[HN Gopher] Research into homeopathy: data falsification, fabric...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Research into homeopathy: data falsification, fabrication and
       manipulation
        
       Author : zaik
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2024-07-05 19:39 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.skeptic.org.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.skeptic.org.uk)
        
       | pixelpoet wrote:
       | I wish more German doctors would acknowledge what utter quackery
       | homeopathy is. Three separate doctors wanted to prescribe me
       | homeopathy stuff last year, ended up not getting any help at all.
        
         | Joeri wrote:
         | I think doctors do this when they want to give you a placebo.
         | Pharmacies don't carry placebos but they sure do carry a lot of
         | products that don't do anything except make you believe you
         | took some medicine.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | Hence the note that UK GPs would sometimes put on patient's
           | notes: TEETH
           | 
           | Tried Everything Else Try Homeopathy
        
         | sgerenser wrote:
         | In the U.S., _sometimes_ a medicine is marked as "homeopathic"
         | just to avoid regulation, and actually does contain a real
         | active ingredient. This is the case with zinc lozenges (for
         | colds), which contain an actual therapeutic dose of zinc but
         | are presumably marketed as "homeopathic" since the FDA doesn't
         | regulate herbal or homeopathic "treatments." Not sure if
         | anything like that happens in Germany as well though.
        
           | gwd wrote:
           | Is that "homeopathic" or "herbal / dietary supplement"?
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | I like the German doctors who offer acupuncture and
         | aromatherapy and such. It's just as nonsensical, but at least
         | it's probably relaxing.
        
         | quitit wrote:
         | Discussions I have with doctors and pharmacists about this
         | situation are generally unproductive. There is this pervasive
         | resistance to change and deep ties to traditional approaches.
         | 
         | A large chunk of the problem is that many common self-selection
         | and over-the-counter medications are only by a doctor's
         | prescription in German speaking countries.
         | 
         | Low risk medications, which in other countries a consumer can
         | safely select and administer, are only available over-the-
         | counter at pharmacies, other low risk medications require a
         | script - examples of these include basic pain medication(OTC),
         | NSAIDs(RX), PPIs(RX), skin treatments(OTC), anti-fungals(RX),
         | anti-biotic drops(RX). Pharmacies also generally have short
         | hours on Saturday, and are not open on Sundays.
         | 
         | Combining these factors leads to people seeking out a
         | "solution", and those "solutions" are either homeopathic or
         | merely just alcohol, since neither require a health care
         | professional's assistance. There is also no shortage of
         | homeopathic stores that promise therapeutic benefits, such as
         | addressing fertility issues and chronic pain. Regulators
         | regulate medicine, so non-medicines often fly under the radar,
         | even when they're promoting medical therapies.
         | 
         | There's so many ways that this system fails in comparison to
         | modern approaches:
         | 
         | Should a woman not have a sufficient stock of pain killers on a
         | sunday during period cramps, her options would be to either beg
         | a neighbour, or got to the emergency department of a hospital.
         | In other countries, she could simply visit a supermarket or
         | convenience store.
         | 
         | Children with head lice can't receive a treatment without a
         | doctor's prescription, but there's no shortage of proven
         | ineffective products stocking pharmacy shelves, hoping that
         | some desperate parent will buy it just to see if it works.
         | 
         | A person with conjunctivitis needs to first visit a doctor,
         | potentially waiting hours just to get the script, then hope
         | that the pharmacy is still open. (Doctor's offices are
         | frequently bogged down with people visiting for minor ailments
         | because they can't get basic medications without it.)
         | 
         | In the realm of sexual health: While other countries have
         | dispensing sexual health clinics with easy access to treatments
         | and prophylactic medications, those afflicted in Germany and
         | similar are often needlessly waiting, or worse simply spreading
         | disease. With some medications and inoculations only available
         | via a hospital appointment.
         | 
         | Overall it breeds distrust in the medical system and promotes
         | unhealthy, worthless, scammy "alternatives".
        
       | munchler wrote:
       | Homeopathy is total BS, but the placebo effect is real. Is there
       | a way that medical science can allow people to benefit from the
       | latter without rewarding quacks who push the former?
        
         | exe34 wrote:
         | prescribe distilled water.
        
           | munchler wrote:
           | Right, but how to do this while preserving the placebo
           | effect? If the patient knows it's "just" water, the effect is
           | lost. Some sort of deliberate deception seems to be
           | necessary, which raises ethical problems.
        
         | ravi_m wrote:
         | Yeah, homeopathy works due to the placebo effect and further
         | boosted by people that subscribe to the anti-allopathic or
         | Western medicine religion. I think it should be studied similar
         | to how people go to Godmen for healing and report success
         | stories - placebo effect + religious faith / belief.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | I've never understood why this isn't explored more.
         | 
         | It's like, at some point we discovered the placebo effect,
         | which has got to have been a pretty shocking result, right? I
         | just can't fathom that the entire scientific community just
         | went "ah, hm, right, placebo. I see. I guess we need to do our
         | random-controlled-trials with a placebo control group now".
         | Wait, _that's it?_ Nobody went "wtf woa we can cure a % of
         | people with empty pills, how does that work and how can we up
         | the %?"
         | 
         | I just don't get it, it seems to me that the existence of the
         | placebo effect is hard evidence that there's a mind-body
         | connection and we can cure body stuff with mind stuff (and vice
         | versa, probably), so why does nearly all of that remain firmly
         | in alternative woo-woo land?
        
