[HN Gopher] Navigating Starlink's FCC Paper Trail
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       Navigating Starlink's FCC Paper Trail
        
       Author : DanAtC
       Score  : 113 points
       Date   : 2024-06-26 06:26 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.apnic.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.apnic.net)
        
       | Culonavirus wrote:
       | > they're clearly not the kind of company that takes people on
       | factory tours to proudly show off how they make and run things
       | 
       | ??? SpaceX is certainly the most open space corp out there, by a
       | mile. I mean they're still a private for profit company that has
       | to follow ITAR rules, but compared to their competition, they're
       | extremely open. Anyone following Starship development can see
       | that. Just the fact that they even gave a tour (twice!) to the
       | Everyday Astronaut, with Raptor closeups and everything...
       | Imagine Blue Origin or Boeing doing something like that. Yea,
       | right.
        
         | bahmboo wrote:
         | He is speaking about Starlink, not SpaceX. The whole sentence
         | wasn't phrased correctly but that's what he meant.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | Starlink gives factory tours as part of the interview
           | process. A guy I know who didn't even get hired saw the sat
           | assembly line in the Seattle area.
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | How bad was the interview process up until then? If it's
             | not too bad, it might be worth interviewing to get the
             | tour...
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | Boeing gives multiple daily tours in their Everett Washington
         | based airplane manufacturing facility. They have a public
         | museum next to the facility which is where you buy tickets to
         | the tour and wait for the tour shuttle. I've taken the tour and
         | it's cool!
         | 
         | That said I've not heard of any tours for their space
         | manufacturing facility, though they might offer them.
        
           | wildzzz wrote:
           | Space manufacturing centers generally offer tours but not for
           | the general public. It's more like a friends and family sort
           | of deal. Even my uncle got to go inside Endeavor in the early
           | 2000s as he was friends with a QA manager of the shuttle
           | program.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Satellites and spaceships are classified as weapons, tours
           | that actually showed anything to the general public without
           | some solid verification would be a serious crime. You'd have
           | to be a "US Person" which means generally at least green card
           | or a citizen of a friendly country.
           | 
           | Like if you gave a tour to a Chinese citizen you could well
           | be guilty of exporting protected technology.
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | When I was a kid my dad took me to "take your kid to work
             | day" at Lockheed. I think they hid the secret stuff
             | somewhere where visitors wouldn't find them.
        
               | Ylpertnodi wrote:
               | Mar-el-Lago?
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | Unlike politicians, the military + contractors take their
               | responsibilities re. controlled information relatively
               | seriously. The normal practice is to not have anything
               | that is clearance-controlled sitting out anyway (it's
               | usually stored behind extra levels of security scaled to
               | the secrecy), and to control access to that information
               | on a fairly granular level. Visitors to those facilities
               | (of a variety of clearance backgrounds) are regular, so
               | anything beyond ITAR (which you, as the child of an ITAR-
               | accessible employee, and thus likely a US citizen/green
               | card holder would have had access to) is going to be
               | locked up by default.
        
