[HN Gopher] A buried ancient Egyptian port reveals connections b...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A buried ancient Egyptian port reveals connections between distant
       civilizations
        
       Author : jelliclesfarm
       Score  : 206 points
       Date   : 2024-06-27 19:49 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | blackhaz wrote:
       | Incredible article.
        
       | thom wrote:
       | Raoul McLaughlin in The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean
       | estimates that customs taxes on trade through Red Sea ports could
       | have accounted for fully _one third_ of all Roman income in the
       | first century AD. It's always been fascinating to me what might
       | have happened if Rome tried to play tall instead of wide.
        
         | thom wrote:
         | The book seems to be available at:
         | 
         | https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Docu...
        
         | teleforce wrote:
         | >Its value, after payment of the Roman Empire's 25 percent
         | import tax, was nearly seven million sesterces, which scholars
         | have calculated was easily enough to buy a luxury estate in
         | central Italy, or, if you prefer, to pay 40,000 stonecutters
         | for a year. That translates into some vast fortunes.
         | 
         | Aparrently this value from one ship, and it's reported to have
         | 100 ships per monsoon season to Indian Ocean, it means per year
         | since you need to have two monsoon for departing and returning.
         | This report is for the first century AD, before the trade route
         | reached its peak.
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | What I love about this perspective is that one can imagine
           | production plans based on catching the monsoon season. The
           | Indian ocean is also no joke to sail through anytime much
           | less monsoon season. This took sophisticated thought and
           | cultural focus to pull off.
        
             | Bluestein wrote:
             | And _calendars_ , I am sure.-
        
         | Bluestein wrote:
         | Totally.-
         | 
         | PS. That, and _antibiotics_ ...
        
       | loufe wrote:
       | Truly great article, and surprisingly lives up entirely to the
       | very click-bait sounding title. The writer has a great mix of
       | anecdotes, facts, and images.
       | 
       | I feel like we don't often hear about times where these
       | civilizations and religions mingled and worked together. The Isis
       | temple would have been something to see.
        
         | loufe wrote:
         | Fun fact, if anyone else noticed the spelling of pottery
         | "sherds" and thought it was a typo for "shards", apparently
         | it's an alternatively spelling favoured in archeological
         | circles.
        
           | ganzuul wrote:
           | Oh, that explains it in Minecraft.
        
             | pests wrote:
             | Yep, they got renamed a few months ago in-game and now many
             | many more people know what sherds are.
        
         | bumbledraven wrote:
         | Agreed. I was impressed by the amount of interesting info and
         | the well-written delivery.
         | 
         | I found the bio of the author, Jo Marchant, on Amazon
         | (https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B00B9DBJ3E/about):
         | 
         | > [Marchant] has a PhD in genetics and medical microbiology
         | from St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College in London, and
         | an MSc in Science Communication from Imperial College London.
         | She previously worked as a senior editor at New Scientist and
         | at Nature, and her articles have appeared in publications
         | including The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian
         | and Smithsonian magazine.
        
       | ganzuul wrote:
       | > He became friendly with the local tribespeople, who showed him
       | ruins that archaeologists didn't know existed. "They'll take you
       | to places--the last Westerner was some Roman guy," he jokes.
       | 
       | Makes you really stop and think.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | I guess one good thing about being an archeologist must be that
         | history is added one year per year. You get to a ruin which has
         | been messed up by Roman archaeologists, and their stuff is also
         | artifacts.
         | 
         | You get to a ruin messed up by Indiana Jones's in the 1940's or
         | whatever, just note the location, your great^10 grandkids can
         | come back and collect his hat as an artifact.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | I've seen similar stories from South America.
         | 
         | Some archeologist in Northern Argentina happened to talk to a
         | local farmer who knew about several ancient sites.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | Archaeologists make a point of taking to locals all around
           | the world. In most cases, you simply won't excavate if the
           | locals don't want to talk.
           | 
           | I had a British farmer once locate a medieval path through
           | his land. The documentary evidence already suggested it was
           | in his field and he knew where his plow had found a lot of
           | rocks. We dug a trench and found a beautiful cobblestone path
           | inside.
        
