[HN Gopher] Houston-area residents enter sixth day without power...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Houston-area residents enter sixth day without power, air
       conditioning
        
       Author : rntn
       Score  : 195 points
       Date   : 2024-07-13 16:01 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnn.com)
        
       | mouse_ wrote:
       | frustrated seems like an understatement
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | Not angry enough to get their elected officials to make the power
       | grid changes needed to make it more robust to such things.
       | 
       | I mean how can they when reps like Ted Cruz fly off to Cancun
       | when the weather gets really bad.
        
         | 39896880 wrote:
         | Notice the deflection by the Lt Governor:
         | 
         | "People have a right to be extremely frustrated with
         | CenterPoint. People are suffering through terribly oppressive
         | heat, a lack of food and gasoline availability, debris
         | everywhere, and much more," Patrick said. "The poor and most
         | vulnerable are suffering the most."
         | 
         | Not, "People have a right to be frustrated with the
         | government,"
        
           | ta125865421 wrote:
           | What is going on over there? Seems like crazy town. With the
           | geriatrics and corruption, good god it looks dystopian from a
           | rando aussie pov.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | Any country looks dystopian from the news.
             | 
             | From the outside, your own country seems to have a
             | dystopian liking for government control of speech and the
             | internet.
             | 
             | If your daily experience does not align with this
             | perception, consider that Texans might be in exactly the
             | same boat as you, perception-vs-reality-wise.
        
               | sonotathrowaway wrote:
               | The attorney general of Texas is openly corrupt and is in
               | the middle of a criminal trial.
               | 
               | Acting like Texas isn't uniquely shitty requires
               | intentionally forgetting reality.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | The government of many places, like the EU and Australia,
               | openly and regularly make moves to crack down on
               | individual freedoms in favour of state power - and they
               | aren't even _in_ criminal trials.
        
         | wannacboatmovie wrote:
         | > Not angry enough to get their elected officials to make the
         | power grid changes needed
         | 
         | Do you have the magic solution that makes them resilient to
         | natural disasters short of burying every single power line
         | underground? Which is not only impractical but insanely
         | expensive. The infrastructure has been physically damaged or
         | destroyed. You fired off a politically charged comment and
         | offered no specifics.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | Increased trimming of trees near power lines. Apparently
           | CenterPoint spent significantly less than some of the other
           | power suppliers on maintenance.
           | 
           | I don't know that it would help in this specific instance,
           | but connecting Texas to the rest of the power grid would
           | likely make the system overall more resilient.
        
             | blantonl wrote:
             | It wouldn't have helped. Trimming trees is preventative
             | maintenance so that simple wind gusts don't trip lines when
             | branches encroach on power lines.
             | 
             | The only way you can prevent damage from _falling trees_ is
             | to completely remove them.
        
               | harimau777 wrote:
               | Then it might be necessary to remove or relocate the
               | trees since Houston is so vulnerable to hurricanes.
        
             | wannacboatmovie wrote:
             | > I don't know that it would help in this specific
             | instance, but connecting Texas to the rest of the power
             | grid would likely make the system overall more resilient.
             | 
             | Irrelevant wishful thinking. The outages are caused by
             | localized physical damage. There is no shortage of grid
             | power. Inter-ties to every grid in the world wouldn't help
             | when the wires on the last mile have been physically
             | destroyed.
        
               | harimau777 wrote:
               | Note that I said "I don't know that it would help in this
               | specific instance"
               | 
               | Previous outages have been caused by issues with the grid
               | rather than lines. Apparently CenterPoint is predicting
               | that this summer power usage will near the grid's
               | capacity and supposedly CenterPoint is known for
               | underestimating.
        
               | wannacboatmovie wrote:
               | Okay, but none of that has anything to do with the power
               | lines being physically mangled or toppled by wind.
        
           | 547555 wrote:
           | It targets the right. His comment won't get [flagged] even if
           | it's a mind fart.
        
           | tardy_one wrote:
           | Improving a percentage of a net has reduced down percentage
           | for a reduced timeframe, so it seems like there are obviously
           | better alternatives to the hand wringing approach if the goal
           | isn't actually to justify doing nothing.
        
           | TulliusCicero wrote:
           | > Do you have the magic solution that makes them resilient to
           | natural disasters short of burying every single power line
           | underground? Which is not only impractical but insanely
           | expensive.
           | 
           | "Do you have any suggestions other than what would actually
           | work??"
        
       | Mindless2112 wrote:
       | TL;DR:
       | 
       | > _"The grid is a whole different issue which we're addressing,
       | have been addressing, and will continue to address," Patrick
       | said. "The power is down because the lines are down, and the
       | transmission lines are down primarily because trees fell on
       | them."_
        
         | 39896880 wrote:
         | Is the grid not composed of power lines?
        
           | FireBeyond wrote:
           | Texas famously wanted to be "independent" from the energy
           | market and has steadfastly refused attempts from the federal
           | government to have it join regional grids for the purposes of
           | redundancy and resiliency, saying it can handle its own needs
           | just fine.
           | 
           | Until every power grid failure, when they ask the Feds for
           | relief money (this is notwithstanding that in cases like
           | this, they are not just asking for money for the grid
           | failures but the general aftermath of Beryl, but it is a
           | component).
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | What he means (but can't say directly) is that this isn't
           | like the last couple highly public Texas blackouts. This time
           | the power is available, there is enough generating capacity
           | online and connected, they just can't get it delivered.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Yes, building the infrastructure in the cheapest way possible
         | has consequences.
         | 
         | Underground lines would not be vulnerable to falling trees. But
         | they are a lot more expensive to install, and when they require
         | maintenence for any other reasons.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | As European I find it strange how few power and telecom wires
           | seem to be buried in the US. What's up with that? I get that
           | in rural regions digging a ditch isn't worth it, but the
           | Houston area has pretty high population density and still has
           | wires on poles.
        
             | llamaimperative wrote:
             | Houston doesn't have high population density. It has a
             | gigantic population over an utterly enormous land area. And
             | that's why they "can't" build infrastructure correctly and
             | cost effectively.
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | A lot of the infrastructure was established when density
             | was much lower, so it was built out in the cheaper way, and
             | now changing it is more expensive than just keeping on
             | keeping on.
             | 
             | That and a lot of Europe got to do some involuntary
             | infrastructure rebuilding in the 1940s that the US didn't.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | To be fair to the comparison and Houston, the vast
               | majority of Houston didn't exist in the 1940s either.
        
             | _heimdall wrote:
             | My understanding is that its largely a byproduct of how
             | many of our major cities developed. When power
             | infrastructure was originally being run, our cities were
             | much less dense than what was already in Europe. They
             | installed power above ground because there wasn't the
             | density to really support funding underground lines, and
             | because above ground lines are easier to add to as the city
             | does become more dense.
             | 
             | I lived on a barrier island in the Gulf of Mexico for a
             | couple years. The island gets hit with storms pretty
             | regularly, two or three major storms in my lifetime if I'm
             | not mistaken. All of the power lines were above ground
             | until maybe 5 years ago for two reasons - the island had a
             | pretty low density for full time residency and buried lines
             | are expensive, and they were worried about issues with
             | burying lines in a sand island that can quite literally
             | move and shift after a major storm. It seems like the
             | latter either isn't a concern today, and its a good thing
             | because those power poles were always causing problems on
             | the island.
        
             | structural wrote:
             | For comparison, the Houston metro area (which is basically
             | just the original city limits + what used to be its suburbs
             | but have really just all grown together) is the size of the
             | entire country of Belgium.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | If this happened every year they'd be underground.
             | Situations like this aren't common enough to create the
             | need for a real fix. They'll just patch it up and move on.
        
           | wolfendin wrote:
           | They are also a lot more vulnerable to flooding which is also
           | a major issue in a hurricane
        
       | epolanski wrote:
       | To me it's crazy people run so much AC at home.
       | 
       | It's like making global warming a worse problem with AC, so it
       | gets hotter and we use more AC.
       | 
       | I live in Rome, Italy, we had 40C (104F) degree max temperatures
       | during day, and even at night it doesn't fall below 29C (84) and
       | we survive without AC just fine, not just me but the rest of my
       | family in their houses too, of course it is sometimes
       | uncomfortable, but that's summer.
       | 
       | The worst offenders though are the many shops that blast AC 24/7
       | and have their doors open! Put some goddamn sensors and sliding
       | doors!?
       | 
       | I just can't look at it. Even worse, electricity comes and goes
       | all time during summer and it's hard to work at times (I'm full
       | remote).
       | 
       | I'm fully convinced nobody gives two damns about global warming
       | and our own impact. It's better to just ignore our actions and
       | focus on evil corporations so we keep avoiding doing anything,
       | maybe buy and change our EVs every 3/4 years as it didn't make it
       | worse.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | >To me it's crazy people run so much AC at home.
         | 
         | Tell me you've never been to Texas in July without telling me.
        
         | sojournerc wrote:
         | AC isn't a problem if the energy feeding it is carbon neutral.
         | With a strong mix of renewables and nuclear this is achievable,
         | but instead we continue to burn coal and natural gas to provide
         | base load.
        
           | KingOfCoders wrote:
           | Visited NYC several times. Metro was unbearable in summer
           | because trains heated up outside and blasted the warm air
           | into tunnels and stations through AC.
        
             | sojournerc wrote:
             | AC doesn't really create heat though, aside from minor
             | amounts from the compressor/fan motors, it merely moves it
             | from inside to outside, or into the metro stations as you
             | mention.
        
               | KingOfCoders wrote:
               | Yes, AC moves heat from inside homes outside into the
               | city.
        
               | sojournerc wrote:
               | My point is that it doesn't create heat, thus does not
               | contribute to climate change on its own. Only the energy
               | source that powers it potentially does.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | Since ACs are pretty far from 100% efficient, they turn
               | electricity into heat. There's also heat generated along
               | with the electricity because generation isn't perfect
               | either.
        
         | baggy_trough wrote:
         | How humid is it in Rome during the summer compared to Houston?
        
           | blantonl wrote:
           | No even in the same ballpark. Houston is literally built on
           | top of a swamp. The humidity is _oppressive_.
        
           | nytesky wrote:
           | Average dew point July
           | 
           | 62F Rome 74F Houston
           | 
           | https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/italy/rome/climate
           | 
           | https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/usa/houston/climate
           | 
           | Noticable vs humid and uncomfortable bordering on oppressive
           | 
           | https://www.weather.gov/images/tbw/dewpoint/DewPointScale.pn.
           | ..
           | 
           | *edit to fix Houston dew point
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > we survive without AC just fine
         | 
         | There were 5,600 deaths across Spain, Italy, and Germany in the
         | 2023 heatwave that could be attributed to a lack of AC [0][1]
         | 
         | Just because you and your family have been fine doesn't mean
         | others can.
         | 
         | AC is a critical need in increasingly hot environments.
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/hotter-summers-kill-
         | thousan...
         | 
         | [1] -
         | https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/339462/978928905...
        
         | soared wrote:
         | Homes/buildings in your area are built with not having AC in
         | mind - window locations, shade, insulation, etc is all purpose
         | driven. Homes in Texas and generally the US are built with AC
         | in mind, so we can't not use it - it would get 104 inside.
        
