[HN Gopher] Tour de France: How professional cycling teams eat a...
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       Tour de France: How professional cycling teams eat and cook on the
       road
        
       Author : skruger
       Score  : 149 points
       Date   : 2024-07-02 21:01 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.co.uk)
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | > Not so long ago, the professional cycling world's approach to
       | fuelling was remarkably basic. [...]
       | 
       | > These days, it is an entirely different prospect, with vast
       | sums spent on custom-built food trucks, personalised nutrition
       | apps and meticulously planned meal regimes all in the name of
       | performance enhancement.
       | 
       | > For the nutritionists and chefs tasked with providing
       | sustenance to power their team's riders over 2,170 miles in the
       | coming weeks there are principally two dilemmas [...]
       | 
       | > The answers are gleaned from a year-round process that begins
       | in December during pre- season training.
       | 
       | You know that it has become the Sport Of The 0.0001% when...
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Sometimes I wonder should we go to basics in many sports.
         | 
         | With things like banning any equipment including clothing and
         | shoes... Or with cycling giving one standard mass manufactured
         | piece. And then a pile of standard replacement parts and
         | standard tools. All bought from cheapest supplier randomly
         | distributed to participants.
        
           | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
           | How 'spartan'...
           | 
           | That aside, regarding cycling, standard mass manufactured
           | piece? In one size that all have to fit to?
           | 
           | Naa...
        
           | sdfgtr wrote:
           | Lookup Japan's Keirin racing. I think it's pretty much that.
           | IIRC at the top levels they also require the racers to stay
           | onsite under observation for several days before a race.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | That would essentially kill cycling as a professional sport.
           | Much of the team revenue comes from equipment sponsors. And
           | while many of the equipment innovations get a bit ridiculous,
           | some of them have really benefitted amateur cyclists. I would
           | hate to still be stuck with a 10-speed drivetrain on a steel
           | tube frame with mechanical friction shifters just because
           | that was "standard".
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | It's the same problem in golf. Equipment has gotten so
             | powerful that the strategy of the game has fundamentally
             | changed. They can not realistically continue to make
             | courses longer. So they're "rolling back" the ball which
             | will limit drive distances a bit but nothing regarding
             | clubs.
             | 
             | And the reason why is the pro game makes a lot of money on
             | endorsements. If a top pro is forced to use a club that is
             | different from what amateurs need then the gravy train
             | could stop.
             | 
             | But yes, golf is really hard and for amateurs the
             | innovations help make the game more enjoyable. But for pros
             | it's just too much.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | You saw this with cyclecross bikes for a long time. I had a
             | beautiful cyclecross bike that I rode everywhere and I
             | loved that bike but the cable-pull brakes sucked - like
             | rear-end a car in traffic bad. Nobody made a cyclecross
             | bike with disc brakes until the UCI allowed them in
             | competition; now they all have disc brakes. Same for the
             | extensive use of carbon. Love it or hate it, carbon has
             | fueled intense innovation that you can see on display in
             | higher-end consumer bikes and, while I don't have it or
             | want it, electronic shifting is crisp and perfect. I don't
             | like yet another electronic device but for a weekend rider
             | to never need to tune a mechanical derailleur again is a
             | game changer - you know they already have their phone with
             | them 24/7 (especially you, roadies)
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | I'd be perfectly happy on a steel tube 10-speed from 1975
             | if I was allowed a modern click shifter and modern disk
             | brakes. Steel frame bikes are really nice, and 10 gears is
             | more than you need anyway. Steel frame bikes from 1975
             | won't win you a modern race, but they won't be far behind.
        
               | cantSpellSober wrote:
               | Yes Steel is Real but the last Tour winner on a steel
               | bike was in the '90s (and that's the subject). Bikes
               | weigh no more than 8kg. The weight weenies are winning,
               | carbon everything down to brake rotors.
               | 
               | > _I was allowed a modern click shifter and modern disk
               | brakes_
               | 
               | Doubt you'd see a bike equipped with anything else at the
               | Tour.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | At the top level - which is pretty much the definition of
               | a tour winner - grams make the difference between a win
               | and loss, so of course they will not be riding steel.
               | 
               | I'm not at top level and never will be. If I want to go
               | faster there are many things I can do that are more
               | effective than playing what my bike is made out of.
        
               | scheme271 wrote:
               | Somewhat. UCI has a minumum weight (6.8kg) for bikes and
               | often teams have to add weights to their bikes to hit the
               | minimum limit. You easily get lighter bikes but your bike
               | needs to be 6.8kg to be race legal. It certainly limits
               | how many bits and bobs on the bike get switched over to
               | using titanium or carbon fiber.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I'm not that deep into racing, but I'll guess that teams
               | still want to be way under that weight so they can
               | strategically place weight where they want it.
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | Some bikes are over the minimum weight, by a wide margin,
               | and rode by the race leaders too.
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | You can make a steel frame bike which will be lighter
               | than the UCI weight limit with modern technology. It's
               | just nobody cares to make one because the "unracer" crowd
               | who believe steel frames are magic, won't be spending a
               | couple grand on a light steel frameset and the actual
               | racers are fine with the carbon frames, where it's much
               | easier to control properties of different parts of the
               | frame through fiber layout.
        
           | cangeroo wrote:
           | It's impossible to take technology out of the equation. I.e.
           | that one person may have superior insights in their
           | physiology/glucose levels, or a superior diet before the
           | race. And so on.
           | 
           | Similarly in football, by studying your opponents in previous
           | matches, so that you can identify weaknesses during the
           | match, even if playing in isolation.
        
           | jamil7 wrote:
           | I get what you're saying but a part of the culture in my
           | experience is tinkering and upgrading your bike, that doesn't
           | have to necessitate spending huge amounts of money,
           | especially if you do a lot of work yourself and buy parts
           | second hand. The sport might appeal less with all that
           | stripped away, but who knows maybe it would also be
           | interesting to standardize some aspects.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Why not then allow motorcycles? They are just bikes
             | upgraded with motors... Would make competition lot shorter
             | too and interesting. Seeing them driving around without
             | speed limits.
        
               | jamil7 wrote:
               | I'm guessing because they don't meet the criteria to
               | participate, what's your point?
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | That adding a motor would be upgrade and tinkering of a
               | bike. So why should it not be allowed? Isn't it entirely
               | in same spirit?
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | Not sure if you honestly believe this or just trying to
               | be "edgy" but because a motorcycle is not a bicycle.
        
               | jamil7 wrote:
               | Do you want me to enumerate the ways in which a bike is
               | not a motorbike and the parameters in which people who
               | are interested in bikes operate in their hobby or
               | profession? Or are you asking why professional racing
               | puts guidelines around what types of bikes can
               | participate?
        
               | 1992spacemovie wrote:
               | You're being disingenuous and down right annoying. By
               | your logic why not just use a F-18 and win the race in 10
               | minutes? Stop being asinine.
        
             | gjadi wrote:
             | This sounds similar to windsurfing, tinkering with your
             | board, sail size, fin size, etc. is a big part of the
             | sport.
             | 
             | Yet, at the Olympics, the gear is the same for everyone.
             | 
             | Btw, I can't remember where, but I heard that, in the old
             | editions of the Tour de France not all gears were allowed,
             | shifters for example weren't allowed even though they were
             | available to amateurs.
        
           | Lwerewolf wrote:
           | Sounds like the typical case of people not looking at the
           | core work required in order for the very expensive individual
           | items like tailored nutrition, top-end (and even customized)
           | parts, per-race-specific optimized chains and what not to
           | make any sense whatsoever.
           | 
           | If your times are, say, 20% or more above the absolute top
           | times for a given course, you've got a long way to go by
           | improving yourself - on just about any bike whatsoever. The
           | super expensive parts make low single digit differences.
        