           | arminiusreturns wrote:
           | Growing up in Native American territory, there is much known
           | by locals they don't share, and many sites are known but kept
           | secret and sacred.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | Hidden in temple basements across India are manuscripts,
       | undeciphered, some of which speak to this ancient era. Preserve
       | them before they rot! Archaeological and historical preservation
       | in India needs attention and resources.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | Is there reason to believe they're going to rot if they haven't
         | after 2,000 years already?
        
           | apetersson wrote:
           | Humidity
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Is there reason to believe temples in India haven't
             | experienced humidity in the last 2,000 years?
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | They used to be sealed. HR&CE is the govt arm that is
               | controlling Hindu Temples. It is infiltrated by anti
               | Hindu interests who have been selling temple artifacts
               | and manuscripts by smuggling them out of the country for
               | hundreds of thousands of dollars.. many have been taken
               | out of the humidity controlled vaults built by the Kings.
               | 
               | They have been drilling and building within temple stone
               | walls that are hundreds of years old and installing
               | ceilings fans and lights.
               | 
               | Here are just a few of the recent HR&CE crimes :
               | https://x.com/joshigargigoyal/status/1806747391917511165
               | 
               | And this:
               | https://x.com/joshigargigoyal/status/1807105132087452000
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | A more reputable source than a Twitter screenshot of an
               | unknown, uncited news source would be worthwhile here.
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | The tweets literally quotes the problematic issues with
               | the HRCE Act.
               | 
               | Which part do you find 'not reputable' source of facts?
               | 
               | [..] The Tamil Nadu HR&CE Act
               | 
               | The Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
               | (HR&CE) Act has been a point of contention due to various
               | issues highlighted by critics. Lets see some significant
               | problems associated with the Act and its implementation,
               | with actual examples from newspapers in Tamil Nadu.
               | 
               | 1. Control Over Temples Government Control: The Act
               | allows the government to take control of any Hindu temple
               | under the pretext of 'a reason to believe' there has been
               | an irregularity, even if no actual wrongdoing is proven
               | (Page 14, Clause 2 & 4). Example: In 2021, the Tamil Nadu
               | government took control of the Nataraja Temple in
               | Chidambaram citing irregularities. This action faced
               | backlash from the Dikshithars, the traditional custodians
               | of the temple, who claimed it was an unjustified takeover
               | .
               | 
               | Non-Hindus Managing Temples: Non-Hindus, including the
               | Chief Minister and state HR&CE officials, can manage
               | temples despite not practicing Hinduism (Page 20, Sec
               | 6-7a; Page 21, Sec 6-23). Example: In 2017, controversy
               | arose when it was revealed that non-Hindu officials were
               | involved in the management of several temples in Tamil
               | Nadu, leading to protests by Hindu groups demanding that
               | only practicing Hindus should hold such positions .
               | 
               | 2. Fund Management and Financial Control Payments to
               | HR&CE Officials: The Act mandates that salaries and
               | pensions of HR&CE officials be the first expenditure from
               | temple funds, questioning the secularism of such a
               | provision (Page 23, Sec 12). Example: In 2021, it was
               | reported that significant funds from the Madurai
               | Meenakshi Temple were being used to pay HR&CE officials'
               | salaries, diverting resources away from temple
               | maintenance and services .
               | 
               | Asset Mismanagement: There are numerous issues with how
               | temple assets are managed, including missing asset
               | registers, undervaluation of leases, and questionable
               | audit practices (Page 18, Sec 17; Page 35, Sec 29; Page
               | 41, Sec 34-A). Example: The Hindu reported in 2020 about
               | the undervaluation of temple properties leased at rates
               | far below market value, particularly concerning lands
               | belonging to the Tiruchendur Murugan Temple .
               | 
               | 3. Vagueness and Ambiguity Undefined Terms: Key terms
               | like 'professing Hindu religion' and 'acting in public
               | interest' are not clearly defined, leading to potential
               | misuse (Vagueness of Terms section). Example: An article
               | in The Times of India highlighted the ambiguity of the
               | term 'public interest' being used to justify the removal
               | of trustees from the Kapaleeswarar Temple in Chennai
               | without clear evidence of wrongdoing .
               | 
               | 4. Temple Services and Personnel Stifling Temple
               | Services: The Commissioner has the power to limit
               | spending on temple services such as salaries for archakas
               | (priests) and annadanam (free food distribution), citing
               | financial reasons (Page 66, Sec 61). Example: In 2022,
               | the HR&CE department's decision to cut down on annadanam
               | services at the Palani Murugan Temple due to 'financial
               | constraints' was heavily criticized by devotees, leading
               | to protests .
               | 
