[HN Gopher] Sparrows may be 'canary in the coal mine' for lead p...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sparrows may be 'canary in the coal mine' for lead poisoning in
       children: study
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2024-07-18 13:44 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.abc.net.au)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.abc.net.au)
        
       | vcxbx wrote:
       | It's fascinating how nature can provide such critical warnings
       | about our environment. If sparrows are showing high levels of
       | lead, it makes you wonder how much is seeping into the broader
       | ecosystem. Could this be an early indicator of a larger, more
       | pervasive issue affecting both wildlife and human health? It's
       | definitely worth paying attention to and investigating further.
        
       | cjs_ac wrote:
       | Lead poisoning in Australian mining towns is a surprisingly
       | contentious issue. Town mayors usually try to cover up and deny
       | any evidence of lead poisoning, because without the mines, there
       | is no town.
       | 
       | The broken hill that the town of Broken Hill is named after no
       | longer exists. The mullock heap pictured in the article is all
       | that remains: the entire hill was dug away when the original mine
       | was active. As you can see on OpenStreetMap[0], the slag heap
       | sits right in the middle of the town, with lead-laden dust
       | blowing down into the streets and backyards every time the wind
       | picks up.
       | 
       | The other town mentioned in the article is Mount Isa[1]. Mount
       | Isa has both a mine and a smelter, both located immediately to
       | the west of the town. The prevailing winds are westerlies, so
       | again the toxic dust falls on the town.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/-31.9653/141.4597
       | 
       | [1] https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/-20.7339/139.4831
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | > Town mayors usually try to cover up and deny any evidence of
         | lead poisoning
         | 
         | After moving to the West from a developing country was
         | surprised to discover that things our politicians do for a big
         | bribe western politicians sometimes do for free.
        
           | soulofmischief wrote:
           | The money just flows through different channels, but that's a
           | funny observation.
        
             | gwervc wrote:
             | Exactly, corruption is more sophisticated, but it exists
             | and is huge nonetheless. The big difference is that the
             | starting GDP is higher, which allows for a little more to
             | reach normal citizens after corruption is taken into
             | account.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | An old friend of mine who was originally from Iran told
               | me something a family member of his said to him, which
               | was basically: "In the west you may not have bribery, but
               | the ability to influence decisions is mostly out of your
               | reach. At least here little people can have some small
               | control over their environment through small bribes." I
               | had never heard bribery pitched that way before, and it's
               | obviously... a garbage... way to run a society. But.
               | 
               | In Roman times, decision making, power, etc was in large
               | part done through systems of explicit patronage. We now
               | -- in public at least -- consider patronage to be a
               | corrupt and awful thing, but then having a powerful
               | patron was a sign of virtue and goodness. Having a
               | wealthy famous patron literally made you a better person,
               | "not-guilty" in various crimes, etc.
               | 
               | I am not convinced that that ethic has ever really gone
               | away. Just maybe more hidden.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | That's because the seat of power in the west is not with
           | governments at all, but with business. The gov't ends up
           | being there to keep them happy and avoid conflicts between
           | them.
           | 
           | They've mostly stripped themselves of the ability to do
           | anything they could be bribed over.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | I don't know man. The US government spends in a couple of
             | months what the biggest companies are worth in total.
             | 
             | According to this [0] Uncle Sam is obligated to spend 6.3T
             | this year. That's 500B per month. Compare to the market cap
             | of mammoth companies [1]. ExxonMobil, UnitedHealth, and
             | Mastercard are all in the top 20 US companies and worth
             | around one month of government spending.
             | 
             | How can a whale be beholden to a flea?
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.usaspending.gov/explorer/budget_function
             | [1]: https://companiesmarketcap.com/
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | How much of that is defense? How much is security &
               | policing?
               | 
               | A bulk of that spending is to keep the market going, and
               | to protect business interests.
        