           | wnc3141 wrote:
           | It would require a different business model. Cycling is like
           | F1 in that sponsors are trying to sell their equipment.
        
           | tpm wrote:
           | All the cycling equipment in races has to be available in
           | mass market and usually can be bought, if you've got the
           | money. It's not cheap but also it's not a F1 car. It's more
           | like.. why would you buy it when you are not a racer.
        
         | NoPicklez wrote:
         | It's not a sport of the 0.0001% when anybody can go buy a bike
         | and ride.
         | 
         | At the top level of any sport and in the top race or
         | competition of that sport, it is going to represent the
         | pinnacle of that sport.
        
           | n4r9 wrote:
           | I guess the point is that in cycling - relative to other
           | sports - money gives you an easy edge. You can afford much
           | better equipment, nutrition, coaching etc... . Compare that
           | to (say) football in the UK: you just need a PS5 ball and a
           | few friends, and if you show promise you can track into your
           | local team's programme and get top quality coaching at
           | minimal cost.
           | 
           | It depends on the culture as well. From what I read about
           | China, they're constantly scouting primary schools for
           | Olympic talent, so you can come from any background and reach
           | the top in a sport that would be limited to wealthier people
           | in other countries.
        
             | Arainach wrote:
             | At levels lower than the very top, it's easier and cheaper
             | to lose 10 pounds of your own body than 10 pounds of bike.
             | You can go far - even into racing at low levels - on rather
             | cheap equipment.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | I'm not sure how that's any different than football
             | (soccer) or football (American) or anything else.
             | 
             | You need talent as a kid. You need money to fund travel and
             | equipment (either from mom & dad, or the local
             | academy/development squad, or donors). You need to find a
             | coach who can get the most out of your genetics AND find a
             | path for you to go pro. And on and on.
        
             | jamil7 wrote:
             | What makes the largest difference is how physically fit and
             | how well you can ride (technique) rather than equipment.
        
             | secondcoming wrote:
             | I've never seen so many young people on bikes in the UK as
             | I do now. Sure, the bikes are likely stolen and the kids up
             | to no good, but at least one of them has TdF potential
        
               | shermantanktop wrote:
               | The kids may be doping, too.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | If you do well on a cheap bike in a local race someone will
             | notice and start asking if you belong on a major team with
             | money. The teams with money want to win, they cannot afford
             | to keep out a poor person who otherwise is good.
        
             | SonicScrub wrote:
             | At the top level of any sport, the expense comes from the
             | coaching, exercise science, travel and other support over
             | the course of years. That's true whether the game is
             | cycling, or football. A $20,000 bike is peanuts in
             | comparison to this cost. Unless you are at the top 0.001
             | percent of cyclists, better/more training has a much bigger
             | impact than gear. $1,000 gets you a competitive road bike
             | that you can win your local races with. Even cheaper if you
             | buy used.
             | 
             | > From what I read about China, they're constantly scouting
             | primary schools for Olympic talent, so you can come from
             | any background and reach the top in a sport that would be
             | limited to wealthier people in other countries.
             | 
             | This is what wealthy countries do as well. Most wealthy
             | nations have programs to identify and develop top-level
             | athletes. An obvious example being the very lucrative
             | scholarships offered at American universities.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | Money can help in any sport, but talent and physical
             | attributes trumps all. At least with cycling, people can
             | cycle almost anywhere. Sports like golf are hard to break
             | into if someone doesn't have money because rounds and
             | practice almost always have ongoing costs.
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | Peter Sagan started career winning on Tesco bike that he
             | took from his sister.
             | 
             | But I think most accessible sport is running. You just need
             | some shoes. Open the door and you are good to go (run). For
             | games like football you also need the ball, playground and
             | other people.
        
               | awad wrote:
               | There's even a subset of runners that would argue you
               | don't even need shoes!
        
               | shallichange wrote:
               | Not if everybody plays, in every school recess, every
               | park, rec center, etc. That's how football is in most
               | countries. "Pay to play" is a very US thing.
        
             | NoPicklez wrote:
             | The performance difference between cheaper bikes and top
             | end bikes won't make the difference in being a successful
             | cyclist.
             | 
             | Anyone can pick up a bike and start training and racing in
             | competitions and be talent scouted in the same way that you
             | would in football, it's what happens here in Australia.
             | 
             | Yes a football is cheaper than a bike, but it's not 0.0001%
             | type stuff like Formula 1. Where you legitimately need to
             | pay millions just to get a look in.
             | 
             | Theres plenty of people on $8,000 bikes I pass on my 8 year
             | old bike worth $2,000.
        
               | n4r9 wrote:
               | Is $2000 really "cheap" though? I personally would need
               | to use a cycle to work scheme, and I consider myself
               | pretty well off. I know people on lower incomes who would
               | find that very off-putting as a barrier to entry. I think
               | you'd need to go to the $150 or less range to be
               | appealing to people in that situation.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | $2000 is not bad looking at what it costs to play hockey.
               | A lot of sports are less expensive though.
               | 
               | Otoh, around me, $100 gets you a circa 1980 road bike off
               | craigslist. That'll do fine. I'm seeing a much more
               | recent road bike for $500, if you don't like old stuff
               | because it's old. Plenty of more expensive stuff too. I
               | like the early 1980s bikes because road bikes were in
               | fashion and there were a lot of makes competing and
               | quality (of surviving bikes) is pretty good. Later,
               | mountain bikes started trending, there was consolidation
               | and I don't feel that those bikes are as good on the road
               | as a general rule.
        
               | lormayna wrote:
               | In my team there is an ex professional cyclist from 80s.
               | Sometimes he come in the Sunday group rides with one of
               | his 80s bikes and he is able to overpass everybody.
               | 
               | At the other side, I tried climbing the same hill at same
               | power with my 2017 bike and with my 2023 bike. There was
               | a 4% of difference in the time, probably because better
               | wheels and improved position.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | From a quick skim here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_o
           | f_teams_and_cyclists_in_... - all but one team are from well-
           | to-do Western countries, or rich Gulf States. Cyclists seem
           | similarly all-but-a-few white.
           | 
           | Anyone can learn a bunch of gymnastic moves, too. But last I
           | heard, "Olympic Gymnast" implies a >1k hour/year training
           | regimen, starting at an extremely young age.
        
             | tpm wrote:
             | Primoz Roglic was a ski jumper before he was one of the
             | best cyclists. There are several others like him.
             | 
             | Most of the cyclists are white, yes, for me this is an
             | issue (and I am white), but what I like is that there are
             | now many from Colombia (because of the mountains there? And
             | probably also some cycling culture), a few days ago a
             | cyclist from Eritrea won a TdF stage.. it's slowly getting
             | more diverse.
        
         | wasmitnetzen wrote:
         | A UCI WorldTeam has a budget of about 10 to 60 million euros.
         | That's peanuts in a lot of other sports.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | Maybe mainstream sports, but not when you spread it across
           | the number of fans and account for their intensity. The Tour
           | de France is likely the only cycling event most people can
           | name. It's an awful lot of money for a very niche sport.
        
             | jeroen wrote:
             | The TdF is apparently the 2nd most watched sporting event
             | in the world, with 3.5 billion viewers. That's not very
             | niche.
             | 
             | -- https://www.roadtrips.com/blog/the-most-watched-
             | sporting-eve...
        
               | borroka wrote:
               | The number, which by the common person is to be
               | interpreted as unique viewers, is blatantly absurd.
        
             | jdietrich wrote:
             | It's a niche sport in the US, but it's huge in lots of
             | European countries. Conversely, most Europeans would
             | struggle to name a single baseball or American football
             | team, but they're far from niche sports in their domestic
             | market.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | If that budget is for an 8-man team, in a sport with a 3
           | 1/2-week season...
           | 
           | An (American) NFL team has 53 "active" players (plus a
           | practice squad, plus ...), and plays a 5-month season. And
           | has a lot of "maintain a major stadium"-type expenses, which
           | (my guess) cycling teams don't have.
           | 
           | Based on your figures, and trying to scale... _no_ , the
           | cycling team budgets really _aren 't_ peanuts by comparison.
           | 
           | NFL Data:
           | https://shareholder.broadridge.com/pdf/2022-packers-
           | annual-r...
        
