[HN Gopher] A mathematical thought experiment for accepting the ...
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       A mathematical thought experiment for accepting the continuum
       hypothesis
        
       Author : FillMaths
       Score  : 41 points
       Date   : 2024-07-03 15:25 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jdh.hamkins.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jdh.hamkins.org)
        
       | FillMaths wrote:
       | The pdf file is available at: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.02463
        
         | drpossum wrote:
         | I argue this should have been the link posted rather than to
         | some blog that says very little other than to host the link
        
           | Maxatar wrote:
           | To be fair the blog is from the author of the paper.
        
       | Maxatar wrote:
       | I went into this hoping for a mathematical thought experiment,
       | but rather this is merely a historical thought experiment in the
       | sense of "Wouldn't it be nice of mathematicians accepted CH early
       | on?". It seems the big selling point of accepting CH is that
       | mathematicians would be less hesitant to use nonstandard
       | analysis.
       | 
       | For an actual thought experiment that rejects the continuum
       | hypothesis, I rather enjoy the explanation found at:
       | 
       | https://risingentropy.com/the-continuum-hypothesis-is-false/
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | That sort of argument makes me a nervous. One of my favorite
         | mathematical quotes is a sort of related one about the Axiom of
         | Choice, referenced and explained at
         | https://math.stackexchange.com/a/787648: "The Axiom of Choice
         | is obviously true, the well-ordering principle obviously false,
         | and who can tell about Zorn's lemma?" That sounds like the
         | "obviously false" branch of a similar debate about the
         | continuum hypothesis.
        
           | ithinkso wrote:
           | I found that the sooner you ditch 'human intuition' in
           | learning maths/physiscs the better you will be at it
        
             | staunton wrote:
             | I've generally found the opposite. Polemically, a true
             | mathematician can write theorems where every single proof
             | is riddled with errors (actual errors, not just "typos")
             | but all results, building upon each other, are still true;
             | a true physicist can tell you what the result of a
             | calculation will be even if they are unable to actually do
             | the calculation.
             | 
             | Maybe you would call that "a mathematician's/physicist's
             | intuition", rather than "human"?
        
               | BalinKing wrote:
               | Related, Terry Tao's blogpost on the development of
               | mathematical intuition:
               | https://terrytao.wordpress.com/career-advice/theres-more-
               | to-...
        
         | yantrams wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing this blog. Tons of interesting stuff.
        
         | codeflo wrote:
         | I don't think this is a slam dunk. For this argument to work,
         | the dart probability must be 100% for any function. This is
         | supposed to be clear "intuitively", and then, by constructing a
         | counterexample using the CH, it's concluded that the CH is
         | false.
         | 
         | But the space of functions from R to countable subsets of R is
         | so vast (and so far removed from the physical world) that I
         | don't think it's possible to have any "intuition" of what's
         | possible in that space. And indeed, we see that there's a
         | construction of a function f that doesn't conform to the
         | "intuition". If there's an "intuitive" line of reasoning and a
         | formal one, and they disagree, shouldn't we just conclude that
         | our intuition is flawed?
        
           | staunton wrote:
           | > shouldn't we just conclude that our intuition is flawed?
           | 
           | Alternatively, we might conclude that our intuition is right
           | and instead our definition of real numbers isn't exactly what
           | we want for some cases/questions.
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | Mostly I just find these arguments to be evidence that 'measure
         | theory is not very interesting', that is, it's concerned with
         | proving things about mathematical objects that you won't find
         | in reality and therefore I don't care about.
         | 
         | I wonder sometimes if there is a concrete version of the
         | statement: 'there is an infinite number of interesting
         | theorems', which would suggest that perhaps doing 'all the
         | math' is not a good idea and we should only do the math which
         | we find important.
         | 
         | (of course, others would disagree that measure theory is
         | unimportant, anyway. Shrug.)
        
           | monadINtop wrote:
           | You need measure theory for probability, economics, QFT and
           | Physics, etc. And who is doing "all the math"? The vast
           | majority of resarchers who "do math" are largely in PDEs and
           | other fields that simply use the technology of math for
           | "things that you find in reality" like engineering problems
           | or machine learning and so forth. And most mathmaticians
           | would agree that it is some of the most uninteresting and
           | ugly kind of math.
           | 
           | Whereas the relative minority of people who study really
           | abstract things like say k-theory or large cardinals in set
           | theory are largely doing it out of interest in it's intrinsic
           | beauty. And this is especially true for idk, some esoteric
           | subfield of tropical geometry or modal logic or something,
           | who's relevance to "things you find in reality" are
           | completely orthogonal as to the motivations of those people
           | who chose to spend their lives uncovering the truths within
           | them.
           | 
           | Math research isn't about blindly marching from proof to
           | proof by mechanical deduction with no conception of the
           | larger picture like a uniform bubble spreading outwards, it
           | is done by small communities of scholars who hack away at a
           | specific nexus of interesting problems and structures for
           | their own sake.
           | 
           | Sometimes, like with spin bundles or lie algebras or non-
           | abelian geometry, yeah you can apply it to "real" problems,
           | but that's not how the theory was developed, and as a
           | theoretical physicist I will tell you that you will find no
           | greater blindness to the underlying structure or ugliness in
           | the use of the technology than those people that exclusively
           | wield the technology against "real" problems, instead of
           | appreciating it for its own sake.
        
             | ajkjk wrote:
             | Well it is the theory that underpins those at the moment,
             | but that doesn't say much about the counterfactual where it
             | isn't.
             | 
             | But I think I can say with confidence that none of those
             | fields care about the fact that hitting a rational number
             | out of the reals has probability 0. If they do something's
             | wrong.
             | 
             | Edit: oh wow your reply got a lot longer after I responded
        
         | vitus wrote:
         | I am not remotely convinced by this argument.
         | 
         | The first flaw I see is that the author is imprecise by
         | commingling probabilities (0%, 100%) with absolutes (possible,
         | impossible, none, never, etc).
         | 
         | > After all, probability-zero events do happen. Not a problem!
         | Just pick two new real numbers! And if this fails, pick again!
         | 
         | Probability-zero events happen all the time. The probability of
         | getting any specific value selected uniformly at random from
         | the unit interval (say, 0.232829) is zero.
         | 
         | Probability-zero events should not be conflated with properties
         | that exist nowhere.
         | 
         | > We can now state that for any such mapping, none of the three
         | reals is in the countable set assigned to the others. And this
         | entails that we can prove that |(o)| > |o2|! In other words, we
         | can prove that there are at least TWO cardinalities in between
         | the reals and the naturals!
         | 
         | That's... not how cardinalities work. Just because you have two
         | sets with different elements does not mean they have different
         | cardinalities. For instance, consider the set of integers {...,
         | -1, 0, 1, 2, ...} vs the set of half-integers {..., -1/2, 1/2,
         | 3/2, 5/2, ...}. These clearly have different elements, but you
         | can easily construct a bijection between the two (just add 1/2
         | to each element in your set of half-integers), so you can
         | demonstrate that they have the same cardinality.
         | 
         | > We define f(x) to be {y | y <= x}
         | 
         | Um, no. This demonstrates the existence of one such mapping. It
         | does not demonstrate that the set of such mappings covers any
         | substantial portion of the entire space of possible mappings.
        
       | drewcoo wrote:
       | HN title is misleading.
        
         | FillMaths wrote:
         | Sorry, I tried my best. I wanted to mention the thought
         | experiment part, since that is the most interesting bit. (But
         | I'm not sure why it was misleading?)
        
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