[HN Gopher] Win your fantasy league using operations research
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       Win your fantasy league using operations research
        
       Author : alexmolas
       Score  : 142 points
       Date   : 2024-07-15 21:48 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.alexmolas.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.alexmolas.com)
        
       | thaumasiotes wrote:
       | > If you happen to know how a player will perform in the game
       | next week, please call me and we'll get very rich and not just
       | win a stupid fantasy game.
       | 
       | Another classic of the genre "why would I need you?"
        
         | yathaid wrote:
         | I will play:
         | 
         | - they do not know how useful the skill is. (Cocks solved the
         | public-key cryptography problem without knowing what it would
         | be used for)
         | 
         | - they do not have the cash to invest => just a straight up
         | lack of capital to make the ROI worth it.
         | 
         | - they are unable to bet in the geography they reside in => you
         | need a middle man who can bet on your behalf.
         | 
         | But let's comment on a throwaway line in an otherwise
         | interesting article. I wonder if this counts as bike-shedding.
         | 
         | Or maybe a classic of the genre "why was this comment needed?"
        
           | pinkmuffinere wrote:
           | This comment thread is strange. I think you both raise
           | interesting points, but are also rather hostile. Why not just
           | respond sincerely? You have interesting things to say.
        
             | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
             | Why do you think they are insincere? They could sincerely
             | be hostile and raise interesting points.
        
             | toxik wrote:
             | Eh, it's just some sass.
        
             | yathaid wrote:
             | I felt OP was needlessly negative. In classic internet
             | fashion, I added to that negativity. Not proud of it.
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | In general, betting operators will throttle you down to 0$.
         | 
         | So there's actually a lot of work/skill involved in bypassing
         | the limits so that you can continue to place bets.
         | 
         | Just knowing the existence of an arbitrage doesn't mean you
         | have the opportunity to take advantage of it.
        
       | 2d8a875f-39a2-4 wrote:
       | I've used similar approaches to play sports fantasy games
       | (casually) since 2009. Using LP solvers like this team selection
       | games, and an ELO+regression approach for score/margin prediction
       | games. Mostly as a way to beat friends while spending little or
       | no time following the actual competition.
       | 
       | For team selection games the LP approach works great but does not
       | dominate, as described in the OP. I've found it to work less well
       | over the years and I wouldn't be surprised if the fantasy game
       | vendors have been explicitly adding countermeasures - things like
       | temporary wildcards, round-specific rules, trading limits and
       | velocities, etc all mess with your LP constraints. Not that you
       | couldn't also code that up but it's time consuming. You end up
       | needing to follow the competition closely anyway and using your
       | model as an advisor to spot "good deals" in the data.
       | 
       | edit: a few times I have also back tested my models vs the odds
       | offered by the bookies (for the margin prediction games).
       | Unsurprisingly the bookies have better models than me. Could be
       | just using the bookies odds as the pick is a better approach.
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | I'm not sure if the article is tongue in cheek, but almost all
         | of the skill _and_ almost all of the noise in these games
         | usually comes from your choice of value function, i.e. your
         | ability to predict how many points a player will get in a given
         | week.
         | 
         | Picking the best team subject to the constraints is trivial in
         | comparison and you can solve the knapsack problem by eye, or
         | with some kind of greedy/beam search approach.
         | 
         | This is different from the financial markets where almost all
         | of the alpha (outperformance of one stock over another) has
         | been taken away by other market participants, so a lot of
         | professional time is spent on risk management, portfolio
         | optimization, etc.
        
           | 2d8a875f-39a2-4 wrote:
           | The value function is crucial, sure. But back testing over a
           | couple seasons I can usually land on something much better
           | than what I as a (usually pretty casual) fan has in my head.
           | 
           | From an automation perspective the harder problem is getting
           | match day squad selections (some sports regularly announce
           | last minute teams, like at the time of the toss) and
           | accounting for whatever special cases the game rules have
           | tossed in (e.g. select a captain and vc, special reduced fees
           | on trades this round, etc).
           | 
           | And to really win these games, rather say just beating your
           | friends and landing top 5% globally, you also need risk
           | management and portfolio optimisation strategies: e.g. when
           | to play your "captain scores double this round" card?
           | everyone has Mbappe, do you also pick him to hedge your
           | riskier picks? I have no doubt that some players have built
           | all this automation but I sure haven't.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | If you want to maximize your chances of winning a very
             | large game like this, you need to play quite a lot riskier
             | than is intuitive, you definitely do not want to pick a
             | popular player if your model predicts someone else will
             | outperform him.
             | 
             | If you want to finish top 5%, having the best model should
             | do it, with some attention to risk management in the last
             | few games of the season (play riskier if you are in the
             | 90th percentile than in the 99th).
             | 
             | If you want to maximise your chance of beating your
             | friends, have the best model and think a little game theory
             | at the end of the season based on whether you are leading
             | or chasing.
        
