[HN Gopher] The magic of small engineering teams
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       The magic of small engineering teams
        
       Author : andyjohnson0
       Score  : 84 points
       Date   : 2024-07-04 09:09 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newsletter.posthog.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newsletter.posthog.com)
        
       | psim1 wrote:
       | Counterpoint: Being on a small team in a large organization
       | sucks.
       | 
       | In a large org, small teams have no weight. Actually, we have
       | wait - we have to wait for everything: devops resources,
       | marketing resources, even infosec resources. We are too small to
       | notice, not important enough to get quick attention (never mind
       | that our small team's product is profitable).
        
         | hobs wrote:
         | Also a fundamental property of small teams (which can be good)
         | is you can only commit to so much.
         | 
         | You absolutely know you wont ever build a lasting bridge with a
         | six person team, but you could ford a river. This type of stuff
         | is ok when you are in startup mode but doing this long term at
         | big companies creates a lot of existential risk that could be
         | mitigated by better planning.
         | 
         | This is a tradeoff some people make knowingly (like the posthog
         | post clearly lays out) but as usual this "2 pizza team" is
         | cargo culted way too hard.
         | 
         | In many cases I see the product folks with the same vision
         | regardless of the team sizes or org fit.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Put another way there is only so much you can do with a small
           | team--and a small company. Things change as you grow. You can
           | do more/bigger things but efficiency almost certainly takes a
           | hit.
        
         | tonyarkles wrote:
         | One of the most interesting discussions I've had around this
         | was at a small company who mass-hired a bunch of people from a
         | big company. We went round and round in circles for a while
         | because of issues similar to what you're describing. I ran a
         | small 4-6 person hardware team (softly blurry on the edges) and
         | the new people wanted significant amounts of design and
         | documentation review as well as financial oversight. We needed
         | $40 worth of solder and connectors and had to wait a week for
         | PO approval as well as demonstrate that we had gotten multiple
         | quotes... even though there was just a store down the block
         | that sold exactly what we needed.
         | 
         | Anyway, after a month or two of this I started catching
         | significant flak because my team was nowhere near as productive
         | as it used to be. Complaining about slow POs was met with
         | "maybe you should plan better". Complaining about design
         | reviews for one-off boards that would go from idea-to-problem
         | solved was met with "you're engineers, you need to document
         | your work". It was painful and I came very close to resigning.
         | 
         | What ultimately worked, though, was figuring out a catch phrase
         | that spoke the language of the new people: "accountability
         | without authority". This ruffled some feathers but once I
         | repeated "you are trying to hold me accountable for delivering
         | a $500,000 project on time but are not giving me authority to
         | buy $40 worth of stuff to execute on that" enough times it
         | finally got through and the system started to change. But man
         | did it suck for a while.
        
           | al_borland wrote:
           | This kind of stuff drives me nuts. I just spent 8 months
           | fighting to get $150 for something. This should have just
           | been taken out of some petty cash fund, but instead I wasted
           | a ton of my time, and others, fighting to get it from the
           | proper source. This cost the organization thousands of
           | dollars in lost time.
        
             | goosejuice wrote:
             | I think this is all too common due to a small few who take
             | advantage which leads to the construction of barriers to
             | prevent abuse. This isn't limited to large orgs -- it's
             | everywhere in society.
             | 
             | I suspect accountability without authority might not be as
             | accurate as one might seem when there exists middle
             | management. You might be accountable but your boss probably
             | is more so, thus the reluctance in giving full autonomy.
             | They of course won't be able to take credit in that case
             | either :). Perhaps an overly cynical view I admit.
        
               | vbezhenar wrote:
               | If barriers harm more than abuse then abuse should be
               | accepted.
        
           | habitue wrote:
           | That's a great story of sticking through a really tough
           | situation and figuring out how to make it work. Honestly most
           | of these stories end with "it sucked and then I quit". Which,
           | fair, but not as interesting
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | This is why I only work at small startups.
           | 
           | There are tradeoffs, but I'll never go back to big
           | organizations.
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | Same. I quit Google to go work at a 4 person company. I
             | love that we're just able to get stuff done. Hard to get
             | GPUs? Walk down to Central Computers in SOMA and buy L40S
             | cards and build a workstation for everyone to share.
             | 
             | I'm not very financially motivated. I'm already making more
             | than 90+% of the US. I just can not fathom the level of
             | greed I saw hiding behind people's eyes at Google as they
             | try to build empires. I'm in Silicon Valley to learn about
             | and work with computers. I get to work a chill number of
             | hours while still learning every day. If you could get a
             | lot of employees like that you'd have a huge market
             | advantage.
        