           | vikramkr wrote:
           | Because prescribing a placebo while saying it's a medicine
           | involves lying to the patient, which is controversial when
           | ethical standards usually involve informed consent and a
           | belief in patient autonomy.
           | 
           | > I just can't fathom that the entire scientific community
           | just went "ah, hm, right, placebo. I see. I guess we need to
           | do our random-controlled-trials with a placebo control group
           | now". Wait, that's it?
           | 
           | see that's because they didn't go like that - there's even an
           | section on the ethics of using them in medical practice on
           | the wikipedia article for placebo:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo#In_medical_practice
           | 
           | Plus it's a pretty important topic of discussion when it
           | comes to pain management/opiod crisis. Unsurprisingly, a
           | large group of professionals did not, in fact, randomly
           | decide to ignore a very large and obvious question in the
           | field
        
         | atombender wrote:
         | The placebo effect and the biological basis for it is
         | absolutely being seriously studied.
         | 
         | You might be interested in the work of Ted Kaptchuk and Kathryn
         | Hall [1], for example. (Kaptchuk is a trained acupuncturist
         | with a degree in Chinese medicine, but basically re-educated
         | himself in western medicine, and is a highly regarded
         | scientist.)
         | 
         | One of their insights is that placebo effect comes from neural
         | modulation of pain receptors, and that the placebo effect has
         | specific limitations. For example, the placebo effect cannot
         | cure cancer or make a cold go away, but it can lessen pain and
         | reduce inflammation through hormone signaling.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.harvardmagazine.com/node/39354
        
       | AlexandrB wrote:
       | What I don't get about homeopathy is that there's not even a
       | plausible mechanism for it to work. So research into its
       | effectiveness is like studying how well rocks repel tigers[1]. It
       | seems necessary to show that a homeopathic "medicine" is
       | substantially different than plain old water first.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4GzMizVAl-0&pp=ygUTc2ltcHNvbnM...
        
         | thadt wrote:
         | I dunno, I'd make the bold claim that most rocks will repel
         | almost all tigers when deployed energetically enough.
        
         | lamename wrote:
         | Many people who are into homeopathy have no notion of
         | "mechanism". They don't know to ask such questions, or perhaps
         | they don't care to.
         | 
         | In the worst case scenario, they accept lack of mechanism
         | because "there are things science doesn't know", especially if
         | their personal experience (random charlatan demonstration) is
         | duped into belief.
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | This gets obfuscated by claiming that water has a memory and
         | will "remember" those substances. Which is of course entirely
         | implausible for anyone with sufficient physics or chemistry
         | background.
         | 
         | You're right that no further study is needed for homeopathy, it
         | simply cannot work at these kinds of dilutions.
        
         | financltravsty wrote:
         | The plausible mechanism is placebo which is mediated by the
         | autonomous nervous system. The same mechanism at play with back
         | pain via either chiropractic (placebo) and the majority of
         | spinal surgeries (placebo).
         | 
         | Engineers and logical types take everything too much at face
         | value (e.g. astrology and personality types, as well as health
         | and fitness). The reality is usually that neither camp /really/
         | knows what they're doing, but have plausible (to them)
         | explanations. Though empiricism is much more mentally rigorous
         | than woo-woo/sham.
         | 
         | Generally, if the treatment achieves the patient's desired
         | goals -- I don't think it matters (barring severe ethical
         | concerns like body integrity dysphoria). People not generally
         | educated in a Western background are more likely to be
         | susceptible to placebo or "magic" (this includes the less
         | educated in the anglosphere but also the majority in foreign
         | countries).
         | 
         | Barring life-saving procedures, most elective medicine is --
         | imco -- on a similar, if not slightly higher standing compared
         | to homeopathy et al.
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | Like any cult pseudoscience it relies on the placebo and nocebo
         | effects.
         | 
         | It also does affect people for sure... For things like a very
         | real ear infection... the a-holes will leave kids in agony for
         | weeks before parents see a proper physician for antibiotics.
         | 
         | Note Psychoneuroimmunology is also interesting, but a more
         | legitimate area of scientific study. It takes a deep scientific
         | look into induced immune system disorders, and unlike cult
         | nonsense it has quantifiable scientific studies (usually done
         | with rodents) that can be replicated in your own institutional
         | labs.
         | 
         | Cult Homeopathy is just expensive child neglect in my
         | opinion... offering the worst outcomes for the naive and
         | superstitious.
        