             | matsemann wrote:
             | It's clear you don't know much about cycling. A pro team
             | often consists of ~30 riders, and then 8~12 of them are
             | selected for various races during the year. And similarly,
             | that's the main team and they have development teams on the
             | second level, junior teams, women teams etc
             | 
             | The season is longer than tour de france, that's just the
             | most prestigious tour. There are other tours and other
             | races. It's about 8 months long.
             | 
             | And I don't really think how long the season is has any
             | relevance. You still train and need your apparatus whole
             | year round.
             | 
             | The stadium stuff also doesn't really work in the favor of
             | nfl. A pro team makes no money on tickets or concessions,
             | and has to travel the world with their gear instead of a
             | few states away.
        
               | wnc3141 wrote:
               | The tour I think of like the World Series or Champions
               | League tournament. Only one, highly visible, piece of a
               | long calender (roughly Februrary to October)
        
             | roelschroeven wrote:
             | > An (American) NFL team has 53 "active" players (plus a
             | practice squad, plus ...), and plays a 5-month season. And
             | has a lot of "maintain a major stadium"-type expenses,
             | which (my guess) cycling teams don't have.
             | 
             | Cycling teams have all kinds of expenses too. True, they
             | don't have to maintain a major stadium. But hey do have
             | cars to assist the riders with food, drinks, spare tires,
             | spare bikes if needed (sometimes multiple types of bike for
             | some of the riders); team busses with showers, more food,
             | meeting room (I think they also have washing machines in
             | them, to provide the riders with clean clothing every day
             | in a stage race); a service course for all the equipment,
             | and to adjust and fix the bikes. Plus personnel to equip
             | all those, plus personnel along the road with more food and
             | drinks, and in some races also with spare wheels. Pro teams
             | often participate in multiple races at the same time, so
             | they need all that equipment times two or three. These days
             | many teams haul mattresses along on stage races, to
             | guarantee good sleep for the riders. All of that stuff, and
             | the people involved, need to be transported to each race on
             | time, sometimes to the other end of the world.
             | 
             | I don't know how that compares with say an NFL team, but I
             | do know my head starts to hurt when I think about how to
             | organize all of that (and more; I most likely forgot some
             | stuff) throughout the year.
        
             | freejazz wrote:
             | >If that budget is for an 8-man team, in a sport with a 3
             | 1/2-week season...
             | 
             | The tour de france is 3 1/2 weeks, the cycling season is
             | much longer.
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | Even you think it is peanuts in comparison when expecting
             | it to be for one particular race.
        
             | mvdtnz wrote:
             | > a 3 1/2-week season
             | 
             | This year's UCI World Tour season runs from January 16 to
             | October 20. Where are you getting "3 1/2 week season" from?
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | 25,000 people took part in last month's Ride London. It was
         | awesome
        
           | lormayna wrote:
           | Maratona de Dolomites, probably the most beautiful amateur
           | cycling events in the world, has more than 50k subscribers
           | and they selected only 9k.
        
       | toyg wrote:
       | Hundreds of thousands of dollars spent on this stuff, and then
       | someone finds the right, undetectable doping mix, and bye bye.
        
         | sdfgtr wrote:
         | Tbf, millions is spent on that part. This seems to be a drop in
         | the bucket.
        
       | Jean-Papoulos wrote:
       | Note for everyone that will come in here to say the secret is
       | drugs : In cyclism taking drugs is not considered a secret, it's
       | common practice.
        
         | knallfrosch wrote:
         | And since everyone is taking them, they're not the
         | discriminator between the world class champions and the merely
         | Tour-de-France participants.
        
           | matthewowen wrote:
           | There is a common refrain about the Armstrong era "all the
           | top guys were taking them so it's fair" but it's not really
           | accurate. Because yes, the people at the top were all taking
           | them, but that's because the clean guys that _would_ have
           | been at the top otherwise aren't there: the prevalence of
           | doping meant that you had to dope to even be in the
           | conversation at that level, and so the clean athletes that
           | might have won otherwise aren't coming in 18th, they're at
           | home on the couch or they're racing at the pro-conti level.
           | 
           | For example, Greg LeMond won the TdF in 1990. In 1991 he came
           | 7th, and then never completed it again. There is some
           | complication here because of the hunting accident he suffered
           | in '87, but he also said "The speeds were faster and riders
           | that I had easily outperformed were now dropping me", and the
           | guy who won in 1991 was Indurain who was basically the first
           | mega-doper.
           | 
           | Without EPO and blood doping becoming prevalent, does Greg
           | LeMond compete for a few more years? Do other guys with
           | similar talent who aren't willing to dope also make it to
           | that top level. I think the answer is probably yes, and so
           | all those guys who doped are responsible for excluding those
           | clean athletes from the top level.
        
             | vbarrielle wrote:
             | You're spot on, and there's another point that makes doping
             | unfair even if it was widespread. There is a max hematocrit
             | rule, but riders had different pre-doping base hematocrit
             | levels. Those with the lowest level could benefit more from
             | doping before reaching the limit. In a way, the less gifted
             | would be more advantaged by EPO.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | _In professional sports taking drugs is not considered a
         | secret, it 's common practice_
         | 
         | Fixed. Cycling has one of the strictest out-of-competition
         | testing regimens. Which isn't to say doping doesn't exist - it
         | does, no question - only that it's WAY better now than during
         | the Armstrong era.
         | 
         | Some details... https://lanternerouge.com/2023/03/26/how-clean-
         | is-cycling-an...
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | They're still fighting a losing battle. The business of
           | cycling dictates that they remain ever vigilant and attempt
           | to catch dopers and keep the sport "clean", while the science
           | of what the atheletes are trying to do suggests they should
           | just accept the reality and not police legal vs. illegal.
           | It's like a drug-free body building contenst; what's the
           | point?
        
             | skhr0680 wrote:
             | > It's like a drug-free body building contenst; what's the
             | point?
             | 
             | The point is to not die or be in a wheelchair by the time
             | you're 60
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | If that's the goal, then you might as well get rid of all
               | contact sports - drugs or not.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Probably a case to be made for doing that. At least with
               | martial arts/combat sports, American football, and
               | probably rugby (mostly related to brain damage, not
               | broken bones/joints).
        
               | pyrale wrote:
               | Also to make it a sports contest and not a pharma
               | contest.
               | 
               | It's the same reason there's a minimum weight for bikes
               | used in the race: people tend to disregard security when
               | making lighter bikes, and the cost of experiments means
               | that some competitors exit the sport because they can't
               | compete on funding.
        
             | Jean-Papoulos wrote:
             | Admiring what human dedication does, not what human drugs
             | do.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | I'm not sure I'd call it a losing battle. But, I agree
             | vigilance is necessary.
             | 
             | But, I also view anti-doping measures as more of a safety
             | issue than a fairness issue (maybe 60/40-ish). First
             | priority - prevent athletes (and their coaches/sponsors)
             | killing or crippling themselves with chemicals. Second
             | order - guarantee some baseline level of fairness (because
             | without it, the fans go elsewhere).
             | 
             | This isn't really different than rules in motor racing.
             | Gotta keep the drivers safe first, and keep the race
             | entertaining (nobody outside Italy wants to see two
             | Ferraris dominate every F1 GP).
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | And to me, there's a distinction between taking a drug that
         | increases availability of red blood cells vs taking steroids or
         | meth.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | What's the distinction? What about taking something when you
           | have a cold, or nutritional supplements? It seems weird to
           | draw an arbitrary line between things that make a body
           | perform by stimulating natural production vs directly using
           | synthetics.
        