               | 2d8a875f-39a2-4 wrote:
               | yeah matches my experience
        
               | alexmolas wrote:
               | I don't have the numbers to back this opinion, but I
               | believe that consistently ranking in the top 5% in all
               | the games will greatly increase your chances of winning
               | the league. It's not necessary to win every stage, but
               | just having high scores consistently will likely make you
               | win the league.
        
               | 2d8a875f-39a2-4 wrote:
               | I also don't have numbers, but I'd opine that you need
               | that (top 5% every round) AND you need to be to have a
               | few big rounds where you greatly outperform almost
               | everyone. Getting those big rounds means taking some
               | calculated risks.
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | Generally incorrect. The critical thing here is that many
           | player scores are correlated. Various configurations will
           | have a lot more swing to their outcomes, and when you only
           | care about being the number one spot, highest expected value
           | probably won't win it.
        
             | 2d8a875f-39a2-4 wrote:
             | Player value correlation is indeed a thing. So too match
             | ups in the next game, player playing out of position, etc.
             | I haven't experimented but you are probably right that a
             | model that could use factors like these effectively would
             | outperform what I described.
             | 
             | But they aren't critical to building a model that will beat
             | your mates and land you on the single-digits top%.
        
             | lumb63 wrote:
             | This is something I've been trying to find a way to account
             | for in my fantasy drafting the last few years, after trying
             | to maximize expected value has not gotten me the desired
             | results (probably also due in part to the delta between
             | expected and actual value). It's occurred to me that a
             | "boom or bust" lineup that scores +2 st dev one week and -2
             | the next is way better than one that performs +1 every week
             | (hand waving exact values).
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Build a correlation matrix between player positions and
               | teams. Add a constraint the forbids the solution from
               | having negative correlations below X.
               | 
               | The way you would want to test it is take the top 500
               | solutions from each approach and see how many of them are
               | winners under whatever framework you care about.
        
         | JamesSwift wrote:
         | RE: backtesting against bookies... are you backtesting against
         | the opening odds or the final odds? Betting markets are like
         | the stock market... the odds move as action is taken on the
         | bet. So the initial price is like an IPO price, and then the
         | market is what determines the final odds.
        
       | protocolture wrote:
       | The most important thing is to make sure you use an encrypted
       | email auth protocol.
       | 
       | I was in a tipping comp years ago. At this workplace I had
       | already warned the management against insecure email protocols
       | but they wouldnt listen.
       | 
       | Anyway, came time for the company footy tipping comp.
       | 
       | Once I worked out which manager was running it, I used their
       | plaintext password against their admin login to the tipping
       | website. Worked straight up.
       | 
       | Every week I would make my tips, then after the games had been
       | run but before Monday rolled around, I would use the admin access
       | to change my tips.
       | 
       | Didnt try and hide it just went 100% victory every week.
       | 
       | The admin of the comp would even go out of his way to try and
       | satisfy the very angry football fans that it wasnt run on company
       | systems so theres no way that I could find my way in to change
       | things.
       | 
       | In the end I fessed up, I couldnt get them to change the email
       | system, but he apparently proactively took the password post it
       | note off of his monitor which was nice.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | This was something of a surreal read. I assume "comp" is short
         | for "competition". But what is "tipping"? What's a "tip"?
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | Betting.
        
             | chrisan wrote:
             | Just out of curiosity, which country(s?) refer to that as
             | tipping?
        
               | looperhacks wrote:
               | In German, "tippen" is a possible translation of "to
               | guess". There's a well-known tradition of friendly
               | betting on football matches with colleagues or friends
               | (sometimes with money on the line, often not). These are
               | called "Tippspiel" or "betting games".
        
         | ellen364 wrote:
         | I didn't 100% follow this story. Sounds like you knew the
         | manager's password and used it to log into a website. Where did
         | the email protocols come into it?
        
           | protocolture wrote:
           | Pulled it out of a packet capture
        
       | ukoki wrote:
       | Nice, I did a similar thing in 2018 with linear programming:
       | https://peterellisjones.com/posts/fantasy-machine-learning/
       | 
       | I didn't win my friends' league, but definitely got closer than
       | previous years
        
       | mp05 wrote:
       | > The obvious solution for a data scientist like me was to use
       | machine learning. But I didn't. I just took the average score by
       | the player during the last 5 games.
       | 
       | Wait, is he cracking a joke? If so, _haha_.
        
         | glitchc wrote:
         | Surprisingly effective strategy. I've won a fantasy hockey pool
         | by picking the next top available player.
        
           | mp05 wrote:
           | Given that the mean is literally the expected value, I'm not
           | all that surprised!
        
             | alexmolas wrote:
             | But the expected value of past games may not be the same as
             | the expected value of future games.
        
             | glitchc wrote:
             | It begs the question as to why one would prefer a more
             | complex strategy.
        
