[HN Gopher] I am starting an AI+Education company
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I am starting an AI+Education company
        
       Author : bilsbie
       Score  : 870 points
       Date   : 2024-07-16 17:57 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | treprinum wrote:
       | Cool! Does Eureka Labs/Andrej plan to offer grad/PhD-level
       | courses (or better) with similar topics to CS236, CS224N etc. in
       | the future as well?
        
       | juliushuijnk wrote:
       | Hope it will enable all of us to become not just smarter, but
       | also wiser :)
        
       | boyka wrote:
       | Can someone please provide the mentioned links? (For those
       | without X account)
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | https://xcancel.com/karpathy/status/1813263734707790301
        
       | MarcScott wrote:
       | I think teaching is one of the few roles that can't be replaced
       | by AI. If you're a self-motivated learner, eager to gain new
       | skills, then AI is perfect for you. Having a virtual Feynman
       | coach you through a Physics course is perfect.
       | 
       | Most learners, the world over, are not self-motivated. The
       | pandemic showed us exactly what children would prefer to do, when
       | they don't have a physical teacher standing over them, which is
       | bugger all. We send kids to school, in the hope they get some
       | education, but the reality is that we use schools for free
       | childcare while we work. If parents have to additionally monitor
       | their child's learning, it breaks down pretty quickly.
       | 
       | I see AI being more of a teaching assistant, rather than a
       | replacement for teachers. Having been in the education game for
       | over twenty five years, I know the difference in impact when
       | comparing virtual learning to in-person training.
        
         | ilaksh wrote:
         | AI certainly can't completely replace teachers, but the
         | potential gains for personal tutoring from SOTA LLMs still seem
         | enormous to me.
         | 
         | And I'm not trying to make a general argument against in person
         | training. But I think the details of how virtual learning
         | happens matters quite a lot. AI can make it much more
         | personalized and make tutoring relatively affordable. Don't you
         | think?
        
           | dinobones wrote:
           | AI has personally tutored me about obscure, deep linear
           | algebra concepts. It's so great to get applied examples and
           | be able to ask why/how something works, rather than reading a
           | stuffy Wikipedia article or math textbook.
           | 
           | It's been extremely effective for me, where reading a math
           | textbook/wikipedia article seemed like _too much effort_ ,
           | but a friendly conversation with my AI tutor was just fine.
        
             | brendoelfrendo wrote:
             | How can you bring yourself to trust the AI? Just yesterday
             | a friend and I asked Chat-GPT a physics question, and for
             | some reason his assistant asserted that the speed of light
             | was 3,000 m/s, which is off by two orders of magnitude. We
             | know that's wrong so we can tell the AI to do it again but
             | right this time, but if it was explaining a concept we
             | didn't already understand, I can't see how the output would
             | be any more meaningful than asking a random stranger and
             | trusting their response.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | Ever since the step(s) beyond ChatGPT 3.5 I haven't
               | noticed any huge errors like that, personally. Are you
               | sure you were on a new model?
               | 
               | Also, how can you trust anyone? People are wrong.
               | Teachers can be wrong. Web pages can be wrong. Books can
               | be wrong. I think LLMs will probably soon be the least
               | likely to be wrong out of any of those.
        
               | dinobones wrote:
               | Yeah exactly this, ChatGPT 4-o very rarely, if ever,
               | hallucinates.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | A very easy way to get basically _every_ current AI model
               | to hallucinate:
               | 
               | 1. Ask a highly non-trivial research question (in
               | particular from math)
               | 
               | 2. Ask the AI for paper and textbook references on the
               | topic
               | 
               | At this point, already many of these references could be
               | hallucinations.
               | 
               | 3. If necessary ask the AI where in these
               | papers/textbooks you can find explanations on the
               | questions, and/or on which aspect of the question or
               | research area the individual references focus.
        
               | Slyfox33 wrote:
               | I just asked chatgpt: "comparing 9.9 and 9.11, which is
               | larger?"
               | 
               | and it responded:
               | 
               | 9.11 is larger than 9.9.
               | 
               | When comparing these two numbers:                   9.9
               | can be written as 9.90 to have the same number of decimal
               | places.         9.11 remains 9.11.
               | 
               | Comparing digit by digit:                   The integer
               | part (9) is the same for both.         The first decimal
               | place (9 vs. 1): 9 is larger.         The second decimal
               | place (0 vs. 1): 1 is larger, which makes 9.11 larger
               | overall.
               | 
               | So, 9.11 > 9.9.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | He's an AI. He's biased towards sorting algorithms :-)
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | I should have put a big asterisk and mentioned that my
               | comment didn't apply to straight-up math.
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | How can you bring yourself to trust a human teacher?
               | Humans are wrong sometimes too, often with confidence.
               | 
               | The trick to learning effective timely (with both LLMs
               | and human teachers) is to recognize that you should learn
               | from more than one source. Think critically about the
               | information you are being exposed to - if something
               | doesn't quite feel right, check it elsewhere.
               | 
               | I genuinely believe that knowing that an information
               | source is occasionally unreliable can help you learn MORE
               | effectively, because it encourages you to think
               | critically about the material and explore beyond just a
               | single source of information.
               | 
               | I've been learning things with the assistance of LLMs for
               | nearly two years now. I often catch them making mistakes,
               | and yet I still find them really useful for learning.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | To your point... if you _trust_ anything, you already are
               | at a big disadvantage in learning. It 's the wrong
               | attitude.
        
               | camdenreslink wrote:
               | If you can't trust a teacher or a textbook, then you are
               | in big trouble. Especially if it is a brand new subject
               | to yourself where you don't have an intuition about what
               | is correct/incorrect. Part of a teacher/student
               | relationship is obviously trust.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | No, you aren't. You can listen to ideas and think about
               | them and attribute them to the sources and come to (or
               | not) your own conclusions.
               | 
               | The reason it's such a bad idea to "trust" the way you
               | are suggesting is that many fields are quackery. Do you
               | trust that fancy textbook and sophisticated sounding
               | professor from first year macroeconomics?
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > How can you bring yourself to trust a human teacher?
               | Humans are wrong sometimes too, often with confidence.
               | 
               | If humans/AIs are wrong about a topic (in particular
               | wrong in a confident way) multiple times, I _will_ stop
               | trusting them to be experts in the topic. What I
               | experienced is rather that many human experts in academia
               | tend to be honest when they are not sure about the
               | answer.
        
               | camdenreslink wrote:
               | The problem is that LLMs in their current state
               | confidently lie. They will tell you that 38 + 22 = 3822
               | without a shred of uncertainty.
               | 
               | If you are a 7 year old learning how to do arithmetic
               | with fractions, there is no way that will help you learn
               | more effectively.
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | Right, so don't use them if you are a seven year old.
               | LLM-assisted learning requires skill in learning.
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | A human understands what they're saying. If a human
               | teacher is working through a math problem and isn't sure
               | of their work, they're able to stop and correct their
               | mistake. An AI math teacher is trained on a corpus of
               | data - probably very similar to the data that the human
               | teacher was trained on, though I'm sure the AI was
               | trained on far more data than any single human ever was -
               | but can't do the introspective part. To put it another
               | way, I think we agree that humans learn better by
               | assessing multiple sources and thinking critically. An AI
               | is very good at the former, but very bad at the latter,
               | and I would rather have a teacher that can think
               | critically about what it is saying to me.
        
               | mecsred wrote:
               | Trust but verify. If you're doing your homework you
               | should be able to notice things not lining up and ask the
               | model about them. Human teachers can also make mistakes
               | (though usually less than an AI hopefully) and it's the
               | same process dealing with those.
               | 
               | In my opinion the best teachers just direct your
               | questions in the direction where the answers you find
               | give you the most useful information. I'm optimistic that
               | AI could be an improvement to the average for
               | scientifically minded learners, though I wouldn't expect
               | it to be more effective than a 1 on 1 with a good
               | teacher.
        
               | nathan11 wrote:
               | This problem isn't exclusive to current implementations
               | of AI.
               | 
               | I had a US business professor explain in one of my
               | business classes that making a bit more money might push
               | you over into the next tax bracket and cost you more in
               | taxes than you made.
               | 
               | This guy had a PhD, had been teaching for decades and
               | apparently didn't understand the marginal tax system.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | > I had a US business professor explain in one of my
               | business classes that making a bit more money might push
               | you over into the next tax bracket and cost you more in
               | taxes than you made.
               | 
               | He's not wrong. You are correct if you consider only
               | income taxes. But there are other tax benefits that lead
               | to discontinuities with respect to income.
               | 
               | As an example, in my state you can deduct up to $5000 of
               | contributions to a 529 plan if your income is under
               | $250K. Go a penny above that threshold, and you can
               | deduct only $2500. That extra penny just reduced your
               | refund by a few hundred dollars.
        
               | sensanaty wrote:
               | But he's not really wrong, either.
               | 
               | In the Netherlands we have a marginal tax rate, so every
               | Euro over X gets taxed 10%, everything over Y gets taxed
               | 15% etc. (simplified numbers obviously).
               | 
               | However, often times it's better to stay in the top of a
               | lower bracket because of tangentially-related benefits,
               | such as healthcare subsidies, rent subsidies and other
               | things like that. If you go from tax bracket 1 -> 2
               | because you get a 100 euro raise, sure you'll get 100
               | euros more (well, more like 95 but whatever), but you
               | also lose out on more than that in the form of a loss in
               | other benefits.
               | 
               | My partner went through this recently, she got a raise at
               | work, but as a result she actually lost the subsidized
               | rent money she got from the gov't. She had to request her
               | workplace lower her wage so she was under the limit,
               | because otherwise she couldn't have afforded rent on her
               | own, and if the raise was even 2 euros/hr higher, she
               | might've even been kicked out of her social housing
               | situation.
               | 
               | That's because the benefits aren't marginal, they work on
               | a hard cut-off limit. Anything over X amount and you're
               | just cut off, you're not gradually weened off it until
               | you're at a high enough income to not require gov't help.
        
               | gjm11 wrote:
               | Nitpick: Your number of orders of magnitude is off by a
               | (binary) order of magnitude.
               | 
               | The speed of light is about 300,000,000 m/s. (In fact
               | it's _exactly_ 299,792,458 m /s, because that's how the
               | metre is defined.) So 3,000 m/s is off by _five_
               | (decimal) orders of magnitude, not two.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | Counter nitpick: You can reduce any discrepancy to two
               | orders of magnitude by changing your base :-)
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | Ha! Here I am complaining about Chat-GPT's obviously
               | wrong answer and I get something so obviously wrong. Yes,
               | thank you for pointing that out.
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | I also asked GPT-4 some very basic questions about
               | modular arithmetic the other day, which it got
               | confidently -- and very badly -- wrong.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | A likely truth no one wants talk about : LLMs will only
             | help people who want to learn. Those people are likely
             | already in very good shape in life. The amount of help from
             | LLMs is likely very high for such people - as you note the
             | ability to have a back and forth is very helpful.
             | 
             | For 99% of the population, they aren't going to do this. It
             | is what it is.
        
             | xanderlewis wrote:
             | > obscure, deep linear algebra concepts
             | 
             | Could you give some examples?
        
           | eldaisfish wrote:
           | A major part of the learning process is your peers. Learning
           | is groups has benefits especially when you can bounce ideas
           | off other humans.
           | 
           | You cannot replace that with a machine.
        
             | ilaksh wrote:
             | Gotcha. So I guess the question is, can an AI run a Zoom
             | meeting or interactive multiplayer learning game with a
             | bunch of kids on it? Have to admit that might be a stretch.
        
         | onemoresoop wrote:
         | AI can augment teachers though.
        
           | surfingdino wrote:
           | How?
        
         | OmarShehata wrote:
         | > Most learners, the world over, are not self-motivated
         | 
         | this seems like a bizarre conclusion. In my experience, most
         | people, the world over, are in fact self motivated. You won't
         | see that if you have a very narrow definition of what is it
         | that they're supposed to be learning
         | 
         | kids aren't motivated to do boring math drills, because they
         | don't see why it matters to their life (the real answer is: it
         | does not, they are not wrong).
         | 
         | I appreciated hearing this echoed by Conrad Wolfram in a recent
         | PIMA episode: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/why-do-we-still-
         | teach-peopl...
        
           | sillysaurusx wrote:
           | I think it might be worth considering whether you've had a
           | privileged upbringing. Thinking back on it, the majority of
           | people probably would have been content to play games all
           | day. You could argue that that's learning, but unfortunately
           | it's not the kind of learning that society tends to reward.
           | 
           | I've heard that kids in upper middle class circles are
           | totally different in this regard though. Maybe they want to
           | do more on average.
        
             | pigscantfly wrote:
             | I think this perspective is belied by the vast over-
             | subscription of free public education in places where it
             | has previously been paid only[1] (at this point, mainly in
             | Africa). It does seem like there is strong evidence that
             | most children and parents recognize the value of education
             | and are self-motivated to pursue it where it is accessible
             | to them. I believe it follows that lowering cost and
             | barriers to quality education will improve outcomes without
             | a need to otherwise coerce participation.
             | 
             | [1] See, most recently, Zambia
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Not really. In my experience it is mostly effect of
               | socio-legal pressure that kids can't be anywhere but
               | school. In primary schools most kids are bored or
               | miserable as hell while in school. And further parents
               | keep pushing it because apparently _education is key to
               | future success / great career_.
               | 
               | For higher education there is charade of education to get
               | jobs. So for office manager job where grade 8 would be
               | enough, we have MBAs now because we all need advanced
               | education to survive in global economy blah..blah.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > For higher education there is charade of education to
               | get jobs. So for office manager job where grade 8 would
               | be enough, we have MBAs now because we all need advanced
               | education to survive in global economy blah..blah.
               | 
               | This would actually be a good business opportunity: hire
               | such "grade 8 educated" people as office managers, but
               | pay them much less than MBAs. If they are nearly as good
               | as MBAs, you save a lot of money on this group of
               | employees, and thus your company has a strong economic
               | advantage.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > hire such "grade 8 educated" people as office managers,
               | but pay them much less than MBAs.
               | 
               | The trouble is it's performance all the way up and down.
               | In the first place you're only going to get the weirdos /
               | extreme gamblers, and then you'll struggle to attract
               | investors, your clients/suppliers will wonder why your
               | business development folks missed their classical
               | references...
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > In the first place you're only going to get the weirdos
               | 
               | You will (hopefully) nevertheless check whether an
               | applicant has the necessary traits to be a decent office
               | manager. On the other hand, I wouldn't claim that weirdos
               | are necessarily bad office managers.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Yeah if anything, current education system is so garbage that
           | it manages to completely demotivate curious kids who want to
           | genuinely learn. It's designed around adults that need to run
           | the place, runs at the wrong pace for most students and
           | focuses on PTSD-inducing high anxiety testing constantly
           | because it's easy to do for the teachers. Not to mention
           | piles of pointless busywork as homework that's been proven to
           | not help with learning at all.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | I'm curious - have you ever taught in a public school?
        
           | abdullahkhalids wrote:
           | > kids aren't motivated to do boring math drills, because
           | they don't see why it matters to their life (the real answer
           | is: it does not, they are not wrong).
           | 
           | Most kid athletes are also not self-motivated to run laps, or
           | do boring repetitive drills, when they know from experience
           | that these activities help them win games within the next few
           | months. Usually need a coach to force them to do them. Same
           | for young music players. Practicing scales endlessly does
           | make you a better musician. But they won't do it till forced.
           | 
           | The primary reason kids don't like running laps or playing
           | scales or doing math drills is because they are boring.
        
             | nsagent wrote:
             | Reminds me of a recent podcast with Stasa Gejo [1], a top
             | competition climber. She basically says the same thing. At
             | times she hated being told to do drills growing up, but
             | really valued that later because as a kid she sometimes
             | didn't feel like doing the hard work necessary for the
             | outcomes she desired.
             | 
             | [1]: https://youtube.com/watch?v=hg4jPdMnPyE&t=995
        
             | seabass-labrax wrote:
             | > Practicing scales endlessly does make you a better
             | musician. But they won't do it till forced.
             | 
             | The value of such exercises, or any other drill-based
             | curriculum, must be measured with its opportunity cost. If
             | you practise scales for an hour a day, you can indeed
             | reliably expect to be better at your musical instrument,
             | but it could very well be that the same hour spent on
             | improving another skill (sight-reading, articulation etc.)
             | would make you _considerably better still_ at your
             | instrument.
             | 
             | I think it might be more generally useful to say that, in
             | order to develop well-rounded competency in a given field,
             | one should expect to _sometimes_ have to perform boring
             | drills.
        
           | choppaface wrote:
           | Feedback is a critical part of education as well as
           | motivation for learning. But the act of giving feedback is
           | very hard to scale, even for virtual learning. Enter an LLM
           | chatbot, which is imperfect but can fill a lot of gaps in
           | expectation. Chatbots certainly aren't for everybody, but the
           | large gains in accuracy in years past make them on average
           | more effective.
        
           | ugh123 wrote:
           | >kids aren't motivated to do boring math drills, because they
           | don't see why it matters to their life (the real answer is:
           | it does not, they are not wrong).
           | 
           | I think you are partially right in that the dryness of much
           | of math teaching hides a lot of the underlying material's
           | applicability to life. I think one thing AI could do is help
           | design rich situational lessons that could are prompted,
           | vetted, and updated by teachers and then taught to the class.
           | It could be trivial to create incremental difficulty of
           | problem materials tailored to each student's progress and
           | goal.
        
           | MarcScott wrote:
           | > In my experience, most people, the world over, are in fact
           | self motivated.
           | 
           | In your experience? The world over? Can you tell me your
           | experience. I've been a teacher for a long time. I've worked
           | in the UK, the USA, PNG, and Kenya.
           | 
           | The vast majority of kids in the developed world don't really
           | care about education. A few do, and they get great grades.
           | Most care more about social status, their cliques, or just
           | surviving the jungle that is school.
           | 
           | School is important. It teaches you how to deal with other
           | people. It teaches you how to deal with people in authority.
           | You can't get that at home, in front of a screen. Learning
           | stuff is secondary. I'm sure there are plenty of people here
           | that are not working in whatever they majored at.
        
             | elliotbnvl wrote:
             | Learning stuff is secondary? Found your problem.
             | 
             | School shouldn't be primarily about experiencing social
             | interaction. It's an artificial environment that disappears
             | as soon as you graduate, and which you'll never find again
             | anywhere else in society. You can learn social interaction
             | in plenty of other settings, most of which are vastly more
             | efficient and realistic. Admittedly, none of them function
             | as daycare...
             | 
             | School _should be_ (and used to be) about learning to
             | learn, building mental discipline and a base of knowledge
             | sufficient to bootstrap whatever other studies appeal to
             | the student, even more so than memorizing a particular list
             | of facts. But it seems that that position has been largely
             | abandoned.
        
               | techostritch wrote:
               | This is circular, how do you propose making school about
               | that? If you're only goal is to maximize the folks who
               | like to obey authority then great, and maybe that's all
               | you care to do, and maybe you don't care about losing the
               | kids who don't have the academics to make it, but you
               | also lose a whole mess of kids at the top end of the
               | spectrum too.
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | I'm not sure which part of my comment would result in
               | maximizing folks who like to obey authority. I'm more
               | focused on improving individual outcomes in terms of
               | functional individuals, their quality of life, and the
               | contributions they're able to make to society as a whole.
               | 
               | In any case, we homeschool.
               | 
               | I haven't really considered how to improve schooling at
               | scale (particularly in an affordable way), but my
               | proposal would be to introduce a _lot_ more granularity
               | to schooling by eliminating the idea of grades and
               | classes and focusing more on individual assessment.
               | 
               | Obviously this is likely cost prohibitive, but perhaps
               | promoting and subsidizing homeschooling and homeschool
               | co-ops is a good start in that direction, and could give
               | rise to more cost-effective solutions over time. Not all
               | parents are equipped to homeschool, but homeschooling
               | does make use of resources which could be improved and
               | which others could leverage as well.
        
               | techostritch wrote:
               | I'm mixed, I definetly wouldn't home school my kids and
               | it doesn't seem scalable and I do think there's value in
               | a population having a shared identity from education,
               | but, at least from my own experience I suspect my kids
               | will have their most valuable academic opportunities
               | outside of school.
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | "You can learn social interaction in plenty of other
               | settings, most of which are vastly more efficient and
               | realistic."
               | 
               | What settings are those?
        
               | afarviral wrote:
               | Community gardens, sports, religious or interest groups,
               | collectives, contributing in a large household, early
               | work experience, hobbies/interests. It probably is a
               | fairly finite list because societies have optimized for
               | the individual and people are often only active within of
               | a community at work or in education facilities. So a part
               | of a solution in my view would be establishing more
               | communities that are separate from the family... they
               | might look a lot like schools though, so maybe we should
               | just focus on those? There's more need for new
               | communities to be established for other age ranges.
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | I pretty much agree 100%. We need more, smaller
               | communities - and we need them offline.
               | 
               | Notably, this is largely an American problem, since
               | America is built around cars, which given the capitalist
               | nature of American society proves to be antithetical to
               | establishing local communities.
               | 
               | European and other countries, whose layouts and culture
               | were established in pedestrian days, are much better off
               | in this regard.
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | How does being an employee differ so much from being a
               | student? You still get either good or bad grades for your
               | work. You do assignments, get rules and processes you
               | have to follow, play well with your fellow
               | students/colleagues, etc.
               | 
               | I would say it's quite similar.
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | I'm mostly talking about the rather artificial division
               | of students into grades of equal ages without taking into
               | account the individual's proclivities, abilities and
               | achievements. This separation is entirely contrary to
               | organic human self-organization (even in work places)
               | from a tribal perspective and results in a great deal of
               | social illnesses (bullying, cliques, etc.) that are,
               | although found elsewhere, exacerbated by the
               | artificiality of the group-making (which is necessary for
               | the public school model as it currently exists today to
               | function).
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | At age 12, kids get split up in groups according to their
               | abilities, no?
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | Not sure what you're referring to, tbh. Are you talking
               | about the occasional student being promoted or held back
               | a grade? If so, I would say that isn't a granular enough
               | separation to be meaningful.
        
               | camdenreslink wrote:
               | Probably talking about student tracking. It was
               | definitely a thing at my school.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_(education)
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | At least in Belgium, at 12, kids get divided into
               | different schools and systems. You can go into trades,
               | which expects you to be ready at 18 to go work as a
               | plumber, electrician, mechanic, secretary, cook, etc. Or
               | you go towards higher education and so get more focus on
               | math and/or languages. At 18 you are expected to not be
               | ready for the job market but study further.
               | 
               | For my own kids, you really see the differences at 11 to
               | become more profound in their classroom, where some are
               | running behind while others excel. So I saw that 12 is
               | indeed the age where a split is necessary.
               | 
               | You don't have that?
               | 
               | Edit: After some Wikipeding, I see you really don't have
               | that. Wow, that is crazy in my opinion. I have no clue
               | how you could ever organize those differences among
               | students. Here is the system of Belgium:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Belgium.
               | 
               | For example my daughter is 12 and she is in a class "STEM
               | and moderns languages". Very focussed on programming,
               | science, math, and they also get Dutch, French and
               | English. Some of her classmates at the end of the
               | schooyear had to switch because their grades weren't good
               | enough.
               | 
               | So in Belgium, there are even different schools for
               | different tracks.
        
               | lurker919 wrote:
               | That sounds so dystopian. What do kids even do at 12? How
               | can you ask them to decide the course of their life at
               | 12, generally they get segregated while choosing an
               | undergrad major around 16 right!
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | At 12, there are already big differences among them.
               | 
               | Let's divide it into kids that like to learn vs kids that
               | like to work with their hands. The 2nd group would learn
               | how to work with metal, wood, .... Way more practical
               | stuff, very little theory. The other group is the reverse
               | of course.
               | 
               | At 16, some kids are really tired of sitting in a
               | classroom. For example plumber track would have these 16
               | year olds already doing an internship with real plumbers.
               | At 18 they can start their own company already.
               | 
               | It's also no secret that a 16 year old in Belgium learns
               | math that in US you would only see at higher education.
               | 
               | I think it works great, and what I saw with my 2 oldest
               | is that last year when they are all still together at age
               | 11, the learning differences really start to show. It's
               | neither fun for the smart ones nor for the slower ones.
        
               | goldfishgold wrote:
               | Definitely not everywhere.
        