             | jerlam wrote:
             | Seconded, there is no clear line between banned drugs that
             | help you cheat and drugs that fix medical conditions. There
             | are drugs that are allowed if you have a doctor's note, and
             | there are drugs that you can use only up to a certain
             | amount.
             | 
             | Asthma meds for cycling, some of which are steroids, are
             | one of the more popular examples:
             | 
             | https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/the-truth-
             | abo...
        
               | vbarrielle wrote:
               | WADA rules do not ban a drug just because it is
               | performance enhancing. Otherwise caffeine would be
               | banned.
               | 
               | Two out of three factors have to be present to ban a
               | drug:
               | 
               | - be performance enhancing - present a health risk -
               | violate the spirit of sport
               | 
               | The third one is a bit harder to define but there is a
               | WADA code defining the spirit of sport.
               | 
               | Most banned drugs are banned because of the first two.
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | > Two out of three factors have to be present to ban a
               | drug:
               | 
               | > - be performance enhancing - present a health risk -
               | violate the spirit of sport
               | 
               | There also are drugs banned that mask the use of
               | performance enhancing drugs. You could call that "violate
               | the spirit of the sport", but that's so vague a term it
               | could cover anything.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | Isn't that really sport-dependent?
           | 
           | EPO and other red-cell increasing drugs provide a massive
           | gain for endurance athletes (runners, cyclists, XC skiing).
           | Steroids are a massive gain for strength athletes
           | (sprinters/athletics, contact sports).
           | 
           | Both can be used "safely" or "unsafely" depending on dosage,
           | combinations with other drugs, etc.
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | My opinion is that roids are much worse. And I included
             | meth for dramatic contrast. It's not so much about the gain
             | it's about the danger and harm. But I'm sure this will
             | invite all sorts of semantic bickering about the meaning of
             | the word "danger". As I said it's my opinion about where
             | the line should be drawn.
        
             | eric-hu wrote:
             | My understanding of steroids is that they increase muscle
             | mass all over the body. And that it's a long term health
             | issue for the heart, because having a heart with excess
             | muscle is actually bad long term. A few lifting YouTubers I
             | follow have made videos on the subject. It seems like
             | there's "less unsafe" steroid use, but there will be a life
             | expectancy sacrifice with any level of use.
             | 
             | I don't know what the story is like for EPO and other red-
             | cell increasing drugs. Would be curious to hear yours and a
             | few others' understanding of the cost/benefit.
        
         | parthdesai wrote:
         | My personal semi-conspiracy theory is that cycling is the only
         | sport that took anti doping measures seriously and sort of
         | fucked itself over. All the "anti" doping measures in major
         | sports are laughable. There's too much money involved for the
         | athletes to be not on steroids.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Based on what? Have revenues for pro cycling dropped off? I
           | honestly don't know.
        
           | borroka wrote:
           | If it were only for the money...In CrossFit, even in
           | competitions at the regional or provincial level, the top
           | positions are practically all taken by athletes who use
           | performance-enhancing drugs. Or, to take another example, in
           | jiu jitsu, a discipline in which you almost always have to
           | pay to compete and win nothing but a medal that will cost
           | five dollars at the department store, I would venture to say
           | that at least 90% of those placed in the top positions use
           | PEDs.
        
       | matsemann wrote:
       | I'm a bit sad that a topic I find so interesting mostly gathers
       | knee-jerk reactions here on HN.
       | 
       | Yes, doping, blah blah we get it. But the logistics of TdF is
       | insane. With a new city every day, things need to move fast and
       | preparations start early. For instance Uno-X team has a small
       | trailer with 800 kgs of ice they travel around with, after having
       | trouble sourcing enough ice in the small villages they stay at.
       | 
       | Actually having your own chef source stuff is one way to avoid
       | accidental doping scandals.
       | 
       | I've read the Velochef book and like the recipes there. One thing
       | I've never appreciated before is how hard it is to actually get
       | this amount of calories down. Especially since much of it must be
       | consumed on the bike so needs to be easy to transport/store/eat
       | on the fly. And eating while working out can be tough on the
       | stomach. EDB finally got his break through when they managed to
       | nail a nutrition he didn't get cramps from eating.
        
         | mesofile wrote:
         | Sorry, I follow cycling casually but I'm racking my brain
         | trying to think of who 'EDB' refers to.
        
           | wiether wrote:
           | Same, I can't find anyone close to it.
        
             | matsemann wrote:
             | Sorry, it was an autocorrect by my phone. EDB means
             | Elektronisk Data Behandling, which is an archaic Norwegian
             | way of writing computers, lol..
             | 
             | I meant to write EBH, Edvald Boasson-Hagen. I probably
             | should've spelled it out, but the Velochef book is by the
             | Team Sky chef, the team of EBH.
        
           | ragazzina wrote:
           | ChatGPT suggests self-assuredly and completely wrong "The
           | famous cyclist known by the acronym EDB is Egan Daniel
           | Bernal".
        
         | durkie wrote:
         | reminds me of an anecdote from Le Ride
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Ride ) that talks about in
         | one of the early Tours de France, a rider was disqualified
         | because he broke his crank, hobbled to a nearby town, found the
         | blacksmith, and the rider welded his own crank back together,
         | but the blacksmith's son operated the bellows and this was seen
         | as too much external assistance.
        
           | ydant wrote:
           | Looks to be this rider - Eugene Christophe:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Christophe
        
       | eloycoto wrote:
       | Nowadays, some riders use glucose monitoring devices during
       | training with relation to how long it takes from ingesting and
       | getting into blood. They are now measuring more and more things,
       | and food is a crucial role.
       | 
       | Glucose monitoring is banned during races, but I guess that is
       | why you don't see some cyclist collapsing like as 15 years ago is
       | because they understand their glucose levels.
       | 
       | For sure, doping it's still a fear, but these guys cannot climb
       | Galibier at that speed only with storoids/drugs, it's insane the
       | effort that they did over the year.
        
         | deff wrote:
         | That is indeed why you don't see them collapsing and also why
         | the finals are much longer nowadays. Riders train their guts to
         | be able to eat up to 120g of carbs per hour, for the whole
         | duration of the race.
        
           | avs733 wrote:
           | I am far FAR from the tour de france but I do train for and
           | run ultramarathons.
           | 
           | When I started the general guidance seemed to be about 200
           | calories (50g of carbs) per hour during training and races. I
           | followed that or a little above for a long time, and
           | constantly had problems both physically and cognitively near
           | the end of races.
           | 
           | It took about a year to get used to fueling heavier (for
           | me...about 400 calories per hour or 100g). Lots of figuring
           | out digestion and timing and sources and other factors. But
           | once I got there it was transformative...I could push much
           | harder for much longer without a deep bonk and recovery was
           | faster. More importantly, my ability to think/plan/make
           | decisions at the end of races was orders of magnitude better.
           | 
           | I'd bet if you went to an aid station around 80 miles on a
           | 100mile ultra marathon you could pretty reliably identify who
           | had been on the 200cal end of the spectrum and who had been
           | on the 400 + end.
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | Yeah, some of the modern nutrition stuff like gels work
             | really well. I did a 115 mile road bike ride on Sunday and
             | kept eating gels and... I'm not going to say I was super
             | fresh or anything by the end of that, but I was still
             | feeling pretty good.
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | There is usually a point where you can't get those gel
               | inside. It is nice to mix with other stuff.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | After my longest ever bike ride, 300 km, I didn't touch a
               | gel for years, heh. Got so sick of 3+ gels per hour for
               | those ~8 hours.
        