       | secfirstmd wrote:
       | Obligatory Mitchell and Webb: Homoeopathy Accident and Emergency
       | Ward
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/HMGIbOGu8q0
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | > 128th 'German Medical Assembly' recently declared that: "the
       | use of homeopathy ... is not an option that is compatible with
       | rational medicine, the requirement for the best possible
       | treatment and an appropriate understanding of medical
       | responsibility and medical ethics".
       | 
       | I find this interesting because it was a German example a few
       | years ago that demonstrated that homeopathy _could_ be ethical in
       | a specific case.
       | 
       | My mother in law (in Germany) had cancer, and eventually things
       | reached the point where any further chemotherapy was pointless.
       | So she went home. But they stocked her up with homeopathic
       | "therapies" and she was quite diligent in taking them in the
       | morning and thropugh the day. At first I was appalled, but then I
       | realised that they gave her a sense of agency over her care. I
       | think this had important psychological value over the beginning
       | of the terminal phase of her life.
       | 
       | Now I can't believe this works for everyone -- I can't imagine I
       | would waste my remaining time on such nonsense. But I don't think
       | she had a good grasp of science (she always wanted one of her
       | kids, or me, to go with her to the doctor and to explain things
       | to her) and she never had any access to the Internet to look
       | things up, so she was probably the ideal candidate to benefit
       | from this nonsense. Drinking water out of tiny bottles isn't any
       | different from praying at that stage of your life and that's
       | considered acceptable and even unremarkable in certain circles.
       | 
       | PS: The Ukraine war made me think of her cancer -- it was a very
       | unusual one and I have always believed it was due to some
       | Chernobyl fallout.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | If homeopathy "theory" says that the water retains an "imprint"
       | of other chemicals it encountered, clearly the tap water coming
       | into your house is horribly contaminated with the fish pee, ozone
       | (from UV purification treatment) and the pipes themselves.
       | 
       | I briefly considered selling a device that would "reverse" those
       | consequences so the water from your tap would be homeopathically
       | neutralized. But it just seemed unethical to take advantage of
       | the poorly educated. It's bad enough there are people selling
       | crystals, bibles, and magic charms -- selling a scam-device like
       | this is just as unethical.
        
         | charles_f wrote:
         | > clearly the tap water coming into your house is horribly
         | contaminated with the fish pee, ozone (from UV purification
         | treatment) and the pipes themselves.
         | 
         | But then, the next concept is "like cures like". Why do you
         | think people are so immune to fish piss?
        
           | brendoelfrendo wrote:
           | Boy, I bet all those people in Flint, Michigan are glad
           | they're immune to lead now.
        
             | charles_f wrote:
             | If they get sick that's only because of the mercury in
             | those vaccines.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | Is it supposed to be my fault, or the governor's fault that
             | they chose to live in Flint and not Palo Alto or the Upper
             | East Side of Manhattan?
             | 
             | If you make bad choices, take responsibility and bear the
             | consequences. That's the American Way. It ain't my problem,
             | Jack!
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Well, we all know what _else_ fish do in the water and I don
           | 't want my kids being born with gills.
        
         | bryant wrote:
         | You could probably still do it. It'd just have to be a
         | distillation system that's not explicitly branded as a
         | countertop water distiller but still describes its function and
         | effects as such.
         | 
         | You see plenty of examples of this on the market already as-is
         | in different sectors. A part for a Ford GT could cost 500 bucks
         | where the same part for a Ford Fiesta could cost 50.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | Good point but not such a great great exsmple of spurious
           | cost differences. The Ford GT is a top race-spec car putting
           | out 660 horsepower and capable of speeds around 220 mph,
           | while the econocar Fiesta tops out at 112 HP and would be
           | lucky to see 100mph with a tailwind.
           | 
           | Unless the part is something like a window-opener switch, yoi
           | _WANT_ that part to have all the extra engineering, higher
           | spec materials, tighter-tolerance machining, and higher-level
           | finishing that goes into making a high-performance machine
           | actually perform at such high levels.
           | 
           | Moreover, even if the parts weren't fundamentally different
           | despite occupying similar roles in the car, the mere
           | difference in volume of production will dictate a far higher
           | cost for the "same" part in a car made only in quantities of
           | only a few hundred per year vs thousands per month ...
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Just relabel some cheap white-label distillation units by
           | putting them in a pretty metal housing, with "100% natural
           | rubber" hoses (sell a subscription to hose replacements too!)
           | then mark up 600%.
           | 
           | My problem is I am uncomfortable bilking the uneducated.
           | There's enough of that going on already.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | "It's a miracle! Take physics and bin it! Water has _memory_ ,
         | and whilst its _memory_ of a long lost drop of onion juice
         | seems infinite, it somehow forgets all the poo it 's had in
         | it." --Tim Minchin
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtYkyB35zkk
        
         | rc_mob wrote:
         | There are all sorts of homeopathy theories depending on who you
         | talk to and what day of the week it is.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | > But it just seemed unethical to take advantage of the poorly
         | educated
         | 
         | I thought about doing the same during COVID when people were
         | believing ludicrous claims about nanobots in the vaccine.
         | 
         | I was thinking that you could make a nice chunk of coin selling
         | those old acam magnetic bracelets that 'deactivate the nanobots
         | so that you can get the vaccine protection without the bots'
         | 
         | That way people would be helped by your scam product. And
         | another way to look at it is that these people are going to be
         | scammed by someone, it might as well be you, some with morals
         | and not someone who is going to use that scamoney to move onto
         | a bigger and bigger scam until they scam their way into the
         | office of president.
        
           | samus wrote:
           | Other scammers might be even less scrupulous and sell stuff
           | which is actively harmful.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > And another way to look at it is that these people are
           | going to be scammed by someone, it might as well be you, some
           | with morals
           | 
           | Hard to believe that anyone scamming others has acceptable
           | moral scruples. Rather a case of "Yes, they killed a bunch of
           | people but at least they were kind to their pets and kept to
           | a strict vegetarian diet for moral reasons".
           | 
           | But I have to admit I had some pleasurable _Schadenfreude_
           | thinking of this idea.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | It likely wouldn't work. All these treatments are rooted in
         | personality cults, social pressure, and anecdotes.
         | 
         | Unless one of the big names in naturopathy gives your widget
         | the thumbs up, the whackos won't buy it. In order to get them
         | to give your widget the thumbs up, you'd have to give them a
         | take.
         | 
         | Once you get 1-2 big names on board - now all the others have
         | to decide whether to go with the flow (while not getting paid),
         | try to shake you down, or go against the big names.
         | 
         | Reiki is a good example of this bullshit. You can get
         | "certified" to a certain level, but the first question that
         | people want to know is "who trained you", and they essentially
         | follow a flowchart to see if your training came from the "good"
         | reiki practitioners.
        
