[HN Gopher] Windows NT for Power Macintosh
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Windows NT for Power Macintosh
        
       Author : TazeTSchnitzel
       Score  : 252 points
       Date   : 2024-07-12 12:51 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | fny wrote:
       | Very, very cool, and I can't wait to relive giving up all my DOS
       | games!
        
         | TickleSteve wrote:
         | This isnt an x86 emulator that can run a DOS box, this is NT
         | running natively on PPC.
         | 
         | So... no DOS games I'm afraid.
        
           | nullindividual wrote:
           | _Macintosh_ PowerPC.
           | 
           | NT4 was already compatible with PowerPC systems. The support
           | ended with NT4 Service Pack 2; no further SPs had PPC
           | support.
        
             | FMecha wrote:
             | Because desktop PowerPC was unpopular for anything other
             | than Mac, and PPC NT wasn't designed for Open Firmware.
             | Though you can blame Microsoft's monopoly tactics - in
             | which loyalty to x86 was the prime directive, alternative
             | OSes on PPC Macs were not a widely accepted idea either -
             | people stuck around with classic Mac OS, in (ultimately)
             | vain hopes that Copland/Taligent would deliver.
        
               | nullindividual wrote:
               | Where are you getting this information?
               | 
               | The PReP/CHRP was a venture by Apple, IBM, and Motorola
               | (but primarily IBM) to allow companies to build OSes for
               | a common platform. Apple didn't want to participate in
               | the end. But like other ports of NT to MIPS and Alpha
               | (Alpha enjoyed much more support until Compaq dropped
               | support), the popularity was well beneath the dirt cheap
               | in comparison x86 platform.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_Reference_Platform
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Hardware_Reference_P
               | lat...
               | 
               | This had nothing to do with Microsoft's monopoly. And
               | nothing to do with exclusively 'desktop' PPC -- remember,
               | NT4 Server also had PPC support through SP2. IBM's
               | intention was for servers, not desktops (though they did
               | produce compatible laptops/desktops), to support
               | operating systems such as AIX and S[l]o[w|l]aris
               | 
               | AIX isn't exactly a desktop OS.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | > AIX isn't exactly a desktop OS.
               | 
               | If so, only artificially; AIX was born on a workstation
               | and seems to still support running a graphical desktop
               | environment.
        
               | nullindividual wrote:
               | Just like NT4 Server :-)
               | 
               | Intended use vs. potential use.
               | 
               | And yeah, NT4 Server was just NT4 Workstation with some
               | registry fiddly bits flipped.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Right; NT was and is likewise quite capable of being a
               | desktop or server OS, the difference is that MS actually
               | pushed that and NT 10.0 is still actively used in both
               | contexts.
        
               | lizknope wrote:
               | AIX was the first Unix I ever used in 1991 on an IBM RT
               | with the ROMP CPU
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_RT_PC
               | 
               | I wanted one on my desktop so bad. DOS/Win3.1 PCs were
               | just so bad to me. Then I saw SunOS and really just
               | wanted any Unix system on my desk. I bought a PC in 1994
               | just to install Linux.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | I had one of these back in the early 90's, bought used,
               | of course. It was running AIX 2.x. I moved on to Linux
               | pretty quick.
        
               | FMecha wrote:
               | >Where are you getting this information?
               | 
               | From personal perception every time I read articles on
               | Taligent, Copland, and Workplace OS (which did result in
               | a demo PowerPC port of OS/2).
               | 
               | >This had nothing to do with Microsoft's monopoly.
               | 
               | Admittedly I had that comment in mind to pre-empt any
               | potential narrativeposting.
        
             | duffyjp wrote:
             | Someone gave me an NT4 CD when I was a kid and on the jewel
             | case it said it supported x86, PPC, I think some other
             | architectures too. I was disappointed I could never get our
             | PowerMac to boot from it. :P
        
               | nullindividual wrote:
               | Alpha and MIPS are the other two architectures.
               | 
               |  _Sad trombone noises for Alpha_
        
               | duffyjp wrote:
               | I had a job in 2006 where the sysadmin ran the entire
               | shop on a single OpenVMS server with two 500Mhz Alpha
               | CPUs. It was our file server, AD server (somehow), DB
               | server, web server, everything.
               | 
               | I just looked it up and that CPU came out in 1996, at the
               | same time Intel released their 200Mhz Pentium. Alpha was
               | way ahead of their time.
        
           | my123 wrote:
           | NT on PPC had NTVDM afaik (with the licensed SoftPC x86
           | emulator)
        
           | xbar wrote:
           | Read it again.
        
           | Narishma wrote:
           | You misread the comment. They don't want to run DOS games,
           | they want to relive the inability to run them when switching
           | to Windows NT.
        
           | rezmason wrote:
           | I wonder what software _is_ available NT4 on a Power
           | Macintosh.
        
       | gcp123 wrote:
       | Wow, just when I was looking for a reason to fire up my old 1998
       | bondi blue iMac G3, this pops up. What a weird, wild, and
       | specific project!
        