               | Appointment and Dismissal of Archakas: The Act allows the
               | appointment of archakas by the HR&CE and their dismissal
               | by trustees for vague reasons such as 'disobedience of
               | orders' (Page 61, Sec 55; Page 62, Sec 56). Example: The
               | dismissal of an archaka from the Meenakshi Amman Temple
               | in Madurai in 2018, allegedly for disobedience, sparked a
               | debate on the arbitrary use of this provision .
               | 
               | 5. Trustees and Governance Trustee Appointments: The
               | criteria for becoming a trustee are minimal, leading to
               | potential mismanagement. Trustees must merely declare
               | faith in Hinduism without any mechanism to verify their
               | adherence (Page 32, Sec 25-A; Page 33, Sec 26-i-1A).
               | Example: In 2020, it was reported that several trustees
               | appointed to the Srirangam Ranganathaswamy Temple had
               | minimal experience in temple administration, leading to
               | administrative inefficiencies .
               | 
               | Board of Trustees: The government can appoint a
               | significant portion of the board of trustees, potentially
               | undermining the autonomy of the temple administration
               | (Page 52, Sec 47). Example: The appointment of
               | politically affiliated individuals to the board of
               | trustees of the Srirangam Temple in 2021 raised concerns
               | about political interference in temple affairs .
               | 
               | 6. Asset Management Issues Asset Registers: There are
               | inconsistencies in the maintenance and publication of
               | asset registers, leading to mismanagement and loss of
               | temple properties (Page 35, Sec 29-D & E). Example: The
               | Deccan Chronicle reported in 2019 that several valuable
               | assets of the Madurai Meenakshi Temple were not properly
               | recorded, resulting in losses and mismanagement .
               | 
               | Leasing Issues: The Act allows for the leasing of temple
               | properties at undervalued rates and provides insufficient
               | mechanisms for lease recovery (Page 42, Sec 34-B; Page
               | 39, Sec 34). Example: In 2018, a major controversy
               | erupted when it was discovered that prime land belonging
               | to the Kumbakonam Temples as well as Agastheeswara
               | Prasanna Venkatesa Perumal temple at Nungambakkam was
               | leased at extremely low rates to private parties, leading
               | to significant revenue losses .
               | 
               | Conclusion The TN HR&CE Act, while intended to regulate
               | and manage Hindu temples and charitable institutions, has
               | several provisions that lead to government overreach,
               | mismanagement, and potential misuse of temple funds and
               | assets. These issues highlight the need for a thorough
               | review and amendment of the Act to ensure transparency,
               | accountability, and respect for religious autonomy. The
               | call to #FreeTNTemples reflects a growing demand for
               | reforms to protect the interests of Hindu temples and
               | their devotees.[..]
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > Which part do you find 'not reputable' source of facts?
               | 
               | The complete lack of any supporting links, and the
               | general vagueness of the claims; "potential misuse",
               | "potential mismanagement", "sparked a debate" are not
               | particularly strong claims.
               | 
               | Where's the reputable source for "infiltrated by anti
               | Hindu interests" or "drilling and building within temple
               | stone walls that are hundreds of years old and installing
               | ceilings fans and lights"? Why is Modi's Hindu
               | nationalist BJP permitting such a thing?
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | These are legal cases and writs filed in courts.
               | 
               | https://indiankanoon.org/search/?formInput=hr%20and%20ce+
               | doc...
               | 
               | Or
               | 
               | https://hindupost.in/dharma-religion/tn-heritage-
               | destroyed-g...
               | 
               | Or
               | 
               | https://swarajyamag.com/amp/story/news-brief/misuse-of-
               | templ...
               | 
               | Or
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD1nfo-60R_Kn2R58RLI
               | aNB...
               | 
               | What would satisfy you as a 'reputable source'. I will
               | try and find it for you. Obviously this is very important
               | for you.
               | 
               | Modi's BJP govt is central govt. This is happening in
               | Tamil Nadu.
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/1200-anc
               | ien...
               | 
               | 1,200 Ancient Idols Stolen From Tamil Nadu Temples In 25
               | Years: Audit
               | 
               | All of these Hindu Temples are managed by the HRCE and
               | they are responsible for its security and yet untold
               | artifacts have been smuggled and despite repeated legal
               | writs and petitions and legal cases against them, nothing
               | is moving ahead.
               | 
               | Hindu Temples can be managed by non Hindus. Meanwhile,
               | every other religion in India..Xianity, Islam, Sikhism..
               | their places are worship are run independently and the
               | state has no control over it or its assets or resources.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | ~50 thefts a year across 36,595 temples seems... small.
               | 
               | Churches, mosques, synagogues, shrines etc. are hardly
               | immune to thefts.
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | http://templeworshippers.in/ : for the state of
               | TamilNadu.
        