               | HumblyTossed wrote:
               | Having grown up in North FL, I've been on a few military
               | ships for friends and family day. This is pretty much
               | exactly what they do. You're only allowed where they tell
               | you to be and they have people watching to make sure you
               | follow the rules.
               | 
               | If anyone gets the chance to go out on a carrier, do so.
               | Pretty neat stuff.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | I interned at a Lockheed facility (which is now a nice
               | strip mall). The classified things are behind closed
               | doors or in your computers. The labs where you'd work on
               | classified equipment were behind coded doors, so they
               | just wouldn't take anybody there. They really checked
               | too. One time I was waiting for my friend to finish
               | something in a non-classified lab that still had the code
               | on the door. I was literally falling asleep for a couple
               | of hours doing nothing so I decided not to charge those
               | hours. A few weeks later my manager invited me into his
               | office to reprimand me for _not_ charging the hours
               | because they audited the doors and knew where I was for
               | how long. I got overtime because they tracked what was
               | going on so well.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > You'd have to be a "US Person" which means generally at
             | least green card or a citizen of a friendly country.
             | 
             | Under ITAR, "US Person" means US citizen or green card
             | holder. (And a few other obscure categories, such as
             | individuals granted refugee status by the US government.)
             | Export to citizens of friendly countries (who don't have
             | green cards or dual US citizenship) requires an export
             | license. I heard some talk they might exclude Australian
             | citizens from this rule as part of AUKUS (although even
             | there I don't know if it would apply to space stuff, since
             | space ain't got nothing to do with nuclear submarines), but
             | right now no ally is excluded.
             | 
             | > Like if you gave a tour to a Chinese citizen you could
             | well be guilty of exporting protected technology.
             | 
             | From what I understand, theoretically speaking you are okay
             | if they have a green card, or dual US-Chinese citizenship.
             | How well the theory holds up in practice, I don't know.
             | (Technically China bans dual citizenship-however, if a
             | Chinese citizen naturalises into the citizenship of another
             | country, what happens if they don't tell the PRC government
             | they did it? And even if they do tell the PRC government,
             | although PRC law says the government has to cancel their
             | Chinese passport, the PRC government is free to ignore its
             | own laws whenever it wants to.)
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | There are generally exceptions to US Person status for
               | dual citizens, especially those from "Designated
               | countries" which include China, Iran, etc currently.
               | These exceptions apply on a per-center, per-project basis
               | IIRC, but include blanket bans on NASA collaboration /
               | exchange, which would include private tours of the kind
               | being discussed.
               | 
               | https://www.nasa.gov/wp-
               | content/uploads/2023/08/designated-c...
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | >From what I understand, theoretically speaking you are
               | okay
               | 
               | One does not rely on theory when you could spend a decade
               | in prison for interpreting it wrong. For edge cases you'd
               | better consult your compliance lawyer, your state
               | department contact, and your god before making
               | assumptions. Exports do happen all the time and there's a
               | pretty open culture of declaring them. Usually it's a
               | matter of an email getting sent to the wrong person and
               | actually harmless which comes with an administrative
               | bitch slap from the state department and maybe a moderate
               | fine (like 5 digits, enough to get somebody's attention
               | but in the way a parking ticket does). If you're brazen
               | or particularly foolish or there's real harm though...
        
           | a-dub wrote:
           | too bad they've been kneecapped by the business casual
           | crowd...
        
             | nvy wrote:
             | >the business casual crowd...
             | 
             | The what now?
        
               | dullcrisp wrote:
               | The Khaki Pants Mafia, The No. 2 Pencil Pushers, Auntie
               | Plaid, you know...
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | I don't think fashion has much to do with it.
        
               | nvy wrote:
               | I have no idea to which group you're referring.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | Airplane manufacture has a different export rating than
           | spacecraft manufacture, thus (probably) the different posture
           | re: tours. For example, at JPL (where I used to work / give
           | tours), there's a multi-day lead time for background checks
           | on visitors if they intend to enter any location not pre-
           | cleared for tours. E.g., looking at equipment or actual
           | manufacturing.
        
         | rblatz wrote:
         | I've toured the SpaceX factory in Hawthorne, it was pretty
         | cool. Was inches away from a guy cranking a wrench on a
         | previously flown rocket engine, it was extremely cool.
        
           | Ylpertnodi wrote:
           | ...Two cool, dude, two cool.
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | Its actually ULA that tends to be the most transparent. It just
         | doesn't show as much as they aren't doing nearly as much. But
         | yes, Blue Origin is strangely secretive.
        
           | esskay wrote:
           | Gotta be secretive when you've got nothing to show. Keeps the
           | illusion of progress in place.
        
             | engineer_22 wrote:
             | speculation
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | True. But why should they be that open? I imagine SpaceX has
         | quite a bit of intellectual property that is non trivial that
         | they don't necessarily want to just hand over to their
         | competition. They are doing quite a few cool things with radios
         | in star link that I imagine are very valuable technology.
         | 
         | I watched the latest interviews of Everyday Astronaut over the
         | weekend. Very nice deep dive in the current state of star ship
         | and all the tech involved with that. But there were clearly a
         | few details that Elon wasn't ready to discuss. Which is
         | understandable.
         | 
         | As for the question at the end of the article. The FCC is a
         | federal institution with jurisdiction in the US. SpaceX
         | operates a global network of satellites that covers most of the
         | planet. So, going through the ITU seems like it's not a strange
         | move. They'll need approval from more than just the FCC to
         | operate those 30K satellites, which presumably is what those
         | large nice Starships that they are producing rapidly now are
         | going to be delivering to orbit.
        