               | 0_____0 wrote:
               | I dropped gels pretty fast. Hard to get if you're not
               | somewhere with sports stores, and expensive.
               | 
               | These days I cram haribo and peanut butter M&Ms, although
               | I think the latter are more useful for multiday things.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | Yeah, I bought a huge bulk pack online, and then it was
               | okay. But when you need a couple a week it quickly adds
               | up in cost. Same with bars, which I sometimes prefer over
               | gels for longer rides to not just have gels in my
               | stomach. I've tried to bake some bars myself, or make
               | some rice cakes from Velochef (
               | https://www.rouleur.cc/blogs/desire-journal/velochef-
               | henrik-... ) instead.
        
             | WXLCKNO wrote:
             | At 250w average during a 5 hour ride I'm burning like 1000
             | calories per hour or something mething close. Glycogen
             | reserves are 2000 calories from a quick Google search, so
             | that's 3k calories I need to make up for or 600 per hour.
             | I'm sure there's a bunch of stuff I'm missing but 400
             | definitely makes more sense than 200
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | What you're missing is fat metabolism. If you're
               | metabolically healthy (which you must be if you can hold
               | 250W for hours) then you can make up the difference by
               | converting stored fat into glycogen.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | Yup, part of my long distance cycle training was somewhat
               | getting "fat adapted".
        
               | WXLCKNO wrote:
               | Right! That was a big missing chunk :)
        
               | avs733 wrote:
               | what is also missing is the ability to process calories
               | in.
               | 
               | 900-1000 calories might mean that in is optimal - but
               | think about eating a full meal from mcdonalds every hour
               | while massively extering yourself.
               | 
               | Training your gut matters and I've never seen anything
               | that suggests much beyond 400 calories per hour is
               | possible during meaningful exertion.
        
             | notesinthefield wrote:
             | Since my first ultra, Ive been fascinated by the idea of
             | adapting to increased fueling and have tried to apply
             | periodization principles to how I eat. 23 miles into a 33
             | race, I completely stopped being able to process food at
             | around 150-250 cals/hr (mostly carbs and some fats)
        
               | avs733 wrote:
               | speaking from experience - I puked during a fair number
               | of runs in the process of getting there. I mix calories
               | in my hydration with gels just to try and get the balance
               | right. Its not stable but its better after about 4 years
               | of work. I have ound that if I don't do a good job of
               | eating, what you describe happens about 6-10 miles AFTER
               | I stopped caloric intake.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I haven't been a cyclist since about the time that the market
         | of energy drinks first exploded. And at the time there were a
         | number of articles that said that really all you need is
         | Gatorade, that most of these new drinks were advertising more
         | calories per liter, but Gatorade was already tested out on
         | absorption rates and dialed in to the maximum calories per
         | liter of water that the average human stomach can absorb.
         | 
         | The tricky word there is average. If Tadej can absorb an extra
         | 5 grams per liter, then you should give Tadej an extra five
         | grams per liter. If Jonas can absorb 2 grams less per liter
         | than the average then you should give him that serving.
         | 
         | These race results come down to mere seconds per hundred miles,
         | for cyclists that are averaging 20 miles an hour. Any 1%
         | difference is going into the training regimen.
        
           | ricw wrote:
           | that is outdated advice. for one, some people sweat more than
           | others, the salt levels in the sweat is totally different
           | too. this means that if you're really serious about sport or
           | are doing endurance races (ie 2 hours+) you should really not
           | just use gatorade, but something where the mix of salt/water
           | is closer to whatever you're sweating.
           | 
           | if i personally use gatorade for endurance exercise, i'll
           | just cramp up after 90 minutes and not be able to ride
           | normally. if i use a high salt mix instead, this isn't an
           | issue whatsoever. I'm sure the exact same is true about food
           | itself. remember that for the tour de france, last years time
           | difference between the winner (Vingegaard) and the second
           | (Pogadcar) was 8 minutes out of 82h 05' 42", aka only 0.16%
           | faster overall. every single sub-percentage matters here.
           | 
           | there are tons of products that cater to this. the one i've
           | been using is https://www.precisionhydration.com/ which is
           | cheaper and more tailored than gatorade (i have no
           | affiliation to them).
        
             | 0_____0 wrote:
             | I basically just add salt to Gatorade and cut it with extra
             | sugar and malto. It's a couple extra steps but I train
             | regularly enough that I make a concentrate (100ml=200kcal)
             | that I put in bottle and dilute as needed.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | One of the runners I mined for training advice was using
               | gatorade to take salt tabs. That was not the advice I
               | took from him, though. I will probably avoid at least one
               | injury from other things he said.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Yeah I wasn't talking about electrolytes, just calories per
             | minute. The top level was about glucose monitoring not
             | electrolyte monitoring.
             | 
             | It's funny that Precision uses almost exactly the same
             | bottle as Nuun.
        
             | JAlexoid wrote:
             | > that is outdated advice. for one, some people sweat more
             | than others, the salt levels in the sweat is totally
             | different too.
             | 
             | People forget that. They just follow "salt is killing you"
             | advice, meanwhile I sweat salt like it's water. Last race I
             | did had the sense to add salty potato chips to their rest
             | stops... I didn't cramp up.
             | 
             | Meanwhile Gatorade is absolute trash for electrolyte
             | maintenance for someone like myself.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | The people drinking a gallon of water (not fluids, just
               | water) a day are often flushing out electrolytes. There
               | are a lot of things you might expect a doctor to yell at
               | you about in an ER but from what I understand coming in
               | with heart palpitations triggered by low potassium due to
               | over-hydrating is a good one.
        
           | 0_____0 wrote:
           | I still use Gatorade because I'm a cheap bastard.
           | 
           | The limits aren't wrt water absorption, but gut tolerance of
           | sugar.
           | 
           | I get about 100g of sugar into a bottle by doing roughly
           | 50:50 Gatorade and maltodextrin, and then throwing in some
           | extra Na an K salt if it's going to be hot. Although with the
           | super hi carb stuff you should make sure that you have some
           | plain water as well - it sucks to be super thirsty but only
           | have carb drink on the bike.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Sibling comment explains about the maltodextrin. I'll have
             | to read up more.
        
           | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
           | There are multiple kinds of carbohydrate and the differences
           | can matter.
           | 
           | Gatorade's ingredients list shows sucrose (glucose+fructose)
           | and dextrose (glucose).
           | 
           | Maltodextrin is isotonic in a 6x stronger solution than
           | fructose and glucose. This means you need to drink
           | meaningfully less water during a race to digest maltodextrin.
           | So do we want all maltodextrin? Nope! Fructose can be
           | absorbed by a separate pathway, which is less efficient, but
           | increases your total intake of carbohydrates into the
           | bloodstream.
           | 
           | So you're probably not going to see Tour de France teams
           | giving their riders Gatorade. You want more maltodextrin and
           | less glucose.
        
             | vgt wrote:
             | Powdered sugar is 50/50 fructose and glucose, a close to
             | perfect ratio for absorption. A dash of Gatorade powder for
             | taste and you got yourself a drink that's inexpensive and
             | gets you all the carbs you need.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I forgot about the Fructose pathway. Yeah that's been known
             | for ages.
             | 
             | It turns out though that maltodextrin didn't exist in
             | manufactured quantities until the mid 1970's, which was
             | after Gatorade was a national brand. That they never
             | changed their formula is disappointing but maybe not
             | surprising (especially after Quaker Oats bought them in
             | '83)
             | 
             | But none of the 'sports drinks' that Coca Cola and friends
             | were pumping out in the 90's had maltodextrin in them to my
             | knowledge. It was just more sucrose and glucose, so its
             | star fell a bit more recently.
             | 
             | Do you know when the isotonic research was done? I don't
             | have any recollection of that being even mentioned in the
             | tests I talked about.
             | 
             | Also maltodextrins are made from wheat in Europe and a
             | problem for celiacs.
        