             | jelliclesfarm wrote:
             | How manuscripts used to be preserved :
             | 
             | https://drperumal.wordpress.com/2013/05/10/indigenous-
             | method...
             | 
             | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0340035222110
             | 3...
             | 
             | I have been to a few museums and libraries where the
             | palmyra manuscripts and texts are still preserved. They
             | should remain with people who value them instead of handing
             | them over to the govt.
             | 
             | In our home library, we lost so many books where the pages
             | were so brittle that they would break like biscuits. But
             | the religious palm leaf scripts that have been in the
             | family for generations were well preserved as they were
             | wrapped in cloth. We also had some inscriptions on copper
             | plates or some other kind of alloy metal. They were at the
             | altar in the prayer room and kept submerged in water
             | always. I don't know what language it was but it was none
             | of the known modern languages.
             | 
             | Even today., in the deep south, there are palm leaf
             | astrologers whose lineage have owned Nadi astrology palm
             | leaf manuscripts that is supposed to relate everything
             | about you life and past lives including when you will visit
             | the astrologer. There are some authentic lineages.
             | 
             | The text is written in Vatteluttu and script knowledge is
             | passed down lineages only
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatteluttu
             | 
             | Nadi astrology
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadi_astrology
        
           | Brian_K_White wrote:
           | Yes.
        
         | anukin wrote:
         | Vast majority of those manuscripts were either burned or
         | destroyed during the Islamic invasion during Middle Ages.
         | 
         | Also can you at least point out to some temples which house
         | these and archeological survey of India have not already done
         | steps to preserve those temples?
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | We get told about Islam preserving greek thought/history. Did
           | Islam not do the same for Indian thought/history?
        
             | christkv wrote:
             | The main preservation of greek texts was the byzantine
             | empire not the Arab world. If you take a second to think
             | about it was the Greek Roman Empire. Until it fell it was
             | the heart of the knowledge of Rome and Greece.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | What's the current state in the field? I suppose there must be
         | some preservation attempts already going on, even if they need
         | more resources.
         | 
         | I'm surprised at the response you got, which seems like...
         | skepticism bordering on hostility. Is there a reason this
         | should be a hot button issue? (Please excuse my ignorance, if
         | it is at all redemptive, it isn't India-specific I just don't
         | know anything about archeology in general, haha).
        