           | genocidicbunny wrote:
           | I've also noticed that newer homes tend to have this problem
           | more than older ones. They're better sealed thermally, so
           | while they're more efficient to keep cool, when they get hot
           | they stay hot for a lot longer. Great for winter, not so much
           | for summer heatwaves.
           | 
           | I used to live in an apartment built in the 70s which was a
           | pain to cool or heat because it was so badly sealed. But the
           | one benefit it did have is that on hot days with cool nights
           | it'd very quickly cool off, without needing AC. My current
           | place requires AC unless I mind waiting until 4am for it to
           | cool off.
        
             | BenjiWiebe wrote:
             | It's pretty easy to temporarily "unseal" a house though -
             | open doors/windows.
             | 
             | A well sealed and insulated house takes less to cool too,
             | though. It doesn't just help in winter.
             | 
             | Sadly, in central Kansas where I live, it regularly forgets
             | to get cool at night. Last summer we did our corn silage
             | chopping at night and slept in the day, as we were getting
             | burned trying to operate equipment. At night it was still
             | very hot and muggy. IIRC the dewpoint was in the mid-to-
             | upper 80s F.
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | In places like Houston, which is effectively built on reclaimed
         | swamplands, it's not the just the temperature, the humidity
         | plays a huge part too. When it's 40C and humidity is at 100%
         | and wet bulb temperatures are approaching 30+C, lack of AC
         | becomes a life threatening problem. It becomes practically
         | impossible to cool off and maintain a safe body temperature,
         | especially for the very young, chronically ill, or elderly
         | people.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | Lowering energy usage doesn't solve the climate problem it just
         | slows the devastation. We need to use clean energy regardless
         | if it's for AC or for work to have a worthwhile impact on that
         | half of things. From another view: it's better to live well
         | sustainably than be proud of unsustainably living miserably. To
         | do that we need to convince people to pay more for electricity
         | generation instead of pointing out they likely wouldn't die if
         | they used less dirty energy.
        
         | KingOfCoders wrote:
         | Many homes in the US are not build with stone but thin wood.
         | Houses in Europe with stone take some time to heat up. We lived
         | in a 100 year old house in Berlin and it took 2 months until
         | the walls were warm. Also took some months in winter until
         | walls are cold again.
         | 
         | [Edit] This is not about insulation but heat capacity.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | such houses are great in mild climates, but the us is
           | generally not mild.
           | 
           | thin wood as an engineer has many advantages over stone.
           | Stone seens stronger but often it isn't where strength
           | matters while being stronger where it doesn't-
        
           | bequanna wrote:
           | Modern "stick built" homes in the US are well insulated and
           | actually quite efficient. Stone walls would be a poor choice
           | in most areas in the US due to extreme conditions.
           | 
           | As you mention, once a stone house heats up in the summer,
           | that is an incredible amount of thermal mass to cool. Your AC
           | would run non-stop. Similar issue in the winter, super high
           | heating costs in cold regions.
        
             | KingOfCoders wrote:
             | This is not about insulation but heat capacity.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | Heat capacity doesn't mean much unless the walls are
               | several feet thick.
               | 
               | The frost line where I live is around 5 feet deep into
               | the ground- meaning that footings for any building have
               | to be that deep to avoid shifting as the ground freezes
               | and thaws.
               | 
               | Summer months thick stone walls can be nice if you are
               | able to keep humidity out, but if you don't and your
               | walls actually stay cool you're dealing with a lot of
               | mold and mildew since water will be condensating 24/7.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | Whenever I visit Italy in the summer I check to make sure the
         | hotel I've booked has AC. I got burned by that one hot summer
         | in Milan.
        
           | Klonoar wrote:
           | Heh, just got burned by this in the Czech Republic. Far on
           | the east side, hotel advertising A/C but it's only in a
           | common area - not in the room itself.
           | 
           | Just about drove me insane.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | Here's a comparison of Houston and Rome climates:
         | https://weatherspark.com/compare/y/9247~71779/Comparison-of-...
         | 
         | Note the temperature and especially the humidity sections.
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | I'm commenting on Rome though, my city. Not Houston.
        
             | snailmailman wrote:
             | The point is that Houston is both hotter and more humid.
             | People have already died due to heat because of this loss
             | of power. The AC is not a luxury but a _necessity_.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | I'm not commenting on the usage of ac in Houston (albeit
               | it's nonsense to raise a city in such a place) but in
               | Rome.
        
       | RheingoldRiver wrote:
       | I was there last weekend & for the day of the hurricane. This was
       | just a cat 1 hurricane at the time it passed through Houston, and
       | there was SO much damage. I can't imagine the city is remotely
       | prepared for (god forbid, and idk how likely it is that far
       | inland anyway) a cat 4 or 5. We were staying in a hotel that had
       | a backup generator, but every single other building that was
       | visible from our hotel had lost power during the storm.
       | 
       | Everyone I talked to in the area lost power at home for at
       | _least_ a day, and many people said they expected to lose power
       | for a full week.
       | 
       | I'm interested if anyone familiar with the local state of the
       | grid knows whose "fault" the enormous turnaround time in
       | restoring power is:
       | 
       | * Not enough employees at the electrical companies
       | 
       | * Infrastructure regulation (e.g. requiring buried lines in
       | critical areas) is insufficient in Houston specifically
       | 
       | * Infrastructure regulation is insufficient in Texas specifically
       | 
       | * (or nationally? are there national guidelines for the power
       | grid in various weather-prone areas?)
       | 
       | * The Texas grid being separate from the rest of the country's
       | 
       | * Other??
        
         | blantonl wrote:
         | This wasn't a "grid issue." It is a last-mile issue.
         | 
         | It's specifically an issue with the sheer amount of above
         | ground power lines and population density. There is no easy
         | fix, preparation, or practically anything else that can be done
         | to prevent something like this. Plus, what causes the same
         | amount of power outages (wind damage) isn't going to be
         | different between 90mph winds and 150 mph winds. The effects
         | are going to be the same on the power infrastructure.
         | 
         | The hurricane, while even a Cat 1, still brought what would
         | effectively be a localized extremely severe thunderstorm over
         | vast swaths of, and a direct hit upon, major population areas
         | over the 4rd largest city in the country.
         | 
         | New Orleans was in the same boat with Ida in 2021. There were
         | areas of the city that didn't get power back for over a month.
         | Everyone was furious with Entergy there, but there's just a
         | simple reality with this stuff.
        
           | FrustratedMonky wrote:
           | "no easy fix, preparation, or practically anything else that
           | can be done to prevent something like this"
           | 
           | Regulations on the initial construction? In other words, plan
           | ahead.
           | 
           | But no, I must have my 'Freeeeedooooommmmm'.
           | 
           | You can't force me to prepare.
        
             | blantonl wrote:
             | Yeah, well what about existing infrastructure? Most new
             | construction already buries the last mile of power.
             | 
             | But if you do have above ground power lines feeding your
             | house, how likely would it be that you'd be in favor of
             | having your entire backyard dug up for a couple weeks while
             | they implemented this huge public works project? How likely
             | would you be willing to shoulder the cost burden? And of
             | course, it's just as simple as digging a trench and burying
             | the lines, right? I'm pretty sure there isn't any buried
             | oil and gas infrastructure in the Houston area.... right?
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Sure, just stop complaining about not having power.
               | 
               | Seems like everyone is ready to argue about how
               | impossible everything is. Shrugs "guess it's impossible,
               | we just have to go on like we've always have".
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | I would love it, personally. In addition to being
               | vulnerable to wind and tree damage, above-ground power
               | lines are very unsightly. Just compare any neighborhood
               | with underground power to the ones where you can't look
               | out of any window without seeing ugly poles and wires
               | everywhere.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | Why didn't we think to regulate physics before!?
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Does physics dictate how you build power lines? Where is
               | physics the constraint on more hardened construction?
               | Physics isn't saying, build above ground and 'low cost'.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | > Does physics dictate how you build power lines?
               | 
               | Bro.
               | 
               | Come up with a plan and a budget for your buried cables
               | and sell it to the people of Texas who will have to pay
               | for it.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | They are paying for it. It's either on the front end with
               | regulations on more expensive construction, or on the
               | back end with power outages, damage and repairs.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | Put that in your presentation to the Texans!
        
               | rfrey wrote:
               | Closer to regulating that providers of essential
               | infrastructure acknowledge that physics exists.
        
           | gmueckl wrote:
           | What's wrong with below-ground power distribution for
           | metropolitan areas?
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | It's time consuming and expensive to implement due to a mix
             | of property rights and construction.
        
             | foota wrote:
             | "There is no easy fix" underground power lines for an
             | entire city isn't easy.
        
             | blantonl wrote:
             | There's nothing wrong with it. But it would take lifetimes
             | of money and time to retrofit a city like Houston to move
             | all power infrastructure underground. And there is no way
             | consumers would ever sign up for the cost to do so. It
             | would be akin to building the Hoover Dam today. It would
             | probably be one of the largest public works projects ever
             | attempted.
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | Lifetimes of money, really? What is that measurement?
               | Someone above said 2.5 million per square miles.
               | Catastrophic damage from larger storms is often in the
               | tens to hundreds of billions of dollars, so it feel like
               | it would be in the best interest of most parties to
               | embark on this project, even if it happens slowly.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | Putting power lines underground wouldn't mitigate very
               | much of that damage though, would it? I was under the
               | impression that the vast majority of those multibillion
               | dollar figures is water damage to buildings, cars, and
               | other equipment.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | A lifetime of money is ~$10M or so. That's $100k/year for
               | 100 years.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | It's not lifetimes of money, but there are substantial
               | costs.
               | 
               | All of the existing distribution conductors need to be
               | buried either by trenching or directional boring, all of
               | the pole-mounted transformers need to be replaced with
               | pad-mounted transformers , and all of the customer
               | service drops need to be converted from overhead to
               | underground.
               | 
               | In another post, someone said about $2.5M per square
               | mile, which isn't actually all that much money. If you
               | figure half labor and half material costs (fairly
               | standard for electrical construction) and labor costs of
               | $100/hr (IBEW 66 journeyman lineman), that's 12,500 hours
               | of labor, or a 6.25 person crew for one year to convert
               | one square mile, and Houston is 637 square miles.
               | 
               | ~4,000 person years of labor, 400 full time linemen could
               | do the whole city in 10 years.
        
             | bob1029 wrote:
             | Houston is gigantic.
             | 
             | Maintaining underground infrastructure can be very
             | difficult.
             | 
             | https://practical.engineering/blog/2021/9/16/repairing-
             | under...
        
               | KingOfCoders wrote:
               | Berlin, 3.645M citizen, everything underground. Houston,
               | 2.302M citizen, ... "gigantic"
        
               | bdcravens wrote:
               | It's not a matter of population, but land. Berlin is
               | about 345 square miles; Houston is 640.
        
               | KingOfCoders wrote:
               | Berlin including suburbs ("Speckgurtel") is ~1400 square
               | miles.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | So approximately 1/7th the size of the Houston metro
               | area.
        
