[HN Gopher] Charm creates a potent therapy candidate for fatal p...
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       Charm creates a potent therapy candidate for fatal prion diseases
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 43 points
       Date   : 2024-07-11 19:21 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.mit.edu)
        
       | el_benhameen wrote:
       | The Wired deep dive on the couple whose lab this came from is
       | worth a read: https://www.wired.com/story/sleep-no-more-crusade-
       | genetic-ki...
        
       | gushogg-blake wrote:
       | Does this affect infectious prion diseases as well, or just the
       | genetic ones? Article makes it sound like everyone has the prion
       | protein gene, so not sure what the different etiologies are. My
       | understanding was that prions were just self-replicating proteins
       | with no biological mechanisms involved, but apparently it's more
       | complex than that.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | It sounds as if this is mostly a case where the initial
         | infection is a matter of time, and the goal is to stop it from
         | occurring:
         | 
         | > CHARMs, however, work further upstream, turning off the gene
         | that codes for the faulty protein so that the protein never
         | gets made in the first place. [...] In a person who hasn't yet
         | developed symptoms, removing the protein should prevent disease
         | altogether.
         | 
         | That said, it may still be relevant as a helpful therapy for
         | someone already infected, if the accidental production of
         | "fresh" prions--happening in parallel in all cells--is a much
         | bigger problem than an existing prion floating around and
         | catalyzing neighbors:
         | 
         | > Testing in mice showed that ZFP-guided CHARMs could eliminate
         | more than 80 percent of the prion protein in the brain, while
         | previous research has shown that as little as 21 percent
         | elimination can improve symptoms.
        
         | thatoneguy wrote:
         | Both the communicable and noncommunicable prion diseases still
         | require a particular protein (and typically protein isoform
         | since some folks are resistant to vCJD) to be present so I
         | think this would work on both forms. That said, someone doesn't
         | normally now they have a prion disease until it's probably too
         | late to do anything about it.
        
         | throwawaymaths wrote:
         | Possibly.
         | 
         | A corrections: a prion (the disease agent) is believed to be a
         | self replicating protein fold, so it needs a source protein
         | ("prion protein", aka PrP, one word) to feed the folding.
         | 
         | Now, although the evidence is pretty solid that the fold is the
         | infectious agent, there's a lot of unanswered questions: we can
         | try to make prions in the lab but iiuc no one has made a fiber
         | of PrP in the lab _without_ seeding from an infectious sample
         | that itself was infectious.
         | 
         | Moreover, a lot of related Alzheimer's research has come under
         | intense scrutiny recently[0], so much so that the viral
         | hypothesis of Alzheimer's is now dominant and no longer the
         | "prion-like hypothesis", so, it's possible that the self-
         | propagating protein fold is not the infectious agent for prion
         | disease either.
         | 
         | If it is, then it's likely that turnjng down PrP in the brain
         | will slow or even reverse the disease. The PrP fibers
         | _probably_ can be degraded, if very slowly, and turning off the
         | spigot of source material for the fold will push the
         | equilibrium in the other direction
         | 
         | [0] see marc tessier levigne (current CEO of AI/biotech form
         | Xaira)'s firing?resigning? from stanford due to fraudulent data
         | in his lab
        
       | oigursh wrote:
       | It's believed the UK will suffer from a batch of hidden vCJD
       | prion disease in the next decade or so. Well needed therapy.
        
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       (page generated 2024-07-11 23:00 UTC)