           | jelliclesfarm wrote:
           | Politics. A lot of items of archeological significance was
           | looted by the British and many were smuggled out.
           | 
           | During Mughal invasions, the priests buried the idols and
           | inscriptions and many were drowned for safe keeping. As many
           | rural areas are being developed, these are all coming out.
           | 
           | Current state is politics ( at least in the southern states)
           | is such that all Hindu temples are under the control of the
           | state. The corrupt ruling parties have claimed all the
           | revenues and have appropriated land that used to belong to
           | temples and were rented out for services. Temples used to run
           | schools and fed the needy population as the land donated by
           | the rulers and they were essentially outsourcing the work to
           | the temples. This was interrupted during the 250 years of
           | colonial rule when the British eliminated kingdoms.
           | 
           | Further complicating the issue are the other religionists of
           | Islam and Christianity who have strong conversion agendas and
           | are being funded by foreign interests.
           | 
           | For example. The issue of the WAQF board of Islam. Recently
           | this came up in the news : [..]The Tamil Nadu Waqf Board has
           | claimed ownership of the 1500-year-old Manendiyavalli
           | Chandrashekhara Swami temple land. The temple has 369 acres
           | of property in and around Tiruchenthurai village in the
           | Tiruchi District of Tamil Nadu.[..]
           | 
           | How is it possible that a 1500 year old temple can be owned
           | by a religious board that is younger than the temple?
           | 
           | And I found this article:
           | https://organiser.org/2023/01/30/106679/bharat/106679/.. it
           | was specific to that region but spoke about the WAQF Board.
           | 
           | And I had to learn what the WAQF board was and learn more
           | from here:https://www.opindia.com/2022/09/waqf-boards-india-
           | properties...
           | 
           | [..]The very literal meaning of Waqf is detention or
           | confinement and prohibition. As per Islam, it is the property
           | that is now available only for religious or charitable
           | purposes, and any other use or sale of the property is
           | prohibited. As per Sharia law, once Waqf is established, and
           | the property is dedicated to Waqf, it remains as Waqf
           | property forever.
           | 
           | Waqf means that the ownership of the property is now taken
           | away from the person making Waqf and transferred and detained
           | by Allah. As per Sharia, this property is now permanently
           | dedicated to Allah, making Waqf irrevocable in nature.
           | 
           | 'Waqif' is a person who creates a waqf for the beneficiary.
           | As Waqf properties are bestowed upon Allah, in the absence of
           | a physically tangible entity, a 'mutawalli' is appointed by
           | the waqif, or by a competent authority, to manage or
           | administer a Waqf.
           | 
           | The history of Waqf and Waqf Boards in India
           | 
           | In India, the history of Waqf can be traced back to the early
           | days of the Delhi Sultanate when Sultan Muizuddin Sam Ghaor
           | dedicated two villages in favour of the Jama Masjid of Multan
           | and handed its administration to Shaikhul Islam. As the Delhi
           | Sultanate and later Islamic dynasties flourished in India,
           | the number of Waqf properties kept increasing in India.[..]
           | 
           | I am still diving into that rabbithole. And I don't think
           | it's relevant to post here.
           | 
           | Back to the topic.. I would prefer if Hindu artifacts and
           | texts and ancient Indian history remains hidden. It is not a
           | safe space out there because even though India is allegedly a
           | Hindu majority country, there are strong interests to wish to
           | erase the Hindu identity of India and weaken the only
           | polytheistic faith that managed to survive millennia.
           | 
           | In the article, there were artifacts that depicted Hindu
           | Gods(Krishna, Balaram and Ekanamsa)but the word Hindu did not
           | occur even once. Sadly, it only confirmed my suspicion that
           | western academia wants to erase Hindu history.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | "I would prefer if Hindu artifacts and texts and ancient
             | Indian history remains hidden. It is not a safe space out
             | there because even though India is allegedly a Hindu
             | majority country, there are strong interests to wish to
             | erase the Hindu identity of India"
             | 
             | So to preserve "the Hindu identity of India" important
             | parts of that story should remain hidden, rather than
             | scanned and distributed more? (we were talking about
             | documents here)
             | 
             | That does not make much sense to me. Also when you say "the
             | Hindu identity of India" it sounds a bit absolutistic to
             | me. Hinduism is no doubt a important part of india, but
             | maybe not the only one?
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | The temples are places of worship for Hindu deities. If
