[HN Gopher] Anatomy of a cryptocurrency scam
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       Anatomy of a cryptocurrency scam
        
       Author : atilla_bilgic
       Score  : 84 points
       Date   : 2024-06-29 16:22 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (practicalsecurity.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (practicalsecurity.substack.com)
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | lots of scams are able to continue by getting the victim to do
       | things they wouldn't report to the police, or even to their
       | relatives out of embarrassment
       | 
       | although I think it is an interesting idea that scammers
       | intentionally make typos and absurdities, just to weed out
       | discerning people in favor of easier victims, I think there is a
       | larger market for meticulous more legitimate looking scams as
       | well
       | 
       | this one fits somewhere in between
        
         | Algemarin wrote:
         | > I think it is an interesting idea that scammers intentionally
         | make typos and absurdities, just to weed out discerning people
         | in favor of easier victims
         | 
         | This is an apocryphal anecdote or theory that gets passed
         | around, but I'm not sure how true it actually is, and certainly
         | not universally true. In that, I think scammers are way more
         | likely to just make typos than to setup an elaborate low-level
         | target filter. Regardless, I've also never actually seen
         | scammers admit to this.
        
           | the_snooze wrote:
           | https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/why-
           | do-...
        
             | Algemarin wrote:
             | This is exactly the kind of thing I was talking about,
             | taken to an extreme. A lot of theorizing about ROC curves
             | and optimal operating point formulae, and absolutely no
             | empirical, qualitative evidence (such as any interviews
             | with actual scammers).
             | 
             | For example, there is no actual sample data provided to
             | substantiate even the premise, let alone the conclusion of
             | this claim:
             | 
             | > In choosing a wording to dissuade all but the likeliest
             | prospects the scammer reveals a great sensitivity to false
             | positives.
        
               | bediger4000 wrote:
               | Thanks for being more eloquent about critiquing that
               | paper than I could be. But that leaves the observation
               | about grammar and spelling in spams and scams
               | unexplained. How should we explain scams terrible
               | presentation?
        
               | teractiveodular wrote:
               | Occam's razor: the messages are created by the uneducated
               | dregs of society in countries where English is not a
               | first language, and that's the best they can do.
        
         | alwa wrote:
         | Although sometimes, rarely, the victim confesses their
         | embarrassing actions as a warning to others in a well-written
         | firsthand perspective in a national newsmagazine [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.thecut.com/article/amazon-scam-call-ftc-
         | arrest-w...
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | I doubt the veracity of that story. No real evidence, and it
           | reads like a creative writing exercise. Did the editors even
           | fact check it?
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | I suggest you the following exercise to see it with your own
       | eyes: enter a Telegram channel on a top 100 cryptocurrency, say
       | that you are trying to recover your wallet and...
       | 
       | Suddenly a lot of scammer will contact you in less than 5' with
       | techniques that you cannot imagine are real. For example,
       | telegram handles with the same name as the channel admin but
       | using unicode characters to make tou think it is the same
       | account.
        
         | TheDudeMan wrote:
         | What is the standard solution to this type of phish? This
         | problem did not exist in the ASCII world, of course. Unicode is
         | useful, but what is the best way to prevent this malicious use
         | of it?
        
           | omneity wrote:
           | This problem extends beyond character encoding. The average
           | joe (and not so average alike) seems to have a hard time to
           | distinguish official channels from non-official scammy ones,
           | even more so when the official channel doesn't exist on a
           | given platform ("we don't offer support via Telegram" kind of
           | situations). Cue in some greed as well and you got a perfect
           | recipe for disaster.
           | 
           | The root issue is the lack of skepticism and verification. At
           | the same time humans have limited energy and verifying
           | everything causes significant fatigue over time, so the
           | problem might as well be intractable.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | It's not about average Joes, it's about large numbers. If
             | the scam works on 1/100 people in the US, that's 4 million
             | people. If you're automating pitching it to 500 people a
             | day, that's 5 wins a day. If your average haul is $500,
             | that's $2500 a day. That's $900K a year.
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | I do think it's good for certain things to be ASCII-only.
           | People will say it's Americentrism or Anglo-Saxon-centrism.
           | Ok so be it. Make the account handles and email addresses not
           | inclusive and ASCII-only.
        
