weren't doing these jobs, the
             | wages paid for them at the margin would increase. We are
             | vastly better off importing more skilled immigrants to
             | high-income countries, compared to unskilled ones.
        
               | lrem wrote:
               | How can you call literally feeding the people "broadly
               | unproductive"? It's low margin, but you can't have a
               | society supporting your margins without someone doing the
               | bottom jobs.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | Labour productivity has a specific meaning
        
               | gertlex wrote:
               | Enlighten us, then?
               | 
               | And does "broadly unproductive" have a specific meaning,
               | too?
        
               | s0rce wrote:
               | If we didn't have lower wage workers doing farm work food
               | would be way more expensive and less diverse. I'm not
               | sure how you judge the productivity of the worker...
        
               | energy123 wrote:
               | That's an economically illiterate comment. You're
               | confusing scarcity of labor, which determines price, with
               | the utility that that labor generates.
        
             | mixmastamyk wrote:
             | They're not all unskilled. Well-paying construction jobs,
             | which used to be a path to the middle class, have been
             | gutted (in the western US at least).
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | lowering cost of labor expands our economy, agglomeration
           | effects, etc.
        
           | windowshopping wrote:
           | Why would we be opposed to unskilled immigrants? The majority
           | of the people who came here from Europe in the 1700s and
           | 1800s were laborers, factory workers, farmers, and other
           | simple occupations. Why are we pulling up the ladder behind
           | them? Did you want to freeze the US as it was circa 1950?
           | Things change man. The US isn't forever, anymore than Rome
           | was. You gotta stop trying to fight the current and
           | pretending that by preventing "unskilled immigration" you can
           | maintain the US in some hypothetical idealized state
           | completely specific to your imagination.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > Did you want to freeze the US as it was circa 1950?
             | 
             | That's exactly what we're doing (in Europe and East Asia
             | even more so than the U.S.) by opposing skilled migration.
             | Increasing legal skilled migration is much more critical,
             | though other concerns such as asylum rights for those
             | fleeing from an oppressive government or a war-ravaged
             | country also matter quite a bit.
        
             | gottorf wrote:
             | > The majority of the people who came here from Europe in
             | the 1700s and 1800s were laborers, factory workers,
             | farmers, and other simple occupations. Why are we pulling
             | up the ladder behind them?
             | 
             | The welfare state did not exist in that time, so the cost
             | of absorbing immigration was confined to acculturation.
             | Immigrants had to quickly start generating value or perish.
             | The incentives are radically different now and the marginal
             | cost to society of absorbing each additional immigrant is
             | much higher.
             | 
             | US government spending as a percentage of GDP remained low
             | single digits until WW1; it is roughly 35% today.
             | 
             | > You gotta stop trying to fight the current
             | 
             | You must also remember that the natural state of everything
             | is decay, and the natural state of mankind in particular is
             | "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short". The current
             | grinds everything down to sand. It is incumbent upon
             | everyone to fight the current in the way that affords the
             | greatest benefit to society.
        
             | cm2187 wrote:
             | That was when those countries were going through their
             | industrial revolution. Those same countries are now
             | desindustrialising.
        
           | petesergeant wrote:
           | > No one is opposed to the legal immigration of skilled
           | workers
           | 
           | I can assure you that's not true, but we hear the most about
           | illegal unskilled immigration because everyone agrees on
           | that.
        
           | hyperpape wrote:
           | > No one is opposed to the legal immigration of skilled
           | workers.
           | 
           | Steve Bannon, Trump's chief strategist in 2016, argued that
           | the quantity of Asian CEOs in Silicon Valley undermined
           | "civic society" https://web.archive.org/web/20161117164322/ht
           | tps://www.theve....
           | 
           | There absolutely are a lot of people who want to restrict
           | legal immigration. If you deny that, you're just pretending
           | that you're not helping them out.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | > No one is opposed to the legal immigration of skilled
           | workers.
           | 
           | That is not true. If no one is opposing immigration of
           | skilled workers then why getting a visa is a lottery?
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > No one is opposed to the legal immigration of skilled
           | workers.
           | 
           | Is this why I keep reading "THEY TUKK ER JERBS!!!!!!" as a
           | knock-down argument against H1-B and other legal visas here
           | on HN?
        