           | ruszki wrote:
           | They count it as gram per hour. If I remember well, pro
           | cyclists can absorb 2-2.5 times as much carbohydrate in an
           | hour than beginners.
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | > for cyclists that are averaging 20 miles an hour
           | 
           | I don't think modern professional cyclists even _can_ ride at
           | 20 miles an hour ;-)
           | 
           | 20 miles an hour didn't win you the Tour de France in 1950.
           | Nowadays, with better tech, better training, and shorter
           | stages, you have to do over 25 miles an hour to win it, and
           | the last rider in the general classification easily is within
           | 10% of that.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Maximum calories per liter sounds like something you really
           | want to avoid unless you are engaging in extremely intense
           | exercise.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | On the Netflix TdF documentary, they mentioned that the
           | difference between the winner and last place is 2%. There was
           | one stage where the winner won by 4 inches.
           | 
           | It also said that doping made a 20% difference, so either
           | none of the current competitors are doping or all of them
           | are.
        
             | rfergie wrote:
             | > so either none of the current competitors are doping or
             | all of them are
             | 
             | The drafting effect in cycling means that a clean cyclist
             | can finish very closely behind a doped cyclist
        
         | brazzy wrote:
         | > For sure, doping it's still a fear, but these guys cannot
         | climb Galibier at that speed only with storoids/drugs, it's
         | insane the effort that they did over the year.
         | 
         | The way I heard it, the don't use doping to improve their
         | performance. They use it so they can train longer and more
         | intensely than they would be able to without it.
        
       | ydant wrote:
       | I enjoyed this show about feeding the tour riders:
       | 
       | Eat. Race. Win. https://www.amazon.com/Eat-Race-Win-
       | Season-1/dp/B086HVQ5RB
       | 
       | Related, Unchained (https://www.netflix.com/title/81153133) has
       | been an interesting view into the race although food isn't
       | discussed at all.
       | 
       | Before Eat. Race. Win. I had this entirely uninformed idea the
       | food the riders ate would be incredibly streamlined and
       | controlled - I was thinking something like Soylent and protein
       | powder and supplements. To see them chowing down on "normal" food
       | and drinking alcohol (at all) was surprising for me.
        
         | gullywhumper wrote:
         | The alcohol really surprises me given how meticulous they are
         | about everything else - especially sleep monitoring. After a
         | big win, it's not uncommon for the entire team to have
         | sparkling wine or beer that night. Maybe not a big deal for one
         | day races, but with stage races they usually have another hard
         | race the next day. On the podium during stage races, victors
         | will often drink sparkling wine/beer too. After winning a stage
         | at last year's Vuelta a Espana (one of the major multi-day
         | stage races) Sepp Kuss took a huge long chug on the podium -
         | and then went on to when the entire race [1]!
         | 
         | Some riders used to drink during races too. Freddy Maertens was
         | able to do it and still win [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.atwistedspoke.com/sepp-kuss-champagne-
         | supernova/
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddy_Maertens#Alcohol
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | Any risks in terms of performance have to be weighed up
           | against the benefits to morale. A grand tour is long, a full
           | year's calendar of racing is even longer, but a glass of
           | champagne to celebrate a win goes a long way towards breaking
           | up the monotony of suffering.
        
       | deff wrote:
       | Regarding drugs, yes it's most likely still happening, but
       | nowhere near the levels it used to be.
       | 
       | Riders are tested a lot and have to provide year-round
       | whereabouts for random testing. They also have a frequently
       | updated blood passport to detect sudden changes in values caused
       | by PEDs. It can never be fully waterproof, but at least serious
       | efforts are made.
        
         | flosstop wrote:
         | They have moved on from pharmaceutical doping due to the
         | extensive testing to what is referred to as "mechanical
         | doping". Motors are hidden in hubs/frames and the organisation
         | is busy doing everything they can to pretend that it isn't a
         | problem.
        
           | cptcobalt wrote:
           | Really, hidden motors in the tour? That would be an
           | interesting read.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | No, not really. These motors exist, but it's not really a
             | thing on the Tour de France. And I only mention this race
             | because I am not much of a devotee and don't really follow
             | the others, but I would expect quite a lot of noise if it
             | were a thing in the other big races.
        
           | fuzzylightbulb wrote:
           | Mechanical doping, a problem so wide-spread that only one
           | person at the elite level has ever been found to have been
           | doing it. To date, no one has ever provided hard evidence of
           | another rider using a motor. I am not saying that this
           | doesn't happen at the amateur level (it certainly does) but
           | to imply that this is a pervasive problem in elite cycling is
           | little more than a baseless conspiracy theory until someone
           | shows up with some actual evidence of motors being used in
           | major events.
           | 
           | Ghost in the Machine [1] is a great podcast on this topic.
           | 
           | [1] https://play.pocketcasts.com/discover/podcast/de6ba1d0-91
           | 32-...
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | the long history of cheating at the highest levels of every
             | sport indicates that if there is not mechanical doping in
             | cycling, it's because the mechanical technology is not as
             | good at hiding yet as it needs to be. We are talking about
             | human beings here.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I really, really want someone to commercialize the
               | mechanical doping tech they've been using. Get caught and
               | go straight please.
               | 
               | Give me a bike that looks like a normal bike and gives
               | mere mortals like me an extra 5 mph (power law makes that
               | a lot worse for pros).
        
               | jdietrich wrote:
               | That's basically already a thing. There's a big market
               | for older riders who want a little bit of discreet
               | assistance on their group ride.
               | 
               | https://www.orbea.com/us-en/ebikes/road/gain/
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | To my eyes, that bike obviously has a battery in the
               | downtube. But I'm not the average person where bikes are
               | concerned so perhaps I should have said, "a bike that
               | would fool other bicyclists."
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Only one person has been caught. It's been a long time
             | since I bothered to look into this, but LeMond suspected at
             | least half a dozen people, with video evidence of varying
             | degrees of plausibility. The thermal imaging and the fallen
             | rider with the spinning wheels were especially damning.
             | 
             | But if you're analyzing old races how do you get a
             | conviction? You can't.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | > with the spinning wheels were especially damning
               | 
               | No it wasn't. Wheels spin through crashes all the time.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | And if this is the Toms Skujins case, it spins for like 3
               | seconds on video after the video cuts to him. It's
               | obvious that he just had lifted his bike up and spun the
               | pedals to see if everything was in order before biking
               | on. And when an alternate video later was released, this
               | was proven to be true.
        
             | mvdtnz wrote:
             | I found that podcast terrible. At the time I knew nothing
             | about road cycling and that podcast left me with the
             | impression that it's a pervasive problem and a grand
             | conspiracy. It wasn't until I spoke about this with some
             | real road cycling enthusiasts that I realised I had been
             | taken in by a bullshit conspiracy theory.
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | They do systematic checks for the winner, whoever has
           | suspicious performance jumps one day, as well as random
           | racers. They do take it very seriously and what you are
           | saying is a bit far from the truth.
           | 
           | Some people will try, and some scandals will happen, sure.
           | But it is not a widespread problem and is unlikely to become
           | one.
           | 
           | See here, for example:
           | https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/tour-de-
           | fran...
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I've lost track of how many bike changes I've seen and I've
             | only watched the first 3 days of coverage so far.
             | 
             | Plus if your lieutenant uses a motor in order to pull you
             | up to the front, then your bike is clean.
        
               | xcskier56 wrote:
               | Through axels have become a very convenient excuse for
               | bike changes. Watching Cavendish have his wheels changed
               | in one of the early stages this year was so slow. It took
               | a guy with a drill like a minute plus to do front and
               | rear wheels.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I just learned about through axles last fall. And narrow-
               | wide chain rings (mountain biking). I used to keep up
               | better with the tech changes.
               | 
               | I only caught the end of that wheel change when I
               | realized the mechanic was holding a Milwaukee cordless
               | and Bob(?) was talking about it.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | We've had a handful of cases at the lower levels of the
           | sport, but I think the scrutineering is just too strict for
           | anyone to get away with it at the ProTour level. The UCI have
           | got mobile x-ray facilities which they're starting to use
           | much more rigorously.
           | 
           | https://www.uci.org/pressrelease/uci-reveals-
           | technological-f...
        
