[HN Gopher] Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)
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       Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)
        
       Author : davedx
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2024-07-03 09:26 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (groups.csail.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (groups.csail.mit.edu)
        
       | hmarkgen wrote:
       | What is striking about written documents from that era is the
       | lucid and yet far more sophisticated writing style compared to
       | contemporary publications.
       | 
       | Would Licklider be happy with the AI slop that we see today?
       | Would he be able to use LLMs in a productive manner?
       | 
       | People in that era could be optimistic because they did not
       | suffer from information overload. The best symbiotic relationship
       | is still man-book or man-pencil-and-paper.
        
         | davedx wrote:
         | I suspect he would think ChatGPT voice is pretty close to what
         | he envisioned for man-machine symbiosis
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | They could be optimistic because they didn't get suckered by
         | what tech has become. It is the same kind of optimism that can
         | be found in Engelbart's preamble to the mother of all demos.
         | 
         | The idea that one could treat a program delivered by google,
         | facebook or amazon as something to cooperate with rather than
         | use warily is much harder now than it was then.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Major fields of study like chaos (sensitive dependence on
         | initial conditions within an apparently deterministic system),
         | protein structure solving from X-ray diffraction patterns and
         | many others would be impossible without computational
         | assistance from machines.
         | 
         | As far as style and tone, you can certainly get LLMs to mimic
         | Licklider's style with suitable prompting, e.g.
         | 
         | > "In replicating the reflective and anticipatory tone of the
         | original text, it becomes evident that the concept of man-
         | computer symbiosis was not merely speculative but a forecast
         | grounded in the trajectory of technological and computational
         | advancements. This partnership, as envisioned, holds the
         | promise of amplifying human potential through the strategic
         | leverage of computational power, thereby redefining the
         | boundaries of what can be achieved through the confluence of
         | human and machine capabilities. The profound foresight in
         | recognizing and articulating such a partnership underscores a
         | remarkable understanding of the complementary strengths of man
         | and machine, heralding a new era in the evolution of
         | technological augmentation."
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | Alan Kay chats / blogs / whatever-it-is-people-do-there a lot
         | on Quora and the question "What would be the place of AI in
         | Doug Engelbart's vision of 'Augmenting Human Intellect'? How
         | can we reconsider things within current AI 'developments'?"
         | recently came up.
         | 
         | https://www.quora.com/What-would-be-the-place-of-AI-in-Doug-...
        
         | tolerance wrote:
         | Would he even be happy with the man-made slop and productively
         | collaborate with other people today?
         | 
         | > The best symbiotic relationship is still man-book or man-
         | pencil-and-paper.
         | 
         | And foremost, man-man.
        
       | boguscoder wrote:
       | There's a book "The Dream Machine"* that is kinda biographical
       | for this paper
       | 
       | * https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/722412
        
         | davedx wrote:
         | Yes I read the book first 6-7 years ago! One of the best books
         | I've read, up there with Skunk Works.
        
           | boguscoder wrote:
           | Huge props for Skunk Works! I found Dream Machine
           | considerably harder to read (non native speaker here) but
           | content is golden anyway
        
             | liendolucas wrote:
             | Author of Skunk Works? Is it related to Lockheed Martin
             | Skunk Works division?
        
               | tesseract wrote:
               | Ben Rich, and yes: he was the 2nd director of the
               | Lockheed Skunk Works.
               | 
               | I think the book may have been out of print for a while
               | but it's easily available now.
        
               | liendolucas wrote:
               | Thanks, for some reason I got downvoted... Just for
               | asking an author. HN is indeed surprising.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | The Stripe Press edition of the book is a beautiful product,
         | but the font is small. I bought the book but had a hard time
         | reading it so I got a digital copy for my ereader where I could
         | select a larger font.
        
         | uolmir wrote:
         | It is one of my favorites. I actually came to it via "where
         | wizards stay up late", which I would also recommend although it
         | doesn't have the depth and insight of dream machine.
        
           | metroholografix wrote:
           | Wizards for me falls flat (kinda like "soul of a new machine"
           | that's often recommended but which I found a complete waste
           | of time) while the Dream Machine, Dealers of Lightning [1]
           | and Norbert Wiener's biography [2] are all essential reading.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.amazon.com/Dealers-Lightning-Xerox-PARC-
           | Computer...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.amazon.com/Dark-Hero-Information-Age-
           | Cybernetics...
        
             | boguscoder wrote:
             | Id also add The Idea Factory* unless you have even better
             | recommendations for Bell Labs era
             | 
             | * https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11797471-the-idea-
             | factor...
        
             | tedunangst wrote:
             | Showstopper, about windows NT, is a good replacement for
             | Soul.
        