           | aegis4244 wrote:
           | Economists say every immigrant is a net economic positive to
           | the nation. They eat,buy food clothing, cars. Every immigrant
           | child is a net negative to the state,at least until they turn
           | 18. But it isn't even. Net neg per kid of maybe 800 a year,
           | positive of each adult of 1200-1600 are the numbers I've
           | heard on freakonomics podcast. Their guests proposed solution
           | was to have the feds pay the states per an immigrant child to
           | offset who bears the costs. I don't think it's even a
           | debatable position that each immigrant is a net economic
           | positive, in the long term. Some political groups worrying
           | about losing their culture is a completely different kettle
           | of fish.
           | 
           | https://www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/north-american-
           | century/b...
        
             | j-krieger wrote:
             | > Economists say every immigrant is a net economic positive
             | to the nation
             | 
             | This isn't true in general and depends on the local economy
             | and the immigrants country of origin. MENA migrants are a
             | net loss for Germany, for example.
             | 
             | Even if economists agree, the money these immigrants spend
             | lands in the pockets of rich capitalists.
             | 
             | The entire topic is far more nuanced than you make it out
             | to be.
        
         | gottorf wrote:
         | > I'm not concerned about the crime
         | 
         | You may not be concerned about the crime, but many voters are.
         | The author of the article you linked to also exhorts the Somali
         | immigrant community to not engage in crime.
         | 
         | > because that seems like a somewhat higher tendency until the
         | 2nd and 3rd generation is able to make it into established
         | society.
         | 
         | History and data from various European nations suggest that
         | some immigrant groups aren't able to integrate with the host
         | society after multiple generations, and remain ghettoized with
         | low employment and high crime rates (vastly higher than the
         | native population, for certain categories of crime).
         | 
         | It's clear that the national interest is in accepting skilled
         | immigrants who migrate legally and are able to integrate fully
         | into the host society, a la Teddy Roosevelt's dropping of the
         | hyphen. It is not desirable to have separate ethnic groups who
         | "share the same language, culture and faith" distinct from the
         | mainstream.
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | > History and data from various European nations suggest that
           | some immigrant groups aren't able to integrate with the host
           | society after multiple generations, and remain ghettoized
           | with low employment and high crime rates (vastly higher, for
           | certain categories of crime).
           | 
           | I'm not sure that's true. For example, in the United States,
           | it took numerous generations of German-Americans to fully
           | integrate into society, with towns in Wisconsin speaking a
           | dialect of German well into the 1940s. Despite this lack of
           | cultural integration, these cities experienced very little
           | crime.
        
             | gottorf wrote:
             | Different immigrant groups have better or worse outcomes,
             | hence my saying "some immigrant groups". The cultural
             | distance between the English progenitors of the US to the
             | large wave of German immigrants in the 1800s is not as
             | great as, say, that of Turkish immigrants to Germany post-
             | WW2, or Syrian immigrants to contemporary Denmark.
             | 
             | Another way to look at it is that immigrant groups bring
             | parts of their old world with them; German-Americans left a
             | high-social-trust, low-crime culture and established it in
             | their new country.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | WWI also forced the issue in a way that hasn't quite
             | applied to other "ethnic" folks in the US. German
             | immigrants, by and large, have been pushed towards
             | forgetting their national culture altogether and
             | assimilating into a newly-manufactured (by early 20th-
             | century Progressives, no less), unified "White" identity.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Crime among immigrants is largely correlated with
           | unemployment rates. European countries with immigrant crime
           | problems have high unemployment rates, the US does not.
        
             | hurril wrote:
             | This is not a good explanation without also looking at who
             | is unemployed. In Sweden, the unemployment is low:ish but
             | it is basically non-existent with the natives, but very
             | high among immigrants. So it might be true that crime
             | correlates with unemployment rates, but Sweden does not
             | have a high unemployment.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | Some are unable, other groups are successfully integrating.
           | Like Ukrainian refugees into neighboring European countries,
           | especially Poland.
        
             | mrybczyn wrote:
             | Ukrainians integrating into Polish culture is similar to
             | the East and West German unification post wall, only more
             | complicated by a few extra generations...
        
           | dakiol wrote:
           | > It is not desirable to have separate ethnic groups who
           | "share the same language, culture and faith" distinct from
           | the mainstream.
           | 
           | Why not? Mainstreams are temporary. The Romans shifted from
           | pagans to christians in just a decade (officially speaking).
           | The German speaking region of Belgium was annexed in the
           | 1900s (now the country has 3 different official languages).
           | The whole latin america started speaking Spanish long before
           | they became actual countries. Spain was mostly muslim for
           | over 700 years.
           | 
           | There's no mainstream. We are always changing and the mix is
           | always better.
        