         | samus wrote:
         | Such devices are indeed already on the market. They are fancy
         | water filters, nothing more, nothing less.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | I should have guessed.
           | 
           | Of course the water picks up the imprint of the filters. _My_
           | device would use magnets! _Moving_ magnets so it doesn 't
           | bias the water.
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | > It's bad enough there are people selling ... bibles
         | 
         | I'd like to suggest that starting a thread based on
         | "${specific_religion} is false" won't go well on HN.
         | 
         | Or was your point more about the _selling_ of them? Sorry if I
         | misunderstood.
        
           | BrandoElFollito wrote:
           | To the point of OP, this is the same kind of belief, just
           | older.
           | 
           | One believes in /something/ when there is no scientific
           | evidence for it - against all odds.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | I have dry eyes, and years ago my optometrist basically ordered
       | me to buy a particular brand of homeopathic eye drops to use
       | every day. All the drops have to do is wash off the surface of my
       | eyes, and we don't want them to do anything but that. His point
       | was that because they're homeopathic, they won't actually do
       | anything, and because they're a _reputable_ homeopathic brand,
       | you can be pretty sure they don 't contain anything that
       | accidentally does something. Homeopathy as a way to ensure you're
       | not getting medicine. Interesting way to look at it, I thought.
        
       | KennyBlanken wrote:
       | Two years after Oncology said they'd take the whole thing Very
       | Seriously and Do A Thorough Investigation, Frass's article is
       | still up on Oncology's website - not a single disclosure, notice,
       | etc when it should have been retracted:
       | 
       | https://theoncologist.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10...
       | 
       | He even got caught modifying the procedures of his study part-way
       | through: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9470608/
       | 
       | What infuriates me is that health insurers in my jurisdiction are
       | _required_ to pay for  "naturopathy." yet if I ask for the non-
       | generic version of a medicine because the generics only have to
       | deliver between 80% and 120% of what the non-generic does,
       | different non-active ingredients, and different delivery / time
       | release mechanisms...I get denied!
        
       | popularrecluse wrote:
       | Packaging on homeopathic products should have at least the same
       | size warnings as tobacco products.
        
       | borbtactics wrote:
       | I still don't understand why these can be sold in American
       | pharmacies.
        
         | spenczar5 wrote:
         | I for one am glad they they sell clean water in pharmacies, and
         | support its continued sale!
        
         | Tagbert wrote:
         | Because they are not labeled as medical products. It is a
         | loophole.
        
         | underseacables wrote:
         | It's considered a dietary supplement, which is governed by the
         | dietary supplement health enforcement act, which in turn
         | classifies dietary supplements as a food product.
        
           | EForEndeavour wrote:
           | Very much false.
           | 
           | 1. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,
           | homeopathic products are _subject to the same requirements
           | related to approval, adulteration and misbranding as other
           | drug products._ https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-
           | class/homeopathic...
           | 
           | 2. Homeopathic products are "classified as either over-the-
           | counter (OTC) or prescription medicines."
           | https://www.chpa.org/about-consumer-healthcare/faqs/faqs-
           | abo...
        
             | vikramkr wrote:
             | from that same link:
             | 
             | > There are no FDA-approved products labeled as
             | homeopathic; this means that any product labeled as
             | homeopathic is being marketed in the U.S. without FDA
             | evaluation for safety or effectiveness.
        
               | EForEndeavour wrote:
               | That's beside the point of the comment I replied to,
               | which falsely said homeopathic products were classified
               | as dietary supplements.
        
         | pizza234 wrote:
         | They're even covered by some insurance plans.
         | 
         | A friend of mine is an orthopedic surgeon, and they explained
         | to me that for mild problems, which would normally heal on
         | their own, it's cheaper to cover a placebo rather than real
         | medication.
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | It's even cheaper to offer nothing. Some humans are just
           | quite something.
        
           | vog wrote:
           | While I hear this argumentation a lot, I still struggle with
           | this:
           | 
           | If you have "mild problems, which would normally heal on
           | their own", buying no medication at all would be even
           | cheaper.
           | 
           | And from an ethical point of view, the idea of financing a
           | whole (homeopathic) industry that uses your money to produce
           | fake science, even with a single cent, should make one
           | shudder, shouldn't it?
        
             | vog wrote:
             | To those who downvoted: Would you dare to explain your
             | disagreement?
        
             | rafaelmn wrote:
             | > If you have "mild problems, which would normally heal on
             | their own", buying no medication at all would be even
             | cheaper.
             | 
             | But placebos actually outperform no intervention.
        
               | vog wrote:
               | Okay, fair point.
               | 
               | But then, why prescribe the most expensive placebos where
               | you co-finance societal harmful behavior, rather than
               | just prescribing the "harmless" placebos that are not
               | homeopathy, which are usually even cheaper and don't have
               | any ideological overhead?
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | I'm not aware of any research along these lines, but I
               | suspect that all placebos are not equally effective.
               | 
               | It's a psychological effect, so things like price or
               | flavor or packaging likely affect its strength.
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | Yea there is research into it, and you're correct
               | 
               | Color matters: placebo colored pills work better than
               | white pills.
               | 
               | Delivery mechanism matters: placebo injections work
               | better than pills.
               | 
               | Idk about price, packaging, or flavor specifically. But
               | delivery mechanism, color, number of pills, etc I
               | remember from a study.
        