               | tehjoker wrote:
               | The government is designed for rich people from its
               | foundation, it's a cozy revolving door for the elites and
               | functions to repress popular movements. Officials
               | identify with business and owners and can pick up do-
               | nothing or interesting jobs after their government
               | services.
               | 
               | US elections are some of the most expensive in the world
               | and politicians rely on donations to win their campaigns.
               | The connections between business and government are a
               | spider web. Business also isn't a set of individual
               | companies, they in fact cooperate on public policy
               | through think tanks such as the chamber of commerce and
               | the business round table.
               | 
               | Furthermore, since business controls the commodities and
               | processes that sustain life, business holds a veto over
               | economic policy with "capital strikes". Government could
               | seize these properties, but our left wing is very weak.
               | 
               | Think about it another way, why do you assume that
               | elected officials have any obligation to the public when
               | there is essentially no recourse except through elections
               | and elections generally require oodles of money to win?
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Right. It is worth noting that the total allowable cost
               | of the recent UK election was 54k per seat per party,
               | meaning that a political party could only spend 34M GBP
               | contesting every Parliamentary seat.
               | 
               | It would only take the top three House fundraisers to
               | outstrip this number:
               | https://www.opensecrets.org/elections-
               | overview/fundraising-t...
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | Because government is not a singular entity, but made up
               | of lots of individual people. And the overall electoral
               | process of using a silver tongue to convince millions of
               | people that you agree with all of them on everything,
               | especially on things they disagree with each other on,
               | and/or that the world will end if the other guy gets
               | elected, ensures you select away from any sort of pesky
               | things like values or ethics.
               | 
               | The wildest thing, to me, is just how cheap it is to buy
               | a politician. Senator Menendez [1] made it a bit too
               | overt and ended up getting convicted so there's no
               | speculation involved there. International/country level
               | corruption of a senior Senator, who was also the head of
               | the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, including getting
               | him to directly interfere in criminal cases? Less than a
               | million bucks. I guess it's more of a buyer's market,
               | which is pretty 'funny' in and of itself.
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Menendez#Allegati
               | ons_of_co...
        
         | recombined wrote:
         | Always a pleasure to see we're in a good company. I've had the
         | misfortune of being raised in this place:
         | 
         | https://maps.app.goo.gl/aXkHEfX42aNp2yxV9
         | 
         | Combine a large lead smelting plant with one of the world's
         | largest producers of (unenriched) uranium, and a dozen other
         | metals like copper and zinc. Add zero effective environmental
         | regulation on top, and you get us.
         | 
         | According to government data, lead concentrations in the top
         | soil are measured in hundreds to several thousands of
         | milligrams per kilogram, depending on location. The norm is low
         | dozens, if I am not mistaken.
         | 
         | No blood level studies have been done since the end of the
         | 1980s. Thanks to this link, I at least have a reference point
         | from a relatively transparent and accountable society. All I
         | can say, back when I was in middle to high school, it felt like
         | every other kid was diagnosed with anemia (yours truly
         | included), and skin conditions like atopic dermatitis or
         | recurring abscesses covering half the body were very common.
         | 
         | Personally I have never felt like having a sharp mind, but it's
         | difficult to say how much impact lead may have had on this.
         | 
         | This is how it typically looks on the ground, if you're
         | interested:
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/a/HyT1B5p
         | 
         | Don't know why I'm writing all this, I guess to let it be known
         | that there are far worse places out there than a couple of
         | small Australian towns (with what to me looks like very clean
         | air).
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | "Giant toxic slag heap in the middle of town" is probably
         | pretty common. Was definitely a thing in El Paso, Texas, where
         | I lived in the 1980s.
         | 
         | https://www.nrdc.org/stories/flint-east-chicago-there-was-sm...
        
         | teruakohatu wrote:
         | You weren't kidding, that one mine has polluted a significant
         | percentage of the entire earths surface [1]:
         | 
         | > "The idea that Amundsen and Scott were traveling over snow
         | that clearly was contaminated by lead from smelting and mining
         | in Australia, and that lead pollution at that time was nearly
         | as high as any time ever since, is surprising to say the
         | least."
         | 
         | > The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead
         | deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic
         | isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the
         | continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern
         | Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead
         | pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and
         | remains a significant source today, the authors report.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20140808070623/http://www.nasa.g...
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | It's really scary how a tiny amount of a mineral can permanently
       | damage the human mind. I have to admit there's a part of me that
       | almost wants to be skeptical, that mg of a rock could overcome
       | the wonderous self-aware human mind. Every so often I have to
       | remind that skeptical piece of me that it's an idiot and that
       | every human alive is wildly fragile to any number of elements and
       | chemicals.
       | 
       | ------
       | 
       | Onto the article, if I ran a production software system, I'd be
       | collecting data on the health of all my servers.
       | 
       | If I ran a country, I'd collect health data on all my towns
       | (perhaps blood tests of 1% of the population each year).
       | 
       | Of course in malfunctioning environments, measurement is scary to
       | leaders because it can give evidence that they aren't doing their
       | job.
        