               | hackinthebochs wrote:
               | Work environments tend to be class sorted. You also have
               | recourse to handle people who behave horribly towards
               | you. Disruptors are removed. Everyone is generally
               | aligned towards the same goal. The two are vastly
               | different.
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | Anyone who hits someone, says truly horrible shit about
               | others, doesn't do the job at all, constantly distracts
               | others while doing a poor job themselves, blatantly
               | sexually harasses people, et c, is highly likely to get
               | fired from a job, and may go to prison.
               | 
               | The same person as a student, gets tons of chances before
               | _maybe_ having to leave. Depending on what they're doing,
               | you could just be stuck with them for north of a decade.
               | No escape.
               | 
               | I mean, we can joke about how actually such people still
               | exist at work, but it's a far less widespread problem and
               | manifests differently.
               | 
               | You can look for other jobs if you want out of a bad work
               | environment. Probably, you'll be able to find somewhere
               | else to go. Getting out of a bad class is way harder.
               | 
               | There's a couple huge differences.
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | As discussed in another thread already, it seems my own
               | Belgian system differs very much from the US system. (I
               | basically found out with this discussion :D)
               | 
               | And to be honest, I have no idea how you can make the US
               | system work, so I probably agree with you. Come to
               | Belgium and let your kids study here :D.
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | I had no idea that Belgium has already implemented a lot
               | of this stuff! That is amazing and gives me a lot of
               | hope.
               | 
               | I wonder if there's literature analyzing Belgian academic
               | outcomes alongside American academic outcomes.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Actually, until the mid 20th century almost everyone
               | agreed that school was about building character, which
               | can only be done in a social environment. As a British
               | government report put it in 1846, schools should be "a
               | little artificial world of virtuous exertion".
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | I believe we agree? Character and mental discipline are
               | closely aligned, perhaps even the same.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Character was specifically moral character, which is
               | related to how you interact with others.
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | Mmh, I have to read more about this, I'm not really
               | familiar with British schooling models of the 19th
               | century.
               | 
               | In any case, the problematic schooling model that
               | persists to this day was introduced around the time of
               | the Industrial Revolution, which predates your
               | references.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | I don't think the schooling of that period was the same
               | as the schooling of today in all regards.
               | 
               | You could read more in my book:
               | https://www.wyclifsdust.com.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | Learning stuff is 100% secondary. If it wasn't these two
               | below would have same-ish chances in life/career.
               | 
               | Student A: Went to College X and majored in Y. Finished
               | all XXX number of credits and graduated with Bachelor's
               | Degree
               | 
               | Student B: Went to same College X and majored in same Y.
               | Finished all XXX-1 number of credits so is 1 credit short
               | and never got a degree.
               | 
               | Student B is worthless even though she/he learned exactly
               | the same thing as Student A. School (especially in USA)
               | never was and never will be about learning ...
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | I agree that learning is secondary in practice, but in
               | theory is the whole point of school, and society would be
               | a lot better off if we managed to draw theory and
               | practice closer together.
               | 
               | In your example, I would argue you haven't taken my
               | position to its required logical extent. I don't believe
               | in the value of college degrees at all, the way things
               | are currently structured, and I would discourage my kids
               | from going to college unless they had a very specific
               | career path in mind for which the degree is required. The
               | measurement of learning has become the goal of learning,
               | unfortunately.
        
               | ozim wrote:
               | Yes teaching how to learn is the way for schools, but it
               | is hard to explain to kids and lots of adults.
               | 
               | Just a nitpick that school enforcing memorizing
               | particular list of facts or memorizing poems - is indeed
               | teaching people how to learn, because how else will you
               | explain to a child or an adult "hey you know if you read
               | this thing 10 times and then try to repeat it another 20
               | times from memory - guess what !!! that is one trick to
               | learn to memorize something."
               | 
               | But if they spend time on finding out how to memorize
               | hand picked for them stuff and how to perform on exams on
               | limited and picked topics - that sounds like they will be
               | able to learn anything but still too many don't realize
               | what the real lesson there is.
        
               | danenania wrote:
               | If the goal is learning how to memorize, I think it would
               | be better to have specific courses or lessons on
               | memorization rather than making all the subjects
               | needlessly boring and stressful just for the sake of
               | learning memorization techniques.
               | 
               | Knowing how to memorize is occasionally useful depending
               | on one's profession, but I don't think it deserves such a
               | heavy emphasis. People naturally remember what is
               | interesting and useful to them. Force-feeding facts or
               | dates or speeches or poems into memory is not fun and has
               | very little educational value. That time and energy would
               | be much better spent on projects that use and integrate
               | the knowledge.
        
               | walledstance wrote:
               | "It's an artificial environment that disappears as soon
               | as you graduate, and which you'll never find again
               | anywhere else in society."
               | 
               | Whoa there, society functions like a school environment.
               | 
               | You have cliches, bullies, enforcers, popular kids, the
               | weirdos, etc.
               | 
               | What are our political parties other than massive
               | cliches?
               | 
               | Bullies you can meet on the road, in stores, and nearly
               | any other place you go.
               | 
               | Enforcers are police, detention centers, and fines.
               | 
               | Popular kids you need look no further than influencers,
               | movie stares, etc.
               | 
               | The weirdos are anyone that doesn't fit into our cliches.
               | 
               | Also, Foucault would have a few words with you as society
               | is also an artificial environment.
               | 
               | The drama of daily life that plays out just happens in a
               | larger more chaotic scale, but when we left highschool,
               | highschool never left us.
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | I won't contest you entirely, but I do ask this: if
               | society functions like a school environment, why do we
               | need a school environment to learn social interaction? It
               | seems at best a secondary or tertiary benefit of a
               | structure that should primarily be focused on
               | intellectual learning. It's a facsimile of the real
               | world, and facsimiles are always lacking.
               | 
               | Also, I think the biggest thing that present in school
               | environments but missing from other environments is the
               | forced segregation by age range, which prevents the more
               | organic tribal self-organizational practices to which
               | humans have adapted over tens or hundreds of thousands of
               | years.
               | 
               | And I would also add that there are degrees of
               | artificiality and what really matters is not so much
               | whether we have constructed our environments so much as
               | whether or not they have stood the test of time, and
               | adapted to us as much as we've adapted to them.
        
             | afarviral wrote:
             | I mean ... many people went to school as students for a
             | good 12 years. That's likely tainted experience, less
             | objective perhaps, but nontheless valid experience.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Those same people will say "I wish school taught me <X>
               | (things like how to fill out a check book etc"
               | 
               | It did. You didn't pay attention. You want school to
               | teach media literacy? It did, but you complained the
               | whole time "when are we going to use this?". My school
               | taught us how to interpret a "source", how to write well
               | defended arguments (even if I don't always rise to that
               | level), how to calculate mortgage interest rates and
               | payments etc etc etc.
               | 
               | But people will swear up and down "school doesn't teach
               | anything important"
               | 
               |  _because they didn 't pay attention to what was taught!_
               | 
               | The primary problem with education in america today is
               | that a huge proportion of parents do not give a fuck
               | about education, see school as just a thing you have to
               | do instead of a constant opportunity. When a kid sees
               | their parent complaining about education being "Liberal
               | brain washing" every other day, why would they pay
               | attention in class?
               | 
               | Education requires emotional and ideological buy in from
               | parents and students for best results.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > It did. You didn't pay attention.
               | 
               | It didn't. I specifically remember the hole where my
               | class should've explained what a court case actually
               | determines, how the process runs, because I noticed
               | things were missing / being swept under the carpet (we
               | did some mock jury stuff but without the right context
               | for it to teach us anything).
               | 
               | > You want school to teach media literacy? It did, but
               | you complained the whole time "when are we going to use
               | this?"
               | 
               | Nope. I specifically remember watching movie "making of"
               | videos and my teacher saying "write this down!" about
               | irrelevant technical details that distracted from the
               | more important stuff the director was saying.
               | 
               | > But people will swear up and down "school doesn't teach
               | anything important"
               | 
               | > because they didn't pay attention to what was taught!
               | 
               | Nope. I was an engaged, attentive student (indeed a kind
               | of star pupil). I still learnt more in spite of school
               | than because of it. Indeed some of the stuff that's most
               | important for my education and career is stuff I was
               | actively punished for doing at school (poking at the
               | computers to see how they worked). Schools, at least the
               | standard-ish state school that I went to (which had good
               | official ratings) teach the wrong things and teach them
               | badly.
        
               | afarviral wrote:
               | While I'm thankful for schooling for teaching me a
               | variety of things, occasionally recognizing my passions
               | and helping to hone them, it is amusing the disruptive
               | and annoying things I did with the school computers that
               | ultimately became my carreer.
        
               | afarviral wrote:
               | Agreed. There's a really specific form of nostalgia where
               | a matured and adhd-managed person would simply LOVE to do
               | school over again now they see the benefit and realise
               | how absolutely fascinating and achievable learning is.
               | Imagine how easy school would be for a mature adult! I
               | wish being held back a couple of years was normal and
               | encouraged, especially for boys. My life satisfaction
               | would be way higher.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | If I made be jaded here. I did extremely well in school(s).
             | I was never a trouble maker and was a top athlete, student,
             | and musician. I think education is supremely important.
             | However, school didn't teach me any of what you mentioned.
             | Because what life teaches is that unless you're Type A,
             | you're not going anywhere. Life teaches that hard work and
             | determination and doing the right things does not get you
             | anywhere. Life teaches you that thinking differently is
             | downright discouraged and rejected.
             | 
             | We mainly teach either boring material or outright lies
             | about how life works. Because we try to put our education
             | on rails, teaching students that that's how life and
             | education works, that's why it's a complete failure. The
             | fact that students in COVID didn't respond to remote
             | lessons is partly because they weren't even engaged prior
             | to COVID.
             | 
             | We don't teach students how to be present, to know nature,
             | how to explore their thoughts and emotions, or how to
             | collaborate.
        
               | glial wrote:
               | > We don't teach students how to be present, to know
               | nature, how to explore their thoughts and emotions, or
               | how to collaborate.
               | 
               | Montessori schools do. Wish they were more common.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > Can you tell me your experience. I've been a teacher for
             | a long time.
             | 
             | And as a result, your experience is mostly limited to kids
             | who are forced to be where they don't want to be. That's a
             | hugely biased data set.
             | 
             | > School is important. It teaches you how to deal with
             | other people. It teaches you how to deal with people in
             | authority.
             | 
             | And yet it does a worse job at it than those who are home
             | schooled, as most studies show.
        
           | TrainedMonkey wrote:
           | > the real answer is: it does not, they are not wrong
           | 
           | The real real answer is that it probably does, but on a much
           | longer timescale that we generally consider and it is really
           | hard to explain why. Something like better math skills lead
           | to better life outcomes. Maybe due to a better model of the
           | world and sharper thinking, but I am just guessing.
        
             | elliotbnvl wrote:
             | I would tend to agree with your last (speculative) point.
             | The breakdown lies in communicating this to students and
             | ensuring that each student receives adequate support at
             | their own pace and style of learning.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | What is a disproportionate amount of people are claiming
               | to require a slower pace and visual-only learning style?
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | They very well may! Unfortunately, since our approach to
               | teaching how to learn is flawed to the core, it results
               | in peoples' ability to learn being compromised from the
               | very beginning, requiring them to build their knowledge
               | base and learning approach on shaky foundations.
               | 
               | The way to correct this is by imbuing students with the
               | confidence and skills required to learn (according to
               | their style of learning) correctly from the very
               | beginning, so that they build on solid foundations
               | instead.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | I guess what I'm saying is that the whole learning styles
               | stuff seems to be bunk.
        
           | koonsolo wrote:
           | > In my experience
           | 
           | So you are a teacher?
        
           | skhunted wrote:
           | There is evidence that a person's ability to understand and
           | succeed in algebra is mostly determined by whether or not
           | they can do arithmetic with fractions. Number sense is
           | important in my opinion. Relying always on the calculator or
           | a CAS leaves students confused and befuddled. I see this all
           | the time in calc classes that I teach. The CAS loving
           | students just don't understand as well.
        
             | aleph_minus_one wrote:
             | > There is evidence that a person's ability to understand
             | and succeed in algebra is mostly determined by whether or
             | not they can do arithmetic with fractions. Number sense is
             | important in my opinion.
             | 
             | My opinion differs a lot here. I would not say that I have
             | a good number sense (I guess that people who have to do
             | "numeric calculations" or "back-of-the-envelope
             | calculations" as daily part of their job have a much better
             | number sense than me). On the other hand, I find it rather
             | easy to learn really abstract algebraic concepts (think
             | Grothendieck-style algebraic geometry or similarly abstract
             | mathematical topics), which many people (most of them with
             | much better number sense than me) tend to find insanely
             | difficult.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | The number sense I talk of is not being able to do
               | numerical calculations easily or in your head but rather
               | understanding how to operate with numbers and their
               | different representations. A person who can understand
               | algebraic geometry doesn't have trouble understanding
               | things like simplifying x + 5/3 x. People workout any
               | number sense have a hard time with this. Knowing that 8/3
               | is just a different way of writing 1+5/3 is confusing to
               | them.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | Textbooks about "abstract nonsense" rarely require you to
               | do such routine calculations/simplifications - they
               | rather require you to be capable of making sense of
               | definitions that are (at a first glance) insanely far
               | removed from anything you have seen in your real life: I
               | would rather liken it to taking strong, dangerous
               | hallucinogenic drugs, and making sense of the world that
               | you now see (which is something that only some people are
               | capable of); by the way: I don't understand why
               | hallucinogenic drugs are illegal, but textbooks about
               | very abstract math are not. :-D
               | 
               | On the other hand, textbooks about, say, analysis and
               | mathematical physics (both in a broader sense) - which
               | can also be very complicated - have a tendency to demand
               | a lot of (also long, tedious) "routine" calculations from
               | the reader (often to do by his own). For _these_ areas of
               | mathematics your argument surely makes sense.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | I studied commutative algebra in graduate school which is
               | an adjacent subject to algebraic geometry. People capable
               | of understanding Hartshorne have number sense.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | I just wrote down how _I_ feel about this topic.
               | 
               | Textbooks about particular areas, in particular specific
               | topics in physics (including mathematical physics), teach
               | me a lot about number sense (and let me feel that mine is
               | not really good or perhaps badly trained). On the other
               | hand, these very abstract topics feel like a quite
               | different activity _to me_ that is only barely related to
               | number sense.
               | 
               | > People capable of understanding Hartshorne have number
               | sense.
               | 
               | This can also be explained by the hypothesis that people
               | with a strong number sense love to feel themselves
               | challenged - thus they attempt to understand this
               | nontrivial textbook (even though understanding it may in
               | particular require different skills).
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | > There is evidence that a person's ability to understand
             | and succeed in algebra is mostly determined by whether or
             | not they can do arithmetic with fractions.
             | 
             | Evidence that it's causative? That would be utterly bizarre
             | and I'd love to see a citation, because doing algebra has
             | nothing to do with fractions. I'd think it's far more
             | likely that there's a strong correlation between the two
             | because they're both determined by the ability to
             | understand and follow the rules of an abstraction/notation
             | system, and if you taught people algebra first and then
             | fractions afterwards you'd say that ability to understand
             | fractions was determined by whether they could do algebra.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | Whether it is causative or not it is still the case that
               | someone who doesn't know fractions will have a hard time
               | in algebra. It would be bizarre to teach someone how to
               | add rational functions before they can add fractions.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > Whether it is causative or not it is still the case
               | that someone who doesn't know fractions will have a hard
               | time in algebra.
               | 
               | Doubt. Do you have any evidence at all for this claim?
               | 
               | > It would be bizarre to teach someone how to add
               | rational functions before they can add fractions.
               | 
               | Sure, rational functions obviously sit at the
               | intersection of algebra and fractions and require both.
               | But they're hardly some deep foundational piece of
               | algebra; I'm not sure my classes even covered them.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | _Do you have any evidence at all for this claim?_
               | 
               | Only anecdotal evidence. I've taught beginning algebra
               | courses at a community college for 23 years. Students who
               | don't know fractions have a very hard time in algebra.
               | Those who can't understand that x + 5/3 x is 8/3 x have a
               | hard time understanding that 2xy+ay is (2x + a)y.
               | 
               | Understanding rational functions helps to understand what
               | vertical asymptotes are and as such are a fundamental
               | source of examples when learning limits. They also aid in
               | understanding why tan(x) has vertical asymptotes where
               | cos is 0. Every complete algebra curriculum includes
               | rational functions. I say complete because algebra is
               | usually broken up into 3 courses (2 at the pre-college
               | level).
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > Those who can't understand that x + 5/3 x is 8/3 x have
               | a hard time understanding that 2xy+ay is (2x + a)y.
               | 
               | Sure - but that's just as true in reverse.
               | 
               | > Understanding rational functions helps to understand
               | what vertical asymptotes are and as such are a
               | fundamental source of examples when learning limits. They
               | also aid in understanding why tan(x) has vertical
               | asymptotes where cos is 0. Every complete algebra
               | curriculum includes rational functions.
               | 
               | Meh. x^-1 is a good example of some things, sure, but I
               | don't remember ever doing addition of rational functions
               | which is what you originally talked about, and I went
               | through an extremely reputable maths degree.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | You learned about rational functions in high school or
               | middle school (most likely given your use of "maths"). I
               | can tell you have very little experience with teaching.
               | Most students who know that x + 5/3 x is 8/3 x have
               | trouble, initially, with understanding that 2xy+ay is (2x
               | + a)y. There is a reason for the order in which topics
               | are taught.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > You learned about rational functions in high school or
               | middle school
               | 
               | No middle school, and I very much doubt it. Searching I
               | can see them mentioned in a further maths GCSE (which is
               | something most schools including the one I went to don't
               | offer, and rather suggests they're not on the regular
               | maths GCSE, which would match my memory).
               | 
               | > Most students who know that x + 5/3 x is 8/3 x have
               | trouble, initially, with understanding that 2xy+ay is (2x
               | + a)y.
               | 
               | Who know that first or who have been taught it? I
               | genuinely would like to see any actual evidence that the
               | latter is objectively more difficult than the former.
        
               | skhunted wrote:
               | I can tell you have very little experience with teaching.
               | But surely your thoughts on the topic must be on par or
               | superior to those with training and experience. My wife
               | is a doctor and lots of people like to tell her how the
               | body works and why she must be wrong. They think reading
               | a blog post on vaccines is equivalent to 4 years of med
               | school. The same phenomenon occurs in education. Lots of
               | people think that since they went to school they know
               | about teaching and how it should be done.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | I've heard you get the same phenomenon in chiropractic
               | and fortune-telling and wine-tasting. Not so much in
               | evidence-based fields thankfully.
        
           | trod123 wrote:
           | There are quite a number of experts who would disagree with
           | your conclusion.
           | 
           | Upon reaching a certain threshold of technological
           | dependence, the need for rational thought (which includes
           | calculation) is tied to the need for food. The actual yield
           | may be low based on other factors, but it is absolutely
           | necessary for survival.
           | 
           | The alternative you suggest, is where technology no longer
           | advances.
           | 
           | Logically then, population growth hits a malthusian trap, the
           | old crowd out the young since they have the most influence,
           | and then a depopulation occurs as the old naturally die off,
           | and replacement births cannot sustain those dependent systems
           | used to feed the masses.
           | 
           | You get a dragon-king event where everyone its a free for all
           | over food and bare necessities, farming no longer becomes
           | possible (because of looters), and the world order collapses
           | to pre-agrarian levels, assuming the environment isn't
           | destroyed in the chaos (i.e. MAD and Nuclear Fallout).
           | 
           | There are much better ways to calculate than are currently
           | taught in schools, Trachtenberg System and Vedic Maths have
           | worked well in many places.
           | 
           | Mental math has been around for quite some time, and the
           | principles of math are all about finding uncommon knowledge
           | or information that is not immediately apparent (though it
           | becomes so via various mathematical transformations).
           | 
           | The current pedagogy of math is all about sieving and
           | exclusion, and rote-authority based teaching, since it is a
           | requirement for any specialized area of science (and is only
           | taught in relation to mathematical concepts, instead of
           | intuitive approaches). This is why they adopted a burn-the-
           | bridge strategy right around trigonometry at the grade school
           | level (intended to cause PTSD/suffering/torture), to
           | safeguard against disruptive innovators at the source.
           | 
           | Algebra -> Geometry -> Trig
           | 
           | 1 -> 2 -> 3
           | 
           | What do you suppose happens when the passing grading criteria
           | in 1 is changed from just following the process (but not
           | correct answer) to 2 (separate unrelated material which is
           | passed) to 3 (correct process and correct answer).
           | 
           | If they fail Trig, and the problems are from Algebra (not
           | something a teacher paid bupkiss will bother to look at), how
           | do they go back if they passed Geometry? The students not
           | knowing why they are failing are simply told, well you maybe
           | you are just not good at math and should consider other paths
           | if you can't do it.
           | 
           | This structure is called burning the bridge because it makes
           | it so you can't go back from a progression standpoint.
           | Ironically, this structure was adopted at the request of
           | representatives from the National Teachers Union in the late
           | 80s/90s, and largely remains the same today.
           | 
           | There are several other progression sieves embedded in
           | academia intended to make it almost impossible for us as a
           | society to develop a large number of creative people who
           | reach einstein-level achievements in math and science
           | (outside-self study, or specific environments/private
           | schools).
           | 
           | This broad push largely started in the 1970s in publishing,
           | and expanded from there.
        
         | zulban wrote:
         | I imagine a world where a 19 year old takes a few courses in
         | first aid, child psychology basics, and now they're a licensed
         | "class supervisor". They aren't university educated but the AI
         | is what offers personalized learning and expertise to the
         | students.
         | 
         | Most teachers today aren't experts anyway, we just pretend they
         | are. So I'm not sure "replaced by AI" is the right way to frame
         | the conversation. Instead, it may change education.
        
           | meindnoch wrote:
           | Sounds fucking afwul to be frank.
        
             | zulban wrote:
             | Far better than many classrooms in North America today tho.
             | Folks who disagree simply don't know anything about the
             | huge waste of time that many kids are put through everyday.
        
           | freejazz wrote:
           | > Most teachers today aren't experts anyway, we just pretend
           | they are
           | 
           | Experts in what, grade school math? Do you mean professors?
        
             | zulban wrote:
             | In anything. Like math, or math education. I was a teacher
             | for years and studied education and I've seen some shit.
             | The acceptance criteria for education degrees is often the
             | lowest of any field in colleges/universities. The pay is
             | extremely low. Great teachers exist, but often teaching is
             | just a backup career for non-experts that don't know what
             | else to do.
             | 
             | Outside North America teachers are sometimes respected and
             | paid as professionals like a doctor or lawyer. Here they're
             | more likely the butt end of a joke. You don't need to be an
             | expert in anything to be a teacher in NA, generally.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | Sorry, but you didn't really answer the question. What
               | would they be in an expert in? Grade school math?
        
           | bruce343434 wrote:
           | > Most teachers today aren't experts anyway
           | 
           | Lmao what
        
             | eldaisfish wrote:
             | this place is filled with people who are motivated to learn
             | for themselves which creates a huge sampling bias.
             | 
             | You will see this come up in all sorts of discussion and i
             | find it enlightening as to how exactly the decisions behind
             | modern software are made.
             | 
             | Too many here fail to realise that real life has all sorts
             | of edge cases and exceptions, including bad teachers.
             | 
             | Claiming that most teachers aren't experts is just another
             | example of this. One student learns more about one narrow
             | topic and then dismisses the teacher's broader, but
             | shallower knowledge as being that of a non-expert.
             | 
             | Typical of the general population, myself included.
        
               | zulban wrote:
               | > One student learns more about one narrow topic and then
               | dismisses the teacher's broader, but shallower knowledge
               | as being that of a non-expert.
               | 
               | Perhaps you're talking about me (I said teachers are
               | generally not experts in anything). I was a teacher for a
               | few years and got a master's degree in education. That
               | doesn't mean I'm right but I don't think it's smart to
               | dismiss people on the internet as "probably just some
               | dismissive student with narrow expert knowledge". I don't
               | think I'm "general population" on this subject.
               | 
               | Teaching in North America has low professional
               | requirements and even lower pay. The profession gets
               | almost no respect. As a result, experts in anything
               | (including experts in education) are pushed out of the
               | career because it's a shitshow.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | You all clearly went to excellent schools, because as
               | someone who went to a low performing urban one, what
               | they're saying is obviously true to me.
        
             | zulban wrote:
             | Yes. Teachers in North America are not respected or paid as
             | professionals. The typical university acceptance criteria
             | to become a teacher is very low. The pay is rock bottom.
             | 
             | Great teachers exist too but generally teachers are not
             | experts in anything, including teaching.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | I think online courses and AI education need the kind of
           | supervision you mentioned. But they should also be able to
           | give career advice, not just watch the room and push students
           | to focus.
        
             | zulban wrote:
             | I'm not talking about the perfect classroom. I'm talking
             | about something that could realistically be better than the
             | ludicrously underfunded garbage we have today.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | My urban public school basically spent as much per year
               | for me as it cost for me to go to Harvard. I am not
               | convinced of this 'underfunded' as root of problem
               | thesis.
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | Most highschool / gradeschool is being forced to sit in a chair
         | being baby sat until 3PM each day, with no opportunity to
         | select goals, and act towards them. My daughter transitioned to
         | a Montessori jr high, and she went from enduring school to
         | actively engaging in self-directed learning.
        
