[HN Gopher] Determine mesh rotations to minimise overhangs for 3...
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       Determine mesh rotations to minimise overhangs for 3D printing
        
       Author : alonfnt
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2024-06-24 05:39 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Very nice, but often minimum overhang is not the only constraint.
       | Sometimes you want to take (directional) strength into account.
       | And sometimes it simply looks better if an object is sliced in a
       | certain way.
        
         | VBprogrammer wrote:
         | It's very familiar to anyone who's done some woodwork. Keeping
         | the grain direction in the same direction as you require
         | strength is 90% of joinery.
        
         | progbits wrote:
         | This might be good for slicing random decorative models that
         | weren't designed with printing in mind.
         | 
         | Because when I care about strength and printability I do so
         | from beginning and base the whole design around it. There is no
         | need for a tool to pick print orientation for me because I know
         | before the first CAD extrude how it's going to be printed.
        
           | Filligree wrote:
           | How would you design a screw thread adapter that needs to
           | resist shear?
        
             | progbits wrote:
             | I certainly wouldn't 3d print it, that is a job for off the
             | shelf metal part.
        
               | Filligree wrote:
               | Nobody has any clue what the thing is. :D
               | 
               | It claims to be BSP, but it's 1 inch (1.1?) with 19
               | threads per inch (18?), which matches no standard I've
               | ever found.
        
               | linsomniac wrote:
               | Print a mold, cast it in wax, put that in casting sand,
               | then do a lost-wax casting in aluminum or something more
               | exotic if necessary and you're able?
        
               | Filligree wrote:
               | I think at that point I'd have to ask someone to make it
               | for me.
        
               | r2_pilot wrote:
               | Lathe would be the tool to use in that case.
        
               | nmeofthestate wrote:
               | A 3D printed plastic part could be fine depending on the
               | application. Certainly worth considering/testing.
               | Printing it flat on the bed (with a small flat side) so
               | layers are lengthwise may work.
        
               | 83 wrote:
               | If it needs any amount of strength you'll want to find
               | someone with a lathe. BSP tells me it may be tapered(?)
               | so find someone with a taper attachment. Even as a
               | hobbyist I could probably make one of those on my lathe
               | faster than drawing it and printing it on my 3d printer.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | See also threaded inserts for the other half of that
               | fastener.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | At some point you have so many competing compromises that
             | you're sacrificing one aspect to improve another. When this
             | happens, I pick what's easiest to print and make up the
             | strength with a lot of extra wall loops, slightly higher
             | print temperature (for better layer adhesion, as print
             | quality allows), and stronger material selection.
             | 
             | If this is a critical or load bearing part, I'd skip 3D
             | printing entirely and get it machined.
        
         | JofArnold wrote:
         | Although true, you can optimise this considerably by using
         | materials with very strong layer adhesion like PET (which I've
         | never had break along layer lines) or by annealing or even
         | remelting. So for me at least who prints entirely in PET or
         | PET-CF (note PETG to be clear) this is super helpful.
        
         | lmpdev wrote:
         | Tangental:
         | 
         | Most consumer printers I've come across have differing XY and Z
         | axis spatial resolutions
         | 
         | I've been wanting a decent algorithm to determine the optimal
         | angle to print models such that the result is _aesthetically_
         | as high fidelity as possible
         | 
         | Take for example a rigid model crane set to a non orthogonal
         | angle. Is it pleasing to print with respect to one vertical
         | column or the other? What if they are not equally sized? What
         | about which is most likely to be viewed up close?
         | 
         | Generalising that problem to more organic shapes is
         | incomprehensible but I can't even answer the aforementioned toy
         | example
         | 
         | I'm sure there are dozens of excellent potential approaches but
         | I can't easily find it for arbitrary XY and Z (or other
         | combinations thereof) spatial resolutions
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | If you need detail in more than one axis, you should use a
           | smaller nozzle and lower speed. Along z-axis, the feature
           | size limit is layer height, and along XY it's linewidth.
           | Layer height can be very small with any nozzle (I've seen as
           | small as 50 microns), but linewidth will typically need a
           | smaller nozzle hole to work well, particularly to get below
           | 100 microns.
        
             | jyxent wrote:
             | I think XY actually has better resolution depending on your
             | perspective. I agree that the minimum extrusion is
             | approximately a line width circle. But that circle can move
             | less than the line width for features on larger surfaces.
             | For example, if you emboss something on the side of an
             | object with 0.3mm depth using a 0.4mm nozzle / line-width,
             | it will work fine.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Yeah, I suppose it depends heavily on the kind of detail.
               | I was mostly thinking along the lines of printing
               | lithophanes or hueforge prints.
               | 
               | With lithophones it's typically recommended to print
               | upright so the image is formed by stacking layers, as
               | that allows for "pixels" to be thinner. Hueforge instead
               | is typically printed flat because color stacking/blending
               | needs more resolution than the shapes.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | My cheeky observation to that would be: if you need detail
             | in any axis use a resin printer. ;)
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Yeah, if you're doing detailed prints often, especially
               | decorative stuff, resin can't be beat by standard fdm.
        
       | JofArnold wrote:
       | Great stuff, but working with STLs isn't a good option for me.
       | Doing this in STEP would be amazing. But I suppose I could use
       | STL to guide me on orientations I can then set up manually with
       | my STEP files?
        
         | delecti wrote:
         | This tool makes total sense to me as-is, but I don't quite
         | understand why it would be _more_ useful to work with STEP
         | files.
         | 
         | As-is, this is a tool I could see myself using when I've
         | already got an STL which I maybe don't have input in
         | (downloaded from printables/thingiverse/etc, or extracted and
         | converted from a source like game files). But if you've got the
         | STEP file, you have far more ability to make modifications to
         | it to make it more compatible with 3d printing, like reducing
         | overhanging bits or adding structures to support the overhangs.
        
           | JofArnold wrote:
           | I directly print STEP files. Faster, quieter and better
           | finish than STL for curved surfaces. I print at fairly high
           | speeds (300-400mm/s, >20k accels, 25 SCV on quality) so this
           | might not be a universal consideration but for me it's a deal
           | breaker usually unless I'm doing something silly
        
             | jepler wrote:
             | you could convert the STEP file to STL just for the
             | purposes of this tool, it looks like you have to apply the
             | resulting rotation manually in your slicer anyway using the
             | rotate tool.
        
             | tonyarkles wrote:
             | Well I'm quite curious what you're using for a printer now!
        
               | JofArnold wrote:
               | Nothing especially unusual I think. Mostly use it for
               | fixtures (for woodwork, DIY), improving/fixing random
               | things and bike mods. Currently designing a derailleur
               | for a folding bike.
               | 
               | Reason why I've optimised it to print fast is that
               | there's only so many hours between getting back from work
               | and then going to bed (I don't trust my wiring enough to
               | leave it overnight)... So pretty much everything has to
               | be printable in max 5 hours... which is especially hard
               | to achieve if I'm printing at high infills and 0.1mm
               | layer heights.
        
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       (page generated 2024-06-27 23:02 UTC)