       | ndiddy wrote:
       | The same developer ported PPC NT 4 to the Wii last year:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8BpUpr1h9U
        
       | ngneer wrote:
       | Any screenshot?
        
         | unleaded wrote:
         | https://social.nano.lgbt/notes/9vl4xznolng53nce
        
         | farmerbb wrote:
         | https://twitter.com/virtuallyfun/status/1811812177805767078/...
        
       | lawnchair wrote:
       | Windows NT was fascinating. If you want to read a great book
       | about it, check out Showstopper.
        
         | eigenvalue wrote:
         | That was a great book, up there with Masters of Doom and The
         | Soul of a New Machine.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | _Was_ ?
        
           | badgersnake wrote:
           | Dunno why this is getting downvoted. Modern Windows is still
           | very much a Windows NT derivitive.
        
             | redox99 wrote:
             | Is it a derivative? I'd say it's the latest version of
             | Windows NT.
        
               | badgersnake wrote:
               | It's the same codebase that was my point. Whether it's
               | still called Windows NT or whether that name died in the
               | 90s can probably be argued either way.
        
               | lizknope wrote:
               | I think XP is when the DOS based Win95/98/ME was merged
               | with NT
        
               | mewse-hn wrote:
               | The Win95 line wasn't really merged, more discontinued.
               | XP had improved DOS/legacy compatibility vs win2000 but
               | not much.
        
               | nullindividual wrote:
               | The marketing and front-facing name clearly died. The
               | internal name did not.
        
               | sedatk wrote:
               | NT is still the name of the kernel. (ntoskrnl.exe)
        
               | mycall wrote:
               | I wonder if that is still true for Azure OS.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Kind of,
               | 
               | https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-os-
               | platform-b...
               | 
               | However plenty of Azure infrastructure uses Linux as
               | well,
               | 
               | https://github.com/microsoft/azurelinux
               | 
               | https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/sonic-the-
               | networking-...
        
               | pndy wrote:
               | That's still the same NT line tho they changed how
               | versions are called after Windows 8.1 which was NT 6.3.
               | Initial Windows 10 release was bumped to NT 10.0 but
               | further versions use _year-month_ and _year-half year_
               | formats
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Win
               | dows_vers...
        
           | Hnrobert42 wrote:
           | Often people conjugate based on their perspective. As in, it
           | was a great book at the they read it.
        
       | stahi wrote:
       | Nostalgia reminds me of this: https://lowendmac.com/2014/next-
       | openstep-and-the-triumphant-...
       | 
       | Amelio and the rest of his senior staff began searching for a way
       | out. They needed a new operating system to buoy their attempts to
       | compete with the Wintel juggernaut. The same search had taken
       | place several times before, but now the company was desperate.
       | 
       | Limited Options Ultimately the list of possible targets was
       | narrowed down to five options:
       | 
       | License Windows NT from Microsoft and bolt a Mac-like interface
       | onto it. License Solaris from Sun and bolt a Mac-like interface
       | onto it. Narrow the focus of the flagging Copland project and
       | release it in a year and a half. Acquire Be and use BeOS. Acquire
       | NeXT and use OpenStep.
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | They did end up releasing salvageable bits and pieces of
         | Copland as Mac OS 8.
        
           | nullindividual wrote:
           | Similar story to Cairo with Microsoft [0].
           | 
           | Both visionary, both only partial successes.
           | 
           | WinFS :-(
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_(operating_system)
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | I think of it as a time when people became so entranced
             | with the idea of the emerging object-oriented zeitgeist
             | that they imagined that making things OO and component
             | driven would just hand-wave towards success. People rushed
             | to make infrastructure to support this model, and, well, it
             | was no magic bullet. Complexity, fragility, and a lot of
             | hard work remained.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | the thing I'd like to see is for software to expose
               | functional/"rest"-like interfaces. similar with websites
               | and the content/user data.
               | 
               | if you look at what accessibility software achieves by
               | simply looking at the screen/hooking into the OS, now
               | imagine any and all software could be connected like
               | that.
               | 
               | some of this functionality is now provided in individual
               | silos, e.g. an email with an appointment in gmail can go
               | into your Google calendar. a ticket from your train
               | company can be added to Google wallet.
               | 
               | but if you look at a flight booking system and want to
               | compare the total price of a given set of dates for
               | travel, including hotel and other things at different
               | times - you're back to doing it on paper (or use
               | somebody's website where 20% of the flights or hotels you
               | want aren't included).
        
               | nullindividual wrote:
               | > the thing I'd like to see is for software to expose
               | functional/"rest"-like interfaces. similar with websites
               | and the content/user data.
               | 
               | You mean, COM?
        