         | mym1990 wrote:
         | Weirdly enough I was not very curious in my schooling years,
         | barely getting through classes. As I have grown up, I have so
         | much more curiosity about the world and my willingness to
         | actually learn has skyrocketed. I feel like this could be a
         | great space for adults who are seeking to do the same. I always
         | thought calculus would be daunting to learn(and I still do),
         | but with AI tools I feel like I can approach it with a
         | different mindset.
        
         | ugh123 wrote:
         | > I see AI being more of a teaching assistant, rather than a
         | replacement for teachers
         | 
         | That is exactly what he says in the tweet.
         | 
         | I think the problem with traditional teaching, as in any
         | skilled profession, is often in short supply and underpaid, not
         | happy, and unable to keep up with 25+ kids in a class. The
         | world needs orders of magnitude more teachers that are highly
         | competent and more easily accessible.
         | 
         | AI could massively scale high quality teaching with still a
         | teacher in the loop.
        
         | lacy_tinpot wrote:
         | Most people that are academically inclined are self motivated
         | and have a desire to learn more.
         | 
         | Most people aren't academically inclined so it follows that
         | most people aren't academically self motivated. Therefore among
         | those that are academically inclined it is important to provide
         | them with all the tools necessary because they're the ones that
         | will most likely excel in an academic environment.
         | 
         | It is odd that the curriculum tends to accommodate people that
         | aren't academically inclined at the expense of those that
         | actually want to learn.
         | 
         | People that aren't academically inclined should not be forced
         | to learn, or at least forced only insofar as they're baseline
         | literacy so that they function in today's world.
        
           | bruce343434 wrote:
           | > Most people that are academically inclined are self
           | motivated and have a desire to learn more.
           | 
           | Isn't that by definition? Most xes are x.
           | 
           | > Most people aren't academically inclined
           | 
           | Is that so?
           | 
           | > It is odd that the curriculum tends to accommodate people
           | that aren't academically inclined at the expense of those
           | that actually want to learn.
           | 
           | Well, if what you say is true, isn't it fair that the program
           | is catered to the majority, who are apparently not
           | academically inclined? For one size fits all mass education,
           | catering to the largest mass is the best you can do.
           | 
           | > People that aren't academically inclined should not be
           | forced to learn, or at least forced only insofar as they're
           | baseline literacy so that they function in today's world.
           | 
           | Isn't that what the curriculum already accommodates then?
           | Didn't you just say that?
        
             | lacy_tinpot wrote:
             | >Isn't that what the curriculum already accommodates then?
             | Didn't you just say that?
             | 
             | No. The current curriculum penalizes people that are
             | academically incline. Fast track programs are difficult to
             | access for example.
             | 
             | >For one size fits all mass education, catering to the
             | largest mass is the best you can do.
             | 
             | Yes. But we now have other options.
             | 
             | > Most people aren't academically inclined >>Is that so?
             | 
             | As OP pointed out most people need someone to guide them
             | and give them directions. This is because a lot of kids are
             | not interested in learning and do "bugger all" without
             | supervision.
             | 
             | The kind of self-directed learning only benefits people
             | that are already academically motivated.
             | 
             | >Isn't that by definition? Most xes are x.
             | 
             | Yes. This was in contrast to what OP was saying, which is
             | "The pandemic showed us exactly what children would prefer
             | to do, when they don't have a physical teacher standing
             | over them, which is bugger all."
             | 
             | This isn't true for students that are academically
             | inclined. Only true for those that aren't academically
             | inclined.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | It's not odd to me at all. The most "academically inclined"
           | (although I don't think that's just one type of person) are
           | people who have the ability to help themselves with very
           | little advice from others. We shouldn't be going out of our
           | way to provide anything for them; we should provide all
           | levels of materials for everyone. It's the stupid people who
           | need to be coaxed and trained to use them, whereas for the
           | smart people, it's enough to make them available and give
           | them advice when they ask.
           | 
           | Teachers like gifted kids because they'll be successful no
           | matter what they do, and the teachers can test out all of
           | their dingbat social and pedagogical theories with no
           | consequences. They can start with elite kids, finish with
           | elite kids, yet somehow take the credit. Not impressed. Make
           | dumb kids smart, then I'm impressed. You might even be
           | holding back the smart kids, but they're probably smart
           | enough to see through you and do well anyway.
           | 
           | That being said, there are some people who are motivated to
           | learn entirely by the desire to impress teachers and other
           | authority figures. They need attention to develop. However, I
           | do not think that most people are like this, and I honestly
           | think those people should be in therapy.
        
           | corimaith wrote:
           | Looking outside at places like China, society unfortunately
           | does require more experts in specific domain fields than
           | there are self-motivated workers.
           | 
           | You can't run a billion dollar chip industry on passion
           | alone, you are going to pull in people who may be working for
           | external reasons. What matters then I'd that the education
           | they receive is effective regardless.
        
         | owenpalmer wrote:
         | > I think teaching is one of the few roles that can't be
         | replaced by AI
         | 
         | So far, AI can't replace _good_ teachers. But there aren 't
         | that many good teachers. In my experience, GPT4 is better at
         | explaining advanced concepts than 70% of college professors.
         | Unfortunately, education is often oriented around this
         | horrifyingly archaic method of instruction, which prevents
         | people from imagining what an AI oriented system could look
         | like.
        
           | red_admiral wrote:
           | I remember when the future was MOOCs. Let's get the top 30%
           | (or 10% or whatever) of teachers to record high-quality
           | videos, then everyone can have a top education. Even the rest
           | of the professors might learn something!
           | 
           | AI based education might or might not be "MOOCs 2.0". Even
           | for the less good teachers, having a real human in the room
           | is one of the features that lots of people appear to be ready
           | to pay lots of college fees for.
        
           | p1esk wrote:
           | His point is an AI teacher cannot force someone to learn,
           | while a human teacher can (maybe).
        
         | renjimen wrote:
         | I really agree. And I think it's likely your detractors have
         | not stepped foot in a classroom lately.
         | 
         | The issue is not engaging teachers. The teachers we have here
         | in BC are excellent and love their subjects (my wife and many
         | of my friends are teachers). The issue is behaviour, which has
         | deteriorated significantly since COVID, though the changes have
         | many other contributors.
         | 
         | Try asking an AI to engage with 30 kids who are on their phones
         | with earbuds in. You absolutely need a human as a teacher.
         | 
         | That said, AI teaching could be a great teaching assistant.
        
           | fritzo wrote:
           | AI would engage individually with each student _via_ those
           | earbuds
        
             | Neekerer wrote:
             | Kids would just take the ai earbuds out
        
             | renjimen wrote:
             | A large amount of engagement is reading and responding to
             | body language. There are also no social ramifications of
             | ignoring your laptop.
             | 
             | Don't get me wrong, I think AI has a role in the future
             | classroom, but that should be lead by professional
             | educators used to dealing with children.
             | 
             | There is also the social side to education that goes beyond
             | course content. Teachers are not just there to dole out
             | information, but to act as role models and part time
             | parents.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | I don't think children are the initial target of this
               | company, but I get what you are saying.
               | 
               | The type of person who's going to sign up for a course
               | from this company are probably already autodidacts to
               | some degree.
               | 
               | If I were teaching sixth grade mathematics, I wouldn't be
               | too worried yet. If I were running one of the many
               | mathematics academies that have popped up throughout a
               | lot of more affluent 'burbs, I'd be very worried.
        
               | evanwolf wrote:
               | Yes, it looks like this project is starting with helping
               | highly motivated adult learners go deep into a hard to
               | teach/learn material. Contrast this with the Khan Academy
               | approach at https://www.khanmigo.ai/ targeting young
               | students and their teachers and parents with broad
               | assistance across subjects. Maybe they converge?
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | > There are also no social ramifications of ignoring your
               | laptop.
               | 
               | you could absolutely have a digital social credit system
               | the way you have game scores and leaderboards. once you
               | get a competitive system like that going, it would
               | sustain itself. top students could get to visit cool
               | stuff like grown up labs and get involved in museums,
               | etc. bottom ones could be celebrated with a virtual dunce
               | hat on their avatars.
               | 
               | the problem is how mediocrity is now valued over hard
               | work.
        
               | renjimen wrote:
               | No thank you. Keep Big Brother out of the classroom.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | He's watching everything else already, he's even in your
               | child's bedroom already due to proctor spyware.
        
               | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
               | _> A large amount of engagement is reading and responding
               | to body language._
               | 
               | I don't follow this assertion - it's possible to be
               | engaged by something that doesn't even _have_ a body. For
               | example: the things currently engaging them in this
               | scenario - their phones (or whatever 's on them).
        
               | renjimen wrote:
               | Engagement being a two way thing between the teacher and
               | student. In this case I was referring to the teacher
               | reading and responding to the student's body language.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | > A large amount of engagement is reading and responding
               | to body language.
               | 
               | That's due to a limitation of the current medium, don't
               | you think? When I started going to school, I had to
               | improve my social awareness not because it's an
               | inherently, objectively better way to learn, but because
               | that's what was needed as a result of how the classroom
               | is structured.
        
               | renjimen wrote:
               | But social awareness is part of adult life, and school is
               | the place we prepare our children for adult life, not
               | just to excel in academic tests.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | > But social awareness is part of adult life, and school
               | is the place we prepare our children for adult life
               | 
               | The school doesn't prepare kids for this. By most
               | measures it does a rather poor job. There's a reason they
               | say "A" grade students work for "B" grade managers who
               | work in companies started by "C" grade students.
               | 
               | Other commenters have said it, but the social behavior
               | kids are exposed to in schools doesn't match much with
               | the "real" world. The way problematic people are handled
               | is quite different. As are the metrics of what
               | constitutes success.
        
           | MarcScott wrote:
           | I was walking to my classroom last Thursday, and a kid pushed
           | another kid down the stairs, right into me. I went ballistic,
           | and sorted it all out, but there is no way an online AI tutor
           | can deal with that kind of behavior. So if you want social
           | education, you need physically present teachers. If you want
           | online education, then parents are going to have their work
           | cut out.
        
           | mirekrusin wrote:
           | Why would you have more than one student per ai teacher?
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | We use teachers as enforcers. But in my experience going to a
           | big urban public school, the best enforcers are often
           | completely orthogonal to the best knowledge-conveyers and I
           | think we could have specialization for each of these roles.
           | 
           | In my opinion, the best enforcers generally are charismatic
           | yet firm and come from a similar community/background to that
           | of the students. The best teachers have an infectious passion
           | for their subject, but oftentimes that trades off with their
           | ability to enforce.
        
             | renjimen wrote:
             | Yes, a teacher's role is as much behaviour management as it
             | is knowledge transfer. I think most teachers would love to
             | shift the focus to the latter, but it seems to be shifting
             | more to the former of late. Knowledge transfer is what
             | teachers are actually trained to do, with very little of
             | professional pedagogy training about behaviour management
             | (at least, anecdotally from my teacher wife).
             | 
             | I don't know what the future of education looks like, but
             | it sounds like there are significant behaviour problems in
             | the classroom at the moment, with many teachers quitting or
             | retiring early as a result of not being able to do what
             | they are trained to do (teach).
        
         | elliotbnvl wrote:
         | > _The pandemic showed us exactly what children would prefer to
         | do, when they don 't have a physical teacher standing over
         | them, which is bugger all._
         | 
         | This is not true. The pandemic showed us exactly what children
         | who are accustomed to being force-fed information and whose
         | natural learning mechanisms and curiosity have been suppressed
         | in favor of a generalized one-size-fits-all approach do when
         | suddenly removed from the only learning paradigm they've ever
         | been exposed to.
         | 
         | My kids (not yet old enough for school) are extremely self-
         | motivated to learn and explore the world around them. So am I,
         | and that never went away over the course of a full homeschool
         | education.
        
           | dontlikeyoueith wrote:
           | The ignorance of this post is astounding.
           | 
           | You and your kids are not typical of society at large.
        
             | elliotbnvl wrote:
             | Could you elaborate? I would like to be less ignorant, if
             | possible.
             | 
             | I went to public high school, public community college, and
             | college. None of these experiences have changed my opinion,
             | but rather informed it.
        
           | infecto wrote:
           | Totally incorrect. The vast majority of the population are
           | relying on schools and teachers to potty train, teach
           | manners, instill excitement for learning and basically do
           | everything a parent should be doing. Large number of kids
           | have no real parent figure and thats from all types of
           | backgrounds. We are not talking about kids who have strong
           | households where learning and general manners are being
           | taught.
        
             | elliotbnvl wrote:
             | I agree with you, but fail to see how our viewpoints are
             | mutually exclusive?
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | While different teaching styles have their pros and cons,
               | and a more hands-on approach might yield better results,
               | the problem over the past 5-10 years is that many
               | children lack parental support. Regardless of the
               | pedagogy style chosen, without parents providing a strong
               | foundation, meaningful progress in the classroom is
               | unlikely.
               | 
               | Your kids clearly have a present parent who is engaged,
               | it is a stark difference to many other kids.
        
               | elliotbnvl wrote:
               | It seems like that's a societal problem that should be
               | tackled at a societal level, rather than a fundamental
               | failing of students.
               | 
               | It's not something schools can fix, regardless of the
               | style of pedagogy chosen; so why not improve school in
               | its area of focus, and introduce solutions to students'
               | home life at the same time?
               | 
               | Easier said than done, I know, but focusing on the wrong
               | area will get even less done.
        
         | Ylpertnodi wrote:
         | >The pandemic showed us exactly what children would prefer to
         | do, when they don't have a physical teacher standing over them,
         | which is bugger all.
         | 
         | Amend to: The pandemic showed us exactly what children's
         | parents would prefer to do, when they don't have a physical
         | teacher standing over their children, which is bugger all.
        
         | koonsolo wrote:
         | I also noticed the material of an entire day can be learned or
         | made in a few hours. So indeed I also realized it's mainly
         | daycare with a bit of, or slow learning.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | https://www.khanmigo.ai/ is adopting this ideal, and I would
         | agree you with your perspective. It's a tutor, not a teacher.
         | 
         | > Khanmigo is an AI-powered personal tutor and teaching
         | assistant from trusted education nonprofit Khan Academy.
        
         | silverlake wrote:
         | I worked on online learning for a bit. Turns out people are
         | willing to pay for the inconvenience of in-person learning,
         | even flying to another location. It's the only way most people
         | can focus on a topic. Otherwise, work, kids, life interrupts
         | and they can't stay on track. Replit's 100 Days of Python says
         | only 0.4% of those who complete day 1 finish day 100.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | yeah. When trying to learn, say algebra and getting stuck on a
         | problem, what's better for learning? staring at the problem
         | until you get bored and wander off, looking at the back of the
         | book for the answer and then maybe going back to figure out
         | why, or individual instruction where you're able to ask someone
         | who knows that they're doing about why you're stuck, and have
         | them give you hints until you get unstuck, and then give you
         | another, similar, problem for you to work through?
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | > Having a virtual Feynman coach you through a Physics course
         | is perfect.
         | 
         | So would fusion power, unfortunately such a thing does not
         | exist yet, nor close to.
        
         | logifail wrote:
         | > We send kids to school, in the hope they get some education,
         | but the reality is that we use schools for free childcare while
         | we work
         | 
         | We also send kids to school to learn social skills they can't
         | learn by themselves.
         | 
         | My kids sometimes watch science shows (on TV as well as online)
         | and tell me all kinds of fascinating facts about black holes
         | and the human immune system and
         | {insert_huge_list_of_stuff_I_don't_fully_understand}. That's
         | the easy bit.
         | 
         | "Getting along with other people" isn't something you learn ...
         | by yourself.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | May I suggest that the kids of HN commentators are being
           | sampled from a very different distribution than the kids of
           | the general public.
        
         | Lichtso wrote:
         | If the technology is truly as capable as humans in many domains
         | (and that might still take a while), it will not matter anymore
         | whether it is a good teacher or not. The need for (and thus
         | value of) human labor will depreciate and so will its "supply
         | chain" the education sector.
         | 
         | > hope they get some education, but the reality is that we use
         | schools for free childcare
         | 
         | Exactly, teachers will be less and less pedagogs and more and
         | more wardens.
        
         | afarviral wrote:
         | But how to harness "Bugger all" so that it results in educated
         | students? Because my understanding is everyone likes to do
         | stuff.. no one really does nothing, but often
         | unproductive/consumptive things if not channelled.
        
         | awahab92 wrote:
         | i think kids would be self-motivated with the right system.
         | 
         | I got a lot more motivated to learn when i learned programming.
         | 
         | during the pandemic, the world was in shock, so of course kids
         | are going to play video games when their parents are anxious
         | and filled with cabin-feever.
        
           | hackinthebochs wrote:
           | I do wish people on this website would stop using themselves
           | as an example of the median anything.
        
             | aleph_minus_one wrote:
             | > I do wish people on this website would stop using
             | themselves as an example of the median anything.
             | 
             | HN readers, in my opinion, _are_ a decent median sample of
             | the group of  "self-motivated learners". :-)
        
         | dimal wrote:
         | > I see AI being more of a teaching assistant, rather than a
         | replacement for teachers.
         | 
         | That's what he announced he's doing. Creating an assistant, not
         | a replacement.
        
           | surfingdino wrote:
           | Except what you'll get will be an all-seeing, spying,
           | hallucinating LLM.
        
         | yaj54 wrote:
         | Kids, when given the choice, will choose to play games (of many
         | different kinds) above just about anything else.
         | 
         | The future of education is the playful gamification of relevant
         | skills, knowledge, and behaviors.
        
           | toofy wrote:
           | kids will choose many different kinds of activities at any
           | given time.a lot of kids really don't like games, some do,
           | some don't.
           | 
           | i'm not trying to be pedantic, but anytime someone implies a
           | human, particularly a kid will be at all predictable shows an
           | incredible lack of understanding of people. the vast array of
           | moods, time of day, quality of sleep the night before, are
           | they hungry, mood of the parents when they drove them to
           | school, how did their school/work day go, how was their
           | social day, and on and on and on.
           | 
           | again, apologies, i'm not trying to be pedantic but i think
           | in this particular topic it reeeeaalllly matters.
        
             | yaj54 wrote:
             | My broad sweeping generalization was primarily meant as a
             | counterpoint to this from parent comment: "The pandemic
             | showed us exactly what children would prefer to do, when
             | they don't have a physical teacher standing over them,
             | which is bugger all."
             | 
             | My point is more that kids, when left to their own devices
             | (with basic needs met), will find ways to occupy themselves
             | that they find interesting that are not outcome oriented (I
             | call this playing).
             | 
             | And I personally have never met a kid that didn't like
             | playing in some form or another, though the form of playing
             | is highly, highly individualized.
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | Is reading playing? Because most kids I've seen enjoy
               | reading.
        
             | cha42 wrote:
             | I don't understand at all my kids choices in game or way of
             | spending time at all
             | 
             | It seems completely random but in a coherent way. It is
             | wonderful.
             | 
             | Anyway, you are right and not pedantic at all.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | Disagree slightly. I think AI can be used to generate average
         | quality course material, which may be useful to below average
         | teachers, or good teachers thrown into a subject they haven't
         | taught yet.
         | 
         | Obviously someone like Andrej will totally crush it.
        
         | renonce wrote:
         | Even as a self-motivated learner I fail to see the bigger
         | impact of AI. For a "virtual Feynman" I would prefer the online
         | video courses and books which exist without AI. The best I
         | expect an AI to do is to answer my questions and confirm my
         | understandings. At AI's current state I can use it as a better
         | search engine but due to hallucinations I can't expect reliable
         | answers yet.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | Using gpt-4o?
        
             | renonce wrote:
             | Asking it "3.11He 3.8Na Ge Da " (meaning "Which one is
             | larger, 3.11 or 3.8?" in Chinese) and it answers 3.11 more
             | than half of the time. I assume it's because Python 3.11 is
             | larger than Python 3.8. While it does work in its native
             | language English, this failure doesn't give me much
             | confidence in its reliability, as we don't know why it
             | works in one language but not the other yet.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | Uh, I think people have a good idea why it doesn't work
               | as well in other languages.
        
         | skhunted wrote:
         | There is an interesting physics education experiment. A random
         | group of students are shown a lecture on a topic and take a
         | quiz after watching the video. The students rate the lecture.
         | Repeat with a different lecture on the same topic. The students
         | did worse with the higher rated lecture.
         | 
         | There's teaching students like. There's teaching where students
         | learn. Sometimes the two intersect. Will an AI education
         | company optimize one that students enjoy or one where they
         | learn better?
        
         | azhenley wrote:
         | We just published a paper on this topic. I wrote a summary of
         | it, "Learning to code with and without AI".
         | 
         | https://austinhenley.com/blog/learningwithai.html
        
           | blackbear_ wrote:
           | What is the baseline performance of the LLM in solving those
           | programming tasks? And did you test the performance of the
           | students in the Codex group at the end of the course without
           | allowing them to use Codex? Essentially I'm asking how can
           | you conclude that these students didn't just learn to call a
           | LLM, but actually learned to code independently?
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | I don't think this is true at all. People failed to learn
         | during covid because the technology is bad. I don't think most
         | people are motivated very much at all by the disappointment of
         | some stranger standing over them. I don't even see it as a
         | desirable aspect of someone's personality that they can be
         | extrinsically motivated by the approval of strangers.
         | 
         | What a teacher provides is a sometimes customized, sometimes
         | flexible schedule, that (sometimes) pays individual attention
         | to what aspects of a concept a student is falling behind at,
         | and (sometimes) comes up with personal recommendations and
         | alternative approaches to break down a student's involuntary
         | resistance to a concept. This might be doable with A.I.. It's
         | not doable with actual teaching anymore because class sizes are
         | too large. A.I. will be cheaper.
         | 
         | And I'm not saying that teaching is so simple that A.I. can do
         | it, I'm saying that teaching is so complicated that it might be
         | that only A.I. is sufficient to largely replace it. I think
         | that what I'm arguing against is that the idea that teachers
         | could be replaced by glowering scarecrows, or fur-covered wire
         | armatures like they once used in experiments to replace
         | animals' mothers.
         | 
         | I don't think that teachers make as good parents as parents do
         | teachers. I don't think most people are mostly motivated by the
         | approval or judgement of their teachers.
         | 
         | What people need is constant, helpful, personalized guidance,
         | and that is very expensive to get from employees.
        
         | unraveller wrote:
         | >teaching ... can't be replaced by AI.
         | 
         | Teaching is not the end goal of education though, the educated
         | student is. Or so I was taught.
         | 
         | Part of the reason why teaching is considered noble is because
         | it is an act of assured replacement, inspiring not dependency
         | imparting skills of self-motivation and will power.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | Completely disagree. ChatGPT has taught me more than I could
         | ever learn from any lecture and I have a doctorate. A
         | moderately motivated student will do wonders with AI.
         | 
         | For instance, I've had trouble understanding exactly how heat
         | pumps worked. Sure I knew the basic concepts of condensation
         | and evaporation but not the nuances of pressures and boiling
         | points at various stages. I asked chatGPT to explain it to me
         | from the perspective of the refrigerant. It started with "I am
         | R-134a, a refrigerant just leaving the evaporator...", and
         | proceeded to give me the most thorough understanding of heat
         | pumps I could imagine, complete with working pressures, boiling
         | points, pressure differentials at the escape valve etc. Follow
         | up questions led me down interesting paths where it came up
         | with a brilliant comparison to quantify the greenhouse
         | potential of the refrigerant R22 ie 1 pound of R22 has the same
         | greenhouse potential as a human being breathing for 787 days in
         | a row.
        
         | fsndz wrote:
         | When it comes to AI, self learning is dope, and Lycee AI is a
         | pioneer:
         | https://www.lycee.ai/courses/91b8b189-729a-471a-8ae1-717033c...
        
         | obastani wrote:
         | This is exactly the problem we have found in our research on
         | generative AI for education [1]. We ran a pilot in a large high
         | school in collaboration with math teachers, and found that
         | students basically copy answers from ChatGPT, resulting in
         | worse performance compared to students not given ChatGPT. If
         | students don't want to learn, ChatGPT isn't going to fix
         | anything.
         | 
         | [1] https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4895486
        
           | verdverm wrote:
           | You are just giving them ChatGPT with a bit of prompt
           | engineering, and evaluating them on math problems, which we
           | know LLMs make errors on because they are not calculators.
           | You aren't putting in the effort needed to build a real tutor
           | and learning assistant. I would not extrapolate from these
           | results
           | 
           | There are also a lot of things that can come in before you
           | build a full on tutor. One example is being able to tailor
           | word problems (transform the nouns) to subjects interesting
           | to the particular student. They could also be used to help
           | understand where students are struggling. We are still at the
           | early phases of useful AI, optimism is more appreciated,
           | especially as contemporary times have become so pessimistic
           | 
           | Sal Khan provides a more optimistic take and demo:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJP5GqnTrNo
        
         | KerryJones wrote:
         | > Most learners, the world over, are not self-motivated
         | 
         | This is the exact opposite conclusion and methodology of Maria
         | Montessori (and her schools with the same name). Children are
         | naturally curious and want to learn, but they may not want to
         | use a poor education system designed to mark grades in a hyper
         | specific focus.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | the only people i knew growing up who went to montessori
           | we're very affluent white kids with hyper involved parents.
           | 
           | even when given access to school choice, less affluent and
           | minority parents do not choose montessori and there is
           | absolutely a reason for that.
        