               | that's not Hindu identity, what is?
               | 
               | India is Hindu. Hinduism was a term coined later for
               | Sanatana Dharma that was based on Vedism, the study and
               | worship of Vedas.
               | 
               | It included all forms of worship under one umbrella. It
               | worked out well as a diverse society with one identity
               | until monotheistic Abrahamic faiths and their adherents
               | came as invaders and colonizers.
               | 
               | For most of the rest of the world, a few hundred years
               | ago is ancient history. For India, it goes back thousands
               | of years. And that is the identity of India. Everything
               | else is imported and new.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | So Buddhism is included in Hinduism in your perspective?
               | 
               | Because I know many disagree to that. I also know it is
               | not one of the "monotheistic Abrahamic faiths".
               | 
               | And the muslims might have come as invaders, but the
               | islamic faith is still present in india since over 1200
               | years. You might not like it, but most think that
               | qualifies as being part of that land by now.
               | 
               | Same im europe. Christian faith came mostly by the sword.
               | It is still part of european culture now.
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | No. Buddhism is not Hinduism. Buddhists are not Hindus.
               | 
               | Perhaps what you say is true. But Hinduism came from
               | India and most of the world's Hindus live in India.
               | 
               | One would expect India will declare Hinduism as their
               | official religion as they should.
               | 
               | When a nation's religious majority is unable to defend
               | its rights, then it's an invasion. It can be by the sword
               | or by conversion. It's still a displacement and
               | replacement strategy. Indian Hindus are waking up to it.
               | About time.
               | 
               | There is no country in the world where Hinduism is the
               | official religion. Even India where 79% of the population
               | are Hindus.
               | 
               | Nepal used to be the only Hindu nation in the world but
               | that changed recently during the Maoist insurgency.
               | 
               | Who knows. We will have to wait and see.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "One would expect India will declare Hinduism as their
               | official religion as they should."
               | 
               | Well, apparently Buddhists, Muslims, Christians, Pagans
               | and Atheists would strongly disagree. Secularism was
               | invented for a reason.
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | It's not working in India. It's not working there. We'll
               | see what happens.
               | 
               | Why shouldn't one billion Hindus have a Hindu nation?
               | There is no country in the world that has Hinduism as
               | official religion.
               | 
               | Religious conversions and by extension, secularism is a
               | form of colonization.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | It is working in europe.
               | 
               | Yes, there are people who want many european states to
               | become officially christian again. But they are a
               | minority and hopefully stay that.
               | 
               | I am fine with small states choosing a official religion.
               | People can then more easily choose to also get away.
               | 
               | But not a big continent, or a country as big as whole
               | india. Because that creates tension as many do not want
               | their life dominated by a religion they do not believe
               | in.
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | What do you mean 'it's working in Europe?
               | 
               | The dominant and official state religion in Europe is
               | mostly Christianity.
               | 
               | [..]Europe
               | 
               | Christianity (Eastern Orthodox)
               | 
               | 1. Belarus 2. Bulgaria 3. Cyprus 4. Georgia 5. Greece 6.
               | Moldova 7. Montenegro 8. North Macedonia 9. Russia 10.
               | Serbia
               | 
               | Christianity (Roman Catholicism)
               | 
               | 1. Andorra 2. Austria 3. Belgium 4. Bosnia and
               | Herzegovina (also Islam) 5. Croatia 6. Czech Republic 7.
               | France 8. Hungary 9. Italy 10. Latvia 11. Lithuania 12.
               | Luxembourg 13. Malta 14. Monaco 15. Poland 16. Portugal
               | 17. Slovakia 18. Slovenia 19. Spain 20. Switzerland
               | 
               | Christianity (Protestantism)
               | 
               | 1. Denmark 2. Estonia 3. Finland 4. Germany 5. Iceland 6.
               | Netherlands 7. Norway 8. Sweden 9. United Kingdom
               | (Anglican)
               | 
               | Mixed/Other
               | 
               | 1. Albania (Islam and Christianity) 2. Kosovo (Islam and
               | Christianity) [..]
        