             | GuB-42 wrote:
             | There is a lot of over-the-counter and even some
             | prescription medicine that don't do much at all for what
             | people take them for, and homeopathy is cheaper and less
             | harmful for the same placebo effect. Cold medicine in
             | particular is known for its dubious efficiency.
             | 
             | No medication is even cheaper, but the placebo effect
             | works, so if people were to take something, might as well
             | have them take something cheap and harmless. In my opinion,
             | it doesn't justify supporting homeopathy, but health
             | insurances may see it differently.
             | 
             | Placebos are an interesting ethical issue. Doctors are not
             | supposed to deceive you, they are people you trust with
             | your life and very personal issues and they are therefore
             | held to very high standards. But even if it is for your own
             | good, the placebo effect is based on deception, so is it
             | ethical for a doctor to give you a placebo? And is fake
             | science that still help people ethical? The consensus seems
             | to be "no" for both and I tend to agree, but I still think
             | it is worth debating.
        
               | Dwedit wrote:
               | Here we have an article that claims that even when people
               | are told they are getting a placebo, they still felt
               | better after taking it.
               | 
               | https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/placebo-can-work-
               | even-kn...
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | This is basically how TCM came to be!
           | 
           | The Chinese Communist Party had billions being raised out of
           | incredible poverty and that populace started demanding
           | medical care. There was no possible way to supply enough
           | clinics, doctors, nurses, etc - and not just because Mao
           | whipped the Red Guard into an anti-intellectual froth than
           | then slaughtered much of China's academic/scientific
           | community.
           | 
           | So Mao waved his hands and invented TCM, which basically said
           | "oh yeah, most of these traditional Chinese medicines work.
           | We did some research and figured out which ones and how to
           | apply them!"
           | 
           | Hilariously people argue TCM doesn't work not because it's
           | complete bullshit, but because it's a _modified, corrupted_
           | version of actual Chinese medicine...
        
           | everybodyknows wrote:
           | Indulging without argument a patient's harmless fantasies
           | economizes on physician time, and that is surely the most
           | precious resource.
        
         | explaininjs wrote:
         | Because every bottle is clearly labeled "The FDA has not
         | evaluated this for treating any condition". There are a great
         | many products that the FDA hasn't evaluated that are still
         | sold, why should these be any different?
        
           | calvinmorrison wrote:
           | But why are businesses like CVS hawking snake oil while also
           | having trained pharmacists on staff.
        
             | Angostura wrote:
             | It makes money
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | Most pharmacies used to sell tobacco products (they only
             | started to do so after a couple of states started banning
             | the practice.) Walgreens still does (in states where it
             | isn't banned from doing so).
             | 
             | https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/pharmacy/walgreens-
             | tes...
             | 
             | > "The safety of our patients is very important, but we
             | also have to do what our customers are requiring us to do,"
             | Walgreens CEO Stefano Pessina told the WSJ. "We see that
             | when we don't sell tobacco, we have a lot of [negative]
             | reactions."
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | Because a lot of those bottles also make claims that are in
           | violation of the FDA rules. The label is not sufficient.
           | 
           | They need to avoid making claims that they can treat or
           | diagnose some condition. They do their best to hint at it
           | without crossing the line, and frequently blatantly do cross
           | it. The FDA does not have anywhere near the manpower to
           | enforce it. And when they do finally get around to it, the
           | brand vanishes, and a new one appears with exactly the same
           | product lineup.
           | 
           | The sector has long lost any entitlement to benefit of the
           | doubt. They are knowingly making illegal claims and using a
           | disclaimer as a fig leaf even though everything else on the
           | package contradicts it.
        
             | vikramkr wrote:
             | It's not illegal and its not in violation of FDA rules.
             | That disclaimer text is from a specific law that gives them
             | exemption from those rules: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D
             | ietary_Supplement_Health_and_...
             | 
             | It's not a manpower issue, it's not a legal issue. It's not
             | against the law because they wrote the law. There is no
             | line they try to avoid crossing because that line was
             | erased by lobbyists in 1994.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | As I said, it's not the disclaimer. It's all of the other
               | text that contradicts it.
        
           | vikramkr wrote:
           | It's the other way around, the 'FDA has not evaluated' text
           | is indicating that these products are different and part of a
           | special loophole created just for them: https://en.wikipedia.
           | org/wiki/Dietary_Supplement_Health_and_...
           | 
           | The reason that these get to make health claims and stuff
           | without regulation, and get special treatment, is lobbying
           | resulting in that act. Otherwise they would have been
           | regulated.
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | Aren't they normally sold as supplements' not medicines, to
         | circumvent regulations?
        
         | jxy wrote:
         | THE PLACEBO EFFECT:
         | 
         | It works even when you know it's a placebo.
        
           | vog wrote:
           | This is an incorrect summary of the placebo effect. The
           | placebo effect _does_ require the patient to either believe
           | it is effective, or at least not knowing clearly it is
           | ineffective.
           | 
           | This is why clinical studies don't tell neither group
           | (neither the treated group nor the control group) who is in
           | which group, to not spoil the results.
           | 
           | And also, this is why homeopathy puts so much effort into
           | spreading the belief they are effective despite all odds, up
           | to the point of trying to convince people to abandon basic
           | scientific principles.
        