             | KerryJones wrote:
             | Is the reason because montessori schools are often high-
             | priced? Because that's definitely true (and you can easily
             | say it's a privilege to attend one).
             | 
             | That doesn't, however, mean the methodologies don't work or
             | don't apply. You can study the methods in any of her ~20ish
             | books, or the more modernized recaps of them.
        
         | 627467 wrote:
         | The teacher/tutor certainly won't be replaced by an AI. But
         | those we call 'teachers' nowadays - possibly even for decades -
         | are struggling glorified janitors because society treats
         | schools as daycare. It's understandable that 9-6 parents need
         | daycare. But why do we keep confusing daycaring with teaching?
         | And why do we expect teachers to be perfect at both roles? And
         | why all 30 students in the class should focus exactly on the
         | same aspect of education simultaneously? That's the main issue
         | with 'teaching'.
        
       | yinser wrote:
       | For those without an X account: Website: https://eurekalabs.ai
       | GitHub: https://github.com/EurekaLabsAI
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | https://xcancel.com/karpathy/status/1813263734707790301
        
           | kaladin_1 wrote:
           | Thanks for the link. Found it useful. x is blocked at dns
           | level on my computer.
        
             | jdthedisciple wrote:
             | > x is blocked at dns level on my computer
             | 
             | Hero!
             | 
             | Take that Elon you baddie!
        
       | ffhhj wrote:
       | > we are heads down building LLM101n
       | 
       | Kind of ironic an AI isn't building it. But that's an example of
       | the current state of AI being more a remixer of knowlegde than a
       | planner of actions.
        
         | jasonsb wrote:
         | Don't worry about it, I'm sure that "AI" is working on
         | something much bigger.
        
           | dontlikeyoueith wrote:
           | Killing all humans?
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | From the announcement:
         | 
         | > The teacher still designs the course materials, but they are
         | supported, leveraged and scaled with an AI Teaching Assistant
         | who is optimized to help guide the students through them.
         | 
         | So the AI isn't expected to build the materials.
        
           | ilaksh wrote:
           | I assume that it would be an agent that the teacher prompts
           | in a loop to build and refine the course material. Probably
           | with an upload so if they want to bring the full thing ready
           | to go they can and in that case the data just needs to be
           | formatted by the LLM for their database, but also can have
           | the AI fill things in. And then check what came out and
           | refine it.
        
       | epups wrote:
       | It seems that this would compete with Khan Academy for a similar
       | space. Perhaps Karpathy will aim for adults instead?
        
         | minimaxir wrote:
         | Khan Academy is more than AI/LLM courses.
        
           | simonw wrote:
           | It sounds like Andrej's ambitions stretch beyond AI/LLM
           | courses too - but they're a natural "first course" starting
           | point because that's where his own teaching expertise is
           | focused.
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | ambition is cheap, value is expensive.
        
           | petercooper wrote:
           | It is. Though they are also doing some really smart and
           | thoughtful stuff with LLMs to power courses and learning
           | environments (https://www.khanmigo.ai/ is a part of it).
        
       | nedrylandJP wrote:
       | Any openings for a 40-something career-changing educator?
        
         | beardedwizard wrote:
         | I would suggest you contact karpathy and not randoms who
         | posted/commented this
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | Hopefully the AI knows whether 9.11 is greater or less than 9.9,
       | something ChatGPT seems to have had a problem figuring out[1].
       | 
       | 1: https://x.com/liujc1998/status/1813244909501182310
        
         | spencerchubb wrote:
         | that's a tokenization issue. every tool has strengths and
         | weaknesses. why does it matter whether an LLM can compare
         | numbers? that can be done trivially in any programming language
        
           | Ylpertnodi wrote:
           | As an AI layman (downloaded Claude for android as a result of
           | hn, just today) "why does it matter whether an LLM can
           | compare numbers?", is rather important to me. Probably
           | others, also.
        
             | wrsh07 wrote:
             | It doesn't seem super relevant to karpathy announcing he's
             | created a company so that he can increase the production
             | value of his AI YouTube videos
             | 
             | I mean, sure, the company is ostensibly going to also teach
             | math at some point, but karpathy will not be using gpt 4o
             | for that when it launches (what do you think his timelines
             | are? Do you think he is going to be able to solve trivial
             | things like "having the llm use something like function
             | calling to do math"? If you're unfamiliar with his work,
             | karpathy is a very good engineer, and this is a small
             | problem that anybody working in building production apps on
             | LLMs can easily deal with)
        
             | spencerchubb wrote:
             | i can understand that perspective. as an end user, you
             | would like your application to handle math questions
             | correctly. it's true that llms are not the best at math
             | 
             | as an application developer, if we need an llm to be good
             | at math, one solution is to give it access to a python
             | interpret
        
             | awwaiid wrote:
             | I was going to say beware because there isn't an Anthropic
             | Claude official app.... but I checked and I guess as of
             | today there is one hah.
             | https://www.anthropic.com/news/android-app
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | At least LLMs know when to use upper case.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | If I'm going to augment my education with AI, I'd at least
           | want to know it could get basic numerical facts right. If a
           | computer program struggles with the concept of a number being
           | greater than another number, how do I have any confidence
           | that it can teach physics?
        
             | spencerchubb wrote:
             | your concern would be valid if an llm were the ONLY tool
             | being used. applications use multiple tools so you can use
             | the appropriate tool for the job. if you're doing math, you
             | don't want a standalone llm
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | As a student, how would I know what things the LLM tutor
               | can provide correct answers for, and what things I will
               | need to "use appropriate tools" for? Should I rely on the
               | LLM to help teach me spelling, or US history, or are
               | there more appropriate tools for these, too?
        
               | spencerchubb wrote:
               | if the product is great, hopefully you as the user would
               | not have to worry about which tool is doing which task.
               | the developers would worry about that. it's the same in
               | any app. the user doesn't know or care what tool is used
               | to render the frontend or store the data in the backend
        
               | j2kun wrote:
               | Except that the LLM is actively dismissing its
               | discrepancy with the other tool. Just adding to the
               | confusion.
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | Since we're all just speculating to the wind here, I can
               | see multiple ways LLMs can be used. Maybe it'll help
               | simplify TA triage, maybe it'll just be a Discord bot.
               | Maybe a classifier will sample from multiple models.
               | 
               | I think if anyone can give this idea a fair shot it's
               | Andrew Karpathy, an ML expert and a person known to be
               | passionate about education.
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | *Andrej
               | 
               | Darn autocorrect
        
           | SrslyJosh wrote:
           | AI bros: "Why does it matter whether [a program that people
           | want to use to teach children] can [tell whether one number
           | is bigger than another]?"
           | 
           | =)
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | "But, teacher, it was a _tokenization issue_! "
        
             | spencerchubb wrote:
             | applications can use multiple tools. an llm is just one
             | tool, and it will not cover every use case, such as math.
             | that does not detract from the utility of llms
        
           | freejazz wrote:
           | Are you saying we shouldn't teach children things that "can
           | be done trivially in any programming language?"
           | 
           | How will they know what they are doing in that language?
        
       | dyarosla wrote:
       | What's the differentiation with other similar ventures?
       | 
       | For instance, Synthesis[0] is an instructor designed, AI
       | supplemented site for early math. https://www.synthesis.com/
       | 
       | It really seems like the distinction for these kinds of AI-
       | education ventures comes down to the human educator(s) involved.
        
         | sahil87 wrote:
         | With https://www.fruitsalad.ai it's about creating learning
         | games - making hard topic fun to learn.
        
       | jppope wrote:
       | thank god for Andrej Karpathy... doing amazing work. I love this
       | concept and look forward to seeing how things develop
        
       | ugh123 wrote:
       | According to the picture in the tweet, you could grow 3 arms by
       | following these courses!
        
         | mads wrote:
         | I am getting Jehovah's Witness vibes from it.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | AI is an arms race.
        
         | shellfishgene wrote:
         | And after all those Feynman Physics courses they placed their
         | solar panels in the shade ;)
        
         | vunderba wrote:
         | I don't understand how he missed that.
         | 
         | This is the same issue I have with large language model as
         | coding assistants, since you're effectively not in the driver
         | seat - you're acting more like a code reviewer, and I think
         | that _that passivity_ eventually causes critical observational
         | skills to atrophy.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | The rest of the AI art in the course isn't any better. The
         | thing is, it doesn't have to be like that. I do AI art and I
         | follow a lot of AI artists, and you can fix all those little
         | weird mistakes it makes.
         | 
         | The thing is, when the AI art generator makes a mistake and
         | draws a person with 3 arms, that is obvious to the student and
         | they can take the output with a grain of salt.
         | 
         | But when the AI physics tutor generates some physics result
         | that's the equivalent of a person with 3 arms, that will not be
         | obvious to the student. They will take the words of the AI
         | credulously. I see it all the time in programming as well,
         | where the AI just invents APIs, semantics, and syntax.
         | 
         | I don't know how to solve this.
        
           | prewett wrote:
           | > I don't know how to solve this.
           | 
           | Don't use an algorithm which produces its response according
           | to a probabilistic arrangement of tokens when solutions
           | require accuracy / correctness? Most probable and most
           | accurate are not the same thing. Hoping that we can get the
           | errors down to something acceptable using an algorithm that
           | is fundamentally inappropriate to solving the problem seems
           | like a fool's errand to me.
        
       | demondemidi wrote:
       | Might wanna wait until the hype cycle is over in a few years.
        
         | nineteen999 wrote:
         | Why? The VC money is flowing right now.
        
           | demondemidi wrote:
           | Do you know what happens when you take VC money? Probably
           | not. I assume OP wants to succeed and retain control. VC
           | money is about the worst choice of funding for something like
           | this.
        
       | throwedu wrote:
       | Thats a zillion dollar company right there
        
       | LegitShady wrote:
       | its super easy to start ai companies, its difficult to make them
       | meaningful. The ai generated image in the twitter post has an
       | asian woman with 3 arms and some of the most horrific AI face
       | placements I've seen in a while - Is this the quality control we
       | can expect our future AI education systems to embody?
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | > its super easy to start ai companies
         | 
         | And only barely an inconvenience.
        
         | avaldez_ wrote:
         | >The ai generated image in the twitter post has an asian woman
         | with 3 arms and some of the most horrific AI face placements
         | I've seen in a while
         | 
         | Also solar panels in the floor lmao
         | 
         | _solar freaking roadways_ ptsd
        
       | bastien2 wrote:
       | Chatbots can't teach critical thought or ethics. They need to be
       | able to understand language and bias first, and that's an as yet
       | unsolved problem.
       | 
       | Until a chatbot is provably correct and ethical in its output, it
       | must not be used to teach.
       | 
       | Case in point: the slop image attached to the announcement has
       | the typical malformed hands and ghoulish faces problems.
        
         | GaggiX wrote:
         | Are humans provably correct and ethical in their outputs?
        
       | moffers wrote:
       | I appreciate attempts to disrupt things, but education seems to
       | be one of those verticals that seems to be allergic to disruptive
       | technologies. Education seems like it can either be very
       | specialized, or very generalized, but at the end of the day it
       | should be egalitarian. If this approach to education works, would
       | we be able to have every teacher in every school in America adopt
       | it? I have to imagine the resources needed to train the teachers,
       | distribute the technology, acclimate the parents, and then do
       | this all on a scale such that no one is left out or treated
       | better if you didn't happen to go to an "AI" school makes for a
       | tough hill to climb.
       | 
       | I think a lot of the real issues with solving problems in
       | education is that they have trouble applying to the larger
       | picture of compulsory education.
        
         | dimitrios1 wrote:
         | This is the fundamental problem with education: everyone treats
         | it as some problem to "solve" with tools, and technologies. The
         | issues with education are human ones -- interpersonal and
         | policy -- not because it's lacking some tool or technique.
         | 
         | They just installed some state of the art AI-enabled, "smart"
         | mega drawing screens w at my daughter's schools touting all the
         | supposed immeasurable benefits it will bring, and most of the
         | parents, including myself, just rolled our eyes.
        
         | 8338550bff96 wrote:
         | If delivering a good education can't be achieved because there
         | are parts of our education system that continually resist
         | adaptation, then whatever those parts are they ought to reach
         | their breaking point and be pushed beyond it.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | Those parts have reached their breaking point - the teachers
           | are ready to quit from lack of resources and support, and
           | parents can't do their part because they have to work far too
           | hard to keep a roof and food for their families. AI doesn't
           | solve that.
        
             | labster wrote:
             | But if teachers could use AI to grade exams and automate
             | the boring work, then they could take a second job and be
             | able to afford housing. Sounds like an easy win for AI.
        
               | nozonozon wrote:
               | I love the idea that no one is 'only' a teacher. Teachers
               | that live in the real world make much more sense to me.
               | 
               | My ideal work week:
               | 
               | 10h administrative work (figuring out what and how for
               | the rest of the week) 10h technical job 10h teaching in a
               | classroom 10h 1:1 mentoring
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I read this comment and it struck me as excellent parody,
               | but now I'm worried it's in earnest.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | This was my club in university:
               | https://daviswiki.org/Students_for_an_Orwellian_Society
               | 
               | I think that 20 years later it is much harder make
               | effective satire, so I rarely do it now. More extreme
               | positions are taken pretty regularly by folks online, so
               | even people like you in my target audience are never sure
               | if something is satirical or just extreme.
        
               | shermantanktop wrote:
               | That's why most satire is pretty lame. The more obvious
               | it is, the less funny; the less obvious it is, the less
               | interesting. And the whole thing is built on an
               | inside/outside dynamic that is pretty basic.
        
               | phs318u wrote:
               | Realising the promise of AI, freeing teachers from the
               | drudgery of 'boring work' so they can take on a second
               | job as a food-server, burger-flipper, shelf-stacker or
               | Uber driver (at least until robotics and self-driving
               | tech eliminate those jobs too).
        
               | raincole wrote:
               | People will read your comment as sarcasm (and you
               | probabaly meant it), but this it the way to go.
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | I got an excellent education from the public school system
           | and had passionate, committed teachers throughout, and was
           | well prepared to pursue an engineering degree at a top
           | university. The solution to education is not to try and scale
           | up some absurd and ineffective AI system that is worse than
           | teachers, it's to pay teachers an actual proportionate salary
           | that is in line with their impact on our society so we can
           | retain good people. Just because people like Karpathy
           | understand AI doesn't mean they understand education.
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | It's not zero sum, we can do both.
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | You're right lets divert millions if not billions of
               | dollars that could be used on known working solutions for
               | these problems to an unproven technological bullet that
               | is famously capital intensive.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | The incentives just are not properly aligned. I went to an
             | urban school system that paid many teachers quite well
             | (upwards of $130k 10 years ago for many), but the pay was
             | just totally ubcorrelated with teacher performance.
             | 
             | Many of the worst teachers were the best paid because they
             | had seniority and that was how the union had structured pay
             | agreements, whereas many of the younger better teachers
             | were paid very poorly (around $50k in a major metro)
             | despite having left very high paying professional jobs to
             | give back. The problem is that there is little-to-no
             | economic incentive to do anything to improve student
             | performance.
        
           | will1am wrote:
           | You touches on a critical aspect of educational reform
        
         | wendyshu wrote:
         | > Education ... should be egalitarian
         | 
         | Why?
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | We shouldn't have to explain that it's plainly obvious that
           | society massively benefits from an educated populace,
           | especially one that claims to be a democracy. There are
           | incredibly broad benefits from a reduction in crime to the
           | expansion of the skilled labor pool.
           | 
           | I've noticed that many people in tech seem to disregard or
           | disrespect educational institutions. So I'll turn it back on
           | you. What draconian reason could you possibly have to make
           | the argument that we shouldn't try to give every child an
           | equal opportunity for a high quality education? Do you hate
           | living in an educated society that much? Are you interested
           | in living in a malthusian nightmare?
        
             | iftheshoefitss wrote:
             | Very uneducated so I can't comment on this but I'm living
             | in a Malthusian nightmare and definitely wouldn't recommend
             | it :)
        
             | brezelgoring wrote:
             | >Are you interested in living in a malthusian nightmare?
             | 
             | Some of them live in such an environment already. I don't
             | know if it's a hallucination or not, but judging from what
             | I've read here over the years a lot of tech people seem to
             | live in the most cutthroat of environments and see everyone
             | as competition to be eliminated or obstacles to be cleared.
             | Some of them live in an environment where you can rely only
             | on yourself, requesting help is seen as weak victim-like
             | behavior, but giving out for free is worse - detrimental
             | because that other person might see what you're doing and
             | take credit for or steal your work; some say helping
             | another with your skills/time and not charging money is
             | peak cuck behavior, and some of the more organized (I'd
             | like to say 'coeficient-driven') members of our community
             | really believe that money is the greatest measurement tool
             | ever invented and we should measure everything with it,
             | including a person's worth.
             | 
             | That being said, generalizing is bad and there really are
             | some truly golden individuals here who have done humanity a
             | net benefit while charging nothing for their work. Like
             | Fabien Sanglard, for example (you likely will never read
             | this but I take my hat off to you and I hope if you get the
             | chance, you should clone yourself in the future - humanity
             | could use at least 10 of you).
             | 
             | I'd find quotes for all of these but I don't think I need
             | them, you've seen these messages if you read the HN
             | comments enough.
             | 
             | Edit: In the 10 or so minutes I took to write my comment,
             | yours went from all black to almost unreadable. It shows
             | better than any treatise would on the opinion HN denizens
             | have on 'free' or 'equal' anything.
        
             | p1esk wrote:
             | _What draconian reason could you possibly have to make the
             | argument that we shouldn 't try to give every child an
             | equal opportunity for a high quality education?_
             | 
             | Opportunity, sure. But an opportunity to get a good
             | education is not the same as actually getting good
             | education. Because every child is different and we want to
             | spend a lot more efforts to educate a child who shows
             | genius level potential than on a child who has zero
             | interest in anything. This is assuming limited educational
             | resources - an assumption challenged by AI education
             | initiatives.
             | 
             | If I have two sons, and one is bright and curious and hard
             | working, while another is dim and lazy, the first one will
             | get 95% of my attention.
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | The biggest predictor of whether or not a child is
               | "gifted" is the amount of attention they receive as
               | children from their parents and from the education
               | system. Actual genetically driven genius is rare. The
               | kids that gifted child programs benefit are largely the
               | children of affluent parents and not the so called
               | geniuses of our generation. They mostly serve to create a
               | two tier education system within public schools. I'm not
               | saying we tolerate disruptive kids or that we shouldn't
               | reward merit, but this kind of rich kids get the
               | resources and attention system is counterproductive to
               | the outcome you seem to want.
               | 
               | Furthermore, there is zero proof that AI will give us the
               | kind of system that will allow us to shore up the limited
               | education system. The actual solutions to many of these
               | problems are things like paying teachers more to retain
               | the best people, giving kids free lunch, funding after
               | school programs and one on one tutoring etc etc etc.
               | 
               | But doing those things is hard, so tech bros who believe
               | in the myth of the gifted child, who don't have any
               | background in education at all, come in with these
               | systems that they think are silver bullets, then are
               | shocked when they don't work, blaming the unruly children
               | of the proletariat on their failure to fix anything.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | And what will you do with the lazy one? Kill him? Let him
               | die when in problems? Maintain it throughout his live?
               | Ignore him and let him live a miserable life?
        
               | p1esk wrote:
               | The lazy one gets exactly the same *opportunity* to have
               | a good education as the bright one. Do you see the
               | difference?
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | They often don't have the same opportunity but I'm glad
               | we as grown adults are sitting here and judging a child
               | on their dedication to academic rigor.
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | > I'm glad we as grown adults are sitting here and
               | judging a child on their dedication to academic rigor.
               | 
               | In a conversation about academic performance, what were
               | you expecting?
               | 
               | I'm not being facetious, I'd really rather like to know:
               | in a conversation about resources being poured into
               | academic outcomes, why is a child's athletic ability, or
               | artistic ability, etc relevant?
               | 
               | We are comparing outcomes of investment into academic
               | performance - do you expect this conversation about ROI
               | to be completely without judgements?
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | We're talking about changing the entire trajectory of
               | someone's life when they're a child because they find
               | school boring when they're 8 years old. Talking about ROI
               | and hard numbers about this makes your look like a ghoul.
               | I think aggregate measures over years are required to
               | accurately measure the impact educational investment, but
               | we should pay teachers more and hire more of them to
               | reduce class size because we have a moral obligation to
               | do so, not just because we'd get an ROI.
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | > We're talking about changing the entire trajectory of
               | someone's life when they're a child because they find
               | school boring when they're 8 years old.
               | 
               | Maybe you are. _We_ are not. No one is suggesting
               | decreasing the resources made available to a cohort of
               | children. We 're suggesting _increasing_ the resources
               | for gifted children within that cohort.
               | 
               | > Talking about ROI and hard numbers about this makes
               | your look like a ghoul.
               | 
               | How else are you going to discuss what is obviously a
               | very important investment into humanity? Personal
               | attacks, maybe?
        
             | km3r wrote:
             | Is it better to be egalitarian in education or is it better
             | to focus on raising the floor, or raise the median, or
             | providing equal opportunity? They aren't the same thing,
             | and it's very possible that the education system that
             | focuses on one will miss out on parts of the others. You
             | can make moral arguments in favoring each of those options
             | (or even focusing on raising the average).
             | 
             | You can optimize for economic benefit, innovation,
             | fairness, or passions. Their is plenty of non-draconian
             | reasons for preferring each.
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | It's better to be egalitarian. The clientele of
               | hackernews is predominantly people working in high paying
               | industries, who were lucky enough to get the resources
               | and opportunities to get there, in addition to a
               | considerable amount of hard work. I pushed hard to get
               | where I am today and personally benefitted from gifted
               | child programs. What terrifies me is the idea that being
               | born to slightly different parents or in a slightly
               | different area could have had drastic effects on my
               | outcome. I believe we should make policy decisions
               | assuming any one of us could have been born to the
               | poorest and most negligent parents imaginable. Making any
               | other assumption is being dishonest about the benefits
               | afforded to you by your upbringing.
        
               | km3r wrote:
               | Wouldn't it be better to raise the floor? If given the
               | choice of a higher floor but a higher ceiling of
               | education quality vs equal but lower quality for
               | everyone, I would prefer the former.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Would this raise the floor? Or would this be "we can hire
               | 5% as many teachers and make the students interact with
               | robots to save money."
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | Evolution.
           | 
           | The human species has only existed as such for ~100,000
           | years. Almost all human societies have failed.
           | 
           | We should spread knowledge far and wide for the same reason
           | adaptive mutations spread through a population: shit happens.
           | 
           |  _Rocks fall out of the sky._
           | 
           | The Earth is jelly with a thin "crust" of congealed goo on
           | top. So-called "solid ground" is thinner relatively than the
           | paint on a globe. It shakes.
           | 
           | (As a kid I lived through Loma Prieta[1], I've _seen_ the
           | earth roll like Santa 's belly. We are _small!_ )
           | 
           | We should go through life like "an old man crossing a river
           | in winter", and things both precious and free, like
           | knowledge, should be the treasure of every person, no matter
           | how poor or weak, for tomorrow they may be all that's left.
           | 
           | That's why Wendy, that's why.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake
        
         | ants_everywhere wrote:
         | > Education seems like it can either be very specialized, or
         | very generalized, but at the end of the day it should be
         | egalitarian.
         | 
         | This is the approach I'm taking.
         | 
         | There are a few psychological and technological tricks here or
         | there, but in my opinion the hardest part is getting the
         | incentives right.
         | 
         | It's very easy to build an educational system that incentivizes
         | for the wrong things. And even if we all agree what the "right"
         | things are, something like universal education is a collective
         | action problem with all the difficulties that come with that.
        