             | guille_ wrote:
             | Not every culture can integrate, not every culture is a
             | step "forward". Also, your examples are quite weak 1.
             | Paganism was not doing too well by the time Christianity
             | became official. 2. Belgium is a joke country (sorry!) that
             | still has a divided population based on the language they
             | speak. Hardly a success case. 3. Americans speaking Spanish
             | also resulted in losing native languages and cultures. It
             | might be okay to accept it, but the implications in your
             | case are obvious, and it definitely would deserve a fair
             | bit of debate whether we're okay with that. 4. Right,
             | because the Reconquista was famously a period of peace and
             | prosperity...
             | 
             | If these are the arguments FOR massive immigration then
             | don't be surprised the vast majority of the public is
             | against it.
        
               | dakiol wrote:
               | I don't know man. This idea of certain cultures being so
               | distant that they cannot be integrated with others sounds
               | a bit alien to me. If anything, we (all the different
               | cultures in this planet) are the result of a vast amount
               | of mixing over the centuries. We probably don't notice it
               | anymore (proof that the mix has worked wonders) and we
               | think we all are so good because "our" culture, "our"
               | values. I mean, if something so profound such as religion
               | was literally imported to America, anything is possible.
               | Sometimes I wish we were invaded by aliens 100% different
               | from us in every aspect, so that we realised once and for
               | all that we all humans just are and feel the same.
        
             | mrbombastic wrote:
             | How do you define better if there is no mainstream culture?
        
           | alluro2 wrote:
           | Yeah, but it seems like some nations are only willing to
           | invest a low amount of effort in it working out. I.e. if
           | you're highly educated skilled worker who will integrate on
           | their own, great. If you're a manual laborer who will do the
           | work no one wants, for less money, pay tax and integrate
           | their kids, great. But if the host society needs to invest in
           | their education, social programs and integration, then screw
           | it, let them ghettoise and hope the resulting jump in
           | nationalism and animosity towards them will balance things
           | out.
        
           | GolfPopper wrote:
           | "The mythical tie between immigration and crime"[1]
           | 
           | 1. https://siepr.stanford.edu/news/mythical-tie-between-
           | immigra...
        
           | Xen9 wrote:
           | Slightly tangentially, there exists huge amount of
           | immigration studies that have failed (intently or not) to
           | take confounders into account :(
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Isn't that the opposite of what the stats tell us? Immigrants
         | are the most law-abiding Americans, and their descendants
         | converge to typical amounts of lawlessness in 1 or 2
         | generations.
         | 
         | https://www.nber.org/papers/w31440
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Republicans are strongly anti-illegal immigration, and that
         | appears anti-immigration to some.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | That's what they say, but then they oppose any effort to
           | legalize the immigrants. Congress could legalize them all
           | today if they wanted to.
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | that's not my interpretation, the opposition party votes as
             | a bloc against _everything_ until they aren 't the
             | opposition party any more. democrats do that too. neither
             | party can pass a filibuster in the senate so it doesn't
             | matter, it isn't about any party position.
             | 
             | republicans support setting H1B visas at the same standard
             | it was created for in 1991.
             | 
             | I support that. I support linking the standards of minimum
             | compensation to inflation or some automatically moving
             | metric. we already have several higher criteria work visas,
             | H1B's is just the most popular.
             | 
             | republicans support our education visas turning into
             | residency or work visas more seamlessly.
             | 
             | I support that.
             | 
             | the party doesn't support the empathy arguments for people
             | that are here without a visa. I think something more
             | holistic should be considered than mass deportation.
             | 
             | Its important to add nuance. We have many categories of
             | immigration and many populations. As well as a porous
             | mismanaged border.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | That's wrong on its face, since some legislation does get
               | passed. They don't oppose everything, they are selective.
               | It's strictly for political points.
               | 
               | If Republican voters supported more immigration, it could
               | happen. They just don't. And calling people brought here
               | as children by their parents criminals is ridiculous.
        
           | apsec112 wrote:
           | Trump supported a plan to reduce legal immigration by half:
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/us/politics/trump-
           | immigra...
        
             | j-krieger wrote:
             | Good. Immigration is often a ploy to introduce highly
             | skilled workers into the local population who are used to
             | worse standards of living and lower wages.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | Lowering wages and salaries for skilled workers has a big
               | disinflationary effect and slashes inequality. (The bulk
               | of inequality is indeed due to skill-biased divergence in
               | labor income, not passive or unearned income from asset
               | ownership.)
        