               | dwighttk wrote:
               | When people are talking about Houston they are talking
               | about Greater Houston: 7.5M people over 10,000 square
               | miles
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Houston
        
               | KingOfCoders wrote:
               | Greater Berlin also is much bigger than Berlin.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | This is silly. MSAs have near zero to do with a city.
               | 
               | They are not talking about Greater Houston.
               | 
               | For comparison, let's look at the Seattle metropolitan
               | area
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area)
               | 
               | It includes Mt Rainier, which NO-ONE in the area would
               | say is "in Seattle".
               | 
               | It includes Bainbridge Island in Kitsap County, same.
               | 
               | Glacier Peak, in the Mount Baker Snoqualmie National
               | Forest, also definitely not "in Seattle".
               | 
               | Mount Vernon, Olympia, North Bend, no-one would remotely
               | call these "in Seattle".
               | 
               | Not even for the purposes of international news and
               | geolocation, they'd be "near" at best.
               | 
               | To my point if you told residents of College Station or
               | Galveston that they were just a part of Houston they'd
               | look at you funnily.
               | 
               | It's just more of our "America is unique, solutions that
               | work elsewhere can't work here", and Texas likes to do
               | that on a state level.
               | 
               | Fun detail, most Texans, and many Americans, believe that
               | the King Ranch is the largest cattle ranch in the world.
               | 
               | Except... it's not. Anna Station in Australia is over six
               | times larger, larger than Israel.
               | 
               | In fact, if you put King Ranch in Australia, it'd only be
               | the _seventy-fourth_ largest ranch in that country.
               | 
               | The reality is far more mundane and depressing: there's a
               | resistance to fixing some of these things because it'd
               | mean acknowledging that mistakes had been made or "your
               | way" of doing things is not the right or best one. And
               | for far too many people, they'd sooner freeze to death
               | than admit that.
        
               | tohnjitor wrote:
               | As I understand it, the topsoil in parts of Texas is only
               | a foot deep or less and then it's solid bedrock. This is
               | why most homes do not have basements.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | That's not true in all of Texas for sure. I can vouch for
               | it in Central Texas "hill country" 6-10"around my home
               | and you will hit solid limestone. Makes a nice home
               | foundation (provided it's not too porous)but I would not
               | want to pay for a pool or basement here.
        
               | Teknomancer wrote:
               | Berlin, Germany is inland, with an elevation average
               | around 34 meters above sea level. The ground soil
               | composition in Berlin is primarily sandy, draining easily
               | and lending itself exceptionally well to underground
               | infrastructure development.
               | 
               | Houston, Texas, is coastal and has an elevation that
               | averages around 13 meters above sea level. The ground
               | composition in Houston is primarily made up of clay.
               | Houston soil is notoriously heavy and has issues with
               | drainage in construction. It's poorly suited for
               | underground infrastructure development.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | How about Amsterdam, or London (outer London if you want
               | a lower density).
        
               | ggm wrote:
               | you haven't seen the soil drainage pipes of Berlin?
               | They're like a screensaver from the 1990s escaped into
               | the real world.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | Berlin also has the advantage, being generous on
               | "advantage", of being completely rebuilt about 70 years
               | ago.
        
               | ggm wrote:
               | When did the explosion of Houston's size and city take
               | place? pre- or post 1945?
        
               | gregw2 wrote:
               | Some of both but mostly post-45.
               | 
               | The quip is that two things made Houston possible: oil
               | and air conditioning.
        
             | spyspy wrote:
             | Much more expensive to install and maintain, and while risk
             | from wind and rain is lessened, you add the risk of any
             | below ground construction accidentally severing cables.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | I'm not an electrical or civil eng, but I imagine it's very
             | expensive to dig so many tunnels.
             | 
             | Groundwater (especially for coastal cities) and people
             | drilling holes would be very problematic too.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | "not an electrical or civil eng. So let me explain how
               | impossible everything is that I don't know about, and
               | snidely say it's just 'physics'".
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | Assuming you don't hit rock, it's not bad.
               | 
               | Power lines that are rated for conduit burial (which
               | implies indefinite direct submersion in water is fine --
               | conduits leak, even if they're not supposed to) are
               | readily available and not particularly expensive vs.
               | above ground lines. Most of the cost is in the conductor,
               | and that's the same either way.
               | 
               | If memory serves me right, you need to trench 6ft (which
               | is usually done with a backhoe that has a narrow bucket
               | and straddles the trench), then place a PVC pipe to act
               | as conduit and fill the trench. The last step is using a
               | (typically) pickup-truck mounted cable puller to pull the
               | line through the conduit.
               | 
               | If the wire fails, you can pull it out and put a new one
               | in without retrenching.
               | 
               | When you bury the conduit, you also bury a piece of
               | warning cloth about one foot above it. If you see that
               | while digging, then you should stop digging. (Also, call
               | the "call before you dig" number before you dig.)
               | 
               | There are also trenchless systems that I've seen used for
               | fiber optic cables. It's basically a tiny little boring
               | machine (like they use to bore holes for tunnels) on the
               | end of a cable. One person steers the boring machine, and
               | the other stands above ground with a metal detector that
               | tells them where it is, and how deep.
        
             | KingOfCoders wrote:
             | Standard in most of Europe.
        
             | bdcravens wrote:
             | Nothing, but migrating to it is very expensive.
             | 
             | Centerpoint, the physical electricity provider in Houston,
             | has said it would cost $2.5M per square mile. Houston is
             | 640 square miles. Regulations allow them to claw back costs
             | on the bills. (For example, repairs from past storms are
             | often paid for over the course of several years in the form
             | of a bond that is applied to customers as surcharges)
             | 
             | https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/ce
             | n...
        
               | tigerBL00D wrote:
               | It seems like a lot, but a few billions of dollars also
               | seems like a good deal to secure against increasing risks
               | for severe weather. What's the total economic impact of
               | future storms? To put it in perspective a single Patriot
               | missile battery costs about a billion dollars and a
               | single missile costs $4M.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | There are about 3844 people per square mile in Houston,
               | so that's $650 per person, amortized over at least 20
               | years, which would increase the monthly power bill by
               | about $2.70 per person (~ $10 / subscriber?)
               | 
               | I'd guess that's less expensive than throwing out
               | everything in the fridge / freezer every few years.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Penny-wise, pound foolish. This single 1 week power
               | outage is going to cost Houston a _lot_ more than $1.6B.
        
               | _wire_ wrote:
               | Funny to think about these costs and the health of the
               | national commons from a point of view of the Federal
               | budget.
               | 
               | For example, you point out it would cost 2 billion to
               | migrate Houston's above-ground to storm proof below
               | ground.
               | 
               | If we could lop off 1/4 of the DoD and intelligence
               | budget of $1T/yr and dedicate it to infrastructure, we
               | could pay for 125 Huston-scale improvement projects per
               | year. And still have the most expensive DoD in the world!
               | But that would be misguided for "national security".
               | 
               | Plus the Federal budget is essentially free money,
               | constructed as needed, where such value is incarnated via
               | the wealth of the commons, where such wealth is most
               | truly incarnated by infrastructure.
               | 
               | But for unknown reasons, such pragmatism is politically
               | untenable.
        
               | gunapologist99 wrote:
               | > Plus the Federal budget is essentially free money,
               | constructed as needed
               | 
               | It's amusing and a bit scary that someone thinks the
               | federal budget is essentially free money, constructed as
               | needed.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | The US dollar literally is constructed as needed. It's
               | pretty darn close to free thanks to electronic banking.
               | 
               | However, like all magic, using it has severe (and
               | generally predictable) consequences.
               | 
               | Unlike fictional magic, the consequences take 4 years to
               | kick in like clockwork. That, and the US's two term limit
               | meant that presidents get to print money without
               | political consequence. Worst case, they lose the
               | midterms, then run again while blaming the next guy for
               | the problem they created.
               | 
               | Hypothetically, of course.
        
               | gunapologist99 wrote:
               | Presidents don't print money. Congress approves stimuli
               | in the form of spending. Spending is always inflationary
               | in nature because it injects money into the economy.
               | 
               | The Federal Reserve, nearly completely independent (for
               | better or worse) from the Executive and Legislative
               | branches, prints money in the form of quantitative easing
               | and controls other levers through lending and interest
               | rate strategies.
        
               | yownie wrote:
               | jfc you're like the spiritual avatar of
               | /r/confidentiallyincorrect.
        
               | galdosdi wrote:
               | It's free if you spend it on a durable asset that is as
               | or more valuable than the cash was, which can often be
               | true of infrastructure. Your balance sheet goes up not
               | down after the spend then.
        
               | gunapologist99 wrote:
               | There are vanishingly few examples of infrastructure
               | spending that don't turn into massive, wasteful
               | boondoggles; perhaps the Interstate Highway system.
               | 
               | The national railroad system a century prior and even the
               | Internet were nearly entirely built with private funds.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | The interstate highway system is arguably a massively
               | wasteful boondoggle - it subsidises trucks at the cost of
               | the far more efficient and less-polluting rail.
        
               | massysett wrote:
               | Railroads got massive subsidies in at least two forms:
               | huge land grants, and the power of the U.S. Army to wage
               | war on the native peoples who otherwise would have stood
               | in their way.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | > For example, you point out it would cost 2 billion to
               | migrate Houston's above-ground to storm proof below
               | ground.
               | 
               | The State of Texas had a budget of $188 billion [1].
               | 
               | In 2023 they projected a surplus of $18 billion [2].
               | 
               | Maybe they can budget it in?
               | 
               | What the federal government versus state governments
               | should pay for is a big can of worms, but I'm not sure
               | why it seems so easy to just look at the DoD budget and
               | says "there's money there let's use that" as if it's not
               | doing anything or it's all waste. If anything
               | (unfortunately) the DoD budget probably needs to be
               | increased quite a bit given the geopolitical challenges
               | we face.
               | 
               | [1]. https://everytexan.org/2023/11/03/the-2024-25-texas-
               | budget-t...
               | 
               | [2] https://abc13.com/texas-legislature-2023-state-
               | budget-surplu...
        
               | vondur wrote:
               | Houston is having some budget issues currently:
               | <https://abc13.com/houston-budget-mayor-john-whitmire-
               | city-se...>
               | 
               | How much should the states bail out mismanaged cities?
               | How much should the Federal Government bail out
               | mismanaged states? Budgets aren't "free money" as you
               | assert.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | The general problem states see is that metropolitan
               | regions are more productive and produce more taxes, so in
               | many cases the state cannot necessarily wash its hands of
               | cities.
               | 
               | The largest municipal fiscal crises in the nation so far
               | have been NYC in the '70s and Detroit. There is also the
               | case of Puerto Rico, although one could argue the feds
               | have more culpability there since its status as a non-
               | state subject to federal laws makes a lot of avenues for
               | resolving crises illegal.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | There actually are a few problems with underground power
               | lines, notably that maintenance & upgrades are much
               | harder and more expensive, they tend to get severed by
               | construction, they tend to get severed by earthquakes,
               | and bad things result if the waterproof conduit around
               | them is punctured.
               | 
               | On balance I think they're probably worth it for areas
               | prone to wildfire, but undergrounding all power lines is
               | not a panacea, and there are a lot of hidden costs to
               | undergrounding that become apparent only after they get
               | old and you have to do maintenance.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | In European cities where underground power lines are
               | normal these issues aren't a problem.
               | 
               | There might be costs (checking before construction for
               | example) and it being normal it helps.
        