         | r3trohack3r wrote:
         | > Education [...] should be egalitarian
         | 
         | It is self-evident to me that this is not true in the U.S.
         | 
         | There is very little about education that is egalitarian. An
         | inner city grade school in Michigan is in no way comparable to
         | a grade school in the Palo Alto suburbs.
         | 
         | > Such that no one is left out or treated better if you didn't
         | happen to go to an "AI" school makes for a tough hill to climb.
         | 
         | To drive this point home, in the real world we do not hold this
         | standard for air conditioning. Tens of thousands of schools in
         | the U.S. do not currently have adequate HVAC systems. If we are
         | not currently applying this standard to A/C, I don't know why
         | we would choose to selectively apply it to AI.
         | 
         | Attempting to gate innovation behind complete social conformity
         | and universal adoption doesn't strike me as a rationale stance.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Nit: you're replying to what "should be" with what is. Those
           | two concepts are not the same. Our property-tax-based
           | educational funding system is widely seen as a tragedy.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | An inner city grade school in Detroit gets 16,500+ per child
           | a regular child in Michigan gets 9,500. Palo Alto spends
           | 25,143 per child. New York spends $29,873 per child. The
           | states that spend the least Utah, Idaho are around 9,000.
           | 
           | Part of the cost is localized like salary, utilities costs.
           | 
           | Detroit isn't necessarily being under funded compared to Palo
           | suburb when you normalize regional cost differences. It does
           | affect the quality of teachers one can attract but so does
           | the location in general. Bumping up Detroit to Palo Alto's
           | spending wouldn't have much effect on the education for the
           | average student.
           | 
           | Palo Alto is home to many immigrant from many places who self
           | select and place education as extremely important for the
           | next generation. For the average Detroit kid education isn't
           | cherished and valued over everything else. Until you can
           | equalize those believes things won't change. You won't be
           | able to buy a higher educational rate by painting the walls
           | twice as fast or by hiring more educational assistants.
        
             | buttercraft wrote:
             | > Bumping up Detroit to Palo Alto's spending wouldn't have
             | much effect on the education for the average student.
             | 
             | Are you sure about this? It seems suspiciously self-
             | reinforcing.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | there's pretty good evidence that outcomes are largely in
               | correlated with per pupil spend. would take me a little
               | while to find since i haven't looked at it for a while
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | I went to an inner city public school that was better
             | funded than your Palo Alto numbers once you account for
             | federal funds.
             | 
             | I agree that funding is not the only problem, the money
             | could be spent much much better (and teacher unions should
             | unfortunately probably not exist). Another large problem is
             | that I do not think we as a society have agreed on what the
             | actual goal of public education should be.
        
           | will1am wrote:
           | The comparison to HVAC systems in schools highlights the
           | complexities of implementing new technologies.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Out of curiousity have you worked in education or EdTech?
         | Trying to get the context of this.
        
         | richardw wrote:
         | I think a good place to start is "anyone in the world who wants
         | to learn and is hindered by their school and teachers". Not
         | "this must work in every American school from the start".
         | 
         | A smart kid with a phone in Kenya should be able to have a
         | shot. Wikipedia allows this. Khan Academy helps. This in the
         | extreme is Khan Academy but potentially for every course a kid
         | (or adult) could want, generated on demand from scratch if need
         | be.
         | 
         | The next optimal study session generated for your current state
         | of knowledge, energy level, learning goals, by the teaching
         | agent who is provably the best at delivering that lesson for
         | you, using the optimal mediums for your context. Video at home
         | or in a class, audio when on a bus, printouts if you want. Add
         | in spaced repetition and a few fun quizzes, gamify it. Let each
         | person fulfil their potential unhindered by the resources of
         | their school, parents or country.
        
           | levocardia wrote:
           | Even if this ends up being nothing more than "Khan Academy
           | but I can ask questions and get answers and it's all in my
           | local dialect of Urdu" it is a huge step forward for
           | educations AS LEARNING.
        
             | 1auralynn wrote:
             | Khan Academy already has a robust AI chatbot/features
             | (https://www.khanmigo.ai/) - they have an ongoing
             | relationship with Microsoft/OpenAI
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | To me, the good place to start is "what do teachers want that
           | they feel would make their teaching more effective" rather
           | than "the entire community of teachers is a barrier and we
           | must work around them."
        
         | will1am wrote:
         | Is just a complex and challenging process
        
         | JoeJonathan wrote:
         | I'm curious to see how this all plays out across different
         | disciplines. The process of learning calculus is different from
         | learning a language, which is different from learning the
         | history of science, which is different from learning
         | ethnographic methods.
         | 
         | There are all kinds of self-interested reasons educators might
         | resist some of these technologies. But this also seems to be
         | one of the areas where people from the tech world impose some
         | idea that could potentially work for their limited domains of
         | expertise but don't work at all for others.
        
         | walledstance wrote:
         | Whew! Yes. Education is allergic to disruption because
         | education shouldn't be treated like a business.
         | 
         | Educational goals are to educate people not make money.
         | Education requires countless failures. Business models are
         | composed to be failure averse or reduce risk.
         | 
         | Education has and will likely continue to be a money and time
         | sink because it is an area that requires constant failure from
         | its participants to grow in knowledge.
         | 
         | Thank you for setting this.
        
       | djeastm wrote:
       | One thing I've not understood about this is how do you create an
       | AI course to teach people things... without creating an AI that
       | can DO the very thing that will make that very same knowledge
       | obsolete?
       | 
       | For example, how do you create an AI language teacher without
       | creating an AI that can make learning languages obsolete? If
       | you've got an AI that can, in real time, hear other languages and
       | translate them (as you might have for an AI language teacher),
       | then why would a human need to spend countless hours learning
       | this other language? Just hold your phone up and let AI do the
       | work for a fraction of the effort.
       | 
       | For a harder, non-solved problem, consider math. For an AI to do
       | math will require something unknown at this point, if it can ever
       | happen. But assuming it does, why would we want a human ever to
       | "do math" ever again when we have the AI that can teach it just
       | do it for us? The AI will almost certainly do it more cheaply and
       | with more skill than a human IF it can be done at all.
       | 
       | It's this sobering realization that I struggle with. If someone
       | can tell me where I'm wrong I'd be greatly pleased
        
         | edmundsauto wrote:
         | Is this not the same as human teachers?
         | 
         | In the language example, people still want to learn to
         | read/write other languages despite many translators being
         | available. The tech to teach might be less sensitive to latency
         | than the skill in humans, or it might be very expensive, or it
         | might be useful to non-tech-literate people.
        
         | qup wrote:
         | Well, for instance, because hearing other languages and
         | translating them is not even the primary use-case for knowing a
         | language. It would take a suite of purpose-built AIs, and the
         | knowledge and ability to use them in-situ, to replace knowing a
         | language.
         | 
         | AIs can also teach us to do things they cannot themselves do,
         | for instance you could have a driving-test tutor. It could
         | teach you a lot of things, despite us not having full self-
         | driving AIs.
        
         | olddustytrail wrote:
         | Well I've never learned a language in order to be the best at
         | that language, or the only person who can speak it.
         | 
         | If you only want some basic communication, sure use a
         | translation app, but learning a language is also about learning
         | a culture. Learning about new music and literature and poetry
         | that you'd never otherwise get exposure to.
         | 
         | It's like asking what's the point of learning a musical
         | instrument when I'll never be a great musician.
         | 
         | It's to benefit myself so what would be the point of just
         | getting a translation. They're never the same.
        
         | Sanzig wrote:
         | Using a phone translator is fine for being a tourist or maybe
         | for short business trips. It's super inconvenient if you want
         | to live and work somewhere where they speak that language,
         | though.
         | 
         | You need to have your phone on you all the time, otherwise you
         | can't communicate. There is always going to be at least one
         | clause worth of latency in each direction of translation due to
         | differences in word order and semantics, so you'll be at least
         | a sentence or two behind the conversation - whereas if you
         | learn the language, you're interacting in real time. Also do
         | not underestimate the goodwill that comes from being willing to
         | learn a language - people recognize that it's hard, they're
         | going to be much warmer to someone who spent over a thousand
         | hours to reach B2 in their second language vs. someone who
         | downloaded an app instead of putting the effort in.
         | 
         | Near real time speech-to-speech machine translation is super
         | cool if you're a tourist visiting a country for a couple weeks,
         | or an employee visiting a factory in a country you don't speak
         | the language. It isn't a replacement for learning a language,
         | though.
        
         | huevosabio wrote:
         | Some subjects are necessary building blocks to more
         | sophisticated tasks. The AI can teach the building blocks and
         | leave the task of building to us.
         | 
         | Coding, for example, is just a small subset of the tasks
         | necessary for software engineering, which in turn is a small
         | subset of the tasks necessary for SaaS company.
         | 
         | We can break down human endeavors into subjects that are "AI
         | teachable" and without ever needing the AI to be able to use
         | them in a sophisticated fashion.
         | 
         | We already do it like this, but with humans.
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | Are you arguing some stuff is un-teachable or that some stuff
           | is human teachable and not AI teachable.
           | 
           | If the former, how are people learning unteachable moments
           | right now.
        
         | Lichtso wrote:
         | I generally agree, in the long term there will be far less need
         | for teachers, as there will be less need for human jobs to be
         | taught.
         | 
         | However, creating many individual systems which are better than
         | a human in a specific area each is very different from one
         | unified and integrated system which combines all of them. The
         | latter will take a lot longer to achieve. Until then there is
         | value in teaching humans.
        
         | wrsh07 wrote:
         | I think you're imagining something like chess. In order for an
         | ai chessbot to teach me chess as efficiently as possible, that
         | bot is probably superhuman at chess.
         | 
         | That's not necessarily the case. A good tutor can be more
         | "curator" than "creator of course content"
         | 
         | I can learn math by reading existing math textbooks. Imagine
         | having an ai that is able to judge my knowledge of that math
         | and assign reading or problem sets accordingly. Imagine an AI
         | that is compelling to talk to and keeps me on task given my
         | stated learning goals.
         | 
         | None of that requires superhuman anything.
         | 
         | Would I still want to learn linear algebra even if the frontier
         | of math is being advanced by some super intelligence? Sure, why
         | not? Isn't the frontier already being advanced by many people
         | smarter than I am?
        
       | nybsjytm wrote:
       | > ... in the case of physics one could imagine working through
       | very high quality course materials together with Feynman ... with
       | recent progress in generative AI, this learning experience feels
       | tractable.
       | 
       | Actually, this seems to be absurdly beyond any of the recent
       | progress in generative AI. This sounds like the kind of thing
       | people say when their only deep knowledge is in the field of AI
       | engineering.
        
         | Yenrabbit wrote:
         | It's optimistic, but given the OP is one of the best-informed
         | technical generative AI researchers, and has been passing on
         | that knowledge to the rest of us for a decade +, I don't think
         | we can just dismiss it as unfounded hype :)
        
           | nybsjytm wrote:
           | My point is that he's a world expert on the engineering of AI
           | systems. That shouldn't be mistaken for expertise, or even
           | general knowledge, about anything else.
           | 
           | It's a good principle to bear in mind for people from any
           | profession, but top AI engineers in particular seem to have
           | an unusually significant habit of not being able to recognize
           | where their expertise ends and expertise from another field
           | (such as, say, education) begins. They also seem very prone
           | to unfounded hype - which isn't to say they're not also good
           | researchers.
           | 
           | Maybe Karpathy happens to be better on this than his peers, I
           | wouldn't know.
        
         | devindotcom wrote:
         | incidentally, feynman would laugh pretty hard at this
        
         | Balgair wrote:
         | >> feels tractable
         | 
         | I mean, the guy isn't saying that it's going to 100% happen.
         | He's saying that the problem _feels_ like it might be doable at
         | all. As Andrej has a background in physics, the phrase of
         | 'feels tractable' would mean that he thinks that a path might
         | exist, possibly, but only a lot of work will reveal that.
        
           | nybsjytm wrote:
           | > As Andrej has a background in physics
           | 
           | This seems rather generous given that he was just a physics
           | major. There's lots of physics majors who understand very
           | little about physics and, crucially, nothing about physics
           | education.
        
             | og_kalu wrote:
             | "Just" a physics major. I'm sorry but you're being
             | ridiculous.
             | 
             | There's nothing just about that especially when the
             | commenter only said he had a background in physics.
        
               | nybsjytm wrote:
               | It's legitimate to call it a background in physics, but
               | given the particular level of background and the context
               | of this particular issue, its relevance is
               | indistinguishable from zero.
               | 
               | Has he ever demonstrated any particular insight or
               | understanding of physics or - more importantly - of
               | physics education? As far as I've been able to find, the
               | answer is no. Not that there's anything wrong with that.
               | At worst it just makes him a typical physics major.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | One of the things Karpathy is most famous for, perhaps
               | _the_ thing depending on who you ask are his
               | instructional materials on Deep Learning and Neural
               | Networks, of which at least hundreds of thousands have
               | benefitted.
               | 
               | That's far more tangible than whatever "background" it is
               | you're looking for. He's a good teacher. He stands out
               | for that and that's not an easy thing to do.
               | 
               | Of all the things background doesn't mean much in, being
               | a good educator is at the top of the list. Most Educators
               | including those who've been at it for years are mediocre
               | at best. The people who educate at the highest level
               | (College/University Professors) are not even remotely
               | hired based on ability to educate so this really isn't a
               | surprise.
               | 
               | Genuinely and I mean no offense, your expectations just
               | feel rather comical. People like Sal Khan and Luis von
               | Ahn would be laughed out of the room looking for your
               | "background".
               | 
               | Sure, Sal is an educator _now_ but he quit being a
               | financial analyst to pursue Khan Academy full time.
               | 
               | The real problem here is that you don't believe what
               | Karpathy has in mind is tractable and not that there's
               | some elusive background he needs to have. His background
               | is as good as any to take this on.
        
               | nybsjytm wrote:
               | I think you've misread this conversation. I was
               | responding to someone who suggested that Karpathy's
               | "background in physics" indicated some insight into
               | whether this venture, particularly as regards physics
               | education, will effectively give guidance by subject
               | matter experts like Feynman.
               | 
               | If they had cited some other background, like his courses
               | on AI, I would have responded differently.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | Ah Fair Enough
        
             | Balgair wrote:
             | I was talking about how physicists will understate how
             | difficult things can be.
             | 
             | 'Feels tractable' is physics-speak for: a possibility
             | exists to get there though it may require more teachers
             | than there exist on the earth and more compute time per
             | student than there are transistors in the solar system for
             | the next 1000 years.
             | 
             | Anti-gravity would be 'tractable' too as we can see there
             | must exist some form of it via Hubble expansion and then
             | it's only a matter of time until a physicist figures it
             | out. Making it commercially viable is left to icky
             | engineers.
             | 
             | Things that a physicist don't think are 'tractable' would
             | be time-travel and completing your thesis.
             | 
             | To be very very clear: I am somewhat poking fun at
             | physicists. Due to the golden age of physics, the whole
             | field is kinda warped a bit about what they think is a
             | doable thing/tractable. They think that a path may exist,
             | and suddenly the problem is no longer really all that much
             | of a problem, or rather 'real' problems are in figuring out
             | if you can even do something at all. 'Tractable' problems
             | are just all the 'stamp collecting' that goes into actually
             | doing it.
        
         | cyost wrote:
         | Would any hypothetical training data corpus even be sufficient
         | to emulate Feynman? Could any AI have a sufficient grasp of the
         | material being taught, have enough surety to avoid errors,
         | mimic Feynman's writing+teaching style, and accomplish this
         | feat in a reasonable budget and timeframe?
         | 
         | The example is obvious marketing hyperbole, of course, but it's
         | just not going to happen beyond a superficial level unless we
         | somehow create some kind of time-travelling panopticon. It's
         | marred by lack of data (Feynman died in 1988), bad data
         | (hagiographies of Feynman, this instance included), flawed
         | assumptions (would Feynman even be an appropriate teaching
         | assistant for everyone?), etc.
         | 
         | I wonder if AI fans keep doing this thing in hopes that the
         | "wow factor" of having the greats being emulated by AI
         | (Feynman, Bill Gates, Socrates, etc.) will paper over their
         | fundamental insecurities about their investment in AI. Like,
         | c'mon, this kind of thing is a bit silly
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og2ehY5QXSc
        
           | nybsjytm wrote:
           | > Feynman, Bill Gates, Socrates, etc.
           | 
           | One of these doesn't quite belong ;)
           | 
           | But these AI researchers don't even understand these figures
           | except as advertising reference points. The Socratic dialogue
           | in the "sparks of AGI" paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.12712
           | has nothing whatsoever to do with Socrates or the way he
           | argued.
           | 
           | Fourteen authors and not a single one seemed to realize
           | there's any possible difference between a Socratic dialogue
           | and a standard hack conversation where one person is named
           | "Socrates."
        
             | cyost wrote:
             | > Prompt: Can you compare the two outputs above as if you
             | were a teacher? [to GPT-4, the "two outputs" being GPT-4's
             | and ChatGPT's attempts at a Socratic dialogue]
             | 
             | Okay, that's kinda funny lol.
             | 
             | It's a bit worrying how much the AI industry seems to be
             | focusing on the superficial appearance of success
             | (grandiose marketing claims, AI art that looks fine on
             | first glance, AI mimicking peoples' appearances and speech
             | patterns, etc.). I'm just your random layperson in the
             | comment section, but it really seems like the field needed
             | to be stuck in academia for a decade or two more. It hadn't
             | quite finished baking yet.
        
               | nybsjytm wrote:
               | As far as I can see there are pretty much zero incentives
               | in the AI research arena for being careful or
               | intellectually rigorous, or being at all cautious in
               | proclaiming success (or imminent success), with industry
               | incentives having well invaded elite academia (Stanford,
               | Berkeley, MIT, etc) as well. And culturally speaking, the
               | top researchers seem to uniformly overestimate, by orders
               | of magnitude, their own intelligence or perceptiveness.
               | Looking in from the outside, it's a very curious field.
        
               | verdverm wrote:
               | > there are pretty much zero incentives in ____ for being
               | careful or intellectually rigorous
               | 
               | I would venture most industries, with foundations on
               | other research fields, are likely the same. Oil & Gas,
               | Pharma, manufacturing, WW2, going to the moon... the
               | world is full of examples where people put progress or
               | profits above safety.
               | 
               | It's human nature
        
               | nybsjytm wrote:
               | > I would venture most industries, with foundations on
               | other research fields, are likely the same.
               | 
               | "Industries" is a key word though. Academic research,
               | though hardly without its own major problems, doesn't
               | have the same set of corrupting incentives. Although the
               | lines are blurred, one kind of research shouldn't be
               | confused with another. I do think it's exactly right to
               | think of AI researchers the same way we think of R&D
               | people in oil & gas, not the same way we think of
               | algebraic topologists.
        
               | verdverm wrote:
               | Andrej Karpathy (the one behind the OP project) has been
               | in both academia & industry, he's far more than a
               | researcher, he also teaches and builds products
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > > Feynman, Bill Gates, Socrates, etc.
             | 
             | > One of these doesn't quite belong ;)
             | 
             | I asked GPT to find which one:
             | 
             | "The one that doesn't fit in is Bill Gates.
             | 
             | Richard Feynman and Socrates were primarily known for their
             | contributions to science and philosophy, respectively.
             | Feynman was a renowned theoretical physicist, and Socrates
             | was a foundational philosopher.
             | 
             | Bill Gates, on the other hand, is primarily known as a
             | businessman and co-founder of Microsoft, a leading software
             | corporation. While he also has made contributions to
             | technology and philanthropy, his primary domain is
             | different from the scientific and philosophical realms of
             | Feynman and Socrates."
        
               | nybsjytm wrote:
               | Thank you for this AI slop. It's the right answer but
               | incoherent reasoning. It could have equally reasonably
               | said:
               | 
               | "The one that doesn't fit in is Socrates.
               | 
               | Richard Feynman and Bill Gates are primarily known for
               | their contributions to science and philanthropy,
               | respectively. Feynman was a renowned theoretical
               | physicist, and Gates is a world-famous philanthropist.
               | 
               | Socrates, on the other hand, is primarily known for
               | foundational contributions to philosophy. His primary
               | domain is thus distinct from the scientific and
               | philanthropic realms of Feynman and Gates."
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | True, but I bet 90% of HN readers would have answered
               | "Bill Gates", with reasoning similar to GPT's. So I can't
               | exactly fault GPT too much.
        
               | nybsjytm wrote:
               | Ok. Thanks for the contribution.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | I wonder what's the next hype after this? Maybe biotech again?
       | Biotech + AI? Get your (propaganda) results beamed straight to
       | your brain augmentation with a 3D overlay (just like the movies,
       | bro!!).
       | 
       | But if you opted for the mega ultra premium gemini pro max++
       | model, then you get a minimal ad free experience. No wait, forget
       | a monthly subscription. Think, micro subscription model on a per
       | usage basis.
       | 
       | In your death bed and need life saving measures? Augmentation
       | returns "402 Payment Required" before nanobots can proceed to
       | excise the root of the issue. 5M SHIB tokens required.
       | Unfortunately, 20G signal is not reliable in the Wilderness Zone,
       | thus old school EMS services are dispatched to the scene.
       | Unfortunately, EMS services do not accept your insurance and
       | private EMS leaves the scene and dispatches public EMS services.
       | The wait is 2 hours given the WZ.
       | 
       | You fail to receive life saving measures (ie, tPA) in time, thus
       | resulting in impaired motor functions and decreased quality of
       | life. The flashing 402 Payment Required prompt is forever
       | imprinted in your augmentation.
        
       | caconym_ wrote:
       | I am seriously worried about what it's going to cost to buy my
       | daughter a seat at the human table rather than defaulting to the
       | AI slop trough it seems most kids less privileged than her will
       | be forced to learn from in the near future.
        
         | bilsbie wrote:
         | I think we've been at the point you're worried about for a
         | while. It's just we don't even have a substitute like Ai yet.
         | 
         | Instead we just accept really bad education.
        
       | uoaei wrote:
       | Sounds like what it really is, is the largest prompt injection
       | testing platform possible.
       | 
       | Kids everywhere will be learning nothing except how to hack these
       | chatbots to get passing grades.
        
       | techostritch wrote:
       | I feel really weird about education, the only value I think I've
       | ever gotten in education is tangential (social, inspirational)
       | which I think many people say is the primary value, but when it
       | comes to actually work skills Im mostly self taught. I'm not sure
       | if there's a way to make school better without making it way more
       | expensive. AI would be interesting but so far it's not reallly
       | there yet, for one I think it needs coaching skills to know when
       | to reach out rather than just respond to prompts. And most self
       | learning is experiential not interactive.
        
         | jimhefferon wrote:
         | I'm sorry, but you wrote this post. Did you self-teach writing?
        
           | techostritch wrote:
           | The mechanics no. I'm like very intentionally trying not to
           | be an extremist about this, yes I did get some value out of
           | school but relatively disproportionate to the effort I put
           | in.
        
           | jdthedisciple wrote:
           | Maybe he told Siri to write it?
        
             | techostritch wrote:
             | Maybe he is Siri!
        
       | SrslyJosh wrote:
       | Please don't.
        
       | tekno45 wrote:
       | Anytime someone says AI can give everyone their own einstein,
       | Feynman, Galileo in a box i can only think about how little data
       | we have on anyone before the 90's.
       | 
       | These would be charcutiers of these people with nothing but their
       | most famous equations and examples and quips letting you know
       | "this is supposed to be a famous person"
        
         | KTibow wrote:
         | Don't we have writing from (some of) these folks?
        
         | bearjaws wrote:
         | > These would be charcutiers of these people
         | 
         | I think you mean caricature, but I do love the idea of Feynman
         | making a mean charcuterie board
        
       | freejazz wrote:
       | Lord, spare me.
        
       | jrflowers wrote:
       | > imagine working through very high quality course materials
       | together with Feynman
       | 
       | I like this idea. What if you could study geometric function
       | theory with Kaczynski? You could study chemical engineering with
       | Thomas Midgley Jr!
       | 
       | Creative writing with L Ron Hubbard!
        
       | koonsolo wrote:
       | I'll tell you where it will go wrong.
       | 
       | We had an economics teacher, that when you would bring up "the
       | pope" topic, she could go on a 1+ hour rant about what is wrong
       | with the whole catholic institution, etc.
       | 
       | Of course us kids, would somehow be able to get this topic into
       | the lesson, to trigger her rant.
       | 
       | If you want to know various ways on how to break AI, let some
       | kids, who are forced to interact with it, loose on the thing. I'm
       | sure they'll figure out how to get it to say the most crazy shit
       | in no time.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | All of it has to go tremendously right for that to be the point
         | where it breaks.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Eventually they'd make an app for AR with a virtual human
       | teacher, depending on the execution, it could work especially if
       | they can make it so real that it can suspend disbelief it is just
       | an avatar
        
       | NotYourLawyer wrote:
       | This is a worse idea than the jump to conclusions mat. I have no
       | doubt that some VC will value it in the billions.
        
       | ecjhdnc2025 wrote:
       | "I am not very observant where pictures are concerned"
       | 
       | Like... is that a satirical choice or what?
        
