[HN Gopher] Oldest cave art found
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       Oldest cave art found
        
       Author : rntn
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2024-07-03 21:47 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | nuz wrote:
       | Almost rorschach painting levels of ambiguity in that thing
        
         | talldayo wrote:
         | "A pig? Looks like two bears high-fiving to me."
        
         | red_trumpet wrote:
         | I'd say the pig is somewhat recognizable, with four legs and a
         | tail. The humans on the other hand...
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | _> This animal figure is represented as a pictorial outline
         | shown in side (profile) view with an infill pattern consisting
         | of painted strokes or lines. It is therefore consistent in
         | style with the visual convention used to represent pigs and
         | other animals in the dated Late Pleistocene rock art of South
         | Sulawesi, including at Leang Bulu' Sipong 4_ [1]
         | 
         | They base the interpretation off of other cave art in the area
         | that's better preserved [2] and the fact that it's missing
         | facial details of other animals found in the local cave art
         | [3].
         | 
         | There's usually other context in archaeological speak, like
         | buried bones and fossils that limit the possibilities.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07541-7
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/bfnews/uploads/sulawesi_p...
         | 
         | [3] https://cdn.sci.news/images/enlarge6/image_7902_1e-Leang-
         | Bul...
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | I heard that pigs, pre-selective-breeding, were pretty cute
       | 
       | https://www.leidenmedievalistsblog.nl/images/uploads/_fullla...
        
         | winety wrote:
         | Wild piglets are very cute [1], adult wild pigs less so [2].
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20180429-155847_Fris...
         | [2]:
         | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ausgewachsenes_Wilds...
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | We used to have warthogs in Africa.
           | 
           | Def not-cute.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog
        
             | datameta wrote:
             | They have an unbelievably small brain case for a medium-
             | sized quadruped mammal
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | The head of the pig in the cave is such a nice "friendly pink
         | pig" cartoon of a modern breed that I do feel like it would be
         | more appropriate to call it "drawing of a creature that happens
         | to look deceptively like a drawing of a pig" instead of
         | "drawing of a pig". Far more appropriate.
        
       | riazrizvi wrote:
       | > it would show humans at the time had the capacity for abstract
       | thinking
       | 
       | This was 50,000 years ago, they were Homo Sapiens, we are 200,000
       | years old. We can see abstract thinking through the advancement
       | of our early tools and through linguistic studies that trace
       | lineage of abstract language patterns to points in time using
       | archeological knowledge of migration periods. So this confirms it
       | further I guess.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | The "Upper Paleolithic Revolution" hypothesis proposes that
         | around 50,000 years ago, there was some sort of a qualitative
         | jump in human behavioral complexity, based on the fact that
         | around that time we start seeing clear evidence of cultural and
         | symbolic behavior such as rock art and burial rituals, and also
         | of a period of rapid innovation in toolbuilding. Critics of the
         | hypothesis counter that the apparent jump could just as well be
         | merely a selection effect caused by the scarcity of evidence.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_modernity
        
         | AnonHP wrote:
         | > This was 50,000 years ago, they were Homo Sapiens, we are
         | 200,000 years old.
         | 
         | I don't know enough about the migration of human species and
         | subspecies. Was this concluded in the article that they were
         | Home Sapiens and not Neanderthals or Denisovans (or interbred
         | between these and Homo Sapiens)? The latter two were around
         | 50,000 years ago.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | There's quite a bit of evidence that Homo sapiens,
           | denisovans, and floresiensis might have coexisted in
           | Sundaland (the land mass containing much of Indonesia before
           | the oceans rose and created the SEA islands) at the time but
           | the cave art is more consistent with Homo sapiens in the rest
           | of the world than either of the other two. That's the default
           | conclusion until more artwork conclusively belonging to other
           | species is discovered.
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | denisovans, neanderthals, and their hybrids are not out of the
         | picture for that time period and location
        
       | lkrubner wrote:
       | The distance between the known examples of early art also further
       | pushes back the date when humans became capable of art. Unless
       | you believe that people from Indonesia painted this art 51,000
       | years ago and then migrated to Europe, and thus brought art to
       | Europe via migration, then instead you would have to believe that
       | the artists who eventually arose in Europe and Indonesia had a
       | common ancestor who was capable of art. If we have art in
       | Indonesia at 51,000 years ago, and art in Europe about 35,000
       | years ago, and if the last common ancestor of those 2 populations
       | lived 100,000 years ago (hypothetically) then you'd have to
       | believe that humans have been capable of this kind of art for at
       | least 100,000 years.
        