               | getcrunk wrote:
               | How many number of hours is chill? 4? 6? 3?
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | > not important enough to get quick attention
         | 
         | If you are essential to the company, it is on the company to
         | give you the resources you ask for, or they are asses. If you
         | have to waste time fighting for them, to the point where work
         | can't get done, that is their problem.
         | 
         | If you are non-essential to the company, then it is on you to
         | start looking for a place where you will be essential, either
         | internally or externally.
        
         | crtified wrote:
         | This reminds me of a situation which I'll label "satellite
         | office syndrome" - which is where a company has a
         | large/dominant Head Office, and smaller regional offices which
         | are in a permanent state of playing second-fiddle in terms of
         | funding, attention, respect and company culture.
        
       | hdhshdhshdjd wrote:
       | I think the inflection point between "startup" and "bureaucracy"
       | (which is not a bad word, just a term for organizing people) is
       | role specialization.
       | 
       | Early stage everybody wears 10 hats, work is distributed and
       | prioritized on a day to day basis.
       | 
       | Once you have dedicated people or teams for task domains then the
       | whole thing shifts to having a need for bureaucracy.
       | 
       | You can slice the number of pizzas anyway you want, but imho once
       | people have a "this is/isn't my job" mentality (which again, is
       | not a bad thing), you really need to focus on role boundaries and
       | coordination. But the "startup" part is in the rear view.
        
       | shishy wrote:
       | Is this similar to single threaded owner (sto) models? I'm
       | curious how they handle things like career management and
       | promotions but this structure overall seems great
        
       | angarg12 wrote:
       | > Startups ship more per person than big companies - everyone
       | knows this. But how do you retain that advantage as you scale?
       | Our answer is small teams
       | 
       | > Right now we're 47 people
       | 
       | I'm sorry, but you haven't solved scaling small teams.
        
         | TulliusCicero wrote:
         | Yeah, felt like a bit of a rug pull. At that size, you've
         | scaled only slightly; everyone in the company probably still
         | knows each other on some level. But how do you maintain small
         | team effectiveness in a company of hundreds, if not thousands?
        
       | ttyyzz wrote:
       | I have to disagree with the "2 to 6 people" - even for small
       | projects I feel like 4-6 people is great. This way you can ensure
       | that everyone has a "tandem" and e.g. It's not just a frontend
       | developer doing some mischief that someone has to clean up
       | afterwards :D
        
       | habitue wrote:
       | This is interesting, because at 47 people they're in transitional
       | scaling. Like they've had to solve "too many teams for the CTO to
       | manage directly" but not "too many teams to align effectively".
       | 
       | At 15 strong self-directed teams, you can have a few teams
       | focused on the high level directives, and a few entropy repair
       | teams that mostly self-manage.
       | 
       | The way to think about it is maybe like homeostasis. Self-
       | directed product teams will implement new features, fix bugs, and
       | generally keep the thing on track, but the efficiency drops off
       | as the feedback mechanisms of talking to customers reaches
       | equilibrium.
       | 
       | To mix metaphors, a leadership team creates a kind of current
       | flow in that system. When you're small you can go to each of
       | those teams and ensure that current flow is happening.
       | 
       | But at a larger size, that doesn't work. You have to engineer and
       | carefully craft the feedback mechanisms the teams are working off
       | of to induce that current. This is a hard problem, but it's where
       | things like minimum attrition policies, OKRs, etc spring from:
       | leadership trying to have a policy that induces current.
        
       | r0ze-at-hn wrote:
       | The author is writing about the common story of how to grow and
       | scale. Each team gets a product, spinning off teams, etc. What if
       | like most products there is a ramp up period where you need a
       | full team (or teams) and then a few years later the product needs
       | at most a fraction of the people to maintain the product? All of
       | these people are going to "do stuff" because they are paid to do
       | stuff further increasing the maintenance burden. You run head
       | first into the common problem of:
       | 
       | "I have 1000 engineers and I can't get anything done!"
       | 
       | In the worst case the CEO solves this by doing lay offs. Been
       | thinking about this problem for over a decade, making effective
       | engineering organizations that can not only grow, but change
       | shape is difficult, but can also be very rewarding when done
       | successfully.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | I dunno. The obvious answer is that then you make another
         | product. and another, and another.
         | 
         | But very few companies are able to do this for some reason.
        