               | jeromegv wrote:
               | For anyone reading this thread, this person is lying and
               | trying to push a narrative, it's quite clear what's going
               | on here.
               | 
               | You're confusing, likely intentionally, between dominant
               | religion and official religion, which is what you are
               | advocating for. There's no official religion in France
               | for example and many of the countries you listed.
               | 
               | This person tries to push the narrative that only one
               | religion matter in India and the rest don't, while
               | clearly we are talking of hundreds of millions of people
               | that are not Hindu.
        
               | wslh wrote:
               | Clearly your use of Abrahamic faiths is not fair in this
               | context when the root of Abrahamic faith is Judaism and
               | it is also an old religion as Hinduism.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | You realize that there's more than one waqf board for
             | different sects right?
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | No. Please enlighten what the WAQF board does and what it
               | means..
        
         | ErigmolCt wrote:
         | The preservation of ancient manuscripts in India is not just a
         | cultural imperative but also a scholarly necessity.
        
       | oriettaxx wrote:
       | military air force base just there
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Banas
        
       | empath75 wrote:
       | While a lot of these finds are new and wonderful, especially that
       | sanskrit inscription, the connections between the civilizations
       | weren't exactly hidden. There are references to Hindus and
       | Buddhists sprinkled throughout Greek histories, there were Greco-
       | Buddhist kingdoms in what's now Afghanistan, Ashoka sent
       | missionaries with his Buddhist edicts far west and had them
       | translated into Greek and Aramaic.
       | 
       | I think the development of Christianity and later Greek
       | philosophy has _clear_ signs of influence from Buddhism, and I'm
       | sure the influence was bidirectional. These people talked to each
       | other and they argued with each other and learned from each
       | other. Egypt in particular was a wildly religiously inventive
       | melting pot, and the Hermetic and Gnostic texts _especially_ have
       | signs of influence from eastern religion, and if there were
       | active Buddhist communities in Berineke that were presumably
       | proselytizing, that makes a lot of sense.
       | 
       | I think a lot of people sort of make the assumption that because
       | there are core differences between the religions that there is no
       | influence, but sometimes doctrines only become settled through
       | opposition. It's not always "Yes, and", sometimes it's "yes,
       | but", and the popularity of certain ideas (for example the idea
       | of salvation through personal enlightment) could force various
       | sects to adapt and find similarities, while also differentiating
       | themselves. Christianity is obviously not buddhism or an offshoot
       | of Buddhism, but that doesn't mean that aspects of it weren't a
       | reaction to encounters with Buddhist ideas.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | It's humbling to think of how the pathways of accepted history
         | get blinded by the suppression, or more likely disregard for
         | information that doesn't align with the framework of religious
         | or cultural belief. Makes you wonder about what things that are
         | crucial and important to us now will be in the dustbin 500
         | years from now!
         | 
         | I was hooked to "Age of Empires" as a kid. I remember asking a
         | teachers and others if Alexander the Great invaded India, and
         | the Romans were building walls in Scotland, why didn't they
         | bother visiting anyone in India, Ethiopia, etc.
         | 
         | The answers were always unsatisfactory to me... I'm glad people
         | are pursuing this knowledge.
        
         | FlyingSnake wrote:
         | "The shape of the ancient thought" by Thomas McEvilley goes
         | deeper into this:
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/925680
        
         | pegasus wrote:
         | Very true. For example, Buddha literally made it into Christian
         | tradition, as Saint Josaphat of India:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlaam_and_Josaphat
        
         | christkv wrote:
         | There was even an Indian Greek kingdom
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom
        
         | Bluestein wrote:
         | > Ashoka sent missionaries with his Buddhist edicts far west
         | and had them translated into Greek and Aramaic
         | 
         | Smart guy.-
        
       | vardhanw wrote:
       | Seems like the fact of a large India-Egypt trade link via the red
       | sea was known atleast a year back, and specifically this evidence
       | from Berenike. This [0] link describes the author William
       | Dalrymple talking about it and also about his book [1] which is
       | already out, which presumably covers this in more detail. A lot
       | of Indian scholars are (re)discovering Indic history and we can
       | expect much more of ancient India specific history to come out,
       | which was unknown or has been forgotten over the ages, given the
       | ancient nature of the Indian civilization.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/indias-
       | anc... [1] https://www.amazon.com/Golden-Road-Ancient-India-
       | Transformed...
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > A lot of Indian scholars are (re)discovering Indic history
         | and we can expect much more of ancient India specific history
         | to come out, which was unknown or has been forgotten over the
         | ages, given the ancient nature of the Indian civilization.
         | 
         | This, there are also very real links connecting famous
         | civilizations of the Ancient Near East such as the Sumerians
         | with the Dravidians of South India.
        
           | lacy_tinpot wrote:
           | "Dravidian of South India"
           | 
           | Isn't this the same thing as saying "Chai-Tea"? As
           | "Dravidian" already means "Southern". Dravida = South in
           | Sanskrit.
        