               | j-krieger wrote:
               | I agree if we look at through a purely economical lense,
               | but you can't deny that this statement may sour some
               | voters opinions.
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | So, you do understand how this exactly demonstrates how
               | you are anti-immigration, not just anti-illegal
               | immigration?
        
               | j-krieger wrote:
               | I am not the original commenter. I am not anti
               | immigration. I am merely critical of it. We need skilled
               | healthcare workers. Instead giant corporations are
               | focusing on importing software engineers o drive down
               | wages.
        
               | sharkjacobs wrote:
               | anti-illegal immigration and pro-illegalizing immigration
        
             | philk10 wrote:
             | As an immigrant in the US I looked at the plans ( produced
             | by Stephen Miller) and would not have qualified to be
             | admitted.
        
         | api wrote:
         | Shutting off US immigration is national suicide. Immigration is
         | our superpower. It's like a company deciding they don't want
         | any more customers. Utterly beyond idiotic.
         | 
         | As birth rates drop globally the countries that are magnets for
         | the highest quality immigrants will explode and basically rule
         | the world.
         | 
         | The kind of immigrants we get are the envy of the world too. I
         | am a little more sympathetic to European concerns because the
         | immigrants they are getting are coming for different reasons.
         | Many of them are refugees not people coming because they
         | genuinely want to be there, and that is a different deal
         | entirely.
        
           | cm2187 wrote:
           | The number of actual refugees in Europe is tiny (ukrainians
           | excluded). What is large is the number of people who pretend
           | to be refugees, like it is at the southern border of the US.
           | 
           | And even actual refugees are really economic migrants after
           | they crossed half a dozen countries where they wouldn't be in
           | danger.
        
         | j-krieger wrote:
         | > it seems to me there is significant brain drain from many
         | countries to the U.S. and that contributes to our success
         | 
         | This enables wage suppression
        
       | riffic wrote:
       | perhaps it's time to normalize relations with their government
       | and end the blockade.
        
       | kjellsbells wrote:
       | The problem commonly skated over is that two views cam be true at
       | once. For example:
       | 
       | - the "Batista" regime was dictatorial and repressive. The people
       | fought back with Castro. The first wave of people to land in
       | Miami were essentially the moneyed class who lost everything.
       | Unsurprisingly they hate the Castro regime and its descendents.
       | The US government were happy to accommodate them under the guise
       | of anti communism.
       | 
       | - the "Castro" regime is dictatorial and repressive. The people
       | cant fight back so they leave. The people landing in Miami and
       | their descendents hate the regime for taking everything. The US
       | Republicans are happy to accommodate them under the guise of
       | sticking it to the libs.
       | 
       | I dont see any of this changing until the regime changes in Cuba
       | to a more democratic one simultaneously with the Republican party
       | imploding in Florida. Which basically means not in my lifetime.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | > the "Castro" regime is dictatorial and repressive.
         | 
         | As someone whose family comes from the former Soviet union, and
         | has friends that come from other repressive places let me tell
         | you that this really doesn't matter.
         | 
         | Economy and how you are doing are what matters in the day to
         | day life of people.
         | 
         | People really don't think about the oppression or lack of
         | elections, they care how much they need to suffer to put food
         | on the table, whether they can afford vacations on the beach,
         | how expensive it's gonna be, etc etc.
         | 
         | I consistently asked my grandparents and people from oppressive
         | places whether they cared about politics and no they didn't.
         | 
         | They knew that people across the borders lived the same lives
         | they did, but they could afford a better car and better
         | vacations that's all.
         | 
         | The average Joe does not care about politics, even those who
         | talk about it and share on social media don't care.
         | 
         | The amount of people that campaign, try to get elected, try to
         | do anything even in their own neighborhood has always been low
         | and probably never as low as now.
        