             | vog wrote:
             | Contrast this with advertisement, which actually _does_
             | work even when people know that it is ads, and which still
             | _does_ work on people how know how ads work.
             | 
             | Also, contrast this with psychotherapy, which usually does
             | work even better if the patient understands how it works,
             | because it enables them to become an active and more
             | effective part of the therapy.
        
             | tpoacher wrote:
             | studies don't tell you about being on a placebo because of
             | blinding, not because it would stop the placebo from
             | working.
        
         | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
         | Well, the placebo effect is real so the products do actually
         | work. Weird line, sure, but still.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | They are powerful placebos, so the believers have become
         | permanently duped.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | Placebos work even if users know it's a placebo. I don't for
           | a second believe in any of homeopathy claims, but I still buy
           | and use it, because placebo works. Especially so when price
           | and all other medicine-looking rituals around it are
           | maintained.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | People want to buy them and we live in a free country.
        
           | whamlastxmas wrote:
           | Unless we want to make people accountable for running their
           | own sophisticated clinical studies for every single product
           | we buy, we should probably have some rules in place around
           | false claims and false advertising.
        
         | TheRoque wrote:
         | In France they were funded by the social security up to 15%,
         | but luckily this stopped in 2021. I had some as a kid and my
         | mom is still a strong "believer" in them. I don't see any harm
         | in selling them IF and only if they don't prevent people from
         | taking other "real" treatments. But other than this it's just
         | placebo.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | > and only if they don't prevent people from taking other
           | "real" treatments
           | 
           | This is the dominant harm, yeah. As we know from infosec, few
           | things are more dangerous than a false sense of security, and
           | that's exactly what ineffective drugs provide.
        
             | NewEntryHN wrote:
             | Most of homeopathy usages target little aches and whatnots
             | that require no treatment (beyond patience), so I guess it
             | could also act as a buffer against overmedication.
        
         | vikramkr wrote:
         | lobbying:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_Supplement_Health_and_...
        
         | blendergeek wrote:
         | If the homeopathic remedies don't harm anyone (I know that some
         | have, this comment only references the remedies that don't),
         | what is the problem with them being sold and used?
         | 
         | Many cold medicines have side effects, some are even abused
         | recreationaly. Given that human bodies tend to recover with or
         | without cold medicine (and given the shaky legs that
         | Phenylephrine stands on), what is the issue with people using
         | "fake medicine"?
         | 
         | Homeopathic remedies cannot be abused recreationaly. They
         | aren't precursors to meth. They are better in every way (except
         | the don't work better than a placebo). But, if all a patient
         | needs is a placebo (people recover from the common cold just
         | fine without medicine), homeopathic remedies are perfect.
         | 
         | Remember the hippocrattic oath: First of all, do no harm. Safe,
         | well prepared homeopathic remedies shouldn't do harm. Many cold
         | medicines do.
        
           | dymk wrote:
           | > what is the issue with people using "fake medicine"?
           | 
           | Because people are being tricked into thinking they're taking
           | medicine, preventing them from seeking out medical care.
        
             | blendergeek wrote:
             | The choice is
             | 
             | over the counter cold medicine
             | 
             | vs
             | 
             | homeopathic "remedies".
             | 
             | Neither of these cure diseases. Neither of these prevent
             | the seeking of medical care. Both of them may make people
             | feel better (the placebo effect can be powerful). Only one
             | of these is frequently abused by teenagers as a
             | recreational drug.
        
               | blincoln wrote:
               | There are plenty of people who take homeopathic and other
               | alternative products instead of prescription products
               | because they can't afford the prescription products, and
               | fraudulent advertising makes them think the alternative
               | is more or less equivalent.
               | 
               | I actually had someone at a pet store try to sell me
               | homeopathic medication instead of dewormer because they
               | were out of actual dewormer. Do you think that's harmless
               | to someone who doesn't know the difference between giving
               | their pet real medication vs. magic woo water?
        
               | whamlastxmas wrote:
               | Your appendix is about to burst, the surgeon is busy, but
               | do some yoga near this crystal and it'll clear right up
        
           | evilduck wrote:
           | Why not just prescribe a crystal and some essential oils
           | instead? Maybe have them sacrifice a chicken tomorrow evening
           | at dusk? Actually, if they send me $400 in Bitcoin I will
           | simply cure them with the power of prayer. Nobody is making
           | meth off of my well wishes either.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | I might be downvoted for this, but I tend to have a kind of
         | libertarian take on this. I absolutely do not believe in
         | homeopathy beyond placebo effects, and I understand the harm
         | they do by opportunity costs in pursuing other treatments.
         | 
         | But at the end of the day I feel like all medications should
         | basically be handled like homeopathy products. They should be
         | available to anyone, barring some kind of competency ruling or
         | disagreement by the pharmacy over what they want to sell to
         | whom, and the FDA should basically ensure that they are what
         | they say they are on the label.
         | 
         | I'm glad there's skeptics out there calling BS on homeopathy
         | but where I diverge from them is in somehow preventing it from
         | being available. It's water, it's labeled accurately, so let
         | people do what they're going to do. If they weren't doing this
         | I doubt they'd be doing something more "mainstream" anyway, or
         | complying with it. They might even be doing something even
         | _more_ actively harmful.
         | 
         | I guess I see it as a slippery slope from banning homeopathy to
         | something much murkier where reasonable experts disagree. Real
         | medical science can get very grey really fast and I'm not sure
         | I trust regulatory authority figures to always make the best
         | decisions about what to do. Better to leave it to the consumer
         | and whichever provider they trust most.
         | 
         | Demand product purity, prevent health claims on the label,
         | whatever, but I think my question is "why aren't more
         | medications sold in American pharmacies?"
        