               | postmodest wrote:
               | Isn't that the SmallTalk model, but everyone decided to
               | use C++ instead?
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Not everyone, IBM OS/2 SOM had support for Smalltalk, C
               | and C++.
               | 
               | Smalltalk was OS/2's .NET, so to speak.
               | 
               | Unfortunately it all died alongside OS/2, followed by
               | IBM's pivot to Java.
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | You would have enjoyed AREXX IPC on the Amiga.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARexx
        
             | temac wrote:
             | It's funny how cancelled projects are somehow making people
             | almost more "nostalgic" than projects that actually
             | shipped. One of the reason may be that cancelled projects
             | don't need to be completed, to ship with a reasonably good
             | quality, to have an easy to use interface, to be
             | sustainable for a long enough period of time, etc.
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | There's a concept in political theory about why people
               | become nostalgic for lost causes, failed movements, etc -
               | kind of a backwards looking utopianism?
               | 
               | If only we had done X, if only this group had succeeded
               | instead of failed in the past... I do agree that it's a
               | way to avoid looking at the actual implementations and
               | details of a real thing, and just go to what might have
               | been directly.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | I rather see a reason that many such cancelled projects
               | had very elegant architectures/structures, which is
               | something that hackers love.
               | 
               | If you want to ship a product so that it becomes
               | commercially successful, you often have to "deeply taint"
               | this clear vision to make the product compatible with the
               | multitude of very inelegant (industry) standards that
               | customers expect/require.
               | 
               | Thus the nostalgia is not about shipping vs not shipping,
               | but about keeping an elegant vision or be willing to
               | taint it to be compatible with a "depraved" world.
        
           | alsetmusic wrote:
           | I saw Copland at MacWorld Expo Boston at Apple's booth. It
           | kernel panicked. We didn't get to use it.
           | 
           | But wow do I remember how exciting it was the first time I
           | read about it in MacUser magazine. Basically some GUI mockups
           | and promises of cool under-the-hood improvements, possibly
           | the first time I was excited about future computing. Thank
           | goodness they bought NeXT instead. They had no ability to
           | manage projects at scale at the time.
           | 
           | Too bad TimApple has no sense of how to do anything other
           | than chase growth; we need another product person at the
           | helm. Oh well.
        
             | karlgkk wrote:
             | I'm tired of hearing "Tim Apple's Apple Can't Engineer".
             | 
             | VisionOS has some of the most incredible, coolest
             | engineering I've seen in a long time, from top to bottom.
             | Even if you're not interested in AR/VR, the writeups and
             | sessions about the dual processor OS layout they've used,
             | the scene and room graphing technology they've built, and
             | the challenges of building ultra low latency pass through
             | scene reconstruction and mapping are incredible.
             | 
             | Vision Pro might honestly be one of the technically coolest
             | things built in the last 10 years, and I really hope they
             | get the price down and fix some of the UX (weight, battery,
             | etc), because it is something I use every day (and in fact,
             | am writing this post on right now). It's for sure a
             | Beta/DevKit/etc, and I wouldn't recommend the casual person
             | to buy one, but again, on engineering chops alone, it is a
             | masterpiece.
        
               | jmb99 wrote:
               | > and I really hope they get the price down
               | 
               | Very much agreed. I get why it's expensive and I'm no
               | stranger to the apple tax (and usually don't mind it all
               | that much), but I got the email today that it's now
               | available in Canada and $5k for a headset is... steep.
        
             | nrr wrote:
             | "Too bad TimApple has no sense of how to do anything other
             | than chase growth ..." I feel like this is more emblematic
             | of the wider industry trend than Apple's own strategy that
             | they chose to impose on us.
             | 
             | The focus shifted very hard over the past 15-20 years from
             | selling people new and novel gadgets and software to
             | turning us ordinary folks into "monthly active users."
             | Personal computing got a lot less personal, and Apple
             | leaned into it to stay relevant.
        
         | faefox wrote:
         | What I'd give for a glimpse of the timeline where Apple bought
         | Be instead of NeXT.
        
           | scelerat wrote:
           | I can't think of a better acqui-hire than NeXT + Steve Jobs
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | You mean when NeXT bought Apple and forced Apple to finance
             | the deal.
             | 
             | A.K.A. that time when Steve Jobs acqui-hired Apple.
        
               | alwillis wrote:
               | Apple looked at it as an acquisition, while NeXT looked
               | at it as a merger.
               | 
               | NeXT didn't buy Apple obviously, but Steve Jobs and his
               | lieutenants took over the most important positions within
               | Apple.
               | 
               | Which made sense given the situation Apple found itself
               | in.
        
             | faefox wrote:
             | For sure, it was pretty clearly the right call at the time
             | and objectively so with the benefit of hindsight. But BeOS
             | was just too good to be allowed (forced, really) to die on
             | the vine the way that it did.
        
               | tiledjinn wrote:
               | No need for hindsight. BeOS is still alive. A Haiku for
               | you.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | Some other company would release the iPhone then!
        