               | mp05 wrote:
               | Certainly the desire for a more sophisticated and robust
               | model, but I'd be interested to understand the LOE
               | involved and what levels of improvements are offered by
               | said efforts. Perhaps the author can offer links to
               | approachable books/articles on the matter?
        
       | manvillej wrote:
       | My favorite field, Operations Research. Nothing is as sweet.
       | Nothing as elegant. Nothing as mindbreakingly infurating when you
       | don't know the answer yet.
        
       | zeroonetwothree wrote:
       | "Operations research" is a very fancy way of solving the knapsack
       | problem (a simple algorithm you can implement in 10 min)
        
         | pjot wrote:
         | It most definitely is not.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research
        
       | 0xcafecafe wrote:
       | "I'm from Spain, so I'm speaking about the real and original
       | football, the one that's played with the foot and a ball, not
       | with the hands and an egg"
       | 
       | Ha
        
       | reaperducer wrote:
       | Heard on WGN Radio last week:
       | 
       | "My buddy and I were playing fantasy football, and he said,
       | 'Let's make it interesting.' So we stopped playing fantasy
       | football."
        
       | tea-coffee wrote:
       | Which data did you use? Since the leagues were from the
       | Quarterfinals and onwards, was it data from the group stages,
       | euro qualifiers? Averaging the last 5 games would introduce a lot
       | of variance, especially in tournament football.
        
         | alexmolas wrote:
         | I was using data from the group stages. And I agree that just
         | using the last 5 games had a lot of variance, but
         | unfortunately, I didn't have data from before the Euro.
        
           | tea-coffee wrote:
           | This approach would be interesting to use in league football
           | (La Liga, Premier League, etc) as there is a lot more data
           | available across different seasons.
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | > It didn't consider the schedule of matches
       | 
       | This dynamic makes fantasy sports a second-order game, and
       | predicting regular sports outcomes is hard enough. You're not
       | just trying to pick the best players for the best price, you also
       | have to consider the scenarios those players will be in any given
       | week.
        
       | snake_plissken wrote:
       | I really want to use these advanced approaches more, and they
       | make a lot of sense in the daily fantasy scene (this analysis was
       | for tourney long EURO 2024 I think?), but for something like
       | season long NFL, I am convinced it is mostly luck:
       | Hope your top 3 picks stay healthy            Hope your 3-4
       | "flyer" picks (the guys who are on a new team, rookies, etc.,)
       | don't completely bust            Play the waiver wire (mid week
       | pickups to fill in positions where needed) well
       | 
       | The one part where more skill/operations research is involved
       | would be playing the matchups (top defense vs crap offense, WR1
       | vs rookie corner) but even then it's not a surefire recipe for
       | success since there is so much variance (that top WR play might
       | be nuked by a run oriented game). But it is playing smart so you
       | should do it.
        
         | soared wrote:
         | Id love to see an analysis on skill v luck for nfl fantasy. Far
         | too often do I see someone who does not watch football and does
         | not make team changes win a league after drafting Tom Brady in
         | the second round.
        
           | defen wrote:
           | To be fair, I've also seen actual NFL teams win way too many
           | Super Bowls after drafting Tom Brady in the sixth round.
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | It doesn't work as well in fantasy because you can't
             | deflate the balls or spy on the opponents' communications.
        
           | vitaflo wrote:
           | I used to be co-owner of an NFL fantasy prize league company
           | (before Fanduel et al came along and put us and all of our
           | competitors out of business). After a decade of seeing
           | thousands of users create an manage teams for an entire
           | season I'd say it's probably more skill than luck but luck
           | plays a much bigger factor than people are willing to admit.
           | 
           | The biggest problem with leagues is everyone in the league
           | remaining involved even when it's obvious they're out of the
           | playoff race. This can lead to lopsided victories later in
           | the season and change playoff seeding. This can be just as
           | impactful as any injuries or bad weeks and the like. It was a
           | constant challenge for us and is something the daily leagues
           | don't have to worry about.
           | 
           | The fantasy playoffs are probably the most pure form of NFL
           | fantasy leagues but that is also very dependent on who the
           | opponents are for each of your players those last couple
           | weeks and who is even avail to play given players being
           | rested or injured later in the year.
           | 
           | In some ways this actually isn't a whole lot different than
           | the actual NFL. That said we did seem to see the same people
           | every year win more often than others, so it's not _all_
           | luck.
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | Almost every year my American football fantasy team is loaded
         | with injuries. If your season is too long and close to the
         | playoffs, teams will start benching star players so they don't
         | get hurt.
         | 
         | One of the worst parts for NFL are the divas who can't control
         | their off field behavior or emotions. I'm looking at you
         | Antonio Brown.
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | The open league results are in part explained by the drop out
       | rate of players who start then lose interest after a few weeks.
       | Comparing against active players might be more reasonable
       | (assuming this league wasn't choose once and do nothing for the
       | season).
        
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