             | AdamH12113 wrote:
             | What I've always heard whenever this subject comes up in
             | Houston is that A) burying lines is expensive (and Houston
             | is _very_ large), and B) Houston floods a lot.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | New Orleans and Houston are basically built on swamps. In
             | New Orleans, you can't even bury people below ground, so I
             | doubt you can do much with power lines underground.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | It turns out we don't need to speculate:
               | 
               | https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64650dded34ec179
               | a83...
               | 
               | Most of the wells they sampled are > 100 ft above the
               | water table. Some are as low as 12. The lowest is 2.83ft.
               | Here's the relevant bit of the schema XML document for
               | the CSV the produced:                  <attr>
               | <attrlabl>DTW23</attrlabl>          <attrdef>
               | December 2022 through March 2023 depth to groundwater in
               | feet measured             from land-surface elevation
               | referenced to NAVD 88          </attrdef>
               | <attrdefs>U.S. Geological Survey</attrdefs>
               | <attrdomv>            <rdom>
               | <rdommin>2.83</rdommin>
               | <rdommax>453.97</rdommax>
               | <attrunit>feet</attrunit>            </rdom>
               | </attrdomv>        </attr>
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | I used to live in a neighboring parish to the west of New
               | Orleans. If you dug more than 3 feet into the ground, you
               | were hitting water. Driving pilings is a sloppy mess.
        
               | yread wrote:
               | In Amsterdam the ground water level is also very high but
               | people manage to put lines in the ground
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | So this is weird, but I never saw people buried above
               | ground in Amsterdam like in New Orleans. What the diff?
               | Even if cremation is common now, it probably wasn't a
               | hundred or two years ago?
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | Swamp is a poor excuse IMHO. Plenty of my city
               | Christchurch is built on swamp. yet it has slowly been
               | replacing HV and LV power poles with underground cabling
               | for about 50 years now, although there is still some
               | remaining. We don't get hurricanes so I'm not sure of
               | reasons for us using underground cabling. NZ is no where
               | near as wealthy as Texas so Houston should be able to
               | afford to do it too.
               | 
               | Christchurch gets earthquakes instead of hurricanes:
               | http://db.nzsee.org.nz/SpecialIssue/44(4)0425.pdf
        
             | atmavatar wrote:
             | I'm getting strong "'No way to prevent this' says only
             | country where this regularly happens" vibes.
        
               | dpkirchner wrote:
               | It's funny to me that folks counter criticism of Texas by
               | saying lefty California also has outages. It's like,
               | sure, they do -- so why not show that a right-wing
               | government can do better? What is the actual point of the
               | counterargument?
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | I think "vibes" is a new weasel word that subtly absolves
               | the author from any responsibility to connect cause and
               | effect. There's a whole lot more to writing than
               | announcing what "vibes" you get.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Moles, mice, things walking/driving over the top. There is
             | a long list of things that make underground not nearly as
             | reliable as it sounds.
        
               | bequanna wrote:
               | Underground electric distribution is considerably more
               | reliable than overhead lines. Animals digging up the wire
               | is much more rare than an outage created by an animal
               | crawling up a pole and grabbing the line/transformer.
               | 
               | Underground electric is quite widely used in the Midwest
               | and is cost effective vs. overhead lines even in sparsely
               | populated rural areas.
        
               | 15155 wrote:
               | Below-ground power distribution is cheaper in sparsely-
               | populated rural areas than overhead lines because utility
               | companies can trench the lines directly through anyone's
               | field or in any random ditch - there's no directional
               | boring required (until customer delivery possibly.)
               | 
               | Add in the fact that you no longer risk trees taking down
               | lines when they are unkempt and ice-covered and it is
               | probably _much_ cheaper.
        
               | alphabettsy wrote:
               | Doesn't seem like it would be cheaper anywhere.
        
               | galdosdi wrote:
               | Source? The grid was far more reliable where I've lived
               | with underground than overhead lines. Kind of hard to
               | believe. Sounds like that would only happen if your city
               | cheaped out on the conduit material.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Been thirty years since I lived there, but when I lived
               | where there was a coop electric they had data showing
               | underground was overall less reliable. Maybe things are
               | diffarant now.
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | > Moles, mice, things walking/driving over the top
               | 
               | I wonder if anyone has started an environmental impact
               | statement about burying lines. For example squirrels,
               | possums, etc use them as bridges over streets, birds use
               | them as observation/socialization spaces, especially some
               | flocks of migratory grackles (maybe?) that have a giant
               | winter rookery on the lines around a grocery store.
        
             | adrianmonk wrote:
             | Isn't there a third option: _redundant_ overhead power
             | lines?
             | 
             | In the transmission (long haul) part of the grid, there's
             | already a lot of redundancy. But not as much in the
             | distribution (last mile) part.
             | 
             | If you increase redundancy, you should be more resilient to
             | e.g. trees knocking out power lines because there are
             | multiple paths in more parts of the network.
             | 
             | I doubt full redundancy (two lines to every customer) would
             | be realistic, but an increase in redundancy seems like a
             | more practical way forward than just starting over
             | completely with underground lines.
        
           | tigerBL00D wrote:
           | I don't think the difference between the power grid and the
           | power utility is clear to most people. The grid is a
           | statewide wholesale electricity distribution network which
           | consists of generators, substations and high voltage long
           | distance transmission lines. The utility is in charge of
           | taking the power from the grid and delivering 110/220V to end
           | customers, i.e. homes and businesses. This hurricane caused a
           | lot of damage to the utility infrastructure. The grid
           | performed fine.
           | 
           | Some people bring up the storm Ian in 2021. Winter storms are
           | fundamentally different disasters. Cold snaps drive up local
           | electricity demand sharply and this is the kind of thing that
           | can stress the grid.
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | > The utility is in charge of taking the power from the
             | grid and delivering 110/220V to end customers, i.e. homes
             | and businesses.
             | 
             | Sorry to be pedantic, but most US businesses have 208/120V
             | or 480/277V three-phase electrical services. There are some
             | old existing 240/120V three-phase high-leg delta (aka
             | bastard leg) delta services. [0] Delta-wye transformers are
             | the most common type today, that's where you get the
             | 208/120 and 480/277 services from. [1]
             | 
             | Larger commercial/industrial customers can have their own
             | medium/high voltage substations and premises
             | wiring/distribution.
             | 
             | Medium voltage is 2.4kV to 70kV with 4160V and 13800V being
             | the most common for commercial/industrial applications.
             | High voltage is roughly 100kV to 1mV.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-leg_delta
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-wye_transformer
        
               | gunapologist99 wrote:
               | > Sorry to be pedantic
               | 
               | Why apologize. You're in the right place for pedantry ;)
        
               | jsjohnst wrote:
               | > Sorry to be pedantic, but most US businesses have
               | 208/120V or 480/277V three-phase electrical services.
               | 
               | Sorry to be pedantic, but define "business". As someone
               | who's worked on many job sites doing commercial
               | electrical work, it's not as common as you imply that
               | there's three phase service running to a business. Do a
               | lot have it, yes, most, no. Literally everything else you
               | said I'm aligned with.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | I disagree, and I speak from experience.
           | 
           | We've been repeatedly hit by climate-change induced typhoons
           | here (near the SF Bay Area), and hurricane-force gusts hit
           | both of the last two years. Our area looses a lot of roads to
           | mudslides, and of course we have extended power outages.
           | 
           | Having said that, the first year, PG&E only delivered one
           | nine of availability last year, and this year, they're closer
           | to two nines.
           | 
           | The difference is that they actually trimmed the trees
           | (residents have been asking for this for years), and they
           | replaced most of the Regan-era telephone poles (the old ones
           | had bent into all sorts of interesting arcs, and the data
           | lines used be held up by being tied to nearby tree branches).
           | 
           | So, for a Cat-1 to be as bad as it is in Texas, I assume the
           | issue there is the same as here in California: Graft at the
           | utility company, and corruption at the state house.
           | 
           | We know for sure that Texas has these issues because they
           | continue to refuse to winterize the grid. They could do so at
           | minimal cost -- I think they just have to buy more expensive
           | grease and install insulation sleeves when they run above
           | ground pipes -- and the vast majority of states in the US do
           | this. As a result, every time they get a 10-year snow storm
           | the whole state loses power (and those storms are probably
           | now 1-5 year storms thanks to climate change). This has been
           | a well-publicized problem there since at least the 1990's, so
           | they've had more than enough time to fix it.
           | 
           | The last time they had a big winter storm, the power outage
           | cascaded to a catastrophic failure at a refinery that feeds
           | 20% of global PVC production. This is why you couldn't get
           | materials to repair drainage or plumbing during the tail end
           | of covid.
           | 
           | As to your point about it being an urban area:
           | 
           | The higher the population density, the easier the technical
           | challenges become for this stuff. The amount of line to
           | maintain per customer drops, and so does the density of
           | hazardous trees, landslides, etc. The main challenges are
           | around permitting, etc, but those processes are supposedly
           | very lax in Texas (which is a good thing IMO).
           | 
           | I do agree they should be burying lines whenever possible.
           | Everyone should do that. Modern equipment means it's a lot
           | easier than you'd think.
        
             | gunapologist99 wrote:
             | Houston actually has relatively low population density
             | compared to other metro areas with only 3,842 people per
             | square mile, and across the MSA (Houston is extremely
             | spread out), that number is much lower. (Compare to, for
             | example, Union City, NJ, with 54,138 persons/sq mile.)
             | There are some 7.5 million people spread out across more
             | than 10,000 square miles across the greater Houston area.
             | 
             | Also, the water table is very high, and hurricanes
             | completely flood entire areas, so transformers etc are
             | often completely underwater. It's just not feasible to bury
             | sensitive equipment when the entire area is under six or
             | ten feet of water.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | TLDR Texas is hosed as climate change accelerates and
               | there is no will to pay to build resilient infra.
               | Godspeed y'all.
        
               | silverquiet wrote:
               | I don't think it's really possible to predict what will
               | become of Texas. One could imagine such a big, resource-
               | rich state finding ways to work collectively for the
               | better of all, though obviously that's naive to the point
               | of nearly being a joke. Still there is a lot going for it
               | in some sense. Politicians may not care about the people,
               | but their beloved businesses also need infrastructure, so
               | at least there's that.
               | 
               | I've lived in Texas my entire life and there are aspects
               | of it that I love, but I do have vague plans to move
               | north once my remaining ties to the state dissolve.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Would you bet your financial success or life outcome on
               | Texas making rational policy leading to potentially more
               | favorable outcomes for its citizens (based on all
               | available evidence)?
        
               | alexk307 wrote:
               | Did you read OP's post?
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Yes. I am also familiar with the technical challenges and
               | cost of improving last mile electrical distribution to
               | withstand hurricane force conditions where burial is not
               | an option (whether because of a high water table or
               | potential surge conditions, where equipment is suspended
               | at a height above ground level on permanent scaffolding
               | or pedestals). It is expensive, not impossible. It is a
               | choice, and there is a cost. It's cold, hard economics.
               | The politics are whether to spend or not spend, and the
               | outcome of that decision.
        
               | downrightmike wrote:
               | And the flood zone maps are out of date and were not
               | really accurate to begin with and they are purposely not
               | updated.
        
             | ethagknight wrote:
             | You lost me at "climate change induced typhoon".
             | 
             | Comparing an "Bay Area typhoon" (very hilly) to low and
             | flat Houston with a direct hit is disingenuous at best.
        
               | wannacboatmovie wrote:
               | Don't worry, he saw a clogged storm drain in Pac Heights
               | once, he's got this.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | He does speak from experience!
        
               | jwkpiano1 wrote:
               | The elevation of Houston is _higher_ than the elevation
               | of SF. Yes, there are many hills, and the _max_ elevation
               | is obviously higher, but there are also plenty of low
               | lying areas and areas at sea level.
        