           | deff wrote:
           | Impossible to use mechanical doping now with the current
           | inspections. Has it been used before these inspections were
           | implemented? Very likely. An hungarian engineer developed a
           | motor with spools in the rims and the stator in the forks.
           | For sure at some point this offered a better risk/reward than
           | PEDs.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Greg LeMond was one of the people calling for more scrutiny
             | of bikes for mechanical tampering. One of the best pieces
             | of evidence he provided were thermal cameras pointed at
             | bikes while they were in motion. Lots of thermal blooming
             | in places no professional bike mechanic generate a tenths
             | that much friction.
             | 
             | One of the problems is that bikes can be made so light with
             | unobtainium that there are rules in place requiring a
             | minimum weight so that poorer teams can compete. So if you
             | make a bike that's 10 lbs you have to stick weights into it
             | to bring it up to spec. What else could you put in that
             | bike besides chunks of iron pipe?
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | Weight minimum has nothing to do with teams being poor,
               | it has to do with having a safety minimum.
        
               | bluecalm wrote:
               | Bikes being too light and needing weight added to rich
               | 6.8kg minimum is a tale of the past. With aero frames,
               | disc brakes, deeper wheels and bigger cassettes most TdF
               | bikes are way over the minimum, sometimes more than 1kg
               | heavier.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | At the Track and Field qualifiers for the 2024 Olympics they
         | kept talking about how one of the runners was disqualified from
         | Tokyo because she violated the whereabouts rules. They didn't
         | say how.
         | 
         | Is that like parole where they check in, or is it like house
         | arrest where you have an ankle monitor?
        
           | xcskier56 wrote:
           | It's a bit of both. If you're an athlete being tested at that
           | level, you have to keep your country's antidoping agency
           | informed of your whereabouts at all times. They will randomly
           | send testers to wherever you are and you have a short time
           | window, like 1-3 hours to show up. If you no-show 3 times (I
           | think) it counts as a positive test and you're banned. I
           | really don't know how someone could run in the trials with
           | too many missed tests and not be allowed to race the
           | olympics... I'm pretty sure the rules are the same.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | If you missed 2 before the trials and another after? I
             | could see someone being on final notice before the trials
             | and then fucking up again.
             | 
             | But they didn't actually say how and when she was DQed,
             | just that she missed the Tokyo Olympics due to breaking the
             | whereabouts clause. There are clearly favorites at the
             | trials and if someone 'should' have gone I could see
             | announcers making the speculative leap.
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | The athlete may have had a third failed test, but still had
             | time to protest that. There have been examples where
             | athletes filed changes to their schedule, but doping
             | authorities missed those and ended up at the wrong place
             | for a random test, for example.
             | 
             | (Having to file your whereabouts is horrendous, by the way.
             | https://www.wada-ama.org/en/athletes-support-
             | personnel/provi...:
             | 
             |  _"RTP athletes are required to provide the following
             | whereabouts information on a quarterly basis:
             | 
             | - Home address, email address and phone number
             | 
             | - An address for overnight accommodations
             | 
             | - Regular activities, such as training, work, and school,
             | the locations and the times of these activities
             | 
             | - Competition schedules and locations
             | 
             | - A 60-minute time slot for each day where they'll be
             | available and accessible for testing and liable for a
             | potential 'missed test'"_
             | 
             | That "60-minute time slot" sounds somewhat reasonable, but
             | (https://www.wada-
             | ama.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/At_a_Gl...): _"And
             | remember, athlete can be tested anytime and anywhere - not
             | just in their 60-minute time slot!"_
             | 
             | Miss a plane? Plane delayed? You may have to inform your
             | doping agency. A loved one suddenly ends up in hospital?
             | Before you rush to go there, report where you'll be.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | The simplest would be dead battery on a solo run. I've
               | killed mine on a workout before. I've also delayed a
               | workout to charge and ended up regretting it.
               | 
               | More likely you're young, mad fit, and have some energy
               | you want to burn off with a friend. You've heard about
               | the Olympic Village.
               | 
               | No way do I want to tell some official whose apartment
               | I'm visiting.
        
         | burningChrome wrote:
         | >> Riders are tested a lot and have to provide year-round
         | whereabouts for random testing.
         | 
         | If I remember correctly, these rules were changed after the
         | Armstrong scandal where he would be scheduled for testing, he
         | would say he was at his house in Texas. The testing folks would
         | show up and he just wouldn't answer the door and wait until
         | they left so they couldn't test him. It was one of the ways he
         | was able to dope on a set schedule, all the while being able to
         | maintain he was being tested more than any other athlete - when
         | in reality, he was just avoiding being tested.
         | 
         | It seems like a lot has changed since his scandal and several
         | others that followed and they've really clamped down on what
         | you're saying, changes in blood values and getting suspended if
         | you cannot be reached for testing.
        
           | lesuorac wrote:
           | > and getting suspended if you cannot be reached for testing.
           | 
           | Hard to believe it took a scandal for that to be a rule.
        
             | daanlo wrote:
             | Afaik that was already the rule 25-30 years ago when
             | Armstrong was cycling. I can remember track and field
             | athletes being banned when they didn't show up for surprise
             | tests. So either cycling was more lenient or he got a bonus
             | treatment because he was famous.
             | 
             | On a side note: much harder today to not be available/found
             | than it was 30 odd years ago.
        
           | matsemann wrote:
           | There is an app where you have to give your whereabouts for
           | one hour every day. If you don't fill it in or are
           | unavailable at the location for that hour, you get a strike.
           | Three strikes in a set period and you will get a ban as if
           | you had been doping.
           | 
           | One problem with the system is that it relies on countries
           | being strict with their athletes, which they aren't
           | incentivized to do. Also, it's easy to "be available" but not
           | get tested by going somewhere remote for a height camp for a
           | few weeks.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | Like Russia where the testers were running the doping
             | program.
        
             | bluecalm wrote:
             | Like Spain when there are legal problems with testing on
             | weekends.
        
               | lormayna wrote:
               | Guess why only Basso and Ulrich get disqualified after
               | the operacion Puerto and why Spain dominate in almost
               | every sports for more than a decade.
        
           | TuesdayNights wrote:
           | Cyclist need to log virtually everything they consume (food,
           | water, medications), on top of declaring their whereabouts
           | and biological passports, in case they return a positive
           | test. I'm not disagreeing with the "price of admission" for
           | competing in the world tour shouldn't be high, but I can
           | imagine it's stressful that something as simple as drinking
           | water from a tap could, effectively, end your career.
           | 
           | Lizzy Banks goes into great detail about her experince with
           | doping control and trying to overturn a positive result due
           | to a contamination. It's a long read, but if you're a fan of
           | the sport it's super interesting. https://lizzybanks.co.uk/
           | 
           | It was also discussed here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40612281
        
       | frereubu wrote:
       | The part about not eating too much fibre because it irritates the
       | gut reminded me of an amusing anecdote in Dan Martin's
       | autobiography, where he talked about coming (I think) third in
       | The Tour and was sitting with Chris Froome and Geraint Thomas
       | from Team Sky (now Ineos Grenadiers) after the finish in Paris.
       | He was looking forward to a big burger and chips, and Froome and
       | Thomas were discussing how they were really looking forward to a
       | nice salad (i.e. lots of fibre). He partly admired the
       | dedication, but at the same time wondered how on earth they could
       | live like that.
        