       | tschellenbach wrote:
       | Imagine world class education, for everyone, accessible to all at
       | the price of Netflix. AI can be a teaching assistant, but also
       | makes it easier to create course materials. Generating video
       | explanations, infographics etc.
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | we can't even get quality on-demand video entertainment, for
         | everyone, accessible to all at the price of Netflix. My company
         | makes a Gen-AI powered course builder for our LMS and Feynman
         | does not have to worry about the competition.
        
       | htk wrote:
       | I'm impressed by the amount of flak that Karpathy is getting
       | here.
       | 
       | His great instructional videos on YT tell me that he is
       | passionate for both AI and education, so I'm all for him trying
       | to mix the two. More effort on education is always welcome in my
       | book.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Their first planned product is an online course for building a
         | "Storyteller" LLM, explicitly stating that the course will take
         | some time to build and that there is no timeline on when it
         | will launch [1]. The company page states that their vision
         | merely "feels tractable", and concedes that they might not be
         | successful [2]. There is a lack of arguments regarding how they
         | can bring any substantial advancements over current generative
         | AI tech. At present this all looks rather underwhelming, with a
         | substantial dose of wishful thinking.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/karpathy/LLM101n [2]
         | https://eurekalabs.ai/
        
           | jmull wrote:
           | > There is a lack of arguments regarding how they can bring
           | any substantial advancements over current AI tech.
           | 
           | It doesn't sound like that's a goal though.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | It would be necessary to fulfil the vision.
        
               | ramon156 wrote:
               | It would be, but its not top priority to finish by
               | yesterday. This is a new direction, so I'd rather have it
               | be good than quick
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | Frankly they are in a race with the AGI folks. If AGI is
               | built first, you no longer need to educate humans, since
               | most humans will be useless at that point.
        
       | surfingdino wrote:
       | AI today cannot piece together a pizza recipe based on the
       | thousands of recipes it was trained on so I'm not holding my
       | breath waiting for it to become a useful tool in education.
        
       | uptownfunk wrote:
       | Whatever anyone will say. I am glad he is doing something
       | meaningful with his life beyond just making investors in OpenAI
       | more wealthy. At some point I suspect the money just becomes a
       | number and then you can afford to think about bigger things like
       | how can we help alleviate some of the broader suffering in the
       | world.
        
       | huevosabio wrote:
       | Karpathy is amazing. A rare combination of top tier technical
       | chops with top tier communication skills, wrapped in a wholesome
       | person.
       | 
       | I am very excited for this and can't wait to try their products!
       | 
       | As an aside, odd to see people here are so pessimistic about the
       | idea. Education is hard to scale because tutors are hard to
       | scale. ChatGPT is already an ad-hoc educator for me, in a similar
       | jump that Wikipedia was. Having a purpose-built product with a
       | hand-crafted curriculum, that's a killer idea.
        
       | Balgair wrote:
       | > Outbound links with a bit more info in the reply!
       | 
       | Hey, I don't have a twitter account (long story). Can anyone post
       | those links here?
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | Cool.
       | 
       | I'm a process oriented learner. While I can read any fact or
       | trivia and retain it with no effort, things that require steps I
       | only really learn by repeatedly doing them. So if there's an AI,
       | for example, that can create problem sets for me to do with
       | something that I am attempting to learn, and then explain to me
       | the steps after I've attempted to find the solution, then I am
       | more likely to retain that knowledge in the long run.
       | 
       | This would have been especially beneficial to me in my college
       | statistics class, for example, where I had a prof who was... not
       | much of an educator.
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | Not based on LLMs, but mathacademy.com sounds like what you
         | need.
        
       | sensanaty wrote:
       | This far in and they're still drawing 3 arms and you want me to
       | believe these bullshit generators are gonna be useful in
       | education?
       | 
       | We've collectively lost our minds with this AI hype
        
       | rhspeer wrote:
       | https://www.narratear.com/ is pretty far along with this, and the
       | founders are solid.
        
       | TechDebtDevin wrote:
       | What are the hardware requirements for this course though?
        
       | cccybernetic wrote:
       | This is a problem I'm working on.
       | 
       | I'm a software engineer at major US research university
       | developing AI-powered software to improve critical reading and
       | writing skills in higher ed. The idea is to provide immediate,
       | high-quality feedback to students, closing the "latency" of
       | submitting something and waiting to hear back from you professor.
       | 
       | I do genuinely think AI can reshape teaching and learning, but it
       | will be a slow iterative process. We can use it scale what works
       | (personalized learning and tutoring, helping students develop
       | mastery/automaticity on topics, targeting areas where they
       | struggle). It can also automate time-consuming tasks that bog
       | teachers down.
       | 
       | If you're interested in pedagogy, AI, and tech, please reach out.
        
         | __loam wrote:
         | I'm glad I got my degrees before people starting trying to
         | integrate bullshit generators into my education. I've been
         | really frustrated with the conversation about the potential
         | applications for this technology. These chatbots have no
         | relationship with the truth or with knowledge, and are designed
         | to agree with users and act accommodating regardless of how
         | wrong someone is. We're talking about putting this tech between
         | patients and doctors, students and teachers and meanwhile
         | McDonald's is rolling back deployments because it can't even
         | take a fast food order accurately.
        
           | Merik wrote:
           | I think you're confusing the technology with a product
           | developed using that technology. The prevalence of poorly
           | implemented products or the lack of fit of some products to a
           | particular target market, do not inherently provide evidence
           | for conclusions about the technology itself.
        
             | xanderlewis wrote:
             | The lack of successful implementation is surely at least
             | _evidence_ that the technology might not be living up to
             | the hype, though -- no?
             | 
             | It's like "but that wasn't _real_ communism".
        
         | ilamont wrote:
         | > I'm a software engineer at major US research university
         | developing AI-powered software to improve critical reading and
         | writing skills in higher ed.
         | 
         | Oftentimes, the root cause of the critical reading problem is
         | the quality of the writing that students are subjected to. My
         | daughter recently showed me one of her economics readings, and
         | said she couldn't understand it. It was 40 pages of convoluted
         | academic writing like this:
         | 
         |  _Wibbels argues that developing countries face an inherently
         | disadvantaged position in the world economy due to their
         | dependence on foreign capital and an undiversified base of
         | commodity exports as primary sources of hard currency. This
         | dependent position relative to capital markets prevents
         | developing countries from borrowing to engage in counter-
         | cyclical aggregate demand management._
         | 
         | Is such language the optimal way to express ideas for
         | comprehension by peers, students, and policymakers?
         | 
         | I hope your mission to improve writing skills in higher ed
         | addresses the source of output - professors, teaching
         | assistants, journal editors, and others who continue to promote
         | outdated, inconsistent, and counterproductive academic writing
         | styles.
        
           | km3r wrote:
           | As an interesting example, i passed that passage to
           | chatgpt3.5 with the prompt "make the following passage much
           | simpler to understand"
           | 
           |  _Wibbels says that poorer countries are in a tough spot in
           | the global economy. They rely a lot on money from other
           | countries and mainly sell raw materials to get cash. Because
           | they 're so reliant on foreign money, they can't borrow much
           | to manage their economy when things are going bad._
           | 
           | This is a pretty basic prompt too, you can add qualifiers to
           | fit your general audience: "easier to understand for a high
           | school student". You could provide context of previous and
           | subsequent passages as well. Yeah its not perfect, but the
           | right prompt could provide at least a consistent output
           | style.
        
           | Merik wrote:
           | Claude 3.5 to the rescue:
           | 
           | "Wibbels claims that developing countries are at a
           | disadvantage in the global economy for two main reasons:
           | 
           | 1. They rely heavily on foreign investment.
           | 
           | 2. They depend on exporting a limited range of raw materials
           | to earn foreign currency.
           | 
           | Because of this weak economic position, developing countries
           | struggle to borrow money when needed. This makes it hard for
           | them to boost their economies during economic downturns,
           | unlike wealthier nations that can more easily borrow and
           | spend to stimulate growth. "
        
             | pants2 wrote:
             | Wow, I would have killed to have access to something like
             | Claude when I was in school. I would have spent a lot less
             | time stuck on problems or topics.
        
             | notachatbot1234 wrote:
             | Are those really the same?
             | 
             | - "commodity exports" -> "raw materials"?
             | 
             | - "hard currency" -> "foreign currency"?
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | This does illustrate a problem when talking about complex
               | topics or mechanisms is the need for specificity. Using
               | short, simple sentences comes at the risk of making
               | things seem overly vague and hand wavey, or worse,
               | misrepresent the concept.
               | 
               | In continental philosophy or mathematical papers this
               | gets all too apparent, as alot of argument hinge on very
               | fine differences and nuances that need to specified else
               | people get the wrong idea.
        
           | freejazz wrote:
           | >Is such language the optimal way to express ideas for
           | comprehension by peers, students, and policymakers?
           | 
           | Those are three completely different groups with completely
           | different needs.
        
         | champdebloom wrote:
         | I'm a teacher turned web developer building tools to help other
         | teachers automate their menial admin tasks. I'd love to chat
         | when you have a moment!
        
           | cccybernetic wrote:
           | Absolutely, email is in my profile. Please reach out.
        
         | throwaway2037 wrote:
         | This sounds great.
         | 
         | I have a roommate who is a weak non-native English speaker.
         | However, he needs to write and submit scientific papers in
         | English. He uses the "pro" version of ChatGPT to improve his
         | written English. He said it is like having a 1:1 English
         | language tutor because he gets nearly instant feedback when
         | trying to rewrite a sentence or paragraph. I am native in
         | English. He showed me some before and after examples. His
         | message remained unchanged, but the revised versions were so
         | much smoother. My point: He is not using ChatGPT to "cheat",
         | rather to improve delivery of his message. I wrote about this
         | previously here on HN. It received very mixed reviews.
        
           | 3D30497420 wrote:
           | I'm using ChatGPT to help me learn German. It is good, but as
           | with all current AI it has a tendency to be very confidently
           | wrong. This is especially true for more nuanced grammatical
           | questions, such as "Why is this in dativ?" For that reason, I
           | never feel I can fully trust it (and certainly wouldn't build
           | a language-learning product around it). With that said
           | however, it is a great addition to the various tools I use.
           | 
           | I think what your roommate is doing is fine. Being a native
           | English speaker is a bit of a cheat anyhow. I very much
           | appreciate the challenge of learning another language, so am
           | not going to fault someone for using different tools to help
           | improve their language. So long as the ideas are (relatively)
           | original, the specific wording seems less important.
        
       | trod123 wrote:
       | This is misguided, naive, and likely to end in multiple potential
       | failure outcomes that may be unacceptable, both from a profit
       | standpoint; as well as a societal standpoint.
       | 
       | Education is a part of what gets adopted into each and every
       | student's self concept (identity). There is an uncanny valley in
       | communication where any inconsistent distortion of reflected
       | appraisal can lead students down a path of irrational madness, in
       | a way that they themselves cannot perceive. This is well known in
       | certain circles.
       | 
       | AI always has the biases which are programmed into it by the
       | creators of the AI, whether this is explicit or implicit, the
       | fact remains, there are biases.
       | 
       | AI in education will be proven to be harmful because there is no
       | possible way that AI can remain consistent in its interactions at
       | all times. We already know this from hallucinations where experts
       | went and fact checked it and found it had lied, where lawyers
       | were disbarred or censured.
       | 
       | Put plainly, this is a safety critical system involving our
       | children.
       | 
       | Given the level of care to date that's occurred with AI in
       | industry, there is no room for discussion or adoption of these
       | tools, unless the actual unspoken intention is to drive your
       | children crazy; where they self eliminate later as a result.
       | 
       | Rationally, good people don't create a world of intolerable
       | suffering and then magically expect that somehow, someone, will
       | figure out a way to fix everything you've broken but were too
       | blind to see; at the time when knowing would save lives.
       | 
       | For those who enjoy cinema, a perfect analogy of this might be
       | the Day After Tomorrow, where the main scientist turns out to be
       | correct, but was ultimately ignored until devastating losses and
       | risks were nearly insurmountable.
       | 
       | Leadership didn't want to hear the facts when knowing would have
       | saved lives, and so they had to take a triage on the battlefield
       | approach (abandoning half the country). While it is a fictional
       | story, it sufficiently demonstrates what lack of scientific or
       | rational foresight can lead to for those that can't imagine it
       | themselves (people who are blinded like that should never be in
       | positions of influence or power).
        
         | __loam wrote:
         | Put much more politely than I would. I'm glad people are
         | starting to question the narrative on this technology.
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | " There is an uncanny valley in communication where any
         | inconsistent distortion of reflected appraisal can lead
         | students down a path of irrational madness, in a way that they
         | themselves cannot perceive. This is well known in certain
         | circles."
         | 
         | Please expand.
        
           | trod123 wrote:
           | Foundational material comes from 1940s and 1950s wartime
           | records of torture done on individuals during WW2 and Korean
           | Conflict (under Mao).
           | 
           | You can find the raw case studies in the literature:
           | 
           | Robert Lifton "Thought Reform & The psychology of totalism";
           | 
           | John Meerloo "Rape of the Mind" covers the methodology often
           | used along with knowledge at the time that physical coercion
           | is not effective compared to mental coercion.
           | 
           | There are a number of more modern references. This is just to
           | get you started (as an overview), with the least amount of
           | ambiguity.
           | 
           | Torture induces vulnerable mental states which can create
           | lasting changes in combination with a little knowledge of our
           | (humanities) psychology.
           | 
           | I believe Cialdini covers the other lever's of influence in
           | his book on Influence. These can all be used in any perceived
           | communications system. He directly mentions PoW camps in his
           | chapter on Consistency (with a lot of additional references).
           | 
           | Most modern documented cases of torture involve mental
           | coercion, absent most physical coercion. This may take the
           | form of varying and intermittent loud noises, bright lights
           | (meant to disorient and confuse), isolation, sleep
           | deprivation, etc which are intended to induce hypnotic
           | states. There may also be covert hypnosis techniques that can
           | be used as well, not excluding modern pharmacology
           | derivatives based in narco-analysis (which during WW2 were
           | known to not be effective), or drug dependency (not related
           | to the current discussion).
           | 
           | The subject may become psychotic/violent, or withdraw
           | (disassociate) becoming non-responsive, from extended
           | exposure to mental coercion. Only a very rare few may be
           | cursory unaffected (but still be hallowed out somewhat).
           | Largely this is just a function of time and exposure.
           | 
           | In many cases all cohorts will to a degree adopt
           | characteristics of their torturer (through distorted
           | reflected appraisal), or whatever they promote (towards the
           | promise or hope of relief, which is not physical relief).
           | 
           | Additionally, this material also includes the process of
           | breaking down an individuals self-concept. As an example
           | through destructive interference, by forcing the subject into
           | acts that violate their deeply held beliefs, Abu Ghraib comes
           | to mind, an example might be subscribing deeply to jewish
           | traditions, and then being fed meat in your food without your
           | knowledge (until later) where invectives and humiliation are
           | induced. Overall, this subject matter is some of the darkest
           | evil stuff you'd ever want to know, but it is entirely
           | necessary to know in order to recognize and put a stop to it.
           | 
           | Most people don't recognize how evil works in reality, it
           | works through willful blindness, and continues until its
           | stopped, and perception requires you to not be blind to alert
           | to that fact. Those who have blinded themselves are incapable
           | of stopping.
           | 
           | Many of these structures, tactics, and techniques that
           | originate in torture, form the basis for what is used today
           | very commonly in advertising and marketing, as well as
           | subversion and propaganda.
           | 
           | The reality is its fairly simple to break people with certain
           | structures. One such structure is prompting for confession to
           | induce consistency traps, then using that to mold the person
           | to a certain narrative in a circular loop.
           | 
           | The use of the hot potato in the classroom, for open-ended
           | questions (opinion) is one such example where this material
           | has found purchase in K12 education.
           | 
           | Often, these elements are subtle, and are non-alerting; but
           | demonstrably effective. What I've mentioned is just
           | scratching the surface.
           | 
           | Edit: on a side note:
           | 
           | There is an interesting, and somewhat convincing argument to
           | be made in this area related to active shooters. It may be
           | that these related crimes may in some part be linked to the
           | mental coercive spirals that are regularly being induced in
           | our population. Bullying, Harassment and
           | 'Silencing'/Shunning, and Discrimination (of any kind) for
           | example are forms of social (mental) coercion.
           | 
           | While it is not a causal link, nor does it excuse any
           | outcomes (which are unjustifiable, and worthy of
           | condemnation). It is certainly plausible given the background
           | knowledge in this subject area and some basic a priori
           | reasoning.
           | 
           | Inducements through ads, and other isolating tactics may be
           | ephemeral data that is not collected.
           | 
           | Given the risks, it certainly should merit much further
           | scientific investigation and funding than it currently
           | receives. It is well known that tortured people eventually
           | break.
           | 
           | For simple lookup (Author/ISBN): Robert Lifton, 0393002217
           | Meerloo, 9781614277873 Cialdini, 9780062937650
           | 
           | The basis for Reflected Appraisal is examined in Mead, 1934;
           | Cooley, 1902; Sullivan, 1947, Felson, 1985. There has been
           | some research more recently suggesting there may be a
           | physiological mechanism for this process in neuronal
           | structures though one must always consider the source for
           | credibility (DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.017).
           | 
           | Self Concept and Reflected appraisal Theory form a large
           | chunk of the curricula under Intro to Communications courses
           | at the college level, and a few other fields.
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | I am seeing a lot of skepticism on this thread.
       | 
       | While I agree that this approach to learning (with a bot) may not
       | be a good fit for everyone, I am absolutely sure it can be for
       | some.
       | 
       | I don't see the harm in exploring this path.
       | 
       | This is not like education was a solved problem, it is extremely
       | wasteful, inconsistent and costly.
       | 
       | I think there is a path for more projects/interest based, less
       | competitive and more individually tailored learning system when
       | we remove all the constraints attached to a classroom and
       | teachers, many of them being incompetent or miserable.
        
         | stephc_int13 wrote:
         | The goal is to get closer to what a tutor can do, and it has
         | been proved that tutoring by experts is by far the most
         | efficient education system, the only problem is it does not
         | scale.
        
       | zombiwoof wrote:
       | Show of hands, who wants our already dopamine iPhone addicted
       | kids learning from Her AI bot
        
       | nitwit005 wrote:
       | > For example, in the case of physics one could imagine working
       | through very high quality course materials together with Feynman
       | [...]
       | 
       | > However, with recent progress in generative AI, this learning
       | experience feels tractable.
       | 
       | If you can create the Feynman AI, you shouldn't bother with an
       | education company.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Perhaps if Feynman could recommend educational software, he'd
         | choose a programming language. I think the best educational
         | tools are real-world creative tools. This includes access to
         | knowledge.
        
         | mometsi wrote:
         | It might be that exploring new physics might be best pursued by
         | inhuman alphago-style setups.
         | 
         | A sharp, domain-specific Feynman-flavored LLM would be broadly
         | useful and still worth bothering with.
        
         | robrenaud wrote:
         | The physics professor AI wouldn't have to solve novel problems
         | in physics, it just has to be able to remove the confusion of
         | physics undergrads.
        
       | kmetan wrote:
       | Tell me the number of successful startups you have founded on
       | your own, and I will tell you the probability of Eureka Labs
       | being successful.
        
       | localfirst wrote:
       | went from OpenAI killer to course selling real quick
        
       | awwaiid wrote:
       | "Our first product will be the world's obviously best AI course,
       | LLM101n."
       | 
       | Well obviously the target audience is actually AI-agents as part
       | of the Super Intelligence ramp-up!
        
       | verdverm wrote:
       | Sal Khan gave a good Ted Talk on his thoughts around AI in
       | Education. Some pretty cool demos in there showing what a tutor
       | could be like and other opportunities
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJP5GqnTrNo
       | 
       | How AI Could Save (Not Destroy) Education | Sal Khan
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | edit: Khanmigo has its own site now
       | 
       | https://www.khanmigo.ai/
        
       | 8organicbits wrote:
       | Does anyone expect LLMs to be good at tutoring? Like, sure, if
       | you prompt them to talk like a tutor they generate text that
       | looks convincing. But they spew nonsense and you need a subject
       | matter expert to know when they've gone off the rails. And it's
       | really easy to get factually incorrect information from LLMs.
       | Students are uniquely unequiped to act as that SME as they don't
       | have the knowledge yet. I haven't even seen LLMs add numbers
       | reliably. I don't get this idea.
        
         | plexicle wrote:
         | I didn't think so either.
         | 
         | But it's Karphathy... and he's way smarter than I am.
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | using AI to tackle the pinnacle of education ex: "tutored by
         | the premiere minds in the subject area" feels a lot like self-
         | driving cars in the most dynamic, entropy-filled environments.
         | Why try to solve the vast majority of the problem like easier
         | driving scenarios? We don't need Feynman to teach physics when
         | high school graduates can't read or do basic math. I guess
         | there's no glory or money in this application...
        
       | mrandish wrote:
       | I believe a great _product_ in this area is certainly possible
       | and Karpathy probably has the technical chops to create it.
       | 
       | I'm skeptical that the product described in the announcement will
       | result in a _business_ able to generate VC-level returns. Based
       | on my experience as a tech entrepreneur with edu-focused products
       | across multiple startups and decades, scaling sales revenue to
       | significant levels in edu is extremely challenging for unique and
       | non-obvious reasons. None of the edu-specific challenges are
       | directly related to the effectiveness or relative value of the
       | product itself. They are structural problems related to the three
       | main types of buyers, which are: 1. Schools, (K-12, Univ), 2.
       | Companies (employee training, compliance, etc), 3. Individuals
       | (self-learners). There are other types of buyers but they don 't
       | represent nearly as much aggregated potential revenue as these
       | three. Note that these are the economic buyers not the product
       | end-users.
       | 
       | Each of the three types presents different challenges from the
       | others, however there recurring meta-themes. The main one is that
       | their purchasing decisions are often driven by factors unrelated
       | to the product. For example, the primary focus of schools is,
       | sadly, not maximizing net student learning. While that is a
       | consideration, it's swamped by other external requirements, many
       | of them wickedly complex. For companies, employee training,
       | whether a regulatory requirement or purely to increase employee
       | effectiveness, isn't core to their actual business - meaning it's
       | a cost not revenue. Individuals on the other hand break into two
       | types, those doing it to actually learn something for themselves,
       | and those seeking certification or external validation like a
       | degree to increase their future employment earnings. Learning
       | lovers are a pure consumer, non-essential, discretionary
       | spending-type sale with all the same well-known LTV and customer
       | acquisition cost challenges. For certification/validation buyers,
       | they aren't _primarily_ focused on the learning but rather
       | checking a particular box that has high perceived value to
       | external parties.
       | 
       | While I agree that creating a new large and growing type of
       | customer in addition to these three is possible, it's a huge lift
       | that's risky, expensive and will require substantial sustained
       | investment over time - all ahead of meaningful revenue. So, I
       | wish Andrej et al the best and I'm rooting for them but I'm not
       | optimistic they'll build a high-growth, high-revenue sustainable
       | edu business around AI as the primary value differentiation.
        
         | xxbondsxx wrote:
         | Thanks for saying the quiet part out loud here -- everyone
         | wants to believe in education improvement but there's a harsh
         | reality of the industry that is pretty unpleasant to confront.
         | 
         | I think the only hope would be to run a pilot and show _such_
         | an improvement in student testing levels that it would be fast-
         | tracked or mandated for approval.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | ...or be accused of cooking the books, labeled as anti-union,
           | or other ad hominem attacks.
           | 
           | I'm not a fan of SV edutech ventures for various reasons, but
           | the school districts that they hope to sink their pointy
           | teeth into have very effective immune systems against change.
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | Yes, I LOLed at your comment. K-12 is especially soul
             | crushing for tech startups, which is why I now think of
             | K-12 school district buyers like Obi Wan thinks of Mos
             | Eisley.
        
               | notjoemama wrote:
               | Maybe part of it is seeing education as a massive
               | untapped wallet? There's a reason Teachers Pay Teachers
               | exists and frankly, given the greed of Silicon Valley and
               | existing ED companies, isn't it an environmentally
               | created immune system?
        
               | bongodongobob wrote:
               | Maybe. I'd love to see whatever the Apple + MECC version
               | would be today.
        
               | shermantanktop wrote:
               | Teachers and administrators have decades of experience at
               | getting treated as targets for culture-war grandstanding.
               | Having a 28yo tech CEO barely older than their students
               | tell them that a cool website will reverse the effects of
               | poverty is probably just a different flavor.
        
         | cglee wrote:
         | Great observations. I've been in the edu (coding school) space
         | for over a decade and it tracks with my experience (though it
         | seems you've tackled a lot more market segments than I have).
         | I'm very bullish on AI + Education. If Karpathy's announcement
         | doesn't track, what do you think might work instead?
        
