[HN Gopher] Princeton engineers create new oyster-inspired cemen...
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       Princeton engineers create new oyster-inspired cement 17X more
       crack-resistant
        
       Author : toss1
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2024-06-27 01:44 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (engineering.princeton.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (engineering.princeton.edu)
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | Someone smarter than me can answer this: how would this be
       | applied? If you normally pour cement, which presumably wouldn't
       | work with this layered structure, how do you practically use it?
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | It's a variation on the idea of reinforced concrete. It will
         | take time to understand the interaction between cement and
         | polymer. It took us time to understand that if moisture gets to
         | the steel rods, the reinforced concrete beams crack.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | >>if moisture gets to the steel rods, the reinforced concrete
           | beams crack.
           | 
           | Exactly; and the crucial intermediate step in there is the
           | moisture causing the steel to oxidize, the iron oxide
           | increasing the volume of the rebar, and thus putting the
           | concrete in tension from the inside, and since concrete
           | really sucks in tension (but is great in compression), the
           | concrete cracks.
           | 
           | I'm mystified that iron-based rebar is even still allowed in
           | construction, when fiberglass-based rebar is readily
           | available and proven to work better.
        
             | riversflow wrote:
             | I asked this question here a while back and the answer I
             | got was that at failure steel rebar stretches rather than
             | breaks catastrophically and thats a very important safety
             | factor when calculating dynamic loads, a fiberglass rebar
             | structure would fail far more catastophically.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | At, finally an answer that makes sense --Thx!
               | 
               | I'm sure adding a bit of kevlar in the rods would solve
               | that problem, but modeling will still be difficult...
        
               | surfingdino wrote:
               | We have no data on such solutions and we keep building
               | bigger, taller, more complex structures so there may be
               | some resistance to new solutions, but I'm sure someone is
               | working on them, as we reach the limits of the old ones.
        
         | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
         | Precast concrete is often made at a factory then transported to
         | the work site, a factory environment would enable all sorts of
         | processes and this one doesn't look too difficult in principle
         | - not to sell them short, it's great research and biomimicry is
         | rad, but layering plates in polymer seems like it's definitely
         | automatable.
        
       | passwordoops wrote:
       | The actual paper is posted in another thread:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40796770
       | 
       | Can we close this Princeton PR as a dupe and have the discussion
       | over there instead?
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | I expect this one to perform much better due to the headline
         | being more comprehensible
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | thx! I worked on making the headline comprehensible in
           | 80chars, and made sure the link to the original paper was in
           | the article if people wanted to easily find that level of
           | detail.
        
       | CharlieDigital wrote:
       | ...creating alternating layers of tabulated cement paste and thin
       | polymer can significantly increase crack resistance and the
       | ability to deform without completely breaking (ductility)
       | 
       | A few years ago, my daughter and I did a science fair project[0]
       | based on a question she asked while we were crossing bridge in a
       | car and she noticed the rebar poking out out of an adjacent
       | bridge which was under construction.
       | 
       | In our experiment, we tried various reinforcements to concrete
       | and tested the weight loading capacity before cracking. Quite
       | surprising, at #2, was basic acrylic yarn layered perpendicularly
       | in an overlapping "weave". By far the cheapest, lightest,
       | strongest reinforcement that we tried!
       | 
       | [0] https://youtu.be/9QlzRT69X-I
        
         | alexpotato wrote:
         | Super cool!
         | 
         | I'm always looking for fun STEM things to do with my kids and
         | will keep this in mind.
        
         | alexey-salmin wrote:
         | Very impressive! Even with an explicitly stated hypothesis.
         | Peak asian parenting :)
         | 
         | > By far the cheapest, lightest, strongest reinforcement that
         | we tried
         | 
         | In what sense is it strongest, strength-to-weight? Not sure the
         | weight matters much compared to the weight of displaced
         | concrete.
         | 
         | Also would be really curious to try nylon instead, could even
         | beat the steel potentially
        
           | r2_pilot wrote:
           | It wouldn't work well: Coefficients of thermal expansion:
           | Nylon: Typically ranges from 80-100 x 10^-6 per degC Steel
           | rebar: Typically around 11-13 x 10^-6 per degC Comparison:
           | The coefficient of thermal expansion for nylon is
           | significantly higher than that of steel rebar - about 6-9
           | times greater. This means nylon expands and contracts much
           | more with temperature changes compared to steel. That's not
           | even taking into consideration the tensile strength of nylon
           | and steel. But an interesting thought, for sure.
        
           | CharlieDigital wrote:
           | > In what sense is it strongest, strength-to-weight
           | 
           | Weight, size, and cost. The galvanized wire was the clear
           | winner (hairline crack at 300lbs), but also cost
           | significantly more than the acrylic yarn. Would be
           | interesting to revisit this experiment with different
           | densities of the acrylic weave to see where the limits are.
           | We used a very sparse weave, but I could see tripling the
           | weave density raising the weight limit closer to 300 than
           | 225.
        
             | alexey-salmin wrote:
             | Also probably need to prestress it for best results :)
             | 
             | If it's stretchy or wavy, the concrete may crack before it
             | starts to produce tension
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | I wonder.
               | 
               | I hypothesize that one of the reasons the yarn performed
               | so much better than the deer net is because it is more
               | permeable and thus formed a better bond with the
               | concrete.
               | 
               | In this scenario, I would imagine that it would be
               | "locally tensioned" because the cement is effectively
               | tightly bonded across any point of stress. Would be an
               | interesting experiment!
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | I was thinking about this. The yarn is fuzzy and so has a
               | lot more surface area for bonding
        
               | ajb wrote:
               | Isn't the point of pre-tensioning is not the actual
               | tension on the reinforcement, but the pre-loading of the
               | concrete - so it needs to happen everywhere in the volume
               | of the concrete, not just next to the reinforcement?
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | Interesting point; I see what you are saying like during
               | the curing process, the tension in the yarn weave itself
               | would pre-tension the dried slab. But I wonder if acrylic
               | yarn would have a sufficient effect and to what extent.
               | 
               | If anyone has science fairs coming up, these seem like
               | excellent experiments!
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | I would just call this "peak parenting". Half the world is
           | Asian and doing experiments like this is rare.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | Mesh can even dramatically increase the load bearing capacity
         | of sand: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0olpSN6_TCc
        
         | BobaFloutist wrote:
         | Did you try other yarns in the same weave? I'd be interested to
         | see how wool, cotton, hemp, etc would compare.
        
       | loudmax wrote:
       | My father went to Princeton for a year for post graduate work
       | when I was in kindergarten in the 1970's. We went to a Concrete
       | Canoe race (like this one
       | https://paw.princeton.edu/article/throwbackthursday-racing-c...),
       | and for years afterward I remember him wearing a Concrete Canoe
       | t-shirt.
       | 
       | It wasn't until I was much older that I realized that the
       | impracticality of building a canoe out of concrete was the whole
       | point of the endeavor. For years my childhood brain assumed that
       | concrete was just one of the materials people commonly used to
       | build boats. Want to build a canoe? Likely options are wood,
       | animal hides, or concrete.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Our local one when I was in school was milk carton races. Those
         | boats were quite odd.
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | I wish my old neighborhood was more crack-resistant
        
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