         | AndrewOMartin wrote:
         | Salads can be really good in Paris! :D Martin might just be
         | imagining a slice of tomato on a leaf of lettuce, Froome and
         | Thomas might have been imagining a range of herbs and roasted
         | nuts with a delicious oil or vinaigrette, chunks of an
         | interesting cheese or two and some powerful olives and garlic.
         | Or thereabouts.
        
           | frereubu wrote:
           | Yeah, I'm sure he knows that - he lives in Andorra - but I
           | read it as him being surprised that of all the tasty things
           | they weren't allowed to eat (as the article makes clear the
           | food during the Tour tends to be pretty bland) the first
           | thing they'd crave is a salad.
        
             | lormayna wrote:
             | I remember Fabio Aru saying that he was allowed to eat a
             | pizza once in an year, at the end of the season. This is
             | one of the reason why several modern cyclist had a mental
             | breakdown like Tom Dumolin
        
         | Optimal_Persona wrote:
         | Tomorrow's headline: Turd de France - How professional cyclists
         | poop (or don't) on the road...
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Don't poop on the road, poop in the bushes.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Runners also warn about high fiber being bad. I keep being
         | drawn back to our friend the Banana.
         | 
         | I think pectin is easier on the stomach than insoluble fiber,
         | but I have a lot of gaps in this part of my knowledge.
         | 
         | The cheeseburger calls to us all. Some of us are just "better"
         | at resisting the call.
        
           | burningChrome wrote:
           | >> The cheeseburger calls to us all.
           | 
           | One my trainers when I was in college told me that when you
           | crave foods, its not your lack of willpower, its actually
           | your body telling you it needs certain nutrients. He told me
           | when you crave chocolate its because your body needs carbs,
           | so if you get some carbs, your chocolate cravings will go
           | away.
           | 
           | I'm guessing the idea you crave a cheeseburger is the same
           | thing, his body was in need of complex carbs and protein?
           | 
           | This is purely anecdotal evidence of this, but in my
           | experience as an endurance athlete (soccer, cycling,
           | adventure racing) its seems to work. When I've craved
           | chocolate, I just eat some toast or chips or drink some Mt.
           | Dew (a lot of people have no idea how many carbs are in soda)
           | and the desire for something chocolatey goes away.
           | 
           | As others have pointed out in the thread, everybody is
           | different, but in my case, this idea seems to be accurate.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Protein and fat, but probably mostly salt.
             | 
             | One year I bumped into a friend of a friend at the checkin
             | for a 3 day bike tour and we decided to 1) ride together
             | and 2) see how fast we could do it. Short rests, riding
             | hard, drafting the entire way. All day, in the Labor Day
             | sun.
             | 
             | On day two after we pulled up to the stopping point, we got
             | set up and then crawled back on our bikes to ride to the
             | other side of this small college town to find the Dairy
             | Queen for a bacon cheeseburger. It's not the best tasting
             | beef I've ever had (that was in New Orleans), but it was
             | the best tasting burger.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | In a completely unrelated anecdote, one day on a club ride
             | we were almost to the turnaround point for the day. The
             | town was on a hill on the far side of a river valley and it
             | was a relatively nasty hill. One of the older guys was
             | falling off the back and I and a few other people heard him
             | yell something but we couldn't make out what it was, so we
             | dropped back to see if he was okay.
             | 
             | He had yelled "CHEESEBURGER!" as a rally cry.
        
             | mikedelfino wrote:
             | Someone told me once that food cravings are often driven by
             | our gut's bacteria. We eat what they want us to eat.
        
               | mckn1ght wrote:
               | Probably because they consume the nutrients before our
               | bodies can, so our body says "more of that please!"
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | That's the theory that we're all high on sugar because
               | our gut bacteria are feeding us neurochemicals.
               | 
               | There's certainly circumstantial evidence that's true.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | Lol what's the nutritional case for drinking Mt Dew to
             | avoid chocolate?
        
               | bluecalm wrote:
               | Pure carbs are better than fat and protein if you're
               | about to start or are in the middle of long endurance
               | effort.
        
       | laweijfmvo wrote:
       | That any human can complete a race like this is still mind
       | boggling to me, regardless of what you eat.
        
       | philshem wrote:
       | > "The food I make is all transparent," says (chef) Blandy.
       | "There are no rich sauces, it's all plain, simple cooking with a
       | light amount of seasoning, light amount of oil, fresh herbs and
       | citrus.
       | 
       | That's some top-notch nominative determinism.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_determinism
        
         | jeffrallen wrote:
         | Aptronym: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptronym
        
         | tdumitrescu wrote:
         | Hey if they wanna pay me for real transparent food I'll cook
         | them up some "Emperor's New Hollandaise"
        
         | abcd_f wrote:
         | Hey, there's a sub for that!
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/NominativeDeterminism/
        
       | frankhhhhhhhhh wrote:
       | A great basic formula I stole from NorCal Cycling's YouTube
       | channel for coming up with a nutrition plan for a bike ride is:
       | 
       | TRAINING TIME(HOURS)x60=CARBS(GRAMS)
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/WNhOAIMDmQ0
        
         | gield wrote:
         | = 1 gram of carbs per minute of training
        
       | wnolens wrote:
       | I recently participated in an 85 mile race, and all the
       | nutritional advice boiled down to.. drink a water bottle with a
       | ton of pure sugar and some table salt every 10-20 miles. Bananas
       | and gummies etc. were had, but mostly because they're pleasant to
       | consume.
        
         | vlachen wrote:
         | Interestingly, that same advice was offered to recruits in U.S.
         | Marine Corps boot camp for the final series of tests and
         | challenges, known as The Cruicible. We were directed to put the
         | salt and sugar packets from our MREs into our canteens and chug
         | them. Disgusting, but effective.
        
           | wnolens wrote:
           | Fastest possible carbs to process and electrolytes. Works
           | surprisingly well
        
       | 11235813213455 wrote:
       | I wish these races were without any assistance at all, and
       | without food/liquid at the start, a bit like in the past, if
       | you're hungry try to spot a fruit tree, if you've a flat repair
       | yourself, thirsty stop at next fountain
        
         | temporarara wrote:
         | That's really the kind of fun that is completely missing in
         | most of today's professional sports. Everything is just too
         | good and planned ahead for my tastes to be worth actively
         | watching. The surprising elements still around, like crashes
         | and injuries, are just not that exciting at all.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | I'd get rid of the radio communication with the rider. In
         | Formula 1, too.
        
         | lmm wrote:
         | PBP still runs every 4 years if that's what you want - there
         | are official food/rest areas (there have to be with that many
         | people) but no motorised support allowed. Sports cycling races
         | are for an audience that cares about the racing and athleticism
         | rather than random luck, and I don't blame them for it.
        
       | jimbokun wrote:
       | > "Instead of putting flavour in with cream, salt and butter
       | we're adding it with herbs and citrus because they are low
       | calorie and contain antioxidants."
       | 
       | Aren't they trying to maximize calories?
        
       | mvdtnz wrote:
       | If you think you have no interest in cycle road racing I strongly
       | recommend watching the Netflix series Tour de France Unchained. I
       | watched it on a whim with no interest whatsoever in road racing
       | and I found it addictive and it got me hooked on the sport (to
       | the extent I can be hooked - UCI is a garbage organisation that
       | makes it as difficult as possible to actually watch it).
       | 
       | Start with series 1, even though it's 2 years out of date. They
       | explain how the sport works, and they skip over this in series 2.
       | It's important information.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Watching the TdF, I wonder how the cyclists cope with the
       | motorcycle/car right in front of them spewing exhaust in their
       | faces the whole race.
        
         | hervature wrote:
         | They obviously breathe in exhaust occasionally but the caravan
         | tries to stay far enough that there is no slipstream and the
         | wind would make it a non-issue. Those dunces that light flares
         | during mountain summits are probably much worse.
        
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