         | jjice wrote:
         | This is a _dense_ book (in the best way). So much incredible
         | history that's not as well presented anywhere else I've found.
         | Sitting at 500+ pages and the font is pretty damn small, this
         | is one hell of an informative book. We really stand on the
         | shoulders of giants.
        
           | krtkush wrote:
           | Took me about 6 months to finish it. But it was such a fun
           | read! I would put it in the leagues of Making of the Atomic
           | Bomb and Emperors of Maladies.
        
             | ManuelKiessling wrote:
             | And Rocket Men.
        
           | pjmorris wrote:
           | 'The Dream Machine' languished in my 'To read' pile until I
           | started the audiobook while on a road trip earlier this year.
           | I was drawn in and read it through, switching between audio
           | and ebook. I knew parts of the puzzle but it was amazing to
           | see how they all fit together. An amazing book about a series
           | of amazing accomplishments that let us share these ideas so
           | widely and quickly.
        
         | cxr wrote:
         | Here's the first of a three-part interview with Waldrop, the
         | author of The Dream Machine[1] and semi-official Licklider
         | biographer of sorts:
         | 
         | <https://luminary.fm/episode/mitch-waldrop-on-the-dream-
         | machi...>
         | 
         | 1. Not to be confused with Ted Nelson's titled work Dream
         | Machines, one half of the pair Computer Lib/Dream Machines that
         | described Project Xanadu and articulated a vision about
         | computer user freedom that predates Stallman and the free
         | software movement, complete with manifesto.
        
       | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
       | That is a pretty grounded, timeless write-up for 1960.
       | 5.4 The Language Problem              The basic dissimilarity
       | between human languages and computer languages may be the most
       | serious obstacle to true symbiosis.
       | 
       | LLMs unlock the much sought after capacity to query data in
       | natural language, that is why "AI" is such a hype, besides not
       | being intelligent (in terms of reasoning) at all.
        
         | soloist11 wrote:
         | The computer works with binary sequences. LLMs do not change
         | this fact.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | They don't really have to. Even in Star Trek where you can
           | tell the holodeck to do whatever in LLM fashion, there's also
           | a lower level language that can be used for more fine
           | control. It's always good to have levels of abstraction when
           | you need them, this just adds the very top one that was
           | always missing.
        
             | soloist11 wrote:
             | The fact is that they do and it doesn't matter how many
             | abstractions we put on top of the underlying physical
             | reality of digital computation, it will always be digital
             | unless someone figures out how to make analog computation
             | as scalable as digital computation.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Impressively, the author predicts the rise of declarative
       | programming:
       | 
       | > "The idea may be highlighted by comparing instructions
       | ordinarily addressed to intelligent human beings with
       | instructions ordinarily used with computers. The latter specify
       | precisely the individual steps to take and the sequence in which
       | to take them. The former present or imply something about
       | incentive or motivation, and they supply a criterion by which the
       | human executor of the instructions will know when he has
       | accomplished his task. In short: instructions directed to
       | computers specify courses; instructions-directed to human beings
       | specify goals. ... It is clear that, working within the loose
       | constraints of predetermined strategies, computers will in due
       | course be able to devise and simplify their own procedures for
       | achieving stated goals."
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related. Others?
       | 
       |  _Licklider 1960_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38800451
       | - Dec 2023 (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32856009 - Sept 2022 (8
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26887654 - April 2021 (8
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis by J. C. R. LICKLIDER (1960) [pdf]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20642783 - Aug 2019 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18950590 - Jan 2019 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14302515 - May 2017 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11673917 - May 2016 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis [J.C.R. Licklider] (1960)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11534637 - April 2016 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8418654 - Oct 2014 (6
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Internet Antichrist [J.C.R. Licklider 's Man-Computer
       | Symbiosis]_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=920121 - Nov
       | 2009 (1 comment - article by David Byrne of all people)
       | 
       | Also related:
       | 
       |  _Who Is This "Licklider" Guy? (2008)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20442278 - July 2019 (11
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _J.C.R. Licklider on the History of Personal Workstations (1986)
       | [video]_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11049205 - Feb
       | 2016 (28 comments)
       | 
       |  _The Computer as a Communication Device (1968) [pdf]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9014413 - Feb 2015 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _How DEC scientists imagined the Internet in 1968 -- a year
       | before the Internet_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5754287 - May 2013 (1
       | comment)
        