           | Damogran6 wrote:
           | While I LOVE LOVE LOVED BeOS. It resonated with me and it was
           | a great experience...it wasn't multiuser and didn't have some
           | stuff that I forget, but seemed necessary for a system to
           | have long-term success. But mam did it cut out the cruft and
           | wring out ALL of the HP of the hardware of the time.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | Why was multiuser so important? Apple's most successful
             | operating system in the Jobs 2.0 era isn't multiuser
             | either.
             | 
             | BeOS would have been a fine foundation for smartphones and
             | tablets. But of course it's an open question whether Apple
             | could have got that far in the 2000s without the return of
             | Jobs. I suspect the company would have been acquired or
             | merged with some unsuitable suitor like Sun.
        
               | xattt wrote:
               | Multi-user would have likely been bolted on one way or
               | another at some point, as had happened when other OSes
               | gained fundamental new features.
        
               | kbolino wrote:
               | Was any operating system actually able to go from single-
               | user to multi-user so easily? Windows NT and OS X were
               | totally rewritten from the ground up relative to their
               | single-user predecessors Windows 9x and classic Mac OS.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I agree that iOS isn't multi-user in any real, like,
               | multiple user accounts intended to be used by real people
               | sense.
               | 
               | I wonder, though, it is based on MacOS somehow, right?
               | Which is based on BSD. Could there be some left over
               | multi-user plumbing sticking around in a technical sense?
        
               | PlutoIsAPlanet wrote:
               | Yes, iOS still uses users in the technical "Unix" sense,
               | they're just not mapped to actual physical users, but
               | instead to various services.
               | 
               | Android is in a similar boat. They're still an important
               | way to manage filesystem access of programs.
        
               | meibo wrote:
               | Android isn't in a similar boat, AOSP has full isolated
               | Multi-User support that is realized through Unix users.
               | You can create new users through Settings and they have
               | their own home screen, apps and files.
               | 
               | Most vendors have this enabled now and things like work
               | accounts/MDM use the same system.
               | 
               | https://source.android.com/docs/devices/admin/multi-user
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | iOS barely uses that. Processes commonly run as "mobile"
               | or "root", but it does not matter very much. POSIX users
               | and access permissions are archaic, and, in my opinion,
               | don't match with how almost any device is being used
               | nowadays. iOS implements its own concepts through
               | entitlements, containers, vaults, sandboxes etc. (Look up
               | the "Apple Platform Security Guide" for details.)
        
               | Damogran6 wrote:
               | It allows applications to run in different priviledge
               | contexts and allows you inherit privilidges on a network,
               | off the top of my head.
               | 
               | Unless you _want_ your solitare game have the ability to
               | enumerate your contacts and send mail.
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | macOS and iOS use a completely different mechanism to
               | ensure a game doesn't read my contacts or make network
               | requests. It has nothing to do with Unix-style users.
               | 
               | They could have built that on top of BeOS just as well as
               | on NextStep.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Unix permissions will allow you do to that perfectly
               | fine.
        
               | ranger_danger wrote:
               | > Why was multiuser so important?
               | 
               | Because computing devices, and access to them, was not so
               | ubiquitous back then. Families all had to share a single
               | computer. Business users had to share access to large
               | servers. There were no smartphones. Some had to travel to
               | an educational setting just to see or use a computer.
        
           | pzautke wrote:
           | As someone who loved BeOS at the time, past discussion here
           | on HN leads to believe that Apple's adoption of it would have
           | had some real challenges.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22002062
        
           | postmodest wrote:
           | I suspect that without Jobs, Apple is dead by 2002. Turned
           | into an arm of, like, RIM. Then Google comes out with the
           | Android phone and it's all over for everyone including
           | Microsoft.
        
             | nailer wrote:
             | HTC G1 the original Android phone, was basically another
             | sidekick. We'd have this shitty Android and WinMo for a
             | decade longer and eventually things would get good.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | The slate form factor was already being explored by other
               | manufacturers before the iPhone came out.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Prada
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Sure, but unlike the iPhone, that thing was an
               | unbelievable piece of shit.
        
               | pathartl wrote:
               | It's not hard to extrapolate that something would have
               | entered the market. I assume it would only have been a
               | couple of years later.
        
             | hylaride wrote:
             | I suspect if Apple and NeXT never "merged", the phone
             | market would be RIM vs (a very different) Android, but we'd
             | be worse off.
             | 
             | Blackberries were OK at the time, but my god RIM was so
             | culturally conservative and Google at the time had no
             | design sense that we'd probably be 10 years behind where we
             | are now - and if we even had software keyboards they'd be
             | terrible.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Outside US, it would keep being all about J2ME, Symbian,
               | Windows CE/Pocket PC, Bada OS.
               | 
               | Which keep being forgotten, in these kind of discussions.
        
             | aswanson wrote:
             | Hard to argue with that. Still remember a co-intern telling
             | me "Steve Jobs returned to Apple!" and just shrugging.
        