               | ethagknight wrote:
               | Hills make a huge difference impeding winds across the
               | land, storm water drains much faster. Has a hurricane
               | ever hit San Francisco? It's not a real comparison,
               | typhoons in the area, to a direct hurricane.
               | 
               | It's also extremely expensive to mitigate, maybe it
               | should be done, but the GP was hand waving it all away.
               | Commenter even "disagreed from experience" and then cited
               | a totally different experience.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | Nonetheless, there are no recorded instances of large
               | storm-induced floods in the SFBay area that I'm aware of.
               | Do you know of any?
               | 
               | Fires, earthquakes, heavy rains causing mudslides that
               | have actually killed people: yes. Some very localized
               | flooding around the Russian River happens all the time.
               | The Guadalupe River in San Jose flooded a few years ago.
               | But storm surge from the ocean? nope, nope.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | There was a pretty bad flooding event portrayed in the
               | documentary movie San Andreas.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/jvIGFhqbe0c?si=ZCaVjWjw-oi84HgD&t=1m39s
        
               | DoneWithAllThat wrote:
               | I was laughing too. Yes the legendary typhoons slamming
               | into SF yearly, how could I forget.
        
             | nostrademons wrote:
             | Also live in SF Bay Area, but my sister lived in Houston
             | for ~20 years and I grew up in the Northeast (and got hit
             | by hurricanes Gloria and Bob as a child).
             | 
             | What we saw with the winter storms of 2022 and 2023 was
             | nothing close to what Houston or even the NY area gets with
             | a hurricane. Bay Area topography is hilly; most of the wind
             | is broken by the Santa Cruz mountains. I'm in one of the SF
             | Peninsula canyons that's known for being particularly
             | windy, and we saw maybe 70mph gusts and 30mph sustained. A
             | Cat 1 hurricane (like Beryl, Bob, or Gloria) has 75mph
             | winds _sustained_ with gusts up to 100mph. A Cat 5 (like
             | Katrina at the height of its strength; it made landfall as
             | a cat 3) has 150mph sustained winds and 200+mph gusts.
             | 
             | Hurricane Bob knocked out power to eastern Long Island NY
             | for 2 days in 1991. Hurricane Sandy (also a Cat 1 at
             | landfall, but a direct hit on NYC) knocked out power for 2
             | weeks. The problem is not unique to Houston or Texas. PG&E
             | has plenty of its own problems, but the reason fewer poles
             | went down our winter storms (and they still did go down;
             | Cupertino was without power for almost 2 days) was simply
             | because the wind was less.
        
             | alexk307 wrote:
             | What are climate-change induced typhoons? How are those
             | quantified?
        
               | ifyoubuildit wrote:
               | I also wondered this. How do you tell the difference
               | between a climate change induced typhoon and the
               | alternative? Maybe its obvious to the down voters, but
               | you have at least two people here you could potentially
               | teach something to.
        
               | alexk307 wrote:
               | You don't - that's the point.
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | > climate-change induced typhoons here (near the SF Bay
             | Area), and hurricane-force gusts
             | 
             | What the Bay Area has seen is _nothing_ like actual
             | hurricanes.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | To quantify the winds we're talking about, the record-
             | setting winds in the Bay Area this February peaked at
             | 100mph gusts, with 18 stations recording values between
             | 80mph and 100mph [0] (Pablo Point, out in the middle of the
             | Pacific, recorded gusts of 102mph, but I'd consider that an
             | outlier). Notably, all stations recording values higher
             | than 80mph are on mountain peaks, not anywhere near
             | population centers. In most of the Bay Area the gusts
             | didn't exceed 60mph [1].
             | 
             | During Hurricane Beryl, 17 weather stations in the (very
             | flat) Houston area recorded wind gusts _in excess_ of
             | 100mph. 30 stations recorded gusts in excess of 90mph [2].
             | Beryl 's sustained winds were about 65mph, in excess of the
             | _gusts_ that most of the Bay Area experienced in that
             | February storm.
             | 
             | All of which is to say: other commenters are right, it's
             | useless to look at what you experienced in the Bay Area and
             | compare it to even a small hurricane.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/02/05/map-where-wind-
             | reache...
             | 
             | [1] https://underscoresf.com/the-belated-weekend-catch-up-
             | record...
             | 
             | [2] https://houstonlanding.org/these-houston-areas-
             | received-the-...
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | Consider earthquakes. Preparation and infrastructure are
               | what matter. If you don't do the prep, you'll have a
               | hundred thousand dead from a 6.0. But if you do the prep,
               | you'll have relatively trivial damage from a 7.0.
               | 
               | Texas power, thanks to their 'we don't need no
               | regulamazations' attitude, has shown itself to be
               | woefully underreported repeatedly in the last few years.
        
             | reaperman wrote:
             | > So, for a Cat-1 to be as bad as it is in Texas, I assume
             | the issue there is the same as here in California
             | 
             | The CEO of Centerpoint was the CFO of PG&E and the CFO of
             | Centerpoint came from PG&E as well. So you're more right
             | than you know!
        
             | holbrad wrote:
             | >climate-change induced typhoons
             | 
             | Tell me your uninformed, without telling me.
        
             | richrichie wrote:
             | > repeatedly hit by climate-change induced typhoons here
             | 
             | There, found another cult member.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | Can they bury power lines in houston? I thought the water
             | table was pretty close to the surface.
             | 
             | (if you want a swimming pool, dig a hole!)
             | 
             | EDIT: ok I looked
             | 
             | it seems there are two kinds of lines - transmission lines
             | and distribution lines.
             | 
             | Distribution lines can be buried, but it might not be good
             | in hurricane prone areas that are prone to flooding.
             | 
             | transmission lines are hard/expensive to bury, since the
             | insulation requirements are technically challenging.
             | 
             | The hurricane seems to have taken out some large
             | transmission lines in addition to distribution lines.
             | 
             | I wonder if maybe redundant lines might be cheaper than
             | buried lines?
        
           | smelendez wrote:
           | Ida in New Orleans was a real mess and exposed a lot of
           | issues in the city besides electricity.
           | 
           | Because power was out for so long, everyone threw out a ton
           | of food, but there was no trash pickup in some cases for
           | weeks because of staffing shortages and contract disputes, so
           | there was stinky trash and huge swarms of bright blue flies
           | everywhere. At one point, the mayor suggested people could
           | drive their own trash to the transfer station--after it had
           | been sitting out in 95 degree heat for weeks.
           | 
           | There also was no proper street cleaning, which meant streets
           | and sidewalks were full of storm debris, including things
           | like roofing nails. The lines at tire repair shops were
           | wrapping around the block.
           | 
           | Entergy's meter reading and billing also got completely
           | thrown off. I moved shortly after Ida, and it took months to
           | get any bill at all in the new place, and I only got my final
           | bill for the old place this year, almost three years later,
           | no longer living in Louisiana. (They also never actually sent
           | me the bill or turned on my autopay, so I only knew it was
           | time to pay when the power went out).
        
           | matt_heimer wrote:
           | I think there is also a tree maintenance issue, the same
           | problem that lead to fires in California. I'm 2 blocks from
           | where one of the tornados touched down during the derecho and
           | close the transmission lines that were heavily damaged. We
           | were without power for 5 days after the derecho and only 1
           | day this time. If you look at where power was least impacted
           | and restored the soonest for Beryl it is the same area that
           | was most impacted by the derecho.
           | 
           | I think the derecho took out a lot of the problematic trees
           | and branches.
        
           | bravetraveler wrote:
           | This last mile - lines/etc - are also partly what make
           | trivial matters like _' extended cold periods'_ a problem. I
           | hate it here in TX
        
         | silverquiet wrote:
         | I see people talking about deficiencies in the Texas grid, and
         | that may be true but hardly seems relevant to Houston; it's the
         | Houston grid that seems to be acutely problematic. In fact, it
         | occurred to me that with much of Houston still offline, the TX
         | grid is probably less stressed than usual and a look at the
         | dashboards on ercot.com would seem to confirm this - capacity
         | is well over demand.
        
           | bdcravens wrote:
           | The state grid is problematic at other times, but in the case
           | of storms, it's irrelevant when a fallen tree takes out a
           | physical power line. It's more of a "last mile" issue.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | The solution to last-mile problems is fewer miles. Fact is
             | metro Houston takes up 15x more land than is really called
             | for. A factor of 15 makes a significant difference in the
             | cost of wires, pipes, and roads.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | it's totally irrelevant. there was a wind storm in a region
           | where burying power lines is impractical
           | 
           | without wireless power transmission I'm not sure what people
           | want.
           | 
           | Where do you put lines that can't be buried or blown over?
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | SimCity and Elon Musk to the rescue! See, we put satellites
             | in space with giant solar panels on then and then just beam
             | the energy down from space, directly to a receiver dish
             | mounted on your rooftop, next to the starlink dish.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | I live in an area northwest of Houston.
         | 
         | We had similar outages (though not as long) in May (serious
         | storm, but not a hurricane)
         | 
         | In many cases, it's the result of winds knocking trees into
         | powerlines. I feel like preventative maintenance could mitigate
         | this. A big factor is likely our deregulation: the electricity
         | provider isn't the company billing end customers.
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | I live in Seattle's Ballard area, but work with people on the
           | east side. Big storms blow down branches all the time on the
           | other side of the lake, causing power outages. We have less
           | trees here in Seattle, comparatively, or maybe Seattle power
           | and light is better at tree maintenance, but ya lots of trees
           | = lots of power outages from what I can infer.
           | 
           | Some richer communities on the east side bury their lines so
           | power outages are more rare.
        
             | jtolmar wrote:
             | Downtown Ballard had a lot of power outages over the last
             | two years. Apparently they were using a different
             | transformer than everywhere else, all of which are getting
             | old, and some procurement mistake lead to the spare parts
             | being back-ordered by a year.
             | 
             | (This is second hand through a neighbor who actually went
             | and bothered them about all the outages, so there are
             | probably mistakes.)
        
               | zacharycohn wrote:
               | Using different equipment from the rest of Seattle is
               | very Ballard.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Ya, I live on 60th, so 4 blocks north of market, and it's
               | weird that they get power outages to about 56th or 57th
               | while we never do.
        
           | vel0city wrote:
           | The delivery price is regulated like it was pre-deregulatuon
           | and is a separate line item in pretty much everyone's bill.
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | It's obvious that everyone wants to blame it on their favorite
         | villain, whatever that is.
         | 
         | A more rational approach would be to look at comparable cities
         | and see how _they_ cope with big storms, whatever the storms '
         | cat numbers. My guess is, no matter what comparables you pick,
         | Houston comes out on the bottom.
         | 
         | Maybe it IS deregulation! You can be in favor of it in general,
         | and still admit, "OK, maybe in this instance it didn't work."
         | That doesn't mean you're giving free rein to the people in
         | favor of the government regulating _everything_.
        