         | irusensei wrote:
         | Reminds me of an elaborate reverse scam where the person asking
         | for help have some USDT or other tokens on that ethereum
         | address and a script to immediately swipe the funds the scammer
         | will use for gas.
        
       | Algemarin wrote:
       | This scam is successful because it is predicated on the same
       | appeal that ventures like lotteries, sweepstakes, slot machines,
       | or giveaways have (albeit accentuated with a seemingly guaranteed
       | win, that these other ventures don't have): the belief that you
       | can just luck into a giant treasure chest of money by expanding
       | minimal effort.
       | 
       | Broadly, this is a modern version of what's known as an advance-
       | fee fraud, which has been around for hundreds of years - paying a
       | small amount upfront (hence the 'advance fee') under pretense of
       | receiving a much larger amount later.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | The difference is that while lotteries and casinos are out to
         | take your money they're at least honest about it. If you win
         | they'll pay out in real money. They're not rug pull scams.
        
           | Algemarin wrote:
           | The dishonesty lies in obfuscating the actual odds of
           | winning, making the honesty about the payout a moot point as
           | it's not particularly applicable for most entrants.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Where is the obfuscation? Most lotteries post the odds
             | right on the main game page. What more do you want?
             | 
             | https://www.calottery.com/draw-games/superlotto-
             | plus#section...
        
               | Algemarin wrote:
               | > What more do you want?
               | 
               | For it to be clear how unrealistic the odds are. They're
               | not exactly broadcasting "you're 40 times more likely to
               | be struck by lightning than to win the jackpot", instead
               | their site screams "Millions Could Be Yours!". That is
               | the dishonesty and obfuscation. Millions _could_ be
               | yours, but they are very unlikely to be yours, in fact
               | realistically approaching zero. While advance fee scams
               | say "millions will definitely be yours", with the odds
               | being absolutely zero. But neither are meaningful odds.
               | 
               | Though regardless, my original point wasn't about odds
               | but about the lure and the appeal of both of these
               | things: the potential for getting a lot of money for
               | doing virtually nothing (other than spending a bit of
               | money up front).
        
               | Calavar wrote:
               | At a certain point it falls to personal accountability. A
               | would be lottery ticket buyer can get all that info in 30
               | seconds by googling "How likely am I win to win the
               | lottery?" If they don't do that, that's on them.
               | 
               | Advance fee scams are different because 1) they are
               | telling outright falsehoods and 2) they come cloaked in a
               | broad variety of disguises, which means that a naive web
               | search is not guaranteed to unveil the deception
        
               | Algemarin wrote:
               | A user can just as easily identify a scam such as the one
               | in this post by also taking 30 seconds to do a web search
               | for some phrasing from the email.
               | 
               | And "if they don't do that, that's on them"? This is
               | victim blaming in both cases.
        
       | isawczuk wrote:
       | If it was not a scam, you are ok to steal someone's savings.
       | Maybe those type of scams are instant karma?
        
         | grotorea wrote:
         | "You can't cheat an honest man"
         | 
         | But there are plenty of cryptocurrency scams that don't require
         | that. Just some place that looks like an exchange but is
         | actually a money hole.
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | Yeah, that expression is how people protect themselves. "Of
           | course you got hurt. You were dishonest. It therefore cannot
           | happen to me."
           | 
           | Honest people get cheated every day.
        
             | grotorea wrote:
             | Oh sure but at least honest people can avoid being swindled
             | by this stuff or falling for some types of pump and dump or
             | pyramid schemes.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | First ingredient is the scumbag itself
        
       | georgeecollins wrote:
       | One thing I feel like I have learned from Reddit/ TikTok is the
       | average person is terrible with money. Some VCs argue we should
       | lower the bar to investing to democrative it. I am all for
       | democracy, but maybe we would be better served if the average
       | person didn't try to be a tycoon.
        
         | SkipperCat wrote:
         | One of workplace tragedy in America is how we moved from
         | professionally managed pensions to individual 401k retirement
         | plans. Most folks have no business deciding asset allocation,
         | managing risk, etc.
        