           | vikramkr wrote:
           | its not about banning availability, its about making them
           | required to prove the health claims theyre making. If you
           | didn't have any requirements to prove your drug worked before
           | selling it, youd take away a pretty huge market incentive to
           | make drugs that work (health is about as far from a perfect
           | full information free market as you can get -- homeopathy
           | doesn't work at all and those companies are making plenty of
           | money). These regulations also force research into and
           | labeling of side effects, and skimping on that led to an
           | opiod crisis.
           | 
           | Honestly don't really see the economic or societal argument
           | for deregulating medicine. If you want a system where to get
           | an fda stamp you have to prove it works but can sell whatever
           | otherwise with no consequences until you kill someone or
           | destroy their gallbladders
           | (https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2024/05/fda-determines-
           | that-t...) - well that's what we already have now so given it
           | hasn't changed in decades, even with recent attempts to do so
           | after all the strip mall stem cell clinics and GRAS issues
           | and all, I don't think your opinion is that out of the
           | mainstream.
           | 
           | And in terms of why aren't more sold in pharmacies - no clue
           | what you're talking about there lol. Have you not seen the
           | A-Z supplement whatever aisles full of all this unregulated
           | crap? You can buy whatever you want unless the DEA has an
           | issue with it.
        
         | Apreche wrote:
         | They couldn't. But then a law called the DSHEA was passed that
         | changed all the rules.
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | Homeopathy is BS, but understanding of edible foraging and plant
       | chemistry is surprisingly helpful for better health and diet.
       | 
       | As an example onions and garlic do nothing to cure or address
       | asthma. They do contain an active chemical that vaporized when
       | they are cut which causes uncontrolled tear production. That same
       | chemical agitates the throat in a way that arrests some amount of
       | night coughing induced by asthma.
       | 
       | Another example is that wild lettuce is a drug like opium. Opium
       | is a thistle, as are artichokes, and thistles are closely related
       | to the lactuca genus that comprises lettuce. The drugs in both
       | opium and lettuce are found in the plant latex containing two
       | analgesics and a depressant. Lettuce drug, lactucarium, is not
       | known to be habit forming and is minor though. It is just
       | recommended as a topical treatment for minor skin injuries.
       | 
       | Another is that common fruits like pears, apples, and citrus
       | contain drug like chemicals that alter the metabolism. This is
       | super potent in grapefruit and has been known to cause fatal drug
       | interactions in people on prescribed medicine. These chemicals
       | are again magnified in commercial fruit juice since commercial
       | fruit juice represents a high concentration of juice than found
       | in actual fruit and without any fiber to slow digestion. If you
       | find yourself mixing gold flakes with liquor and orange juice you
       | might be inducing long term metal toxicity to your body even
       | though gold is inert under normal dietary conditions.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | > Another is that common fruits like pears, apples, and citrus
         | contain drug like chemicals that alter the metabolism. This is
         | super potent in grapefruit and has been known to cause fatal
         | drug interactions in people on prescribed medicine.
         | 
         | Grapefruit does not "alter the metabolism." Furanocoumarin
         | binds to a receptor in the gut which causes some medications to
         | pass through the gut much faster than normal which affects the
         | level of the medicine in the blood.
         | 
         | That has nothing to do with "metabolism."
         | 
         | It also only affects _some_ medications.
         | 
         | You might want to refrain from commenting on medicine until you
         | have an actual science-based education in it.
        
           | fabian2k wrote:
           | Grapefruit contains compounds that inhibit Cytochrome P450
           | and this will affect how various drugs will be metabolized.
           | That is a very direct effect on metabolism and will affect a
           | variety of drugs, but certainly not all of them.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | That's not the only mechanism (see other response also).
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit%E2%80%93drug_intera.
           | ..
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | > Grapefruit does not "alter the metabolism."
           | 
           | Wrong. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_P450
        
       | bratwurst3000 wrote:
       | The joke about homeopathy is that the guy that invented it knew
       | that it didn't work. He invented an heal plan that included fresh
       | air and forrest walks and good food and exercise... the obvious
       | today. But his patients wanted also medicine too ... because you
       | know that's how people are apparently... so he invented
       | homeopathy and the nice story to it. But people should primary do
       | the other things. It's funny that only his fake medicine is so
       | successful today.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | I had horrible pollen allergies. My mother took me to a homeopath
       | (in addition to regular doctors) She prescribed some tablets /
       | pills to dissolve under the tunge, that had some pollen in them.
       | 
       | It worked pretty well for allergies but not the best for teeth.
       | Just building up resistance I would think.
       | 
       | I know you can get similar treatment now from regular doctors.
       | 
       | So my one and only interaction was fairly successful.
       | 
       | I have never sought one out for anything else.
        
         | pizza234 wrote:
         | Well, it's interesting - based on your description, the
         | medication you took is not homeopathic:
         | 
         | > Homeopathic preparations are termed remedies and are made
         | using homeopathic dilution. In this process, the selected
         | substance is repeatedly diluted until the final product is
         | chemically indistinguishable from the diluent.
         | 
         | If in a preparation there is a measurable quantity of the
         | active ingredient, then it's not an homeopathic preparation.
        