           | pndy wrote:
           | Right innit? It's not just Apple using BeOS but wondering how
           | everything else would be different. You actually need to...
           | _think different_ at this point, aye?
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Assuming Apple would still be successful, and not close shop.
           | 
           | It would have settled C++ as the main systems language on
           | desktop OSes, between Windows, and Mac Be OS.
           | 
           | Objective-C would have died, and Swift would never come to
           | be.
           | 
           | Clang and LLVM probably would never had gotten Apple's
           | sponsorship.
           | 
           | POSIX would have died on the desktop, as Be OS like other non
           | UNIX OSes wasn't that keen in being UNIX like.
           | 
           | There wouldn't be a flock of Linux and BSD developers rushing
           | out to buy Apple hardware, instead of sponsoring OEMs
           | shipping PCs with those distributons.
        
           | snakeyjake wrote:
           | Apple would have died.
           | 
           | I love BeOS.
           | 
           | I love BeOS more than you.
           | 
           | I love BeOS more than Jean-Louis Gassee.
           | 
           | BeOS wasn't ready. I was there I used BeOS as my daily driver
           | on a maxxed-out Power Macintosh 6400. I have, today, that
           | machine still running BeOS. I also have a second dual-PII
           | running BeOS.
           | 
           | BeOS wasn't ready.
           | 
           | Apple was making a decision in 1996 for a deal that had to be
           | struck and struck fast (1997). I started using BeOS in 1997
           | with one of the first Power Macintosh releases.
           | 
           | Those days (my days) it wasn't ready-- you had to pile patch
           | on top of patch on top of community fix on top of some set of
           | drivers some dude in Boise made in order to get things
           | functional. I spent more time browsing BeOS listservs and
           | download sites fixing things (at 56k) than using it.
           | 
           | Everyone is remembering fondly the R4.5/R5 days in late 1999.
           | Three years after the December 1996 announcement of the NeXT
           | acquisition. By then BeOS was... better. It was running on
           | PCs and had a much larger user community. In 1996/7? Just a
           | handful of BeBox owners and Mac users dumb enough (me) to try
           | it.
           | 
           | Management would have been professionally negligent to choose
           | it over NeXTStep.
           | 
           | In 1996, when Apple was up against the wall, NeXTStep was
           | almost ten years old. All they had to do was buy the company,
           | port it to PPC, and change some copyright messages and icons
           | around. Took about two years.
           | 
           | BeOS would have required way more time, money, and expertise.
           | 
           | BeOS had no multi-user, no security (at all), an
           | "aspirational" level of posix compliance, drivers that were a
           | disaster, a network stack specifically designed to frustrate
           | you, and no "companies that actually matter and no Gobe
           | doesn't count" application support.
           | 
           | I get it. It was pretty. It was fast. French electro DJs
           | loved it because it was low latency, and some audio tools
           | were ported to it.
           | 
           | A userbase of French electro DJs doesn't pay the bills.
        
             | temac wrote:
             | The C++ API bound forever to the gcc 2.95 ABI IIRC was also
             | an "interesting" choice. Sure with success they would
             | certainly have engineered a way forward, out of necessity,
             | but if I would have had to give my opinion about that for
             | Apple at the time...
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | The Haiku project folks worked out ABI compatibility for
               | newer GCC releases. Current builds of Haiku support
               | binary backwards compatibility with the 2.95 ABI while
               | also supporting newer GCC ABIs at the same time. So at
               | least we know it is (and would have been) possible.
        
         | GeekyBear wrote:
         | Next's APIs were also ported to run on top of Windows NT and
         | Sun's Solaris.
         | 
         | In addition, the entire NextStep OS ran bare metal on several
         | CPU architectures.
         | 
         | > originally ran only on NeXT's Motorola 68k-based workstations
         | and that was then ported to run on 32-bit Intel x86-based "IBM-
         | compatible" personal computers, PA-RISC-based workstations from
         | Hewlett-Packard, and SPARC-based workstations from Sun
         | Microsystems.
         | 
         | https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenStep
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Yep, I used to run Apple's (maybe it was still NeXT at the
           | time?) Mail app on Windows NT, I can't recall where I got it,
           | maybe it was part of some goodies included with WebObjects?
        
             | dkadams wrote:
             | Yes. WebObjects development was possible on NT due to
             | "YellowBox". It shipped with ProjectBuilder, EOModler,
             | Mail, and other NeXT apps.
             | 
             | You could even do Objective-C monkeypatching shennigans on
             | YellowBox, which I remember being needed at the time to get
             | the scroll wheels on certain mice to work on YellowBox
             | apps.
             | 
             | http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/4B800F78-0F
             | 7...
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | It were those ports to Sun's Solaris, that influenced Java's
           | design and later on Java EE as well.
        
         | smm11 wrote:
         | I still think Solaris/Mac stood a chance; the hardware would
         | have been miles better than anything else.
        
           | vt240 wrote:
           | The best 68k Mac I ever had was MAE in Solaris 9 on my
           | SunBlade 2500. Fully patched up Solaris 9 had all the
           | filesystem and disk i/o improvements, and none of the libc
           | changes that happened in 10 which broke all backwards
           | compatibility.
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | Why was A/UX not in the running, it was already written? Just
         | add some polish.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/A/UX
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | A/UX runs on 68k NuBus machines, not PowerPC PCI ones.
        