         | jasonjayr wrote:
         | Public Health agencies (at least in the US) collecting data
         | about residents is a thing. People just get a little touchy
         | about government programs collecting all this data ...
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | What? Public health agencies are "goverment programs."
           | 
           | Also: corporations lobby against funding / legislation /
           | regulation for public health data collection - and then tell
           | conservative voters it's about "their privacy."
           | 
           | Meanwhile, corporate America is selling literally every scrap
           | of data it can to each other, LexisNexis, Palantir...
           | 
           | It's not just other corporations buying up that commercially
           | available data; it's intelligence agencies and law
           | enforcement, too.
        
             | jasonjayr wrote:
             | Yes -- I wasn't implying that public health organzations !=
             | government.
             | 
             | And I know that (at least they're supposed to) government
             | collected data has strict policies on handling + processing
             | it, where as commercially available data is more "loosy-
             | goosey". (Which, government has learned they can also use
             | with little more than a polite word)
        
         | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
         | Well as they say, an entire human body is just
         | 
         | > Water (35 L), Carbon (20 kg), Ammonia (4 L), Lime (1.5 kg),
         | Phosphorous (800 g), Salt (250 g), Saltpeter (100 g), Sulfur
         | (80 g), Fluorine (7.5 g), Iron (5 g), Silicon (3 g) and trace
         | amounts of fifteen other elements.
         | 
         | (The amounts are off somewhat but you get the idea)
        
           | sva_ wrote:
           | You got the recipe instructions or just ingredients?
        
             | bloopernova wrote:
             | 1: Place 10e9 x ingredients on surface of habitable zone
             | planet around young star.
             | 
             | 2: Agitate water via tidal action, allow small amounts to
             | dry and flood multiple times.
             | 
             | 3: Add sunlight and electrical storms.
             | 
             | 4: Wait 4 billion years.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | You heathens do things so slowly. It takes a week and
               | someone needs to find the apple snake. /s
        
               | bloopernova wrote:
               | For a given value of "week" ;)
        
               | endemic wrote:
               | You jest, but sometimes I wonder which is more likely.
        
           | wcoenen wrote:
           | This list is a mix of chemical substances (e.g. water),
           | categories of substances (e.g. salt) and elements (e.g.
           | carbon), so it doesn't really make sense. It would make more
           | sense to stick to elements, e.g. list hydrogen and oxygen
           | instead of water.
           | 
           | Also, ammonia is very toxic and only exists in trace amounts
           | in the body.
           | 
           | Apparently it's a quote from the manga series Fullmetal
           | alchemist.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | This. But _compared to the fluorine_ , ammonia is not
             | particularly toxic.
        
           | Nouser76 wrote:
           | This leaves out the fact that attempting to make a human out
           | of these just results in an abomination (and the ability to
           | do alchemy without a transmutation circle).
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Well yes and a processor is just a bunch of sand. It's the
           | state and arrangement that matters.
        
             | card_zero wrote:
             | Bags of mostly water, poking at rectangles of sand ...
             | decorated with a bunch of information.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Ugly giant bags of mostly water!
        
         | Horffupolde wrote:
         | Wait until your realize botulinum toxin has an LD50 of just 3
         | ng/kg.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | And that the spores are _everywhere_.
        