           | munchler wrote:
           | One of the problems with homeopathy is that many
           | practitioners don't understand what homeopathy actually
           | means. It's essentially synonymous with "naturopathy" for
           | them.
        
           | didgeoridoo wrote:
           | Indeed, that sounds more like a "naturopath" which can be
           | both more effective and more dangerous than homeopathy
           | because their remedies actually contain active ingredients
           | (although in somewhat random and nonstandardized quantities).
        
           | GenerocUsername wrote:
           | That's not the entirety of homeopathy, just the most commonly
           | shat on ridiculous homeopathic practice
        
             | CoastalCoder wrote:
             | > That's not the entirety of homeopathy, just the most
             | commonly shat on ridiculous homeopathic practice
             | 
             | Uugh. It's really hard to productively discuss a topic when
             | people have different definitions for the terms being used.
        
         | nick__m wrote:
         | Are you sure it was not a naturopath? Because the fundamental
         | "principle" behind homeopathy is exponential dilution.
         | 
         | An homeopathic pollen formulation would start with 1 mg of
         | pollen in a litter of water, a milliliter of that solution
         | would be diluted in a liter of water and this process would be
         | repeated a few time. In the final solution, it would be
         | impossible to detect even a trace of the original pollen.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | I know a few people that think the term "homeopath" includes
           | what we're calling "naturopath".
           | 
           | I'm not really sure how this confusion arose, but I don't
           | like it. It muddies the waters (heh) in a few ways.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | > I had horrible pollen allergies. My mother took me to a
         | homeopath (in addition to regular doctors) She prescribed some
         | tablets / pills to dissolve under the tunge, that had some
         | pollen in them.
         | 
         | You don't know that it worked. This is an example of the
         | regression fallacy.[1] This is why we have controlled trials.
         | 
         | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_fallacy
        
       | charles_f wrote:
       | I regularly had arguments on homeopathy with some close family
       | members. I stopped, because belief in homeopathy is the same kind
       | of belief as belief in flat-earth, and you can't be cured off it.
       | 
       | People get seduced by a somewhat internal logic. They get a fuzzy
       | feeling of superiority in their discovery that the mainstream
       | ignores. If you point out the absolute lack of evidence of any of
       | what they believe in, it's because pharma is silencing them. They
       | are excited to be enlightened, because only they can see how
       | crooked big pharma is: they need you to be sick so you can buy
       | their "allopathic medicine" (derogatory calling of drugs that
       | actually work), so they're trying to kill homeopathy who would
       | really save you ; which to be fair is not helped by the fact that
       | _pharmaceutical companies are indeed crooked and want you to be
       | sick_.
       | 
       | I don't think there's any volume that can be said on homeopathy
       | that will convince anyone who already _believes_ in it that it 's
       | all a scam.
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | There's more to it. I am someone who has had medical problems
         | that took years to diagnose. I had doctors who were terrific
         | and I had doctors be almost accusatory when the tests they ran
         | came back negative. When the medical establishment fails you
         | it's tough, and there plenty of snake oil salesmen who are
         | happy to sell you a cure THE MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT DOESN'T WANT
         | YOU TO KNOW ABOUT!!! I can see the allure when there's
         | literally no one else to turn to.
        
         | strongpigeon wrote:
         | I've heard of a strategy that can help some people challenge
         | their belief for issues like homeopathy or flat earth. The idea
         | is to ask them to rate on a scale of 1-10 the strength of their
         | belief. As in, "how convinced are you on a scale of 1-10 that
         | the earth is flat?". If they give anything less than 10, you
         | then follow up by asking them why that score and why not a
         | higher or lower score as in (if they said e.g., 8/10): "What
         | would make it a 9/10 or a 10/10?".
         | 
         | Basically having them "ironman" the opposite side of the
         | argument can cause people to start to think more objectively
         | about the issue. However, if the person says 10/10 there
         | apparently isn't much that can be done.
         | 
         | I've never tried this myself as I don't have any flat earther
         | or homeopathy believers in my entourage, but it does seem to
         | make sense and I've used this to question some of my beliefs
         | myself. Not saying it would work with your family members
         | either though.
        
       | pizza234 wrote:
       | I'm a staunch supporter of homeopathic remedies. I drink more
       | than 2 liters of homeopathic solution per day. /s
        
       | nw05678 wrote:
       | If it worked and had the scientific evidence behind it then would
       | be called medicine.
        
       | golergka wrote:
       | How much of other modern research has the same amount of issues,
       | but doesn't have any motivated critics to uncover it?
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | I've now known two people quite well, who either had cancer or
       | their spouses did. Both of them went all-in for the woo-woo. One
       | went to Mexico for it. Both are dead now.
       | 
       | If you make it illegal in the US, they'll just get it from
       | another country. Because some people are just susceptible to this
       | stuff.
        
       | jhawleypeters wrote:
       | It's comforting to think of medical professionals as competent
       | and trustworthy, but it's simply not universally true. Medical
       | mistakes are the third leading cause of death in the U.S.
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/
       | 
       | Homeopathy is basically mistake proof compared to real medicine,
       | including a doctor visit. For a sufficiently minor ailment,
       | avoiding risk of a potentially lethal mistake is just safer.
        
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