           | its_ethan wrote:
           | They may not care about the politics, but if the politics is
           | what contributes to the economy / shortages / difficulty in
           | getting things like food... then the politics matter,
           | regardless of if any given citizen is consciously aware of
           | it.
           | 
           | And as a reciprocal anecdote, I have family that grew up
           | behind the iron curtain - and they were very much aware of
           | and knew the importance of the governments politics
        
       | surfingdino wrote:
       | This plus low fertility rates paint a bleak demographic picture.
       | What happens to a country whose population collapses? I don't
       | think we have past data to reference here?
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | Again and again I've been arguing for access to information. Let
       | Cuba land an underwater cable in Miami. Ever since I was young I
       | was fed this line 'Glasnost helped accelerate the collapse of the
       | Soviet Union, people wanted things their government wouldn't give
       | them... free access to information not filtered by their
       | government', but the US argues for some reason that Cubans can't
       | have this.
       | 
       | Is it fear of an even bigger migration? Why? Is it expat Cubans
       | looking to kick out the ladder?
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | I agree with you, but if Cuba wants better Internet access
         | there's nothing stopping them from landing an underwater cable
         | in Mexico. It's about the same distance.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Russians didn't give two shits about "free access to
         | information", they cared to see that people in US lived richer
         | lives that's it.
         | 
         | Russians in Soviet union had to illegally trade and commit
         | felonies to get their hands on some Italian mortadella. They
         | had to go through insane lengths to buy a new tv.
         | 
         | It wasn't glasnost but the oil crisis that ultimately killed
         | the SU's economy and made people think that in democracy it was
         | gonna be better.
         | 
         | Is it better? In absolute terms, yes, but so is virtually
         | everyone in the world compared to 1989.
         | 
         | In terms of gdp per capita Soviet russia was 33rd in the world
         | in that year. Modern Russia is 52nd.
         | 
         | But you wouldn't be able to say that such a massive decline
         | happened when modern Russia is far cleaner, richer and very low
         | unemployment.
         | 
         | Modern Russians are richer in absolute terms, but poorer in
         | relative ones.
        
           | abernard1 wrote:
           | > In terms of gdp per capita Soviet russia was 33rd in the
           | world in that year. Modern Russia is 52nd.
           | 
           | GDP was also calculated based upon prices in a free market.
           | The problem being, if you don't have a free market, you don't
           | have an efficient way of knowing if the "value" of the goods
           | produced actually mattered. The Soviet Union massively
           | overproduced goods that nobody wanted, as this was efficient
           | for production. But in terms of quality of life, it didn't
           | matter. Overabundances and shortages were the norm.
        
           | gottorf wrote:
           | > richer in absolute terms, but poorer in relative ones.
           | 
           | Off topic, but it's funny how big of a problem this turns out
           | to be in real life.
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | Note that it's only the US that has an embargo against Cuba.
       | 
       | The rest of the world trades pretty freely with them.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | The article exactly says "US embargo".
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Sure, but a lot of people seem to think Cuba is cut off from
           | world trade. They're only cut off from one country.
           | 
           | Someone called it a "blockade" on this page.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | Cuba's ability to trade with the rest of the world severely
             | impaired by the US embargo.
             | 
             | Most international banks get very nervous about
             | facilitating transactions involving Cuba and even tourists
             | who visit Cuba can have their travel to the US restricted.
             | 
             | https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/usa/entry-
             | requireme...
        
               | mgbmtl wrote:
               | Cuba rarely stamps passports to avoid those problems.
               | They give you a piece of paper with a stamp, that you
               | return on your way out.
        
             | berdario wrote:
             | At minute 12:33 in this video it explains the 180-days rule
             | and other details:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/WgWK6_AYq_o?si=5aqdt7DW-gYd7XdN
             | 
             | it might not be completely cut off, but the embargo is
             | harsh, especially for an island ot only 10M people
        
         | pimpampum wrote:
         | The sanctions also sanctions companies that trade with Cuba
         | even from outside the US, so any company has to choose to
         | either not trade with Cuba (which is a small market) or risk
         | loosing the biggest market close by. So STFU.
        
         | linearrust wrote:
         | > Note that it's only the US that has an embargo against Cuba.
         | 
         | And that's the only embargo that matters. Given a choice
         | between an embargo by the US or embargo by the rest of the
         | world, cuba and every country in the world would choose 'the
         | rest of the world'. Especially so for cuba since it's just
         | right off the coast of florida.
         | 
         | > The rest of the world trades pretty freely with them.
         | 
         | No they do not.
        
       | pstrateman wrote:
       | Cuba is our enemy until assata Shakur is returned to prison.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assata_Shakur
        
         | windowshopping wrote:
         | This happened 50 years ago. I think we can let it go and worry
         | about more current matters. I can't imagine still being hung up
         | on this.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | i don't care about this at all
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | >Other factors were a high number of deaths, 405,512,
       | 
       | With such a population churn the chances of dying at sea while
       | trying to run away don't look that bad.
        
       | greyvddhb wrote:
       | Did US sanctions cause this? Why or why not?
        
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