             | daseiner1 wrote:
             | Yes, but it's context for folks unfamiliar with Dravidians.
             | And yes, said folks do have devices to quickly look up
             | these things as well :)
        
           | FlyingSnake wrote:
           | Isn't Dravidian a language family (like Sino-Tibetan/Uralic)
           | and not an ethnicity?
           | 
           | AFAIK no South Indian empire like Rasthrakuta or Satavahan
           | called themselves Dravidian.
        
             | trueismywork wrote:
             | ASI vs ANI
        
         | reidacdc wrote:
         | Slightly OT, but if you are interested in this sort of thing,
         | William Dalrymple and Anita Anand co-host the Empire podcast,
         | which has many episodes and guests and recommended reading
         | covering lots of ancient history.
         | 
         | I'm not affiliated with it, I'm just a fan.
         | 
         | https://www.goalhangerpodcasts.com/empire
        
         | trompetenaccoun wrote:
         | Another month, another article falsely claiming that these
         | trade routes haven't been known for years. It's also not
         | limited to India-Egypt. The Greeks traded with Ancient
         | Ethiopia. As did the Romans, who also traded with India and
         | even as far as China. That sea route through the Arabian Gulf
         | has been well established for millennia.
        
       | jagged-chisel wrote:
       | () replaces "between"
       | 
       | Which shorthand is this?
        
         | jagged-chisel wrote:
         | The title changed and this comment makes no sense. The title
         | was "...reveals connections () distant civilizations" where the
         | word 'between' was replaced with '()'
        
       | cut3 wrote:
       | Photos of the buddha that was discussed in the article and not
       | shown: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berenike_Buddha
        
         | complaintdept wrote:
         | Somewhat relevant, Greco-Roman Buddhas from the same period:
         | 
         | htps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art
        
         | gradientsrneat wrote:
         | The picture is in the article, but nice to know there's a
         | Wikipedia page.
        
       | Ozzie_osman wrote:
       | Not directly related, but that whole area of the Red Sea in
       | southern Egypt is gorgeous (Berenike aka Berenice, Marsa Allam,
       | etc). Far away from the more crowded spots of Egypt. Scuba diving
       | that in my opinion rivals or exceeds the Great Barrier Reef.
       | Great for kitesurfing as well.
        
         | hawk_ wrote:
         | How safe is it given the politics of the place?
        
       | ErigmolCt wrote:
       | Wow! The extent and sophistication of ancient trade routes
        
       | more_corn wrote:
       | Oh, port. Not portal. Never mind.
        
       | checker659 wrote:
       | Travelling with the Ancients by Dr. Shailendra Bhandare :
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grtom6O4jv8
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | History is fascinating. It's fairly common knowledge in academia
       | there are sites in East Africa derived from Buddhist use with
       | Indic names. The article touches on south-west subcontinental
       | trading ports, mentioning Pattanam just north of modern Kochi in
       | Kerala. I traveled there in 2011 (shortly after accidentally
       | experiencing the start of the _Arab Spring_ revolution in
       | Tunisia!) when we were starting _Kraken_ , and with a background
       | in ancient Chinese history and many years in China, I was
       | impressed to see many active cantilevered fishing structures
       | erected in bamboo[0]: just the same as you can see today in some
       | parts of China. There's also a theory that the monk who
       | introduced Kung Fu in China was actually teaching an established
       | martial art from this same region of Kerala (of course this is
       | not entertained in China for political reasons, it makes a lot of
       | sense). Most of Southeast Asia owes heavy cultural debts to
       | southern Indian seafaring, as typified by the Borobodur bas-
       | relief boat carving showing outriggers associated with southern
       | India ("katthu-maram" = "two sticks tied together" = catamaran =
       | technology which powered Austronesian seafaring)[1].
       | Incidentally, the very name China itself was asserted by a
       | prominent historian to be possibly derived from an Indic name for
       | a tribal confederation in Yunnan/Guizhou/Guangxi, Yelang.[2]
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.outlooktraveller.com/experiences/heritage/chines...
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur_ship [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinas
        
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