             | mixmastamyk wrote:
             | Unix itself does--seems like a short porting effort
             | compared to the other choices. They had emulation available
             | as well.
        
           | lizknope wrote:
           | A/UX was still a licensed version of Unix. This post says the
           | licensing fee was $1,000 per seat.
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/Apple_AUX/comments/11wks6i/what_was.
           | ..
           | 
           | I remember the AT&T / BSD lawsuit in 1992. Maybe Apple looked
           | at NeXTSTEP and since it is based on the Mach microkernel and
           | BSD that they would be able to fix the 10 or so files to
           | avoid the AT&T / Unix System Labs licensing fees like
           | Free/NetBSD did.
           | 
           | In the 1980's Microsoft had their own port of Unix named
           | Xenix. Why didn't they push this instead of the very limited
           | MS-DOS?
           | 
           | https://www.abortretry.fail/p/the-history-of-xenix
           | 
           | > In March of 1982, Western Electric reduced the royalty fees
           | that it charged for UNIX with the introduction of UNIX System
           | III (a combination of UNIX V7 and PWD). This was done by
           | raising the source license cost, but lowering the royalty per
           | user license to $100 (about $318 in 2023) from $250. This
           | meant that Microsoft's prepayment of $200000 in 1980 (around
           | $700k in 2023) for a discount in volume was voided if they
           | wished to use the newer system. That same month, on the 10th,
           | Paul Allen held a seminar in NYC where he outlined plans for
           | MS-DOS 2.0.
        
             | AshamedCaptain wrote:
             | > Why didn't they push this instead of the very limited MS-
             | DOS?
             | 
             | Hardware requirements.
             | 
             | For a (quite long) while the plan was to keep DOS for
             | microcomputers and Xenix for the serious stuff. DOS gained
             | some extensions that made it very Xenix/UNIX-like (like
             | subdirectories, pipes, "-" as command line switch char,
             | device files in "\dev" instead of a global namespace,
             | etc.).
        
               | progmetaldev wrote:
               | I think for the time period, hobbyists can't be written
               | off either. My dad got into Commodore and Atari in the
               | late 70's/early 80's, and sparked my interest in
               | software. Computing already wasn't cheap, but if the home
               | consumer needed to pay for extra licensing fees, I could
               | easily see adoption being far more limited to business. I
               | think a lot of developers, myself included, got their
               | start as hobbyists and never would have caught the "itch"
               | to develop if for not this early exposure at home.
        
         | anyfoo wrote:
         | > License Windows NT from Microsoft and bolt a Mac-like
         | interface onto it.
         | 
         | Gosh, am I glad that that didn't happen. I wonder how serious
         | of an option that really was, it seems wildly out of place
         | compared to the other propositions, which are all reasonable.
        
           | andrewf wrote:
           | Apple bolted Carbon APIs onto NeXTSTEP/Mach, and Microsoft
           | bolted the OS/2 Presentation Manager onto NT
           | (https://virtuallyfun.com/2021/05/19/presentation-manager-
           | for...), so I'm not sure why bolting Carbon onto NT would be
           | unreasonable.
        
             | cnasc wrote:
             | IIRC from reading Showstopper, NT was intended to afford
             | that sort of different frontend swapping. It just happened
             | that Windows became the primary focus in the end.
        
               | stg24 wrote:
               | It might have been necessary to stick with the NT 3.51
               | codebase. I think they broke the clean separation of the
               | GUI from the rest of the OS in 4.0, which was launched
               | that year, for performance reasons.
        
       | the_panopticon wrote:
       | Fascinating work. The ARC std
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARC_(specification) was used to
       | boot the Dec Alpha Windows machines, along w/ MIPS, etc. Anyone
       | know of other open source variants of that in the wild? At intel
       | in 1998 the original efi spec was modeled on & inspired by Arc.
       | The Intel boot initiative (IBI) in fact looked mostly like Arc.
       | EFI (now UEFI) is sort of Arc + installable GUID-based interfaces
       | (aka protocols) a la MS COM
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Model. Page 8 of
       | https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents...
       | recounts some of those travails.
        
         | lizknope wrote:
         | My roommate's Alpha had the SRM firmware which he used to boot
         | NetBSD. ARC would boot NT but SRM could not.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRM_firmware
        
       | runjake wrote:
       | It's been mentioned here before, but Dave Plummer's YouTube
       | interview[1] with Dave Cutler[2] (NT lead architect) is a must-
       | watch with never revealed before history about Windows NT.
       | 
       | 1.
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxmZPMg7vIs&list=PLF2KJ6Gy3c...
       | 
       | 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Cutler
        
       | Connector2542 wrote:
       | how far away is it from being a (even as a joke) daily driver?
        
         | Palomides wrote:
         | considering how there's basically zero software for PPC Windows
         | even if it were running smoothly, very far
        
           | roytam87 wrote:
           | but at least there is VC4 RISC Edition available for PowerPC,
           | you can compile something on it.
        
       | walterburns wrote:
       | If I had a dime for every person that's asked for this.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | You'd have a dime?
        