         | umvi wrote:
         | > It's really scary how a tiny amount of a mineral can
         | permanently damage the human mind.
         | 
         | It's scary how certain things in tiny amounts can have huge
         | effects on humans:
         | 
         | - ricin (1mg or less can be lethal)
         | 
         | - insulin (.05 mL can easily put you in a coma if you don't eat
         | enough sugar to cancel it out)
         | 
         | - countless other toxins, poisons, chemical compounds
         | 
         | - viruses or bacteria since they can multiply might be smallest
         | things of all that can hurt humans
         | 
         | Also related: how much energy is stored in tiny amounts of
         | matter. When fission bombs go off, only a tiny amount of matter
         | is converted to pure energy.
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | I know this always ventures into conspiracy territory, but this
         | connection with aluminum's affect on the brain is one of the
         | most contentious issues around the topic of autism.
         | 
         | People have been asking for studies for over a decade and it's
         | been crickets.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > If I ran a country, I'd collect health data on all my towns
         | (perhaps blood tests of 1% of the population each year).
         | 
         | And maybe flag 0.1% of your population for _lots_ of medical
         | testing, for their whole lives. Partly to catch unsuspected
         | stuff, partly to have really solid baseline statistics.
         | 
         | And if some of those those tests are widely know to be less-
         | than-pleasant (bone marrow sampling, colonoscopy, etc.), and
         | the busybodies & hypochondriacs find it easy to get on "the
         | list" - that may increase citizen satisfaction with your heath
         | care system. Both in those with more-is-better mindsets, and
         | those too quick to imagine that the forbidden fruit is sweeter.
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | >and the busybodies & hypochondriacs find it easy to get on
           | "the list"
           | 
           | If it's not a random sampling, is not nearly as useful.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | True-ish. But:
             | 
             | - You're free to keep track of how each person ended up on
             | the list
             | 
             | - Your supply of "random volunteers" for life-long medical
             | testing may be limited
             | 
             | - The costs/benefits of being a health busybody or
             | hypochondriac, in the context of a wide variety of diseases
             | and maladies, is itself worth study
             | 
             | - At the "I run a country" level, ensuring long-term
             | political support for good healthcare is as important as
             | ensuring that your current healthcare system is good.
        
         | nashashmi wrote:
         | Actually considering how functional humans can be with a little
         | lead, we are quite robust.
         | 
         | I wonder why lead causes brain problems. I think it's because
         | lead in the brain affects electrons and neurons. Maybe lead is
         | magnetic?
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | No, Lead is not magnetic to any significant degree.
           | 
           | What happens is that calcium is very important for your
           | neurons to operate and signal each-other, and lead happens to
           | be "close enough" that is competes/interferes with those
           | mechanisms, gumming things up permanently.
           | 
           | This causes the cells and their connections to wither and
           | die, or to fail to form properly at all.
           | 
           | https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/deadly-biology-
           | lead-...
        
       | seattle_spring wrote:
       | Sparrow in the lead mine, if it were
        
       | nanomonkey wrote:
       | Anyone know a simple method of testing for lead in food? Say a
       | wet chemistry method?
       | 
       | I live in California, and I've noticed that everything has a CA
       | Proposition 65 warning label. When I look into it it's generally
       | lead that has bioaccumulated in the plant. What I can't find is
       | how much or how widespread it is in the food.
        
         | Cordiali wrote:
         | There's test swabs for leaded paint, but I don't know if they'd
         | be sensitive enough for food. At least where I live, they're
         | pretty cheap, so it could be an interesting experiment.
         | 
         | I remember seeing an article a while ago, where some local
         | councils here specifically recommended building raised garden
         | beds for veggie gardens. They apparently found, that in
         | cities/towns older than about a hundred years, the risk of soil
         | contamination can be pretty high, the main suspects being lead
         | and arsenic. Raised garden beds is an easy way of eliminating
         | that risk.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | _> I remember seeing an article a while ago, where some local
           | councils here specifically recommended building raised garden
           | beds for veggie gardens. They apparently found, that in
           | cities /towns older than about a hundred years, the risk of
           | soil contamination can be pretty high, the main suspects
           | being lead and arsenic. Raised garden beds is an easy way of
           | eliminating that risk._
           | 
           | I'd recommend raised beds to anyone who lives in a suburb or
           | city that's even a few decades old. The particulates and oils
           | washing off the street and down roof shingles alone
           | introduces plenty of contamination. Very rainy regions like
           | the Pacific Northwest have to build rain gardens [1]
           | everywhere to filter out baseline levels of suburban
           | pollution, otherwise their water gets really bad.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_garden
        
           | nanomonkey wrote:
           | Yeah, City Slickers in Oakland stopped testing the soil and
           | just told everyone that they should use raised beds. Problem
           | is that there are so many fruit trees and self starting
           | plants that I want to eat (I'm looking at you collards), but
           | I'd like to know what I'm getting into.
           | 
           | Also I've read that sunflowers are really good at pulling up
           | heavy metals, and all of the bags that I purchase have
           | warning labels on them. I'm curious if this is a real
           | concern!
        
         | speed_spread wrote:
         | Rice is good at sucking up heavy metals from the ground.
         | American rice fields often occupy old cotton fields where lead
         | products were used as insecticide.
        