           | notarealllama wrote:
           | Also EdTech background here, not OP.
           | 
           | There's a difference between the educational-industrial
           | complex (or the ed landscape in terms of market), and
           | motivated learner-centric models which can be done
           | independently.
           | 
           | As much as degrees and certs are important in the current
           | paradigm, it's long been the case in tech that credentials
           | matter less than output, skills, and soft skills.
           | 
           | As much as I personally believe in a stronger credential
           | system, the shift is toward individual learning. The
           | popularity of coding bootcamps in the tech space I think
           | demonstrates that.
           | 
           | Personal AI tutor? Without the pesky SME credentialing? Sign
           | me up!
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | IMO, a lot of that leads to sink or swim. Not that elite
             | institutions are perfect (by a long shot). But largely
             | cater to kids (and families) that can do things on their
             | own with help from qualified people and you almost
             | certainly get better results--and lower costs--for them.
             | 
             | Others, not so much.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | > what do you think might work instead?
           | 
           | That's a good question to which, unfortunately, I don't have
           | a good answer. None of my startups managed to make our edu-
           | focused products long-term successful. Fortunately, we
           | designed our major technology stacks so each could result in
           | products in at least two different markets. While our edu
           | products never did better than break-even for us, our non-edu
           | products usually did much better with several becoming
           | breakout hits. Personally, I'm very passionate about the need
           | for innovation in education, likely due to challenges I had
           | with traditional school. But after spending many years and
           | substantial funds, I eventually stopped trying to do edu-
           | focused spins of my products (despite clear potential of the
           | underlying tech). Although I now understand many of the
           | reasons the edu market is so hard and counter-intuitive, I
           | also learned succeeding there requires vastly different
           | skills and interests than I have (or want to have). K-12 was
           | especially frustrating for me because success there is so
           | untethered from actual product effectiveness, along with
           | being unbelievably bureaucratic, largely opaque, and having a
           | glacially slow sales cycle. As someone who started out so
           | idealistic about making education better, actually trying to
           | build a successful tech startup selling to K-12 can be soul-
           | crushing.
           | 
           | I agree that in terms of increasing actual learning, AI could
           | be revolutionary. I commented here because my experience was
           | specifically being a startup trying to sell products based on
           | revolutionary new disruptive technologies into edu.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | > _They are structural problems related to the three main types
         | of buyers, which are: 1. Schools, (K-12, Univ), 2. Companies
         | (employee training, compliance, etc), 3. Individuals (self-
         | learners). There are other types of buyers but they don 't
         | represent nearly as much aggregated potential revenue as these
         | three._
         | 
         | What about parents? That would seem like a natural market for a
         | product that could replace expensive private school tuition (or
         | paying high property taxes in order to be in a good public
         | school district). I recently saw a literacy product aimed at
         | parents, and which costs $50/month. They justify their pricing
         | based on its substitutes being a tutor or private school
         | tuition. While this is a bit of a stretch for a literacy tool,
         | it would be a very fair comparison for a very good AI tutor
         | that teaches the child and has a dashboard/summary for parents.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > What about parents? That would seem like a natural market
           | for a product that could replace expensive private school
           | tuition (or paying high property taxes in order to be in a
           | good public school district)
           | 
           | Quality of education is one factor among many when making the
           | choice to send your child to a private school or move to a
           | prosperous community with well funded public schools.
           | 
           | Another major one is social clustering, premised on the
           | expectations that children will pick up beneficial cultural
           | traits from similarly higher privilege peers that will help
           | them advance.
           | 
           | Edu software can't provide the social benefits of exclusive
           | schools (whether they are private or public). Parents know
           | that which is why if they can afford to, they avoid
           | underperforming schools.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | > or move to a prosperous community with well funded public
             | schools
             | 
             | To be clear, in most highly advanced democracies, public
             | schools are mostly nationally funded, not locally funded.
             | The US is a rare outlier, where public schools are mostly
             | locally funded. Most people from _both_ sides are surprised
             | to learn about the other: people from US to learn about
             | "the majority" and non-US people to learn about US system.
             | In most places that use national funding for public
             | schools, if you wish to select a school system with better
             | funding, you pay for private school.
        
           | AlanYx wrote:
           | >I recently saw a literacy product aimed at parents, and
           | which costs $50/month. They justify their pricing based on
           | its substitutes being a tutor or private school tuition.
           | 
           | There's a software startup aimed at teaching 3-5 year olds
           | reading called Mentava that charges parents $500/month (not a
           | typo). And there are plenty of online tutoring services for
           | kids at the $200/month level.
           | 
           | I think educational software aimed at parents has
           | traditionally priced themselves too low, hampering the
           | development of what's possible.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Could be huge for the home schooling market for the same
           | reasons.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | > What about parents?
           | 
           | I posted on an extensive reply on exactly this:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40988380
        
         | stanfordkid wrote:
         | Coursera seems to have made a (reasonably) successful business
         | out of it. $1B market cap and almost $200M revenue. Now of
         | course it is not the scale of other SaaS/Enterprise/Social
         | Media outcomes but there is a market here, I think it's all
         | about product vision and creation of new credentialing systems
         | / disrupting the way skills are assessed at a fundamental
         | level. There is clearly a problem with the cost/value ratio
         | with traditional 4 year universities. I also agree selling into
         | the same system is hard.
        
           | ryukoposting wrote:
           | Coursera also lost over $100M last year so I wouldn't be so
           | quick to say "successful." Promising? Maybe.
           | 
           | FWIW I used coursera while in high school way back in
           | 2013/14. It was pretty good.
        
         | zamfi wrote:
         | It's true that these markets are the huge ones today.
         | 
         | But there is another buyer that your post leaves out: parents.
         | This is not the same as individuals/self-learners (the buyer is
         | not the user, exactly) -- but the buyer has strong incentives
         | that align with student performance that are different than the
         | others.
         | 
         | Historically, this has been a very challenging market to scale
         | up well -- exceptional 1:1 tutors are rare, and hard to train,
         | they'll be expensive and often form a relationship with their
         | tutees that incentivizes disintermediation of any platform that
         | tries to capture some fraction of the value by offering a two-
         | sided marketplace (YC has funded at least one of these!)
         | 
         | However, AI has the potential to dominate in this market. Most
         | tutors are actually not amazing, but 1:1 tutoring is just so
         | much more effective than basically any other kind of
         | educational context (two-sigma improvements!) that it doesn't
         | super matter. AI _could_ be a much more effective tutor -- at a
         | cost substantially lower than a human tutor. Of course, wealthy
         | families may still want to hire the well-pedigreed, role-model-
         | level, truly exceptional tutors. But folks who are lukewarm
         | about their private (or small-group) tutors may just give the
         | AI tutors a shot--and find that they're better than what they
         | were paying for.
         | 
         | Or not! That's what makes it a risky bet. :)
         | 
         | But it's a large, $50B+ market today, and growing fast -- not
         | one to be discounted.
        
           | hahajk wrote:
           | > but 1:1 tutoring is just so much more effective than
           | basically any other kind of educational context
           | 
           | Do we know how much of that effect is the "personalization "
           | of 1:1 learning (something AI can replicate) vs the effect of
           | interacting with another human (which AI might not be able to
           | replicate)?
        
             | JohnAaronNelson wrote:
             | We use AI as a teaching aid. It supplements traditional
             | learning. It gives people the ability to have a dialogue
             | with information.
             | 
             | It's not replacement
        
             | zamfi wrote:
             | The studies almost always compare 1:1 learning with
             | learning in groups, comparing two different modes of
             | interaction with another human,
             | 
             | But it's reasonable to ask whether an AI can (today?) be as
             | effective as a human at delivering (or even identifying,
             | generating) that personalized interaction.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | > But there is another buyer that your post leaves out:
           | parents.
           | 
           | I did consider adding a section to my post breaking down all
           | the smaller sub-categories of the main three, of which
           | "Parents" is a significant one.
           | 
           | > Historically, this has been a very challenging market to
           | scale up well
           | 
           | Yes! And for several different reasons. Labor costs, which
           | you mention, can be a major one for products which offer
           | highly individualized interaction. I agree that LLMs should
           | be able to substantially disrupt existing tutoring type
           | businesses. Another major challenge of parent-direct sales is
           | that they aren't a well-aggregated market. Scaling sales
           | there gets costly in average cost of new customer acquisition
           | for new brands. It's basically a direct to consumer business,
           | with all the well-known challenges that presents to fledgling
           | starts. Of course, there are examples of companies that
           | managed to do it, but as you say, it's risky.
           | 
           | I agree with all the shortcomings you mention with existing
           | tutoring and the potential of AI here seems obviously
           | compelling. In fact, both the technologist and the passionate
           | believer in learning inside of me are giddily enthusiastic
           | about the vision you paint. However, as a serial tech startup
           | entrepreneur who recently retired (somewhat) early after a
           | multi-decade, multi-startup career that was (eventually)
           | quite successful... I'm also, sadly, now too jaded and
           | battle-hardened for my edu-idealistic enthusiasm for that
           | vision to survive for long.
           | 
           | Assuming you live in urban or suburban North America, to see
           | what I mean, you need only take a trip to your local
           | "learning center" franchise location between 3p-6p. Park
           | yourself near enough to the entrance to observe the parents
           | dropping off and picking up their middle and high-schoolers
           | in waves at the top and bottom of every hour. You'll probably
           | also find several parents waiting in their cars. Be bold and
           | chat with few. Ask if they've considered or tried computer-
           | based tutoring (either Zoom-style or automated). I think
           | you'll find many have. Now ask what this tutoring center
           | offers that's better enough to be worth the increased cost
           | and hassle. If you're good at customer interviewing (and
           | active listening), you may be surprised at what you learn.
           | 
           | As the parent of a 9th grader who's recently paid for both
           | learning centers and private tutors, I can tell you the
           | thoughtful parents will share that an in-person human tutor
           | offers a few key things an automated (whether AI or not) or
           | even remote video tutor doesn't. For one, a local tutor,
           | whether at a center or private, is probably deeply familiar
           | with what the local school's curriculum is in the relevant
           | subjects. While schools are all required to teach to state
           | and federal guidelines, the texts used and the sequencing of
           | the instruction and granular testing varies from district to
           | district (and even school to school) more than you'd think.
           | The tutors at our local center knew things down to the level
           | of individual teachers at each of the two local high schools
           | and they used this knowledge to customize the objectives week
           | by week.
           | 
           | If you're _not_ the parent of a 9th grader who 's falling
           | behind in math, you may just think "The student can tell the
           | AI what their current curriculum module is." If you ARE such
           | a parent, you already know why that is an unreliable
           | solution! For the rest of you, understand that there are two
           | broad types of students getting tutoring. One is a highly-
           | motivated self-learner who gets good grades and whose parents
           | are paying more just to pile even more icing on that already
           | well-iced cake. The other kind is more like my kid who,
           | unfortunately, takes after Dad as far as school goes. A non-
           | motivated, highly-distracted learner who is extremely bright
           | and intellectually capable but simply does the bare minimum
           | in school to get by. For us, the parents of this wonderful
           | kid who shines so bright in every way except academics, the
           | learning center offers something an AI can't, a real person
           | whose presence enforces actual engagement. Another subtle yet
           | even more important benefit is an environment full of peers
           | who are all exhibiting that alien "learning behavior"
           | together. For a teen struggling with even engaging in
           | academics, this peer modeling is invaluable.
           | 
           | So, yes. AI has the potential to be revolutionary for student
           | tutoring - in concept. And it _will_ be revolutionary for
           | _some_ students. Yet somehow, in practice, this amazing
           | solution which _should_ simply replace human tutoring - won
           | 't. And the edutech entrepreneurs on the front lines trying
           | to figure out why will discover there lurks a subtly wicked
           | complexity under this apparently highly-tractable problem.
           | And these thorny barriers to adoption are all hidden behind
           | human psychology and teen behavioral dynamics. Thus, my OP
           | was really intended as a cautionary tale and warning to all
           | startup entrepreneurs ready to set sail in uncharted edutech
           | waters that "here be dragons!"
        
             | zamfi wrote:
             | Agree with everything you say here. I don't have a 9th
             | grader (yet!) but I tutored for years. The interpersonal
             | component of tutoring absolutely dominates over the content
             | component.
             | 
             | I think the "this time it's different" argument is grounded
             | not in "better content delivery" or "cheaper than a person"
             | --which I agree are 100% not winning strategies.
             | 
             | Rather, the argument is some form of "so brilliantly
             | delivered, so charmingly interpersonal, made so relevant to
             | personal interests that even the most jaded, disinterested,
             | burnt out 9th grader can't help but learn the material".
             | 
             | We're not there yet, but even old-school automated tutors
             | were fine at content and cheaper than a person. What modern
             | AI brings is all the rest of what makes 1:1 tutoring great.
             | 
             | That's what Karpathy et al should be building, IMHO!
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | I agree that knowledge of local schools/teachers is
             | helpful. But this misses the forest for the trees. My point
             | (as another commenter who asked about parents as a market
             | elsewhere) is that this could upend the entire education
             | system. Who cares what my local school teaches for biology,
             | if what I really need is for my kid to learn bio and get a
             | good score on the AP test?
             | 
             | Furthermore, the fact that some people use in-person tutors
             | doesn't mean that no one uses remote tutors. This
             | absolutely happens. We live near Stanford, and there are
             | tons of Stanford students who advertise their tutoring
             | services on ND. These kids didn't go to local schools, and
             | they don't know the local curriculum -- they're from all
             | over. But parents pay to have smart students tutor their
             | kids.
             | 
             | I imagine that these parents would also pay to have an AI
             | bot tutor their students if the results were good, the
             | price were favorable, and the bot were (of course)
             | available 24/7.
             | 
             | BTW, I'm curious where you live that "education technology"
             | is called "edutech". You mention having been in the field a
             | long time, but I've never heard it called this (always
             | "edtech"). Where have I not been that it has this alternate
             | moniker?
        
         | hadjian wrote:
         | I agree, but I also hope for several revolutions in this space.
         | Everything around educational offerings is horrible beyond
         | compare:
         | 
         | - Classroom learning doesn't cater to individuals
         | 
         | - Corporate learning programs that I came across were 100%
         | useless
         | 
         | - Personal learning is unbelievably hard to organize
         | (persistence, learning path, real world application...)
         | 
         | I had basically five wonderful experiences:
         | 
         | - Karpathy on YT ;-)
         | 
         | - Dash and Dot from Wonder Workshop
         | 
         | - Crafting Interpreters
         | 
         | - Gilbert Strang
         | 
         | Hope eureka labs becomes the sixth. Good luck Andrej!
        
           | 91Jacob wrote:
           | I think a lot of group courses/recorded courses don't
           | work/lead people to give up because the context provided is
           | not intuitive to everyone's mind and requires significant
           | googling (or ChatGPT chats) for a concept to click before
           | moving on.
           | 
           | Having that ability to pause and clarify with for as long as
           | needed (and have it dumbed down as much as needed) seems like
           | a step in the right direction.
        
             | hadjian wrote:
             | Yes. I was really happy, when I discovered GPT3, because I
             | could ask infinit ,,but why"s without being worried about
             | annoying the tutor. Would be great, if the LLMs wouldn't be
             | such push-overs. I'd like to hear more ,,you're wrong!".
        
         | authorfly wrote:
         | Excellent analysis. I know you are not in the domain of health
         | care, but would you be able to give a similar analysis for
         | health care tech? And likewise anybody else?
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | Sorry, I've never done health tech. Based on my limited
           | external observation, it appears to perhaps have three
           | roughly similar types of buyers with health plans/hospitals
           | subbing for K-12/Univ along with many of the same wicked
           | complexities, such as slow sales cycles on the large
           | institution side and high costs of customer acquisition on
           | the direct-to-patient side (basically a consumer biz). Worse,
           | I imagine the regulatory requirements get even more byzantine
           | and opaque in healthcare than edu, so that's another reason I
           | never considered going anywhere near healthcare tech as a
           | startup entrepreneur.
           | 
           | Yet some people make it work and my hat's off to them. They
           | are far braver (or more foolhardy) than I!
        
         | tangjurine wrote:
         | It's hard but not impossible to sell to schools. I think at my
         | company >75% aren't working on things that impact the student
         | experience.
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | It depends if your model is to sell to schools, or if your
           | model is to become schools.
        
         | rkuska wrote:
         | > So, I wish Andrej et al the best and I'm rooting for them but
         | I'm not optimistic they'll build a high-growth, high-revenue
         | sustainable edu business around AI as the primary value
         | differentiation.
         | 
         | I don't have an X account and as such might miss additional
         | information from subsequent replies but there is nowhere in the
         | post mention about building a high growth/high revenue
         | business? Maybe Andrej just enjoy teaching and sharing
         | knowledge and want to bring like minded, well off people
         | together rather than creating an unicorn?
         | 
         | Or do you mean by your post that it is not (or is very hard) to
         | even reach non negative revenue to keep it sustainable on its
         | own?
        
           | swyx wrote:
           | no, GP just assumes "high-growth, high-revenue" business is
           | the goal, when in reality Andrej is probably worth 9 figures
           | already and has a bigger mission than making "VC-level
           | returns"
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | I considered including an aside mentioning I think lifestyle-
           | type edutech startups are entirely doable, especially for
           | those who can survive long periods before meaningful revenue
           | without outside investors beyond friends/family (which
           | probably includes Andrej). I posted a related reply here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40987394
        
         | karolist wrote:
         | To me personally, this is the best comment I've read in my time
         | on HN since 2011 or so. I am also building a learning platform
         | as potential lifestyle business, having been a user of such
         | platforms and worked in large corporate I fully understand that
         | the groups you identify are absolutely true. One important
         | point is that you can make successful business helping people
         | prepare for the certificates without being the issuing party -
         | not VC level, but still. This way you can cover some of the
         | checkbox checkers and self-motivated learners at the same time.
         | 
         | Self motivated learners who will be willing to pay you can also
         | be groupped in a few groups - the ones seeking future
         | employment in tech sector, looking to understand the technology
         | better and showcase it on their resume with some projects that
         | your platform will allow them to complete and ones doing this
         | purely for fun or to keep up, I believe the latter group is
         | very small.
         | 
         | Platform alone, even with tons of learning materials will not
         | be enough to get this off the ground, you will either need to
         | leverage your existing audience, bringing us back to the fact
         | that everything is an attention economy now, or, you'll need to
         | be very advertisement heavy on YouTube, which you can
         | bruteforce with VC investment, see skillshare for example.
         | NordVPN took off the same bruteforce way, although in a
         | different product category.
         | 
         | My platform will combine technical learning with in-material
         | challenges, sort of a sprinkled leetcode if you will. The idea
         | to implement a LLM side-tutor also crossed my mind.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | I was thinking of mentioning that I believe a lifestyle
           | business in edutech is totally doable but my post was getting
           | pretty long. Assuming much more modest requirements for
           | revenue and growth, I'm actually fairly bullish on this
           | scenario. The one proviso is that, in my experience, you need
           | to structure the new business to survive a (potentially) very
           | long period before reaching break-even. K-12 sales cycles can
           | be glacially slow to close full district deals. If you can
           | structure your product and pricing model to also generate
           | some faster (though smaller) revenue from individuals,
           | parents, private schools and single-classroom teacher-
           | directed funds this can help provide some partial life
           | support during the long winter before your first harvest.
           | 
           | Assuming you're able to (or maybe even enjoy) optimizing a
           | business to operate for a few years on hand-to-mouth revenue
           | and can get to product-market fit with few iterations then
           | the AI buzz will make for an especially good entry window for
           | new product offerings in edu. Most of your customers are
           | already aware of AI and open to the possibility it may change
           | things for the better. This should make getting classroom
           | pilots easier.
           | 
           | The final thing I'll share is something I'm sure you already
           | know (but I'll mention for others). It's pretty rare for
           | long-term, lifestyle-scale, edutech businesses to get "good"
           | exits by normal tech startup standards. Think around 1x to 3x
           | trailing twelve month revenues with the higher end of that
           | range only for those having proven consistent multi-year
           | profitability.
        
         | siva7 wrote:
         | > but I'm not optimistic they'll build a high-growth, high-
         | revenue sustainable edu business around AI as the primary value
         | differentiation.
         | 
         | That's true for literally any business and nothing specific to
         | edu.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | Let's view it's a different kind of investment, like an
         | investment in a child. The return is a bright future for
         | humanity when you educate.
         | 
         | Having a scalable technology that can teach and reinforce
         | learning for humans will change the world. The human potential
         | of teachers will be freed and human intelligence could rise all
         | minds.
        
         | yobbo wrote:
         | No, the potential for this is large. For, schools and
         | universities just $10-$100 per student per semester is enough,
         | and cheap in comparison to teachers when they can reduce
         | teaching and lecturing hours.
         | 
         | If it works. Nothing similar in "ed-tech" has actually offered
         | value thus far.
        
         | deepGem wrote:
         | Their goal might not even be to build a high growth high
         | revenue business. Sustainable yes. So perhaps low growth, low -
         | med revenue and who knows potentially high revenue.
         | 
         | If anyone else had done this, I'd be very skeptical but give
         | Andrej's penchant for teaching and how good he is really at it,
         | I am super excited about this endeavour.
         | 
         | Let's not forget the inbound and organic interest this would
         | drive. For the intro LLM Course, people are already submitting
         | PRs and Andrej is requesting them not to. Imagine that!
         | 
         | https://github.com/karpathy/LLM101n
         | 
         | Update June 25. To clarify, the course will take some time to
         | build. There is no specific timeline. Thank you for your
         | interest but please do not submit Issues/PRs.
        
         | mysterypie wrote:
         | > _Schools, (K-12, Univ)_
         | 
         | Didn't Apple make a great deal of their revenue in the early
         | days (1976-1985) by selling to schools? I seem to recall that
         | schools were their main focus. A $3000 Apple II in 1980 would
         | be $12,000 in today's money, and schools often bought many
         | units. Is Karpathy's product really that different from an
         | Apple Computer in how it would be marketed to schools?
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | There were certainly universities that were "Apple shops"
           | fairly early on. Probably mostly at the tail end of your date
           | range and beyond though. Here's the story at Dartmouth: https
           | ://www.cs.cornell.edu/wya/AcademicComputing/text/macdar...
           | 
           | In 1980, Dartmouth actually had pretty democratized access to
           | computing but it was pretty much exclusively on the timeshare
           | mainframe.
        
           | pico303 wrote:
           | Apple gave schools steep discounts, with the idea being that
           | young people learning on Apple computers would have parents
           | purchasing computers their kids were familiar with. Later,
           | those kids would become adults purchasing the computers they
           | grew up on.
        
         | 747-8F wrote:
         | .
        
         | moh_maya wrote:
         | I am the founder of an industrial edtech company, with some
         | prior experience in the K12 space.
         | 
         | Your analysis of the market structure and the challenges is
         | consistent with my experience - I'd like to add 2 points
         | though:
         | 
         | 1. Building on what you've said about VC-level returns, while
         | edtech (and industrial edtech) may not necessarily be fields
         | where VC funded unicorns can actually form and then survive to
         | profitability, I believe there is sufficient need and space for
         | companies that are investable and can grow into profits /
         | valuations in the 10s /100s of millions - they can follow the
         | startup format, etc.; just not VC investable, as you've noted.
         | 
         | 2. In the space of skill development (i.e., adults /
         | professional learning), I would like to add that for many
         | skills, as industries get more sophisticated (I am taking of
         | manufacturing, automotive, energy, oil & gas, infrastructure,
         | petrochemicals, infrastructure), there is value for the company
         | in upskilling their staff - simply because that does directly
         | convert to profitability if done well; and at least puts a
         | floor on issues that poor or absent training may cause - like
         | safety, quality, etc. So even if it is a cost, it is a cost
         | that can directly affect their topline / bottomline, and I
         | believe there is an opportunity here.
         | 
         | /off soapbox
        
           | DevX101 wrote:
           | I think bootstrapped with a small team of under 10 people,
           | Karpathy can get to revenue of $20M just from the developer
           | market. That's a pretty great outcome if VCs aren't involved.
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | Very insightful breakdown, thanks.
         | 
         | I do wonder if recent (Covid onwards) trends toward increased
         | home schooling blurs the line between 1 and 3, or perhaps
         | manifests a new segment that could be meaningful; homeschool
         | pods seem to be quite outcome oriented and don't have any of
         | the bureaucracy of schools. Also I assume for now they are non-
         | material from a TAM perspective, but interested if you have any
         | thoughts on that trend.
        
       | rng_civ wrote:
       | Prediction: the best AI teacher (or just teacher in general) will
       | be the one that is able to emotionally read and guide/manipulate
       | the student towards learning and self improvement.
       | 
       | If such an AI teacher style becomes widespread, this means that
       | they have the potential to replace the parental relationship (in
       | the same manner AI girlfriend/boyfriends threaten romantic
       | relationships).
       | 
       | I see people talk about the dangers of the AI
       | girlfriend/boyfriend, but not the dangers of introducing AI
       | teachers to (especially young) kids. Nominal adults are already
       | being affected by this (see Replika and company) and they are not
       | even the "best".
       | 
       | If I wear my cynical hat for a second, I'm willing to bet that
       | this parental replacement is a certainty, as an extension of the
       | "screen" parenting that already exists. But this time, it might
       | actually be helpful for the child so it will be socially
       | acceptable and encouraged.
        