           | blantonl wrote:
           | The issue was _exactly the same_ with Ida and New Orleans in
           | 2021. Areas of the New Orleans metro area were without power
           | for 3 weeks or more
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | so that's one comparable. Surely there are other First
             | World cities that have storms?
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Sprawling cities with millions of people that experience
               | Gulf hurricanes?
               | 
               | Miami, which also experiences massive power outages when
               | they're hit with even category 1 hurricanes.
               | 
               | > The rains caused flooding, and the combination of rains
               | and winds downed trees and power lines, leaving 1.45
               | million people without power.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina
        
           | alexk307 wrote:
           | Houston is a low-lying coastal city surrounded by rivers and
           | bayous whose population has increased 10x since 1950. Not
           | really an ideal situation to build out that kind of housing
           | for millions of people in floodplains.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | > I can't imagine the city is remotely prepared for (god
         | forbid, and idk how likely it is that far inland anyway) a cat
         | 4 or 5.
         | 
         | In the past they've never had a cat 5. The last cat 5 was Carla
         | in 1961. The last cat 3 was Alicia in 1983. The last cat 2 was
         | Alicia in 2008 (although that was actually east of Houston and
         | just hit Houston with its weaker winds).
         | 
         | Climate change should make such storms more likely to form, but
         | it should also change ocean and air current patterns which
         | could affect the chances they make it to Houston.
         | 
         | The list I got those from noted that in 1961 air conditioning
         | was still novel, which makes me curious. How did people deal
         | with the heat in Houston before air conditioning?
         | 
         | The average July temperature in Houston nowadays is 4.2 (2.3)
         | higher than it was in 1970, and climate change tends to cause
         | more extremes, so I'd guess that the highs are also higher and
         | extreme days more common, so maybe AC has become more of a
         | necessity nowadays?
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | > How did people deal with the heat in Houston before air
           | conditioning
           | 
           | I imagine at first it was really drafty homes, and later on
           | big ceiling fans everywhere
        
           | genocidicbunny wrote:
           | I'd expect the population of Houston in those days was also a
           | little more self selective, in that of you couldn't deal with
           | that heat, you probably didn't want to live there anyways.
           | 
           | There's a reason a lot of southwestern cities like Phoenix
           | started booming in population when AC became more readily
           | available.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Probably right, but also you don't miss what you've never
             | had. Not having air conditioning was just normal.
        
               | genocidicbunny wrote:
               | It might have been normal but people are people and would
               | still seek out more comfortable climates. And if you
               | stretch the definition of air conditioning a bit, we've
               | had that for about as long as we've been living in semi
               | enclosed spaces. Running a fire at night to keep the cave
               | warm is air conditioning. Building your home to have
               | water flowing under the floors so that you can cool or
               | heat the floors passively (I believe the Romans were
               | doing this) is air conditioning. Hanging a wet towel to
               | allow the water to evaporate and cool the room a little
               | is air conditioning.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | Before the 20th century people seeked out arable land
               | that could feed them reliably, any comfort the climate
               | provided was a very distant concern.
        
               | genocidicbunny wrote:
               | Arable land and climates comfortable for people tended to
               | have a very large overlap until the the invention of
               | modern irrigation techniques like center-pivot
               | irrigation. Before that, you need pretty special
               | conditions to be able to successfully farm in many of the
               | places in discussion.
               | 
               | Arable land that isn't habitable for weeks or months out
               | of the year wasn't terribly valuable or sought out.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | There were a lot of behavioral adaptations that don't seem as
           | practical now because the extremes are so much hotter and
           | more frequent. Porch sitting, the siesta, outdoor sleeping on
           | porches and roofs, etc. were all ways to mitigate the heat.
           | 
           | Wealthier people built big houses with lots of thermal mass
           | and tall ceilings while poorer people lived in shotgun houses
           | with aligned doors and porches that created constant airflow.
        
           | vondur wrote:
           | If I remember correctly, Houston is one of the most Air
           | Conditioned cites on earth. In the older days, Houston was
           | much smaller with less concrete and paving that holds the
           | heat in, making the entire area warmer. Plus, older houses
           | were designed for the climate that they were in. Now, every
           | place in the US basically gets the same house design
           | regardless of the climate.
        
           | alexk307 wrote:
           | Why start at 1970 when Houston has a temperature record back
           | to 1889? Start in the 60s and the jump is far lower. Or any
           | other year and the difference changes.
        
         | christophilus wrote:
         | I've lived through a lot of big hurricanes. Cat 1 storms can be
         | worse than more intense storms, as they are often slower-
         | moving, so they can dump a LOT more water per square inch. Not
         | sure if that was the case here, but it doesn't necessarily mean
         | they'd fare significantly worse under higher category storms.
        
         | gunapologist99 wrote:
         | Hurricane Ike was a category 4 that traveled nearly directly
         | over Houston in 2008. (It wasn't a category four when it passed
         | over, since, like all major storms, they weaken as they move
         | inland.)
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Ike
         | 
         | Burying lines, especially in historic areas, is incredibly
         | expensive and not necessarily a panacea either, although it
         | helps. Is it worth it?
         | 
         | Realistically, for the millions upon millions of people that
         | live in the greater Houston MSA (and of course except for those
         | who rely on power for healthcare equipment, who really need to
         | invest in a small generator or get to a shelter), it's far more
         | cost effective to simply deal with power outages every decade
         | or two.
         | 
         | During Ike, large parts of Houston, especially to the
         | northeast, were literally underwater, so power wouldn't have
         | helped anyway. The number of utility crews lined up along
         | highways _from other states_ , even from thousands of miles
         | away, in the immediate aftermath of Ike is both inspiring and
         | enlightening, especially when you recognize that they were
         | going into a disaster zone, likely without a nice hotel to go
         | back to or even running water after working a 12 hour shift.
         | 
         | So, no, it's just part of living near the coast in a hurricane-
         | prone area. If you don't like it, move somewhere else.
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | I think part of the argument is that it's like that the
           | number of these events will double or trouble, or even become
           | yearly with climate change.
        
             | gunapologist99 wrote:
             | Yes, that's the argument. Of course, some of it remains to
             | be seen, because as of now we're not actually seeing more
             | or more intense storms compared to historical averages (at
             | least that we know about).
             | 
             | Houston has, on average, one large storm event every decade
             | or so, and that hasn't really changed much over the last
             | 100 years. https://www.weather.gov/hgx/major_events
        
               | two_handfuls wrote:
               | We're probably about to see more and more intense storms
               | over the Atlantic. Hurricane Beryl is the earliest
               | category five Atlantic hurricane in records going back
               | around 100 years ([source](https://www.bbc.com/news/artic
               | les/c9r3g572lrno)).
               | 
               | So it's just a matter of time.
               | 
               | Also, looking at your source, I see 2 tropical cyclones
               | between 1900-1950, 3 between 1950-2000, and then 8 in the
               | 24 years since. To me that looks like an increase in
               | tropical cyclones over time.
        
             | mturmon wrote:
             | (Not an expert, but try to follow climate science as part
             | of $Dayjob. It's always hard to write quick summaries in
             | Earth Science, because the system is very complex.)
             | 
             | We have to be careful about what is meant by "these
             | events".
             | 
             | According to the sources I was able to find [1,2], sea
             | level rise (SLR) is perhaps the dominant driver for the
             | increasing damages from tropical cyclones (TCs). Models
             | show some increase (I'm not finding any support for 2x or
             | 3x though!) in the number of high-intensity TCs, and TC
             | intensification is expected to be more rapid.
             | 
             | But the underlying SLR will make even smaller TCs more
             | consequential - even if the number of storms of a given
             | intensity does not change.
             | 
             | [1] specifically says this. And if you look at the
             | consensus report [2], they spend most of their time
             | discussing SLR, in effect as an amplifier for all the
             | trouble a TC can cause. Only in one sentence in a very long
             | discussion do they claim that TCs are themselves worsening,
             | and the statement is quite nuanced:
             | 
             | "For example, hurricanes are intensifying more rapidly and
             | decaying more slowly, leading to stronger storms extending
             | farther inland with heavier rainfall and higher storm
             | surges..."
             | 
             | So if you interpret "these events" as "high dollar damage
             | TCs", you are correct. But not in the raw number of TCs of
             | a given intensity.
             | 
             | And you are right that the situation is quite dire already:
             | 
             | "Annual frequencies of both minor and moderate coastal
             | flooding increased by a factor of 2-3 along most Atlantic
             | and Gulf coastlines between 1990 and 2020" [2]
             | 
             | The same source says models predict a 5-10x increase in
             | flood events by 2100, which is truly staggering. The
             | recommendation of the GP commenter ("If you don't like it,
             | move somewhere else") seems to be poorly informed about how
             | important adaptation will be.
             | 
             | [1] https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/a-force-
             | of-nat...
             | 
             | [2] https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/9/, and expand
             | out "key message 1".
        
         | poikroequ wrote:
         | It's likely a combination of multiple factors. Texas, being a
         | red state, most certainly has a stronger climate denial
         | sentiment, which is going to affect policies and regulations.
         | Texas may be unprepared because major hurricanes were uncommon
         | in the past. Global warming means hotter temperatures which
         | makes long power outages more unbearable. And probably other
         | reasons I can't think of.
         | 
         | I expect things will improve, but it may take some years. As
         | these events become more common and people have to suffer every
         | year, voters are going to get fed up, and Republicans would be
         | foolish to keep up their climate denial stance.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | >Texas may be unprepared because major hurricanes were
           | uncommon in the past.
           | 
           | Maybe, but no. Texas has its history of major hurricanes.
           | While maybe not as popular of a target as Florida and New
           | Orleans, but Houston definitely has as much of a bullseye on
           | it as a trailer park in a tornado.
           | 
           | Harvey was predicted well in advance that it was going to be
           | a devastating storm. For days ahead I saw the up to 40" of
           | rain and thought that couldn't possibly be correct. Then it
           | happened. Houston took little action and then acted shocked.
           | Of course, Houston has it's own unique set of problems with
           | their lack of zoning rules plus so many other things without
           | having to make some climate denier argument that's not
           | necessarily wrong but just horribly out of place
        
             | poikroequ wrote:
             | I just know what I hear. Power outage during freezing
             | temperatures in winter time, and their response? No
             | handouts, pull yourself up by your bootstraps. As if people
             | in a major metropolitan city can just go into the nearby
             | woods and gather firewood.
             | 
             | Politics is definitely a factor.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > Politics is definitely a factor.
               | 
               | It's also election year. The state agencies didn't submit
               | the emergency declaration work _before_ the storm hit
               | like they usually did in years past - this is not their
               | first rodeo, so it can 't be explained by ignorance.
               | 
               | Also, Houston _is_ Harris county, so not exactly the
               | governor 's or legislature's favorite voting county.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | Centerpoint applied for $100 mil in funding from the
           | department of energy in 2023 to make their lines more
           | resilient to wind and storms and were turned down.
           | 
           | It's not nearly as clear cut as "red = head in sand"
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > This was just a cat 1 hurricane
         | 
         | _just_. The definition of "just a cat 1" is winds from 75 to 95
         | miles per hour. There is some debate over whether it picked up
         | to cat 2 levels just before it made landfall and reweakened to
         | cat 1.
         | 
         | > Other??
         | 
         | Political corruption preventing elected officials from actually
         | enforcing any laws or authority over Centerpoint.
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-real-problem-in-texas-d...
        
       | KingOfCoders wrote:
       | Germany has overengineered and expensive utilities, but I'm happy
       | sometimes that all power and telephone lines are underground.
        
         | k8sToGo wrote:
         | Utilities are much cheaper in Germany than for example
         | California. At least it was when I lived there.
        