       | xattt wrote:
       | This is one of those things that I'd have nerdy arguments about
       | with my nerdy friends in middle school.
        
         | technothrasher wrote:
         | Dude, shut up, the Amiga is totally better. Cooperative
         | multitasking is lame. Have you seen HAM mode??
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | No, Amiga sucks, it can't even run UNIX! Do you even know
           | what it is? My dad uses it for work.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Depends on what one considers UNIX.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_Unix
        
             | jamesy0ung wrote:
             | The Amiga 3000 and 2000 can run Amix, a port of Unix System
             | V Release 4.
             | 
             | https://www.amigaunix.com/doku.php/home
        
             | Locutus_ wrote:
             | Hah! We had ixemul.library and the geekgadgets distro back
             | in the day! Full bizare GNU+BSD userland on top of AmigaOS!
        
       | pwenzel wrote:
       | Man, I loved Windows NT back in the day. It was light enough that
       | I could run it on fairly low end late-90s hardware, and it was
       | substantially more stable than Windows 95.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Had Microsoft been serious with POSIX subsystem, and most
         | likely I would never bothered with Linux for our UNIX
         | assignments.
         | 
         | Instead I dual booted between both of them.
        
           | hylaride wrote:
           | It's a shame. NT did support POSIX, but it was in practice
           | designed to make it easier to port UNIX apps. At co-op job I
           | had back in the day (~2000), I had to fight with Veritas'
           | backup software on NT that wrote to tapes. I don't recall
           | what it was (a device mapping to the drive maybe?), but you
           | could see the UNIX foundations of the software.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Ironically they had multiple iterations of it, with POSIX
             | subsystem in NT, MKS Toolkit, Interix, Windows Services for
             | UNIX, for various levels of _" POSIX support"_, dropped
             | everything on Windows Vista, only to create WSL out from
             | Project Astoria ashes.
             | 
             | And before they got golden goose with MS-DOS/IBM deal, they
             | were into the UNIX business with Xenix.
             | 
             | A few reasons why Linux would probably never taken off, had
             | Microsoft stayed closer to their UNIX related projects.
        
               | temac wrote:
               | There was actually "SUA" after "SFU", only removed in
               | Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.
        
           | EvanAnderson wrote:
           | > Had Microsoft been serious with POSIX subsystem, and most
           | likely I would never bothered with Linux for our UNIX
           | assignments.
           | 
           | Arguably they did have a serious POSIX subsystem w/ the
           | Interix (nee OpenNT) acquisition but they didn't do anything
           | with it. I remember building GNU software under Interix and
           | having a blast with it.
           | 
           | I still wish there was a distribution of NT that booted text
           | -mode and had an Interix-based userland. That would be tons
           | of fun.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Nowadays that would be Windows Server Core with WSL, which
             | unfortunely isn't yet supported.
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | Interix was so much more orthogonal to the design of NT--
               | so much more elegant. WSLv1 was more elegant than WSLv2.
               | WSLv2 feels like a minor step up from just running a
               | Linux VM.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Agreed, that is what happens when Linux syscalls are more
               | relevant than regular UNIX.
               | 
               | See the usual complains about macOS not being Linux, from
               | people that probably should be supporting Linux OEMs
               | instead of buying Apple laptops.
        
           | progmetaldev wrote:
           | Absolutely, I had a university instructor that taught us both
           | Windows NT and (I believe) Red Hat Linux in 1998, for running
           | web servers. Linux made much more sense when thinking about a
           | multi-user system running various services. I ended up dual
           | booting Windows and Slackware to learn Linux, while also
           | being able to use the software I was already familiar with on
           | Windows. If Microsoft had gone deeply into POSIX for their
           | consumer systems, I don't believe I would have switched over
           | to Linux except for quality of life improvements that may
           | have come about (which may have never happened).
        
       | UniverseHacker wrote:
       | Can someone explain the context here? Surely NT is closed source
       | and was never developed for macs, what actually is this? And what
       | are the chances you can get software for it? Presumably most NT
       | software was compiled for Intel only and closed source.
        
         | nullindividual wrote:
         | NT4 was developed for PowerPC architectures (and MIPS, Alpha).
         | A large portion of the NT4 source code was leaked [0]. I'm not
         | saying the author used the NT4 source code in any fashion, but
         | I would imagine using such source would make life much easier
         | to accomplish this task.
         | 
         | Or the author clean room reversed engineered the bootloader. Or
         | there is enough information out there to forgo the need for any
         | internal knowledge of Windows code.
         | 
         | The PPC code base was never explicitly targeted for Macs, but
         | other systems from IBM/Motorola; but because it is a 'common'
         | platform, the binaries themselves on the NT4 ISO do not need
         | modification.
         | 
         | And yes, you can find the source code on GitHub. In multiple
         | repos!
         | 
         | [0] https://www.neowin.net/news/exclusive-windows-2000--
         | windows-...
        