         | olooney wrote:
         | Some related works from my notes on the extended mind thesis:
         | 
         | The Extended Mind Thesis, Andy Clark and David Chalmers (1998)
         | - https://www.alice.id.tue.nl/references/clark-
         | chalmers-1998.p...
         | 
         | Man-Computer Symbiosis, J. C. R. Licklider, (1960) -
         | https://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/people/psz/Licklider.html
         | 
         | As We May Think, Vannevar Bush (1945) -
         | https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-m...
         | 
         | Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework, by Douglas
         | Engelbart (1962) -
         | https://www.dougengelbart.org/pubs/augment-3906.html
         | 
         | Characteristica universalis, Leibniz (c. 1679) -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristica_universalis
         | 
         | Edit: Also, if you're interested in Licklider in particular,
         | The Dream Machine is essential reading.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Dream-Machine-M-Mitchell-Waldrop/dp/1...
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | I assume that the reason this is relevant now is because of the
       | the announcement of FinalSparks NeuroPlatform, that gives SaaS
       | access to brain organoids?
       | 
       | Very cool but also very creepy. Has a clear potential to become
       | the most evil thing humanity has ever done.
       | 
       | Checking now, it has been posted to HN a few times in the last
       | weeks but without discussion really taking off.
       | 
       | https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/worlds-first...
        
       | kaycebasques wrote:
       | > The fig tree is pollinated only by the insect Blastophaga
       | grossorun. The larva of the insect lives in the ovary of the fig
       | tree, and there it gets its food. The tree and the insect are
       | thus heavily interdependent: the tree cannot reproduce without
       | the insect; the insect cannot eat without the tree; together,
       | they constitute not only a viable but a productive and thriving
       | partnership. This cooperative "living together in intimate
       | association, or even close union, of two dissimilar organisms" is
       | called symbiosis [27].
       | 
       | I believe the meaning of symbiosis has evolved since 1960.
       | Symbiosis is now an umbrella term that only implies a close
       | association between two organisms. It doesn't necessarily imply
       | mutual benefit anymore. A mutually beneficial association is
       | called mutualism. An association where one benefits at the
       | expense of the other is parasitism. Commensalism is when one
       | benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. There is
       | also amensalism, where one is harmed and the other is neither
       | harmed nor benefited. Symbiosis is the superset of parasitism,
       | commensalism, amensalism, and mutualism.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis
       | 
       | It's amusing to me when people use "symbiosis" in the old sense
       | and then I start pondering whether the thing they're describing
       | is actually {mutual,amensal,parasit,commensal}ism
        
         | binary132 wrote:
         | FWIW, I've never heard of any meaning of symbiosis other than
         | mutually beneficial. I'm not able to cite this but I believe
         | the prefix sym- may imply this.
        
           | kaycebasques wrote:
           | Look at the first paragraph of the Wikipedia page on the
           | topic
           | 
           | > Symbiosis (from Greek sumbiosis, symbiosis, "living with,
           | companionship, camaraderie", from sun, syn, "together", and
           | biosis, biosis, "living")[2] is any type of a close and long-
           | term biological interaction between two biological organisms
           | of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic,
           | commensalistic, or parasitic.[3] In 1879, Heinrich Anton de
           | Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms".
           | The term is sometimes used in the more restricted sense of a
           | mutually beneficial interaction in which both symbionts
           | contribute to each other's support.[3]
           | 
           | It acknowledges the popular use of the term while implying
           | that the technical meaning is broader
           | 
           | > I've never heard of any meaning of symbiosis other than
           | mutually beneficial
           | 
           | This is exactly why it's so funny to me. Some snake oil
           | salesman says "we have a symbiotic relationship with XYZ" and
           | in my head I'm thinking "yes, a parasitic symbiotic
           | relationship..."
        
             | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
             | i've never heard of a parasitic relationship being
             | described as symbiotic...
        
               | kaycebasques wrote:
               | > "When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said in rather a
               | scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean --
               | neither more nor less."
               | 
               | > "The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make
               | words mean so many different things."
               | 
               | > "The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be
               | master - that's all."
        
               | prewett wrote:
               | It's all fun and games by Lewis Carroll, but given the
               | amount of doublespeak in American cities these days
               | (especially by the Left but also by the Right), I think
               | we need to insist that words have a meaning and you can't
               | twist them to mean the opposite.
        
               | kaycebasques wrote:
               | I am literally sourcing my definition from the first
               | paragraph of the Wikipedia article on symbiosis
               | 
               | I totally get it. People usually mean "mutually
               | beneficial" when they talk about symbiosis. But the
               | deeper we go into this Hacker News thread, the more
               | amusing it gets to me that multiple commenters are really
               | struggling to acknowledge the broader meaning of the
               | term. And what's even funnier is that the broader meaning
               | probably originates from biologists and ecologists;
               | people who are very invested in precise language in this
               | space.
        
         | carlosneves wrote:
         | I actually prefer to think in terms of the broader sense of
         | symbiosis (including all the types of symbiosis you mentioned).
         | 
         | Sure we want the way we relate to technology to be mutualistic,
         | but in reality we observe many instances of the other kinds of
         | relationships.
        
       | ash-ishh wrote:
       | https://karpathy.ai/blog/licklider1960.html
        
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