           | wavemode wrote:
           | Creating products is very easy. Creating products that
           | generate a profit is very hard. If a company could do so on
           | demand, it would be an infinite money glitch.
        
       | whoknowsidont wrote:
       | Corporations are mostly just job programs. Most companies do not
       | actually need anywhere near the number of people they have
       | employed to function.
       | 
       | The reasons why small teams work is because the number of
       | communication channels go down, and you spend less time simply
       | talking about the work and actually doing the work.
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | Or perhaps corporations grow large because they serve diverse
         | needs. Much like users only need 10% of Microsoft Word, yet
         | many cohorts often need a different 10% slice.
         | 
         | Or we lack anti-trust controls, so rent seekers are soaking up
         | markets.
         | 
         | Maybe a combination of all three.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | This is not true. If the people weren't providing some positive
         | ROI then the execs would be drooling over the money saved from
         | cutting them.
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | I don't think so. Unless you get super high up, your pay
           | increases proportionally to people under you. The next
           | problem is that once you start cutting, you actually have to
           | organize and manage. That's way more difficult than saying "
           | I have hired x people". I have been in countless discussions
           | where management offered more people but whenever I told them
           | the real problem is the process or another department not
           | doing their job, I got silence.
        
       | malfist wrote:
       | The whole section on managers rubbed me the wrong way. Team leads
       | aren't managers and thus aren't responsible for onboarding, not
       | communicating up the chain about perfomance, but is Responsible
       | for performance of individuals on the team. And the phrasing
       | about managers mostly care about happiness and team leads don't,
       | makes me think this place might be very toxic to work for. Reeks
       | of "brilliant jerk" acceptance and accountability without
       | authority.
       | 
       | It also feels rich to have a 47 person company tell you they've
       | figured out the secret sauce of people management and team
       | formation.
        
       | drewcoo wrote:
       | > Startups ship more per person than big companies - everyone
       | knows this.
       | 
       | Startups can quickly change alignment to make the company work.
       | They can throw more spaghetti at the wall to see when it's done.
       | 
       | > But how do you retain that advantage as you scale?
       | 
       | Once the company figures out what works, you'll want to put
       | people and processes in place to keep it working. That means
       | bureaucracy. That slows change. Intentionally.
       | 
       | In big commercial kitchens no one throws spaghetti at the wall.
       | That's waste.
        
       | arjunlol wrote:
       | This was particularly bad at Meta pre-efficiency push Zuck. There
       | was huge bloat that was counterproductive. Empire builders were
       | incentivized by promotions based on the size of their orgs.
       | 
       | One thing the article didn't mention is how crucial it is for a
       | team to have focus and to ruthlessly prioritize. It's easier for
       | bigger teams to fall into the trap of doing "busy work" and
       | people fighting for scope on their performance reviews. This is
       | the worst possible outcome for company and employee where you
       | have work driven by optics vs value.
        
         | nextworddev wrote:
         | Empire building has gotten rejuvenated recently at faang due to
         | people politicking to get the fancy AI projects
        
       | goosejuice wrote:
       | _but it has worked best for our company with these rules_
       | 
       | Sharing is good, but as others have pointed out, folks publishing
       | such things could use a bit more intellectual humility. At this
       | point perhaps authors just expect others read it as opinionated
       | anecdotes.
       | 
       | Typical thought leader dogma aside, using pizza as a metaphor for
       | team size has always been silly to meaningless.
        
         | mathgeek wrote:
         | > Typical thought leader dogma aside, using pizza as a metaphor
         | for team size has always been silly to meaningless.
         | 
         | An easy way to see it fall apart is to imagine a team that each
         | eats 3-4 slices of pizza, or a team that only eats one slice
         | each.
        
           | verve_rat wrote:
           | Yup, in NZ a two pizza team would average out to about three
           | people I think.
           | 
           | Are US pizzas giant?
        
       | binary132 wrote:
       | Buried lede: software engineering doesn't scale.
        
       | swader999 wrote:
       | 4-6 is ideal, over 6 people and the communication and
       | coordination overhead starts to cost too much.
        
       | Scubabear68 wrote:
       | A 47 person company with 15 teams sounds like a nightmare to me.
        
       | jWhick wrote:
       | man posthog is one of the shittiest companies there is out there.
        
       | skywhopper wrote:
       | God, I hate the pizza as a unit of team size. It tells me
       | nothing.
        
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