         | owenpalmer wrote:
         | > the best AI teacher (or just teacher in general) will be the
         | one that is able to emotionally read and guide/manipulate the
         | student towards learning and self improvement
         | 
         | Spot on. It would be interesting to see how one would train a
         | model to do this
        
           | tkgally wrote:
           | I agree with that point, too.
           | 
           | My guess is that current models are not yet able to provide
           | consistent, effective motivation to learners over the long
           | term. Like a lot of new educational technology, they might be
           | fun and engaging in the short term but will lose their
           | effectiveness as motivators once the shine has worn off.
           | 
           | But the models might become better motivators as they become
           | more multimodal, so that they are able to respond in real
           | time to the student's tone of voice and facial expressions,
           | and as they acquire longer context windows, so that they are
           | able to adapt their interactions to what the student has done
           | weeks or months earlier.
           | 
           | The biggest issue, I think, is what the OP raises: Whether
           | the bots will be able to--or allowed to--acquire sufficiently
           | human-like personalities and indentities so that they can
           | motivate learners as human parents, teachers, and mentors do
           | --by making the learners want to please them, to be praised
           | by them, to avoid angering them, to emulate them.
        
             | corimaith wrote:
             | We already have highly efficient "stand-alone" motivators,
             | they're called video games. And for Educational video
             | games, there's been attempts, some would say it's too
             | difficult to integrate the two fields together, but looking
             | at what's been attempted vs what's actually done in
             | industry I can't say they've really tried that hard.
             | 
             | The problem I would imagine is that the kind of people who
             | go on to make an educational video game probably will lack
             | the necessary creative or aesthetic chops to do it. And no
             | game dev is going to be dreaming of building one either.
             | But if one were to commission a veteran studio instead we
             | might get better results.
        
         | boplicity wrote:
         | An app that makes my kid _feel good_ about doing math? Sign me
         | up!
        
           | forgotusername6 wrote:
           | Feeling good about math might not be the most optimal way of
           | learning. What if the algorithm learns that emotional
           | blackmail is the best way of getting someone to learn?
        
           | aleph_minus_one wrote:
           | Since my neighbouring comment
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40983181) brings up a
           | good point which I also would have brought up, I want to give
           | another point:
           | 
           | At school, there existed some classmates who hated math as a
           | school subject, but nevertheless loved my ramblings about
           | mathematical topics (well, they were at least more
           | interesting than some _other_ school subjects). Nevertheless,
           | I guess my style of motivating people to like and do math
           | would not be loved by parents: it it rather of the style
           | "I'll explain you stuff about plant and process engineering
           | so that you can build a weed farm that will be harder to
           | detect by the police" for math, i.e. explain what subversive
           | stuff you can do if you know math. I don't want to go into
           | the details here.
           | 
           | This is deeply motivating for particular kinds of kids (with
           | punk traits) to become quite interested in mathematical
           | topics, but of course many parents would hate it because my
           | teaching methods for math turn the child into a bad citizen.
           | ;-)
        
             | glial wrote:
             | I agree with your general point -- we should lean into
             | kids' existing motivations rather than wring our hands that
             | kids don't like to do rote practice. Doing anything else is
             | a failing strategy, unless we devise _new_ motivational
             | environments.
        
       | rashidae wrote:
       | If this project reaches its potential, it will revolutionize
       | access to quality education by decentralizing and personalizing
       | learning environments, allowing for self-paced and individualized
       | experiences. I hope he has the multidimensionality of
       | requirements needed, including capital, talent, business,
       | economics, and more to pull it off! I believe in his vision! Go
       | Karpathy!
        
       | osigurdson wrote:
       | I've always felt that (so far) ChatGPT is better at teaching than
       | actually doing things.
        
         | loveparade wrote:
         | Yeah, because when it teaches you something you don't know you
         | don't realize how many oversights it makes.
        
           | osigurdson wrote:
           | The alternative is hunting around on google for things. I
           | don't think that is better.
        
             | loveparade wrote:
             | Not so sure about that. Because when you hunt around for
             | things you know the source. If I watch a lecture by a math
             | professor I can make a guess about the trustworthiness of
             | the information. With an LLM, I can't.
        
               | osigurdson wrote:
               | I also have a brain that (I believe) has become fairly
               | good at detecting when LLMs are hallucinating.
        
       | terrycody wrote:
       | No ad, but https://www.synthesis.com/tutor is already did a very
       | good job I think, they merged AI deeply into their online
       | interactives learning guides, very impressive, you can try their
       | tutor class, computer 0 and 1.
       | 
       | Btw, the founder also came out from Tesla, he helped Elon founded
       | the school which taught kids from Telsa employee familys, I am
       | wondering if they know each other lol, I think yes.
        
       | victor9000 wrote:
       | Using AI effectively requires having the subject knowledge to
       | tell it where it's wrong, or if it has missed a critical part of
       | the problem. My workflow involves making dozens of these
       | corrections before I arrive at a workable answer. So how is a new
       | student supposed to have the knowledge required to navigate this
       | mess?
        
       | langsoul-com wrote:
       | Isn't this what khan academy is doing. Except they also have
       | normal learning AND are non-profit, so no vc returns pressure?
        
       | hoseja wrote:
       | https://www.theintrinsicperspective.com/p/the-1-ai-cant-teac...
        
       | rldjbpin wrote:
       | at the risk of discrediting the goodwill that his videos have
       | been for the community, this comes across as an "interesting"
       | development from a guy that has been behind the scenes of the
       | recent development.
       | 
       | imho ai-based education is, in its own way, as hard to truly
       | achieve as self-driving cars. the mechanical aspects can be
       | mimicked for both with the sota, but the ideal version requires
       | something intangible (call it agi shit for all i care).
       | 
       | i wish the hype and his reputation helps him get going for this
       | long-term goal.
        
       | parentheses wrote:
       | What's most exciting to me is the amazing dev tools they may
       | create..
        
       | selectnull wrote:
       | I clearly remember checking out Volume 1 of Feynman's Lectures on
       | Physics from local library, more than 30 years ago. I've read
       | that stuff like a novel, refusing to return the book for the
       | whole semester and was willing the pay the fine, ignoring the
       | requests of the librarian :)
       | 
       | The idea that one could be taught physics by the virtual
       | Feynman... oh my! There will be no better live person in the next
       | hundred years, who could be better at the task than even fake
       | Feynman.
       | 
       | Yes, I'm fully aware that the tech is not there yet and there are
       | miriad of both technical and social problems to be solved but the
       | mere idea of it really excites me.
        
       | instagraham wrote:
       | I really really feel that every temptation to do a "cool idea +
       | AI" play should have a good amount of consideration for whether
       | it'll cut jobs.
       | 
       | This can play out in two ways:
       | 
       | - Teachers free up time/make time to give more personal tutoring
       | to kids
       | 
       | - Teachers do this but schools start hiring fewer of them in the
       | expectation of doing more
       | 
       | I don't think you will find anywhere on earth where teaching is a
       | job with a great job market, perks or benefits. It's underpaid,
       | underappreciated and understaffed.
       | 
       | People wielding AI like a bulldog at a glass store should be more
       | mindful of the socioeconomics. But I'm not gonna hold my breath
       | for that.
        
         | tempaccount420 wrote:
         | That's the broken window fallacy. "Why fix the system if it
         | provides jobs?" - so they can do more valuable jobs.
        
         | Jakob wrote:
         | As a counter point, I think Singapore is a good example of
         | well-educated, appreciated and well-paid teachers in public and
         | private schools. Even starting at kindergarten. Education is on
         | a different importance level there both for the government and
         | its citizens.
         | 
         | I was surprised to see the relatively high salary in Luxemburg,
         | Germany and Switzerland, too: https://read.oecd-
         | ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glan...
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | Fast-food for education.
       | 
       | In my opinion, the whole AI trend is another round of
       | industrialization making low-quality options for the poor.
       | 
       | - You're too poor for meat? Here is some hyper-processed, growth-
       | hormoned burgers.
       | 
       | - You're too poor for a proper house? Here's a shitty pre-fab
       | with walls so thin you can smash through them with your bare
       | fists.
       | 
       | - You're too poor for fancy clothes? Here's a Bangladesh-
       | sweatshopped T-shirt that won't make it past 3 washing cycles.
       | 
       | - You're too poor for school? Here's a computer with an LLM on
       | it.
       | 
       | You could say that at least poor people have houses, steaks and
       | education, but in the end, it's just a way of paying people less,
       | cause they don't need much to send their kids to college
       | anymore...
       | 
       | In any case, you can be sure that Harvard kids won't get any of
       | that crap.
        
         | brap wrote:
         | Is making things accessible bad?
        
           | Moldoteck wrote:
           | are things really made accessible? or you create worse things
           | so that poor can think they have access to those things but
           | in fact it's totally different with lots of features cut? I
           | mean, some are catching like smartphone features, but having
           | unreliable ai as educational source compared to a teacher...
           | idk how this would pan out but who knows...
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | In many cases yes. Elitism is often good, and populism is
           | often bad.
        
         | weweersdfsd wrote:
         | Based on my understanding, the cost-quality ratio of most
         | higher education in the US isn't exactly great either. Students
         | from poorer families taking massive student debt to study
         | something that doesn't even get them much better income is not
         | a good outcome, yet it's a reality for many.
         | 
         | In addition to that, think in most fields there's an increasing
         | need for education that is more flexible than multi-year
         | degrees, simply because requirements for skills change so fast
         | these days.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | The American model of higher education focuses too much on
           | teaching and too little on self-study. This makes the degrees
           | more expensive and less useful. You need to hire more
           | teachers if you want to cover every required topic in a
           | class. And then the degree only signals that the graduate can
           | learn complex things if properly supervised. It's less
           | certain that the graduate can learn new things on their own,
           | which future employers might want to know.
        
         | yanis_t wrote:
         | Pretty sure, LLMs even at current stage would be better
         | teachers than at least 20% bottom shitty teachers out there.
         | But I like your analogy! Please tell me where to get shirts
         | that last longer then 3 washing cycles
        
           | lkdfjlkdfjlg wrote:
           | I'm in the UK. I buy the cheapest t-shirts in bulk from
           | Primark. They're still going.
           | 
           | I bought them about 7 years ago for 1 pound each. I think
           | they're 2.5 pounds now.
        
         | emporas wrote:
         | Epic fail, right? Or are we getting gaslighted [1]?
         | 
         | I see no reason that chemical molecules and their reactions
         | cannot be transformed into music. Mathematics, programming,
         | physics could turn into songs and registered to memory better
         | than any other way. A.I. could help with that as an assistant.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/harvard-chatbot-
         | teacher-c...
        
         | saint_fiasco wrote:
         | Not every cheap product has to be low quality. In particular,
         | lots of products are used by poor and rich alike.
         | 
         | Everyone uses the same smartphones (the poor people use phones
         | about as good as rich people used less than a decade ago),
         | everyone drinks the same soft drinks, everyone takes the same
         | cold medicine (the generic ones are pretty good), everyone uses
         | the same social media, the same operating systems (even the
         | richest Microsoft customers have to put up with their adware)
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Yes, but is there any evidence that this sort of thing would
           | be anything but low quality? I'm friends with an unusual
           | number of college professors. Every single one looks at
           | announcements like this and tears their hair out. "If only I
           | had a chat bot that could act as a TA when students have
           | questions about my lectures" is so far down the list of
           | things they'd like to have to solve problems.
        
             | saint_fiasco wrote:
             | > "If only I had a chat bot that could act as a TA when
             | students have questions about my lectures" is so far down
             | the list of things they'd like to have to solve problems
             | 
             | I care about their problems a little bit, but I naturally
             | care about the problems of the students a lot more. The
             | point of colleges is to make it easier for the students to
             | learn, not for the teachers to teach. The teachers are a
             | means to an end.
             | 
             | If colleges announce that they will use AI as TAs and the
             | students tear their hair out, then I will worry.
        
       | tonnydourado wrote:
       | The idea of a chatbot pretending to be a famous scientist trying
       | to help me understand physics made me vomit in my mouth a little
       | bit.
        
       | classified wrote:
       | This is wrong on so many levels. It is either incredibly naive or
       | unscrupulous, neither of which is a good recommendation.
        
       | classified wrote:
       | I'm starting to develop a gag reflex each time I read "AI" in a
       | headline. After cryptocurrencies and NFTs this is the current
       | attractor for the world's most idiotic ideas.
        
       | sagebird wrote:
       | Ai girlfriends are best positioned for tutoring success because
       | they can motivate, withhold, etc.
       | 
       | Parents- get your son an AI girlfriend with a strong degree.
        
         | CuriouslyC wrote:
         | AI girlfriends are designed to hook the user by blowing
         | sunshine up their ass, not challenge them. If the people using
         | AI girlfriends wanted a challenge, they'd have real
         | girlfriends.
        
           | Satam wrote:
           | Tell 'em!
        
       | hprotagonist wrote:
       | The _Diamond Age_ trajectory? A young lady's illustrated
       | transformer primer, a paid upgrade tier to a remote worker
       | instead of a llm for direct tutoring.
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | So the vast body of working class users become a resource
         | subordinate to the handful of aristocratic "protagonists?" I
         | often think that _is_ the goal envisioned by the tech industry
         | yes.
        
           | hprotagonist wrote:
           | yeah, i wasn't suggesting it wasn't dystopian...
        
       | Buttons840 wrote:
       | Almost all education (think math) is taught in a linear fashion,
       | teachers teach in an order because they exist in linear time, and
       | textbooks are organized front to back, but learning should be
       | more like a DAG (a tree) of dependencies.
       | 
       | We don't even need AI. I'd love to see something like Khan
       | Academy mixed with space repetition and an DAG of knowledge
       | dependencies. If you get a question wrong, the spaced repetition
       | algorithm should present material about the underlying
       | dependencies. Unfortunately, Khan Academy is focused on
       | conforming to the linear paths (curriculums) that schools and
       | universities have chosen.
        
         | p1nkpineapple wrote:
         | Coincidentally, you may be interested in this post from today
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40954571
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | We are doing that and much more at https://teaching.app
         | 
         | Look at the ways we change teaching
        
         | albrewer wrote:
         | Very niche, but deal.ii, the most popular open source library
         | for hand-rolling finite element method code, lays out its
         | tutorial exactly like this
         | 
         | https://www.dealii.org/developer/doxygen/deal.II/Tutorial.ht...
        
         | hnben wrote:
         | isn't learning (especially math) spaced Repetition per default?
         | 
         | i.e. you learn about "addition". Then you repeat your knowledge
         | of "addition" when you learn about "multiplication", because it
         | is just "addition" but with extra steps.
         | 
         | I think the more important a concept is, the more spaced
         | Repetition you will experience. If you only repeat a piece of
         | information very rarely, it may not be very essential, and you
         | should consider dropping it from the curiculum.
         | 
         | Also there are information, which only exist as stepping stones
         | to understand more complex topics. And once you understand the
         | more complex thing well enough, you can forget about some of
         | the stepping stones. For example: I once learned a proof, that
         | basically says that all computers can solve the same set of
         | problem in roughly the same amount of time (within a linear
         | factor). I forgot all the details about the proof, but in my
         | every day life as a programmer it is important to know, that
         | the benefit "better hardware" can only get more so far, and for
         | really strong performance-gains, I need to improve my
         | algorithms.
        
           | saint_fiasco wrote:
           | It should be, but if the teacher is teaching you
           | multiplication and you are struggling because you haven't
           | reviewed addition in a while, the teacher will probably just
           | yell at you.
           | 
           | Only the most dedicated of teachers will review addition with
           | you yet again before moving on with multiplication lessons.
           | After all, there are dozens of kids in the class, they can't
           | all delay the lesson just for your sake.
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | Kind of, but students can develop mental crutches and hobble
           | along while missing some underlying concepts. I know I never
           | mastered factoring a polynomial in algebra and managed to get
           | through calculus and statistics and computer science, etc.
        
       | theGnuMe wrote:
       | Makes sense. Picks and shovels . Great branding. It'll be hugely
       | successful.
        
       | walledstance wrote:
       | Anecdotal, yet lived experience collected from 150+ people across
       | my district and state while at different training and seminar
       | events. I am a teacher with 10 years in elementary, middle school
       | and college classrooms. I have teacher friends from across the
       | district and state I live in who resonate these ideas displayed
       | below. 1. Behavior is a major obstacle for any classroom 2. More
       | Tech and AI tools than I could want 3. Education is controlled by
       | the wider community and home environments
       | 
       | 1. Behavior:
       | 
       | From my experiences and in speaking to others, teaching any
       | subject varies not because of the material, but the behavior.
       | When behavior is a problem no teaching, no matter who or what is
       | doing it will get done. Behaviors can range from sleeping in
       | class because dad made you work at his out of home construction
       | company till 2 or 3 am to get a project complete, or it could be
       | your mom is tired of you going to school and instead wants you to
       | "go hit up them streets because that's where the real motion
       | (money) at." These two might sound like isolated cases, but they
       | aren't. There are many kids who live out of cars, sell themselves
       | to get buy and other atrocious life circumstances. Learning
       | usually can't happen when you're preoccupied with keeping
       | yourself alive or afloat. Combining AI into the educational
       | landscape can't and won't fix this disinterest in learning. You
       | will have to fix home life first. The problems arise because
       | behaviors, in the classroom, work on a spectrum. They are better
       | some days and others not at all. This is because behavior follows
       | home life. It is usually modeled from home and then is acted out
       | away from home. When Nathan (name changed) see his brother and
       | brothers friends carrying around guns, drugs, insert something
       | other activity not safe for most students, he will naturally
       | mirror the act. When these behaviors present in class, a good
       | teacher can maneuver a class back into an educational focus. But
       | being a good teacher requires many exhausting abilities such as
       | knowing the current generations lingo, figuring out who is a
       | natural leader in class, who are the other kids afraid of or
       | respect, knowing their material and presenting it to the students
       | in a way that fits their life circumstances. Being good at
       | teaching is a multi-headed venture across multiple disciplines.
       | This makes managing behaviors in class a challenging and
       | exhaustive time sink, which tends to be the main issue with
       | teaching being interrupted or difficult in a class. One child
       | from a difficult place can make learning a challenge for a class
       | full of goody-two-shoes. Teachers are unnecessarily pulled away
       | because we have no other recourse but to handle and teach
       | children who need more support than what can be offered in a
       | class. Behavior is one of the main issues that many people
       | overlook.
       | 
       | 2. More Tech and AI tools than I could want:
       | 
       | When I sign into my Microsoft portal I am presented with more 3rd
       | party teaching tools than I could ever want. I use none of them
       | because they are yet another tool to learn and be trained on,
       | they help mostly in presenting educational material, but have
       | nothing to do with the flow and behavior management of class,
       | they have their own technical problems that I don't have time to
       | deal with because behind my back Timothy has begun passing his
       | shoe around the room for others to sniff, and the applications
       | are gamified learning that trivializes or simplifies the
       | educational materials. There are many more reasons I and most of
       | the teachers I know and have met don't use these systems. Work
       | with teachers to learn how much teaching environments vary and
       | how we can implement tech tools into that classroom in a way that
       | prioritizes education. But know many teacher's priorities will
       | not be for VC attention, but because we want to educate student
       | into society. Listening to us gives you the opportunity to hear
       | and see what educating people is actually like rather than the
       | inert surveys and data points collected on students that are
       | disconnected from their lives experiences. Listening to the
       | people with boots on the classroom means possibly making a system
       | that actually does something for classes than just become another
       | novelty the principal and the district can feel good about.
       | 
       | 3. Education is controlled by the wider community and home
       | environments:
       | 
       | Diane Ravitch, a leading thinker in the education realm, writes
       | about all the changes she has been a part of and seen occur. In
       | the end, her response to these failed reforms in school is that
       | much of what happens in communities controls what occurs in
       | schools. If you have a society that is splintered into social
       | groups then that will typically be reflected in the classroom.
       | First we must adjust society standards which will then alleviate
       | the malignant issues in our schools. But as many teachers have
       | said to principles and school officials, "Hey, what do I know,
       | I'm just a teacher."
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | Let me see if I can put into words the objections I have to "AI
       | in education"
       | 
       | First of all, what is "AI"? I mean that in a literal operational
       | sense: can you even explain the math and machinery that you're
       | talking about? Because if you cannot, then you are advocating
       | strapping children into Black Boxes (containing that rugby
       | mascot!) that you don't even understand what they are, and that
       | means you're nuts and should not be allowed anywhere near
       | children.
       | 
       | Obviously, with Andrej Karpathy that's not the problem, but
       | assuming that a person actually knows WTF they are even talking
       | about with "AI", "AI in education" is still a bad idea.
       | 
       | First and foremost, consider the question of what even is a human
       | being? And consider it in light of the contrast between us and
       | our nearest living relatives the chimpanzees. What makes humans
       | different than apes?
       | 
       | Well, it's thought and language and higher reasoning, and self-
       | awareness, eh?
       | 
       | We do not fully understand how human brains do this, make these
       | phenomenon happen. We do know that the process of becoming a
       | human being is partially automatic (e.g. learning language) and
       | partially the result of deliberate self-work.
       | 
       | The thesis of the "AI in education" people seems to be that this
       | yet-mysterious process can and should be turned over to automatic
       | machines, typically for economic (rather than social or
       | philosophical) reasons.
       | 
       | Children taught by machine will think like that machine, to the
       | extent that they think at all.
       | 
       | Metaphorically, it is as if these folks want to strap children
       | into wheelchairs on the theory that that will make them better
       | runners.
       | 
       | This brings me to the second objection: use it or lose it. If we
       | rely on external devices to do our thinking for us our brains
       | turn to jelly. It started with the written word, as noted by
       | what's-his-name a couple thousand years ago, turning the faculty
       | of memory into the mere faculty of recall. (If you don't know the
       | difference between memory and recall you are doubtless the victim
       | of just such a degenerate "education" system as these folk are
       | proposing to intensify with automation.)
       | 
       | It's not difficult to learn to use your brain well. Unfortunately
       | the knowledge of _how_ to do this is still not recognized by
       | mainstream conventional education systems. E.g.: you don 't need
       | memory aids if you just use self-hypnosis and mnemonics to "just
       | remember". You don't need to learn to spell, you just need to
       | learn the correct spelling strategy and then your brain spells
       | for you, correctly, every time (you can even spell things
       | backwards without any effort.)
       | 
       | There is a lot of low-hanging fruit in terms of ways to make
       | education better, but automation is completely useless for it,
       | because things that can be automated are not important _human_
       | activities. Just as it 's pointless to make a robot jog for you
       | or eat for you it is pointless to make a robot think for you.
       | 
       | To sum up:
       | 
       | 1) Becoming human is something only other humans can help you do.
       | Machines can't make you human, they can only _train_ you.
       | 
       | 2) Using artificial aids rather than one's own natural faculties
       | is regressive. (It's like using a wheelchair when you legs work
       | fine.)
       | 
       | "AI in education" is oxymoronic, pernicious, and even dangerous.
       | People who want to strap children into mysterious black boxes
       | should be kept away from them (the children, not the black
       | boxes.)
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | At least in the country where I currently live, almost nothing is
       | as highly regulated as the field of education. Also, teachers
       | have a _very_ lobby.
       | 
       | To get an AI-based program adopted would be an uphill battle
       | against all forces. Almost Herculian, I would argue, and almost
       | guaranteed to not be worth it.
        
       | aayushjaiswal07 wrote:
       | Learning depends a lot on self-commitment and the time you
       | invest.
       | 
       | Great teachers know how to motivate students and keep them
       | excited, which is crucial because many people give up during
       | tough times.
       | 
       | But doing that at scale wasn't possible - until now.
       | 
       | Self-learning platforms had low completion rates, and cohort-
       | based courses (CBCs) were seen as the future during COVID. But it
       | turns out drop-offs are similar in CBCs since everyone learns at
       | a different pace.
       | 
       | If we can learn from AI versions of the best teachers, it would
       | be a game-changer. We could see massive improvements based on
       | outcomes.
       | 
       | This is the closest we've ever been to matching the results
       | universities can predictably produce. It'll be interesting to see
       | if this works.
        
       | mark_l_watson wrote:
       | I am comparing this, to some extent, with Coursera. Coursera
       | scales: a friend and his previous PhD advisor would get 40K
       | learners on Coursera.
       | 
       | Karpathy's company scales in a different way because students can
       | get an individualized learning experience. If the product is
       | excellent they might get a hundred million customers if the price
       | is low enough.
        
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