         | addaon wrote:
         | ... or that the ability to create art arose independently in
         | two separated populations. As for example writing did, many
         | millennia later.
        
           | mkoubaa wrote:
           | Writing arose independently. The cognitive ability necessary
           | to invent writing may have existing for much longer
        
             | criley2 wrote:
             | We call that anatomically modern human or early modern
             | human, and we have fossils going back over 300,000 years.
             | 
             | An infant from 300k years ago, if brought to modern times,
             | should grow up and be capable of everything modern humans
             | are.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | _Behaviourally_ modern is thought to be a bit more
               | recent, isn 't it... partly because of evidence like art!
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | Yes exactly. Though I would expect that they may be more
               | neurotypical on average than modern humans
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | Wait, why couldn't the Indonesians migrate to Europe in a span
         | of 20,000 years.
        
           | mseepgood wrote:
           | Google Maps says it takes about 5 months on foot from Borneo
           | to Lascaux. So it could have been the same person who left at
           | New Year's and was back home by Christmas.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Plus you'd need a boat. Borneo is about a hundred miles
             | from the mainland.
        
               | bleuarff wrote:
               | Not sure that was the case 50ky ago. That was during a
               | glacial period, sea level was probably 100+m below
               | current level.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | It's not impossible, but the mainstream theories such as 'Out
           | of Africa' and most anthropological evidence suggests that
           | the flow was from Africa to Indonesia and Africa to Europe,
           | and not "back from Indonesia". But see
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indonesia and
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesia#History and
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/08/science/polynesian-
           | ancest... as well as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiregio
           | nal_origin_of_modern...
           | 
           | Europe is mostly believed to have been settled via Africa,
           | the Middle East, and Western Asia.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe
           | 
           | (I am absolutely amazed by all the various humanity and
           | technology origins. It's almost as if there is a direct path
           | from the first person who used teeth and fingernails to pry a
           | rock and fiber to make a spear to kill an animal and use its
           | bones to make high quality tools for knapping stone, all the
           | way to the lathe, which was the tool that bootstrapped the
           | industrial revolution).
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | Based on a number of lines of evidence, I would suspect nearly
         | everything related to early art (including abstraction) was
         | done in africa first and radiated from there (from the Out of
         | Africa hypothesis, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recent_Afr
         | ican_origin_of_moder...)
         | 
         | The history of anthropology is full of pushing events back as
         | we improve our methods.
        
       | aprilthird2021 wrote:
       | The way they keep pushing things back such neat round numbers
       | makes it feel like when tech evangelists say "Oh yeah we'll have
       | everyone in self driving cars / BTC at $1M / safe AGI in 5 years
       | / 10 years / 20 years / etc."
       | 
       | I know there's science behind the dating of these artifacts, but
       | it just feels that way to me.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | The tidy round numbers come from the uncertainty of the
         | datation method. It makes no sense to say, e.g. that they are
         | 32049 years old when the dates are accurate to, say, 2000
         | years. The fact that uncertainty is usually not properly
         | reported is a tragedy in the scientific literature, and
         | unfortunate in vulgarisation.
        
         | pikseladam wrote:
         | radiocarbon is mostly just guess and most of the headlines are
         | just there for clicks. radiocarbon dating is shows a range like
         | 2000 to 50000 years. headlines takes 50K. radiocarbon date is
         | also acknowledged to be the age of the material, not the date
         | of the manufacture of an item. if item is a rock, mostly they
         | don't know when the art is manufactured.
         | 
         | probably they asked how old is the art and somebody said "it
         | could bew oldest ever found" hence the headline.
        
       | smokel wrote:
       | There appears to be some more information here, also on the
       | dating method used (which apparently is laser ablation U-series
       | analysis):
       | 
       | https://news.griffith.edu.au/2024/07/04/cave-painting-in-ind...
       | 
       | I'm not entirely convinced about the human-like figures, though.
       | Does anyone have more background knowledge on how one can jump to
       | that conclusion?
       | 
       | Edit: found the publication in Nature. The picture circulating in
       | the media is a tracing of the actual painting, which is nearly
       | impossible to see on the actual rock. Enjoy!
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07541-7
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | _> I 'm not entirely convinced about the human-like figures,
         | though. Does anyone have more background knowledge on how one
         | can jump to that conclusion?_
         | 
         | I think they're basing it off another painting in South
         | Sulawesi where the human forms are a little clearer [1]. It
         | might be some kind of "protostyle" where they draw the animal
         | much bigger than the humans hunting them.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/branded_news/2473/product...
        