           | detritus wrote:
           | If my memory serves, there were at least a couple of
           | blurred/pixellated details in that.
           | 
           | What I also noticed is a change in Musk from early Everyday
           | Astronaut interviews, where rather than tackling the mention
           | of competing technologies or methodologies witha reasoned
           | argument as to why they weren't going that route, he'd clamp
           | up and a few minutes later respond clearly slighted by the
           | proposition.
           | 
           | Musk has always been a bit of a hard listen, but I found this
           | last EA interview really hard to get through.
        
             | golol wrote:
             | I think Musk just wanted to make the point that there are
             | many ways to achieve rapid and reliable reusability but
             | they have chosen this one, they are laser focused on making
             | it work, and they know they can make it work. So other ways
             | of doing things are actually not important to him right
             | now.
        
             | modeless wrote:
             | The blurring is for ITAR compliance. It's not SpaceX
             | policy, it's government policy.
             | 
             | My impression from the latest interview was that Elon has
             | not been as directly involved in SpaceX technical decisions
             | since buying Twitter and spending a bunch of time on that
             | instead. So he was less able to engage on technical
             | questions.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | ULA/Tory Bruno has definitely given tours to YouTubers as well
        
           | apendleton wrote:
           | As have Rocket Lab, Firefly, Astra (RIP probably), Stoke,
           | Relativity, Spin Launch if that counts, and probably others.
        
         | cbanek wrote:
         | When I worked there, you could take your family on a tour (if
         | they were a US Citizen). There was no problem as long as people
         | didn't touch anything on the factory floor. But things may have
         | changed.
        
         | water-your-self wrote:
         | Spacex gave me a factory tour when I was applying so I have an
         | anecdote in direct counter
        
         | AdamJacobMuller wrote:
         | In fairness, ULA has done that too.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0fG_lnVhHw
         | 
         | Also literally everything Destin/SmarterEveryDay puts online is
         | worth watching.
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | > One wonders whether SpaceX's recent ITU application through
       | Tonga's authorities for a constellation with nearly 30,000
       | satellites represents an attempt to circumvent FCC scrutiny by
       | launching under a flag of convenience.
       | 
       | That Tongan Space Program - they've claimed a lot of spot
       | reservations but haven't launched many satellites. Their budget
       | is miniscule, less than $10m as of the early 2000s. If I'm
       | reading correctly, they only have a single satellite.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongasat
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Yes, that was an interesting coda to the story, closing with an
         | example of the opening:
         | 
         |  _The rules of the game aren't published anywhere, but the aims
         | seem to be quite clear -- as an established geostationary
         | satellite provider fearing that SpaceX may be eating your
         | lunch, your goal is to throw as many spanners into the works as
         | you can, usually cleverly disguised as technical objections, to
         | delay and suppress._
         | 
         |  _SpaceX's goal, on the other hand, seems to be to make you
         | spend as much money on lawyers and other experts as they can,
         | by getting you to comment on system alternatives and options
         | they subsequently abandon._
        
       | mNovak wrote:
       | One filing type they didn't mention, is SES-STA (Satellite Earth
       | Station Special Temporal Authority) -- aka a temporary
       | experimental license for user or gateway equipment. This is where
       | the juice is, i.e. if they're testing out new models that haven't
       | been announced yet, and if you're lucky includes some technical
       | specs.
       | 
       | But they're hard to filter through because they file so many for
       | uninteresting things too.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | > The FCC website would be a rabbit warren even if there was no
       | SpaceX
       | 
       | A relative of mine is in a dispute with another party regarding
       | real estate.
       | 
       | I mention this here b/c a big part of that dispute has involved
       | pulling data from government websites (Specifically city property
       | records).
       | 
       | The below is all true:
       | 
       | - the amount of useful information in government websites is
       | astounding
       | 
       | - the UX of these websites is awful
       | 
       | - given the above, if you are good at navigating these websites
       | (or can automate the data gathering) it really can be a
       | superpower.
        
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