           | temac wrote:
           | Nt has a dynamic HAL layer to adapt it to platforms. I'm not
           | sure if it was publicly documented, but in any case yes the
           | source code leak don't harm that kind of port, even if you
           | "just" have to write a HAL.
        
             | sumtechguy wrote:
             | The current PE exe format supports it. As well as a few
             | Alpha, a few ARM formats, a few MIPS format, Itanium and of
             | course x86. The big part would be finding a compiler that
             | spits out the right code. The preceding NE format also did
             | a few variations.
        
           | aeyes wrote:
           | Isn't this just drivers and a HAL? Microsoft built the OS in
           | a way so that such ports would be possible so there should be
           | some API documentation out there. The question is how
           | complete it is because everybody just used the MS provided
           | HAL.
        
           | hylaride wrote:
           | Yeah, I think the only commercial OEM releases of NT that got
           | sold were x86 and Alpha, though there was support for a
           | handful of specific MIPS and PPC machines, I don't think
           | there were any OEM sales of them with it. I do know that only
           | x86 and Alpha had all the service packs released. There were
           | also at one time internal MS builds on Sparc, but that didn't
           | last long. Alpha did have some pre-release builds of windows
           | 2000 that went out, but there was no final release.
           | 
           | A fun fact is that because of where he worked at the time was
           | a DEC shop, the creator of PuTTY originally created it
           | because he got an alpha windows machine and there was no
           | compatible terminal emulator for alpha NT. He supported alpha
           | builds well into the 2000s and IIRC only dropped it as the
           | machine he was using still for builds finally died.
        
         | fredoralive wrote:
         | NT was designed to be portable, so the machine specific parts
         | are cleanly separated, even on the same CPU. So if you port
         | only those parts, the existing binaries for an architecture
         | should work. The three bits are:
         | 
         | 1) ARC boot firmware. NT was developed on non-x86 systems like
         | i860 then MIPS, and ARC is the native boot firmware used (on
         | x86 NTLDR emulated it prior to Vista). Similar to a PC BIOS /
         | UEFI, and a PCI PowerMac would use OpenFirmware. As well as
         | providing an ARC compatible environment that loads over
         | OpenFirmware, this project seems to does some fun so the boot
         | firmware can pretend there's a storage device so that driver
         | "floppies" can be loaded during the initial stages of setup.
         | (ie an F6 disc)
         | 
         | 2) A HAL. The main NTOSKRNL is hardware agnostic, so the idea
         | is that there's one binary for each CPU architecture. But the
         | kernel needs to interface with actual timers, busses etc., so
         | the interface code is in HAL.DLL and the appropriate one is
         | copied by setup. (For example see
         | https://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/hal/history...
         | for a list of x86-32 ones in older versions of windows, with
         | various HALs for NEC PC-98, IBM MCA, various early
         | multiprocessing systems, nowadays there's just one AMD64 one
         | that's mostly in the kernel itself). So the main kernel in
         | unaltered, and halgoss handles the Mac specific stuff.
         | 
         | 3) Device drivers. Once NT is up and running it does need
         | actual drivers.
         | 
         | The specs for 1) are known, so can presumably be emulated, and
         | I guess there's a DDK for 3) (or it can be deduced from another
         | DDK), I guess 2) is probably the one that would need the most
         | insider knowledge, I'm not sure if the leaked NT sources go
         | down to that level as I've never looked at them.
         | 
         | As for compatibility, 32 bit PowerPC Win32 binaries, 16 bit x86
         | Win16 binaries, and whatever x86 DOS stuff will run in an NT4
         | DOS box. No x86 Win32, only Alpha had an emulator for Win32 x86
         | stuff (until ARM stuff).
        
           | mycall wrote:
           | I remember migrating whole Windows installations using image
           | copies, but taking a fresh install's HAL files and copying
           | them onto the images and volla, system transfer completed
           | (device drivers would need reinstalling though).
        
         | amelgares wrote:
         | The Xbox 360 was PowerPC running a variant of the Windows 2000
         | (NT) OS.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_360_technical_specificati...
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | Microsoft killed the PowerPC 615 IBM engineer offers up 615
       | information
       | https://www.theregister.com/1998/10/01/microsoft_killed_the_...
        
       | dmitrygr wrote:
       | Writing a new NT HAL is a very impressive achievement. A tip of
       | my hat to you, sir!
       | 
       | Docs are spotty at best, and I am sure many bugs aren't known as
       | existing HALs simply got lucky to not expose them.
        
       | Lammy wrote:
       | Neat. I am totally going to try this on one of my spare
       | Blue&White G3s.
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | Finally, I can run a domain controller off an old G3.
        
       | nxobject wrote:
       | THat's absurd. That's it, that's the comment. Hack of the Year
       | award, stat!
        
       | unixhero wrote:
       | I love the boot loader file
       | https://github.com/Wack0/maciNTosh/blob/main/boot_files/Syst...
       | 
       | Sidenote: The Open Firmware syntax is so unreadable. No wonder it
       | was scorned. A lost opportunity.
        
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       (page generated 2024-07-12 23:00 UTC)