         | pomian wrote:
         | Those test swabs work quite well. They are designed to test
         | ceramics, clay etc. You can find them in pottery supply stores.
         | If trying on food,I would soak or boil that food to reduce
         | water and thereby increase concentration if there is any. You
         | could add lemon to the water, as acids (vinegar for example)
         | help extract metals. The problem is you don't get an actual
         | number, just over a certain limit. I think it might be 50 ppm.
         | But it's been twenty years, so please check that number.
         | Alternative is to send to a lab, ask for a 32 element icp.
         | Should cost between 50-150$, especially if you state you don't
         | need chain of custody proof. You will get 32 elements. Which is
         | fun. (Can even look for gold, but that's extra $ testing.)
         | 
         | Lead naturally occurs in the environment, depending where, in
         | the world you are, from 2 to 20 even UpTo 50 ppm.
         | Industrial/commercial sites are common to have up to 150ppm.
         | Contaminated toxic sites way over that, over a thousand. We
         | could go on. But the swabs work as a starting point.
        
         | nanomonkey wrote:
         | To answer my own question: potassium rhodizonate mixed with
         | glacial vinegar creates a visual test for lead.
         | 
         | I assume that I could grind up the food, test the slurry and
         | then maybe do a more in depth test involving putting the food
         | in a kiln and testing the ash for lead (assuming you use temps
         | low enough to not vaporize the lead, below 1750C).
        
       | KennyBlanken wrote:
       | Lead poisoning is quite common in suburban and urban areas, when
       | houses / buildings are demolished. There's a huge plume of lead
       | and asbestos dust that is generated, even if the contractor is
       | making some effort to wet the site.
       | 
       | If a building or home in your area is being demolished? Don't
       | open your windows, and don't go outside without a well-fitting
       | dust mask. _Never_ attend a building demolition event.
       | 
       | Contractors and developers are _supposed_ to take measures and
       | inform local government... _if_ they 're stupid enough to inspect
       | for lead / asbestos before construction _and_ declare that they
       | 're doing asbestos / lead abatement. Every piece of regulation
       | and law I've found uses a very fascinating phrasing - you're
       | required to do things _if conducting abatement_.
       | 
       | Many states go further and exempt anything under a dozen or two
       | units or commercial buildings. It's an absolute shitshow.
        
         | cybersandwich wrote:
         | >if they are stupid enough to inspect
         | 
         | That's sadly true. There is no requirement to test; there is
         | only a requirement to abate if you know its there.
         | 
         | A friend of mine had a contractor say "those look like asbestos
         | tiles, but you havne't tested them right ;) ;) ? If I dont know
         | they are asbestos I can do this job for $X. Otherwise it will
         | be $X + $5K so I can do abatement"
        
       | smeagull wrote:
       | People consider Sparrows pests?
        
         | PlunderBunny wrote:
         | It's strange, isn't it? I love them.
        
         | yareally wrote:
         | There are many kinds of sparrows, but the one people usually
         | refer to as a pest is the Eurasian House Sparrow. Can be found
         | on 6 continents, reproduces quickly, and are gregarious (most
         | other sparrows don't live in groups).
         | 
         | I find their antics to be interesting, but they're aggressive
         | to other birds, especially for nesting sites (and they'll nest
         | anywhere, unlike many of the birds they compete with).
        
       | nineteen999 wrote:
       | Tangentially, a bunch of movies have been filmed in and around
       | Broken Hill[1], including Mad Max 2 and 4, Mission Impossible 2,
       | Priscilla: Queen of the Desert, Wake in Fright, and my personal
       | favourite cheesy Australian B-Movie, Razorback.
       | 
       | The landscape typically lends itself to that kind of dry post-
       | apocalyptic look, however shooting for Mad Max: Fury Road was
       | relocated to Namibia[2] as heavy rains had caused the area to
       | break out into bloom.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.brokenhill.nsw.gov.au/Services/Filming-in-
       | Broken...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/asset/99353-mad-m...
        
       | mattpallissard wrote:
       | Genuine question. Wouldn't it be more efficient to check the
       | levels of lead in the people periodically? If a sparrow has high
       | levels of lead then you still need to check the people.
       | 
       | It seems like it would be fewer steps, fewer tests, and less
       | messing around by making testing more available to the people.
        
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