           | smokel wrote:
           | Thanks for sharing. Note that that example is from the same
           | research group, and also had its contrast artificially
           | enhanced.
           | 
           | I find it a bit odd that the humans are so small and lack
           | details, whereas the boar even has fur, two distinguishable
           | toes, and seems to bend its legs correctly.
           | 
           | Then again, I have yet to publish something in Nature, so I'm
           | probably a bit too skeptical for this game :)
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | You're not wrong to be skeptical. These papers are written
             | for other archaeologists who have a lot more perspective on
             | both the uncertainty inherent in the field and the games
             | academics play thanks to publish or perish. They don't need
             | the caveats repeated every paper like the rest of us.
             | 
             | The people might have been added later by a less skilled
             | artist or even just a child doodling, they could have been
             | drawn with more detail in another other material that
             | didn't survive but sketched with the longer lasting stuff
             | underneath, or they could be artifacts of the process they
             | use to increase contrast, etc. There's a bunch of
             | possibilities but authors will usually gravitate towards
             | the interesting conclusion.
             | 
             | That said, animals drawn with higher detail than people is
             | almost a trope in archaeology. They probably held a
             | spiritual significance and the hunters would have spent a
             | lot of time studying them.
        
       | permo-w wrote:
       | I'd like to see generative AI try to reconstruct the full image
        
         | mock-possum wrote:
         | Give it to that lady who 'restored' the painting of Jesus,
         | let's see what she comes up with.
        
           | petersonv wrote:
           | hahahahahaha she would do a better job than generative AI
        
         | brink wrote:
         | That's not how AI works. It would distort it to match the
         | examples it's been trained on.
        
       | dash2 wrote:
       | "The discovery pushes back the time that modern humans first
       | showed the capacity for creative thought."
       | 
       | Hmm. The very simplest model you could have of this would be the
       | German Tank Problem [1]. If discoveries of X (e.g. art, hunting
       | tools, whatever) are made at random, i.e. evidence of X is not
       | more likely to be destroyed as time passes, then you are sampling
       | times from a distribution with a maximum of the first invention
       | of X, and the best estimator for this is (m-1)(k-1)/(k-2) where m
       | is the oldest discovery and k is the number of discoveries.
       | 
       | In particular, a new record for oldest art will almost always
       | push your estimate up (as long as k is large so (k-1)/(k-2) is
       | about 1). But you should _also_ be taking into account all the
       | discoveries of art which _aren 't_ records. This matters
       | especially when k is not yet big. This page only lists 30-40
       | pieces of paleolithic art [2].
       | 
       | A better model would take into account that older stuff is less
       | likely to be discovered because e.g. rocks erode. I wonder if
       | anyone has done this.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_tank_problem [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art
        
         | eafer wrote:
         | That's for uniform distributions. We don't know the
         | distribution here, that's part of the problem, but I would
         | expect early cave art to be more sparse and worse preserved.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | It's commonly observed in anthropology that we keep pushing
         | back the dates for all sorts of technologies as the methods
         | improve and more cave sources are found.
         | 
         | See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetlight_effect
        
       | pyinstallwoes wrote:
       | "These hand paintings in Sumpang Bita cave in South Sulawesi were
       | once thought to be among the oldest paintings in the world at
       | 39,000 years"
       | 
       | Why are these cave paintings with hands all over the world? It is
       | kind of ominous to think of the reasons and conditions why they
       | are found everywhere.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | My understanding is that hand paintings like this fall out
         | fairly naturally- after collecting and grinding the iron oxide
         | for paint (there's a great but now unavailable Google+ post by
         | Yonatan Zunger that explains why barns are red for the same
         | reason: supernovas), you want to use some sort of mask or
         | template, and a hand is pretty much the most available thing
         | for early societies.
        
           | wayeq wrote:
           | ah Google+, speaking of archeology..
        
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