         | galdosdi wrote:
         | Another poster pointed out that the cost of moving lines
         | underground is really only a one time fee of about $5 per
         | person per month for about 10 years. This does not seem too
         | expensive for a permanent increase in reliability. One thing I
         | will miss about living in Manhattan is the power never ever
         | went out, at least not due to the distribution grid.
         | 
         | And, it's a minor, minor thing, but as a bonus, having lines
         | out of sight is very nice.
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | Per person per month for 10 years is a ridiculous unit to
           | choose. Europe benefits from being very dense. The US grid is
           | way more spread out.
           | 
           | Undergrounding costs are around $1M per mile. The US has
           | millions of miles of lines.
        
             | xboxnolifes wrote:
             | Look at the numbers and it's not so crazy. This is a last
             | mile issue, not a full grid issue.
        
               | chgs wrote:
               | Americans like to think they're a special case.
               | 
               | Houston has a higher density than say Magdeburg
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | I'm only including distribution numbers in my figures
               | here. Transmission does not make sense to underground.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | I get that America is big, but the amortized per-person
             | cost is what's relevant. If something costs $10 M per mile,
             | but there are a million people per mile, suddenly that's
             | not all that expensive. I'd pay more than $10 to not have
             | my power go out for a week after a big storm that's likely
             | to happen again in a few weeks and next year and the year
             | after. A backup generator costs way more than $10.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | The amortized per person cost is obviously not going to
               | be constant when the demographic density and line mileage
               | changes. That's why it's a foolish standard
               | 
               | There's NEVER 1M customers per mile in a distribution
               | system. There's only going to be a few thousand per
               | substation. Half of the line miles will have customer
               | counts in the tens or ones.
        
           | fnfjfk wrote:
           | Were you here in 2012 for "SoPo"?
           | 
           | https://ny.curbed.com/2017/10/29/16560706/hurricane-sandy-
           | an...
        
           | chgs wrote:
           | I was in New York during hurricane sandy, staying in a hotel
           | on I think 28th street.
           | 
           | Really weird seeing complete darknesss to the south with just
           | a march of flashlights coming uptown to charge their phones
           | in Duane Reade.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | The water table in Germany and the water table in Texas are two
         | different things. Notably, the city is right next to a giant
         | body of salty ocean water, which is why they get hurricanes in
         | the first place, but it also severely complicates the process
         | of creating underground utilities.
        
           | sangnoir wrote:
           | This argument would be more convincing if Houston didn't have
           | _any_ underground infrastructure.
        
         | issa wrote:
         | My wife is from Germany and one of the weirdest things for her
         | in moving to the US is that the power goes out.
        
       | ndr42 wrote:
       | I'm curious, Texas seems to get a lot of sun - how common are
       | private solar installations on the roofs? Combined with a battery
       | you could lower your electricity bill and would be safe from this
       | kind of problem.
       | 
       | In my neighbourhood in northern germany about 5% of the houses
       | have them. They pay for themself in about 5-10 years.
       | 
       | edit: spelling
        
         | blantonl wrote:
         | Solar installations in suburb cities in Texas are extremely
         | common.
        
         | wannacboatmovie wrote:
         | Are you suggesting that the vast ghettoes and low-income areas
         | in Houston all install solar panels and Tesla Powerwalls? Many
         | people in hardest-hit areas struggle paycheck to paycheck- if
         | they're working at all.
        
           | ndr42 wrote:
           | No I do not. I was not aware of the vast ghettoes. But some
           | kind of middle class has to exist as the article headline
           | talks about air conditioning - in Germany air conditioning is
           | not common even in the upper middle class - this may be
           | different in the US - idk.
        
             | laweijfmvo wrote:
             | in the US many people expect their houses to always be
             | between 68 and 72 degrees fahrenheit (or some other
             | ridiculous numbers), year round.
        
             | nemomarx wrote:
             | Air conditioning is very common and very cheap here - you
             | get little window units for a few hundred and such.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | "Vast ghetto" is a bit extreme but a lot of the gulf coast
             | is very poor indeed. Texas has plenty of very poor
             | neighborhoods as does Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida
             | right in prime hurricane paths.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | It turns out the climate of Houston and Germany are pretty
             | different. Who knew.
        
             | Falkon1313 wrote:
             | Germany is _way_ farther north though. Houston is further
             | south than Israel, about the same latitude as Kuwait City
             | and the Sahara Desert. The temperature averages 20-30degF
             | warmer than Berlin (33-40degC), or put another way, Berlin
             | 's record high temperatures are a typical day in Houston.
             | Also very humid since it's right near the ocean. Comparison
             | charts:https://weatherspark.com/compare/y/9247~75981/Compar
             | ison-of-...
             | 
             | So yes, air conditioning is very common there, even if
             | you're poor that's one thing you will try to find a way to
             | get.
             | 
             | In the ghettos it's normally an old window unit, not
             | central AC. Also shotgun shacks, which are houses setup
             | with a straight-through floorplan so that if you open the
             | front and back doors the whole thing becomes kind of a wind
             | tunnel. Not as good as AC, but better than nothing.
             | 
             | In those neighborhoods, you'll also often see people
             | (especially elderly and children) hanging out at the
             | neighborhood church or mom and pop store, where there is
             | air conditioning, if they don't have AC or it isn't
             | working.
        
           | galdosdi wrote:
           | This is what financialization is for -- allowing homeowners
           | to get "free" panels in exchange for paying back out of the
           | savings over the years. Leasing panels is not uncommon.
           | 
           | If these kinds of services don't exist in enough quantity,
           | government subsidy could help.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > allowing homeowners
             | 
             | They don't own the homes. They likely rent them.
             | 
             | > government subsidy could help.
             | 
             | More government money going directly over the people who
             | most need it into the hands of the people who least need
             | it. The property owner class redirects another crisis to
             | their benefit.
        
         | collinmcnulty wrote:
         | Solar installations are common and growing. I put one on my
         | Houston roof this year. However, battery backups to allow you
         | to keep the lights on with your solar when the grid is down are
         | much more expensive. Many people have gotten gas backup
         | generators in the past few years instead.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | My power was out until ~4am today.
       | 
       | Incredibly, my fiber internet never went down the entire time.
       | That part of my infrastructure _is_ buried and they back it all
       | up with proper generators.
        
         | matt_heimer wrote:
         | I'm in the affected area. The contractors that they used to
         | install the last mile fiber didn't do a great job. They not
         | only damaged other cables like the coax but "buried" isn't how
         | I'd describe the fiber. In the easements the fiber is only a
         | couple inches below ground at most, in some places it was above
         | ground and I had to bury it myself.
         | 
         | I do wish Comcast (and Tmobile) would use generators instead of
         | battery backups. We get about 4 hours of internet when the
         | power is out and I run the home router off of a generator.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Houston Is on a Path to an All-Out Power Crisis_
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40951647
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Recent and related:
       | 
       |  _Houston Is on a Path to an All-Out Power Crisis_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40951647 - July 2024 (68
       | comments)
        
       | spamizbad wrote:
       | Why is Texas infrastructure so brittle? It's a wealthy,
       | prosperous state unencumbered by regulation or legacy stuff that
       | tends to cause issues in other states.
        
         | msie wrote:
         | We all know...
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | Seems like this was a problem with last mile delivery, which
         | isn't a uniquely Texas problem. Oregon and California have had
         | plenty of major outages due to wind and cold snaps in the last
         | few years as well.
        
           | while_true_ wrote:
           | Not true about California. Outages in storms are highly
           | localized. Some rural areas get power turned off but only
           | when fire risk is extreme. There have been no large cities
           | without power for a week like Houston.
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | Not a week, but just earlier this year there was a storm in
             | the SF Bay Area where there were many people without power
             | for 3-5 days. Most of the damage was due to last mile
             | transmission failures from debris. And I'm sure that had
             | the storm been in the hurricane strengths, the damage would
             | have been even worse.
             | 
             | Portland too had that major cold snap where power was out
             | due to last mile transmission problems. I know at least one
             | city in the metro area that sped up their plans to bury
             | their power transmission because during that storm large
             | parts of that city were without power for days.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | You've answered your own question. The incentives of capitalism
         | "unencumbered by regulation" and the necessities of investing
         | in and maintaining infrastructure are often at odds.
        
           | bluerooibos wrote:
           | See the crumbling privatised water infrastructure in
           | London/England as another example of this. The companies in
           | charge allowed the infrastructure to crumble all whilst
           | paying out massive shareholder dividends and holding huge
           | amounts of debt. Then they dare to ask for government
           | bailouts and increased utility bill prices. Someone explain
           | how that's even allowed.
           | 
           | As usual, socialism for the losses, capitalism for the
           | profits.
        
             | olddustytrail wrote:
             | It's worse than that. Those massive debts are from loans
             | from a loan company. The parent company of the loan company
             | is also the parent company of Thames water.
             | 
             | It's all a massive scam. It would be better if companies
             | were not able to own other companies.
        
         | sparker72678 wrote:
         | Profit does not rise proportionally with costs as reliability
         | increases (i.e. it costs a lot of money to make it more
         | reliable, but you don't get to charge substantially more). The
         | electric company monopoly does not have incentives to spend
         | money to be more reliable. All the downsides of widespread
         | power outage are externalized onto the customers.
        
         | freen wrote:
         | Huh, odd that profit seeking behavior doesn't maximize the
         | public well being in the case of natural monopolies.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | Same reason healthcare, higher education and many other
         | necessities of life are horrifically expensive.
         | 
         | Ever increasing profit.
        
         | namesbc wrote:
         | It is the lack of regulation that is the problem here. The
         | power company is incentized to make higher profits year around
         | by not preparing for a disaster.
        
           | nxm wrote:
           | PG & E is "heavily regulated" and yet Newsome allowed them to
           | not upgrade power lines which eventually caused massive wild
           | fires
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | The fact that PG&E, in a much more regulated and liberal
             | California, also has power problems is interesting and
             | valid, but Newsom's only been governor since 2019 (the Camp
             | Fire was 2018), so you can't put that much blame on him,
             | and there are decades of blame to go around.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | Are you judging it to be "brittle" based upon popular headlines
         | or some insider information?
        
           | cocacola1 wrote:
           | They're likely basing it off the fact that so many people
           | have been without power for so many days.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | Houston has always been a wreck. This is just another example.
         | 
         | (I live in Dallas)
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | We had a power outage in March for like 4 days, that spanned
         | the entire city of Montreal last year. We were lucky the
         | weather was pretty warm. This type of stuff just happens
         | sometimes.
         | 
         | We also had a 2 weeks long power outage 20 years ago. Again, in
         | Quebec
        
       | gunapologist99 wrote:
       | In spite of (or perhaps because of) the constant repairs after a
       | major storm every 10 to 15 years, Houston actually has one of the
       | lowest energy costs in the United States:
       | https://www.bls.gov/regions/midwest/data/averageenergyprices...
       | 
       | For some real numbers for Houston specifically in the middle of
       | the hot summer months, input 77002 (a Houston metro zip code)
       | into Texas govt's electricity provider search engine
       | https://powertochoose.org/ ; it will show most plans are around
       | 12-14 cents per kwh, down to 10.9 c/kwh on a variable 12 month
       | 500kWh plan.
        
         | laweijfmvo wrote:
         | does it matter how cheap it is if it's not available?
        
