[HN Gopher] High-altitude cave used by Tibetan Buddhists yields ...
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       High-altitude cave used by Tibetan Buddhists yields a Denisovan
       fossil
        
       Author : namanyayg
       Score  : 136 points
       Date   : 2024-07-04 12:08 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | lunaru wrote:
       | Speciation of archaic humans is an attempt at applying discrete
       | categorization to continuous phenomena. It's like looking at a
       | rainbow and trying to figure out where red ends and orange
       | begins. Also interesting is Homo Longi, which can be argued to be
       | Denisovan, or maybe not, depending on where you want to draw the
       | lines on the raindow: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_longi
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | All speciation is this. It's muddy and not all that useful for
         | the intermediate stages between one species and two.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | I've gotten the impression from several practicing
         | archaeologists that the biggest reason they haven't unified a
         | bunch of the _Homo_ species is that no one can quite agree on
         | how to do it and there's so much inertia in the field. Between
         | ample evidence of interbreeding, the growing evidence that our
         | genetic differences weren't that significant compared to modern
         | variability in the human gene pool, and a reevaluation of
         | morphological differences it's getting harder and harder to
         | justify keeping them separate.
        
           | Amezarak wrote:
           | As a sibling comment mentions, this is true for pretty much
           | all animals. It's a well-known, old problem. Darwin even
           | mentions it in the _Origin of Species_ and says that
           | "species" is really just a term of convenience applied
           | somewhat arbitrarily according to the different tastes of
           | different naturalists.
           | 
           | Now we understand even better that, like GP said, there are
           | no discrete groupings we can label as a species. It's a
           | useful abstraction at a 5000ft level but it breaks down when
           | you zoom in.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | The lines are arbitrary, but it may still be useful to draw
         | them for some applications.
         | 
         | It's a rainbow all the way back to the first tetrapod (and
         | beyond). But clearly we are not fish, so somewhere in that
         | spectrum there is a useful distinction to be made, a line to be
         | drawn. Of course, the closer you get to finding that line, the
         | faster it vanishes. It's equally futile to say that we are
         | indistinct from fish because there is no clear and decisive
         | separator.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Yup, same with drawing lines on a rainbow.
           | 
           | The concept (and definition) of red, orange, etc. is
           | important and useful. A great many things would be impossible
           | without it frankly.
           | [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopy]
           | 
           | Applying it in real life in some situations sometimes has a
           | fractal like quality. Like measuring a shoreline.
        
       | anvil-on-my-toe wrote:
       | That cave location looks like such a prime piece of real-estate
       | for a Paleolithic hunter group.
        
         | suzzer99 wrote:
         | Imagine 3-5,000 generations of Denisovans using that cave. It
         | boggles the mind.
        
       | TheWoolRug wrote:
       | Altitude= not connected to the ground.
       | 
       | Elevation= connected to the ground.
        
         | fooker wrote:
         | High-altitude is a commonly used pair of words to refer to
         | mountain locations.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | I challenge you to find a dictionary that doesn't include
         | "elevation above sea level" in one of the definitions for
         | altitude.
        
         | morbicer wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude_sickness
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Cool, but not in the English I learned.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | Technically, are humans that use the internet a different species
       | than humans that don't, since they don't interbreed?
        
         | polynomial wrote:
         | Underrated comment.
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | The funny thing is Denisovans and Neanderthals actually
         | interbred both amongst each other and with Homo Sapiens making
         | them all the same species: Humans.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Are there still humans that don't use the internet?
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | Don't and can't are two different things.
         | 
         | Furthermore, Great Danes and Chihuahuas are of the same
         | species. And while there may be no direct genetic mixing
         | between the two ends of that spectrum, you can have Chihuahua -
         | Beagle - Labrador - Great Dane mixes (with the '-' being a mix)
         | ... and they're all the same species.
        
       | LarsDu88 wrote:
       | This is really interesting for another reason (which is kind of
       | buried at the end of this article).
       | 
       | A variant of the gene EPAS1, which occurs at low frequencies in
       | east asia, and relatively high frequencies on the Tibetan plateau
       | seems to be identical to the variant found in Denisovans,
       | implying that Homo Sapiens got it by interbreeding with
       | Denisovans, and natural selection on the Tibetan Plateau
       | maintained high frequencies of this gene in Tibetans specifically
       | since it confers some resistance to high altitude hypoxia.
       | 
       | This is a somewhat rare example of both gene introgression across
       | species (or subspecies?) and positive natural selection, and on
       | top of that its happening in humans!
        
         | suzzer99 wrote:
         | The article didn't mention Sherpas. But I assume they have the
         | same gene?
        
           | LarsDu88 wrote:
           | I should note that its only something like 1/3rd of Tibetans
           | who have this variant, and something like 1/200 Han Chinese,
           | Vietnamese, Laotians, etc who have this variant (If you go
           | back tens of thousands of years, basically everyone is
           | related to everyone else, so the allele frequencies here are
           | truly implied to be driven by natural selection rather than
           | just simple descent). I vaguely recall that Nepalese have a
           | fairly high frequency of these variant but I'm not sure how
           | high. Would need to dig up the paper
        
       | brabel wrote:
       | If Denisovan people were present only 30,000 years ago in Asia,
       | wouldn't at least some stories have survived, perhaps in the form
       | of legends passed down the generations? Would be interesting to
       | know if there's any candidates amongst the local population.
        
         | louthy wrote:
         | If there are then Crecganford [1] will have probably covered it
         | and followed the evolution of the story across the world - a
         | real treasure trove of a channel (I advise using closed-
         | captions as he often hurries through words).
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/@Crecganford
        
         | jccooper wrote:
         | That's a very long time for anything to survive. Like, notably,
         | their bones.
         | 
         | But we do have evidence of some traditions from ~12kya, so it's
         | possible some shadows of the idea are left. It can be thought
         | that the folklore tradition of crypto-peoples (the elves,
         | dwarves, green men, etc) may contain some echo of other
         | hominids, though any specific connection or detail is unlikely.
        
         | ffgjgf1 wrote:
         | It's not necessarily obvious that "normal" humans would have
         | recognized them as a different species. Might have just seen
         | them as a different tribe/race with different facial/etc.
         | features
        
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