           | virtue3 wrote:
           | good thing the investment firms kept the fees the same tho :)
        
           | pizzalife wrote:
           | Most 401ks will just default to a target date fund, which is
           | usually a total market stock ETF + bonds. That will certainly
           | perform better than most actively managed pension funds.
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | But worse than the defined benefit pensions that 401k's
             | were leveraged to replace.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | Two types of people: those who have money and those who have
         | yet to be separated from it.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | Aren't those one and the same group?
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | I think the tricky thing is the distinction between:
         | 
         | (A) Democratization: Let everyone participate as individuals on
         | a freshly equalized playing field that was previously so
         | slanted they couldn't even _try._
         | 
         | (B) Democratization: Encourage lots of small disorganized
         | weaker players into the market as _unwitting prey_ for existing
         | interests that have already established themselves with
         | regulatory or competitive edges that they retain /maintain
         | indefinitely.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | _P.S.:_ A closely-related rant over another situation
           | involving market-access and devil-in-the-details: Various
           | attempts to  "privatize social security" often with the pitch
           | of "giving individuals more control."
           | 
           | In this case I'm not focused on whether individuals can act
           | wisely, but rather that such plans often means replacing an
           | _insurance policy_ with an _investment account_. Those two
           | kinds of financial instruments have _extremely_ different
           | features, benefits, and risks!
           | 
           | So even if believe that's a great idea, be be suspicious of
           | anybody who seems to be trying to hide that aspect of their
           | plan from the public, since it means they're trying to get
           | voters to make an _un_ informed choice.
        
             | greentxt wrote:
             | Well, if the privatized version doesn't allow other people
             | to take my money away from me at the point of a gun and
             | give it to other people, using the state's proverbial
             | "monopoly on violence" it doesnt seem like a very fair
             | comparison. Apples and oranges. Maybe that was your
             | implicit point?
        
         | pants2 wrote:
         | As it turns out, the accredited investor rule (>$1M liquid
         | assets) isn't to filter for savvy investors, it's to make sure
         | you can still land on your feet after your investment
         | disappears.
        
       | smeej wrote:
       | This is...not realistic on any level. I've been professionally
       | investigating cryptocurrency scams/thefts/fraud since 2017.
       | 
       | This is at least twice as convoluted a process as is necessary to
       | separate people from millions and millions of dollars in
       | cryptocurrencies if the site stays up for a week. People don't
       | bother spinning up stuff like this when the easy stuff works just
       | fine.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | Yeah a fake livestream of Elon Musk or Mike Saylor still makes
         | hundreds of thousands of dollars/day undetected and untraced,
         | no FBI involvement or arrests at all, still going strong to
         | this day. Why waste time with this crap.
        
           | redorb wrote:
           | I've been reporting fake tesla and space x accounts so often
           | on youtube - that I eventually wrote a script to copy and
           | past into the report.
           | 
           | Most of the time they do get removed - sometimes successfully
           | before the QRcode is displayed. They even bot the streams so
           | it appears like 30-40k people are watching creating 'social
           | proof'
        
         | dullcrisp wrote:
         | But don't you want to buy the book to learn how not to fall for
         | these scams?
        
         | landryraccoon wrote:
         | I'm curious, do you advertise your services to the public? I
         | have a relative who's been victimized by a cryptocurrency scam.
         | Would you mind if I contacted you about it?
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | As a counterpoint it is very realistic. If you ever launch a
         | token and run your own telegram channel, all sorts of
         | specialists come out the woodwork with extremely convoluted
         | schemes
         | 
         | The sad thing is that the legitimate ones look just like the
         | illegitimate ones
         | 
         | My first top exchange listing was through a DM
         | 
         | I've done partnerships with no name exchanges that turned out
         | fine, also initiated over unsolicited DM
         | 
         | been scammed a few times by people that didnt deliver, and had
         | no intention to
         | 
         | both the legit and illegit ones have no references because
         | their clients are all other token projects whose community
         | needs to feel everything happened organically
         | 
         | scammers take advantage of this desire for secrecy
         | 
         | it's really just all about niche and specialization
        
       | MaintenanceMode wrote:
       | smart enough to do all that, but not smart enough to spot the
       | scam? LOL!
        
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