           | gunapologist99 wrote:
           | That's something you could decide for yourself and vote by
           | moving there or away. Many residents of Houston would gladly
           | tolerate an occasional outage to not see prices go up, and
           | critical services like emergency services, hospitals, and
           | datacenters all have generators, so it seems to be something
           | that can be worked around with a bit of effort and expense.
        
         | protastus wrote:
         | It seems that it's cheap because they're cutting corners on
         | infrastructure.
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | And then go begging for disaster relief and emergency funds
           | from the federal government, so the rest of the country gets
           | to cover the costs. Privatize the profits, socialize the
           | losses.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | My two takes:
       | 
       | - due to climate change alone AND business predatory practice
       | alone infrastructure are very vulnerable and there is no easy fix
       | at infra level;
       | 
       | - p.v. and batteries for large slices of the inhabited planet
       | where they are meaningful AT CHINESE PRICES are an expensive
       | backup that can pay back itself even without emergencies.
       | 
       | Corollary: doing our best to annihilate companies who makes
       | absurdly high margins on p.v. and batteries and do individually
       | our best to be covered. Personally I eat my fingers a bit when 4
       | years ago I decide for a small (8kWh LFP) backup with only 5kWp
       | p.v. instead of 10kWp/30kWh witch would give me enough also in
       | winter in case of a blackouts. In summer I can be autonomous
       | since local climate is hot only during the day, no need of A/C
       | from early evening to mid-morning.
       | 
       | Corollary of the corollary: built modern well insulated homes is
       | needed, not only to consume less as a whole society but also to
       | live well individually.
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | Something that did go well is water movement. It was neat to see
       | the bayous rise to just below the flood point then stay right
       | there as the weirs of flood mitigation ponds take off the excess.
       | I'm looking forward to checking out the data to compare the
       | rain/flood gauges compared to past events. [0] Thank you federal
       | tax payers for contributing to this effort!
       | 
       | WRT the local utility, I can appreciate that they have some hard
       | choices ahead. There are two branches of possible futures: one
       | where many more people are charging cars etc and require more
       | power to domiciles; two where battery deployment at the edge
       | bears the brunt of peak loads and requires a lower constant
       | trickle or even nearly nothing as PV is more broadly deployed.
       | 
       | 0. https://www.harriscountyfws.org/
        
       | more_corn wrote:
       | Get rooftop solar and a battery.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Note: this isn't a power grid issue. Texas is famously not
       | connected to the national grid [1]. This is an issue of downed
       | power lines.
       | 
       | An obvious question is: why doesn't Houston have underground
       | power? It turns out that Houston really shouldn't exist. It's
       | built on a swamp. It's also hot so heat dissipation is an issue.
       | So it's expensive [2]. Houston is also famous for its lack of
       | zoning [3]. Combine this with a lot of really old neighbourhoods
       | that don't, for example, have sufficient setbacks to bury cabling
       | and you have a hot mess.
       | 
       | It's also worth pointing out that Houston is one of the worst
       | urban sprawls on the planet. It's almost as large as LA with
       | slightly more than half the population.
       | 
       | It's accurate to describe Houston as a low-lying car-dependent
       | hellscape built on a swarmp with no urban planning in a hurricane
       | zone.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.kut.org/energy-environment/2021-07-22/texas-
       | elec...
       | 
       | [2]:
       | https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/05/24/burying-...
       | 
       | [3]: https://therealdeal.com/texas/2023/03/16/dont-say-the-z-
       | word...
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | > It's almost as large as LA with slightly more than half the
         | population.
         | 
         | Geez. I thought LA was quite bad already.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | Here are some comparisons I like to use that really put
           | things in perspective, particlarly for Europeans:
           | 
           | 1. The Greater Houston Metro Area is larger than Wales;
           | 
           | 2. Greater Houston has fewer people than London but is almost
           | _twenty times the area_ ;
           | 
           | 3. IIRC if liad out the Greater Houston area over England it
           | would stretch from London to Birmingham;
           | 
           | 4. Greater Houston is, in fact, larger than several states
           | _including New Jersey_ ;
           | 
           | 5. Greater Houston is more than half the size of Switzerland.
        
       | Scoutmaster wrote:
       | Yesterday I spoke with a Generac (home standby generator)
       | dealership owner in the Houston area, and they are getting
       | swamped with calls (80 a minute at times) and they have 20 people
       | manning the phones.
       | 
       | One of the problems I see is that people aren't prepared. I live
       | my life by the motto "Be Prepared" (see username). One of the
       | Merit Badges I teach is Emergency Preparedness, and with camping,
       | my Scouts are okay going without electricity and electronics.
       | Even if you're not interested or able to participate in Scouting,
       | swing by your local Scout Shop and pick up an Emergency
       | Preparedness Merit Badge booklet and learn what you can do to Be
       | Prepared. It doesn't extend to just hurricanes.
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEb9cL3-kf0
        
         | jmward01 wrote:
         | We live in a society and preparing as a group means that we can
         | efficiently use resources and focus our energy on things that
         | are interesting instead of everyone being overly prepared.
         | Everyone going out and buying a generator is expensive,
         | wasteful and incredibly inefficient. Why isn't it reasonable to
         | just expect reliable infrastructure and quick responses to
         | issues?
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | Maybe it's unreasonable to expect reliable infrastructure
           | after getting many examples of how the infrastructure is not
           | reliable.
           | 
           | You and I are highly unlikely to be able to fix the
           | infrastructure; we can, however, be prepared for doing
           | without it.
        
             | fellowniusmonk wrote:
             | Due to occasional failures we should now throw our hands up
             | and label systemic undercutting, and poor governance as
             | unfixable.
             | 
             | Because things are bad sometimes let's excuse unlimited
             | incompetence when expected situations are ignored and cause
             | inevitable catastrophic failure.
             | 
             | Sometimes plans fail so let's excuse failure to plan.
             | 
             | When a huge storm blows through with minimal fuss because
             | preparation and regulation was taken seriously let's
             | downplay the risk and deregulate and dismantle safety
             | apperatus as they are clearly unneeded....
             | 
             | It goes on and on... why did we hire these security guys we
             | never have breaches, why did we hire these sys and network
             | admins everything always works, why do we have all these
             | pesky earthquake codes no buildings have fallen recently...
             | 
             | After nearly 40 years I still can't understand the mental
             | gymnastics required to be so obdurate. It's just nihilistic
             | slash and burn thinking isn't it.
        
             | jmward01 wrote:
             | I think it is better to put that energy into improving
             | things and building a better future for everyone. As a
             | country it feels like we have forgotten that we can work
             | together to do big things. I still think we can.
        
       | wnevets wrote:
       | texas and not having power go together like a horse and carriage
        
         | nxm wrote:
         | Meanwhile in California...
        
           | wnevets wrote:
           | How many people don't have power in California?
        
       | iftheshoefitss wrote:
       | haarp 20.0 goes dummy on bro
        
       | Molitor5901 wrote:
       | Deregulation is a terrible idea for life supporting and necessary
       | utilities, power specifically. By deregulating the market,
       | everyone is forced to compete for a finite amount of transmission
       | ability for low profits, each one trying to undercut the other
       | IMO. It completely destabilized the Texas power market. At this
       | point, it may be worth considering putting the Texas power grid
       | into some type of federal receivership.
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | Texans basically should view grid independent home solar as a
         | minimum requirement.
         | 
         | Between this and the ice storm s couple years ago Texas has
         | shown itself incapable of utility grade service.
         | 
         | In general I think the disaster resilience afforded by home
         | solar is simply not valued enough by subsidies and incentives
         | policies.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | Texas is a highly urbanized state and a significant number of
           | families don't have the ability to install home solar, so it
           | cannot be viewed as 'minimum requirement' and some other
           | solution is neccesary.
        
             | chgs wrote:
             | Maybe people could club together and form some form of
             | group which provides that minimum requirement for the whole
             | area. You could perhaps have an equal say in the group, and
             | have a meeting every few years where you elect some people
             | to run the thing on your behalf.
        
               | quitit wrote:
               | My guess is it'll meet the same fate as municipal
               | broadband. (i.e. It is explicitly outlawed in Texas.1)
               | 
               | 1. https://law.justia.com/codes/texas/2005/ut/002.00.0000
               | 54.00....
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | Or the state government could implement a regulatory
               | regime that ensures its citizens have reliable
               | electricity. A feat the other 49 states seem to have
               | mostly accomplished.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | > Texans basically should view grid independent home solar as
           | a minimum requirement.
           | 
           | And then hail punches through your solar panels and you have
           | to pay for that.
           | 
           | If there were a cheap, easy solution, _people would have done
           | it already_.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | I think this is just confirmation bias. We have plenty of power
         | outages, some that last longer than this (the 1998 ice storm in
         | Quebec took down the power for weeks). Last year we were out of
         | power for 4 days, again right in the middle of Montreal. It
         | just seems like HN likes to see stories about the Texas power
         | grid, since I don't even remember a story about Montreal's
         | outage last year hitting the front page for long.
         | 
         | I don't think anyone could argue that Quebec has a deregulated
         | power grid, it's the complete opposite in fact. Power
         | generation, distribution, and last mile connections are all
         | nationalized.
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | Centerpoint applied for $100 mil in funding from the department
         | of energy in 2023 to make their infrastructure more resilient
         | and were denied.
         | 
         | If you want to blame politics, this is a case of national
         | bureaucracy getting it wrong than deregulation.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | I don't know that this event is a great example for your
         | argument.
         | 
         | An entirely different energy market model (MISO/Entergy) was
         | also heavily impacted. The Woodlands, Conroe, et. al. are on a
         | completely different grid. I don't get to pick a "retail
         | electricity provider" and I live 20 minutes from people who
         | can. Doesn't seem to matter.
         | 
         | All markets hit by Beryl are approximately the same degree of
         | screwed, regardless of any specific underlying ideologies.
        
       | S_A_P wrote:
       | I was directly hit by Beryl, and just got power back today. For
       | us, the issue was trees taking out the power lines. We live on
       | acreage with a lot of pecan trees, and lost 4 of them in the
       | storm. 2 of them toppled over on the power line. I personally
       | don't think that Centerpoint has done a bad job here, Houston is
       | a large land mass and there is no way that you can get everyone
       | back online with as much wind damage as we sustained much quicker
       | than what happened. This storm was so much different than Harvey,
       | which was a flood event. We did have some flooding but nowhere
       | near that level with Beryl. Really, its just one of those
       | situations that just sucks, and there isnt a whole lot you can
       | really do about it.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | One option is multiple feeds to most streets.
         | 
         | Ie. If power lines at one end of the street get felled by a
         | tree, power just comes from the other end of the street
         | instead.
         | 
         | High voltage distribution lines can be done the same - every
         | transformer getting fed from at least 2 places.
         | 
         | Obviously with many lines down, such a system might leave
         | everyone with power, but total power deliverable is still
         | lower. For that, you need smart metering that integrates with
         | consumers distribution boards such that at times of stress on
         | the power network, less important loads are turned off by
         | default (ie. Pool heaters), whilst lighting and fridges stay
         | on.
         | 
         | Nowhere in the US does that for consumers yet I don't think.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | I'm surprised people still live in that area. The aftermath of
       | Harvey in 2017 would have been the eye opener. Yet the area sees
       | a massive influx of residents every year [1]
       | 
       | Any area near coast line is going to disappear over the next
       | couple of decades due to climate change.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.axios.com/local/houston/2024/03/19/texas-
       | populat...
        
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