[HN Gopher] Next gen 3D metal printing
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       Next gen 3D metal printing
        
       Author : justinclift
       Score  : 72 points
       Date   : 2024-06-26 19:41 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fabric8labs.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fabric8labs.com)
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | > The electrochemical approach allows for micron-scale feature
       | resolution, complex internal features, high-purity materials, and
       | rapid scalability to support mass manufacturing.
       | 
       | That just does not sound cheap. One envisions a cost-distributed
       | 3D effort, with this used for certain critical parts.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | I'd assume slow rather than expensive; if it's similar to other
         | electroplating, think in terms of nm/s in the z-axis, 96,485
         | Amp-seconds* per mole of whatever metal you're putting down at
         | a small (material dependent) number of volts of potential, so
         | I'd guess OOM EUR10/kg process plus whatever the material cost
         | is in the form of an electrolyte.
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_constant
        
         | impossiblefork wrote:
         | I actually think it does.
         | 
         | I'm imagining a human-sized tank, continuously growing things
         | by electroplating, slowly, slowly, but eventually making
         | something quite big.
         | 
         | I find this concept very appealing. I don't quite understand
         | how it though, because I have view of electroplating as
         | something which is very different from this precise and
         | presumably at least somewhat fast process.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | It sounds a lot like semiconductor manufacturing, except
         | electrochemical instead of photochemical.
        
         | cjbgkagh wrote:
         | It'll be like a resin printer, the hard part is the anode array
         | which isn't that hard, it seems that TFT screen manufacturers
         | can make what's needed and TFTs screens are really cheap.
        
       | ben_w wrote:
       | Good to see!
       | 
       | This looks like something I toyed with in 2016, but (as you may
       | expect from my lack of relevant experience and qualifications)
       | all I found were what Edison called "ways to not make a
       | lightbulb".
       | 
       | The:
       | 
       | > microelectrode array printhead
       | 
       | in particular is what I wanted to experiment with, because
       | _something like this_ clearly allows parallelisation of the build
       | process in much the same way photopolymerisation is faster than
       | FDM.
        
         | petermcneeley wrote:
         | I tried out the multi electrode approach about 15 years ago. My
         | work was based on the original work of John D. Madden
         | https://people.ece.ubc.ca/mm/papers/Madden_JMES_1996.pdf
         | 
         | I can find my paper and post it but keep in mind it was a
         | "undergraduate thesis" and something I spent only a very finite
         | amount of time on.
        
       | kbenson wrote:
       | My understanding is that most current metal 3d printing yields
       | items with significantly worse properties with respect to shear
       | forces, because of how the molecules align compared to when it's
       | melted together as a whole and cooled (or something like that, I
       | can't find the research paper someone linked to me in the past
       | here regarding that).
       | 
       | Do we know if this is better with respect to that?
        
         | alfalfasprout wrote:
         | In theory can't the final object be tempered/annealed to
         | achieve the desired properties?
        
         | metal_am wrote:
         | Texture (the statistical arrangement of all the crystal lattice
         | arrangements that make up a metal) can play a role on
         | mechanical properties, but current metal AM is more than able
         | to meet material standards. It's good to be careful with
         | blanket statements because the most accurate answer is usually
         | "it depends."
        
           | WheatMillington wrote:
           | I agree we should avoid blanket statements, which is why your
           | statement "current metal AM is more than able to meet
           | material standards" is problematic. What standards? There is
           | no generic "material standards" for all materials, and 3d
           | metal printing is definitely inferior to MOST other
           | manufacturing methods in MOST circumstances, in terms of
           | mechanical properties.
        
             | Iulioh wrote:
             | I mean, we 3d print aerospace engine parts, is this "common
             | sense" logic really true?
        
               | codetrotter wrote:
               | The 3D printing they do for aerospace engine parts is
               | certainly very much different from how most metal 3d
               | printing is done. Because the requirements are completely
               | different, and the budgets that aerospace have available
               | to them are insanely much bigger.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | I was recently brought in by a friend as a consultant for
               | a traditional machining shop buying a 3d printer, the
               | machine looked like this:
               | https://i.all3dp.com/workers/images/fit=scale-
               | down,w=1200,gr...
               | 
               | Right now you can print aerospace quality parts on
               | hardware that's designed for marine grade parts, which we
               | did by testing them to failure.
               | 
               | The only reason why the price is higher for aerospace is
               | that you need to certify the machines and the environment
               | in which they work and that costs an arm and a leg.
        
             | metal_am wrote:
             | A line has to be drawn somewhere because this is a rabbit
             | hole. Without going into the specifics of ASTM standards,
             | etc., there are metal AM parts flying today in both air and
             | space. IMO, that counts as meeting standards.
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | Where did you hear that?
         | 
         | In general, the issues sintered parts have are slight porosity
         | (<3%), slow annealing cycles (internal stress), and possible
         | problems with conventional machining.
         | 
         | We also looked at metal-salt plating processes, and concluded
         | the risks to the operator made it nonviable for general
         | application. There was also the serious environmental impact
         | risks, and that meant hazmat disposal costs etc.
         | 
         | There are always trade-offs with any technology.
         | 
         | Have a great day, =3
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | Would there still be a benefit to rapidly producing metal
         | molds/forms for other materials?
        
         | esskay wrote:
         | With some of the earlier ones that may have been the case as
         | many were simply melting small blobs of metal and dropping them
         | onto eachother. The newer ones act a lot more like a welder.
         | It's why it's been possible to 3d print rocket components.
        
       | KennyBlanken wrote:
       | The headline (and thusfar only, it seems) application is a 3d
       | metal printed waterblock with Asetek (the infamous AIO patent
       | trolls, incidentally), with some hooplah about "quieter pumps"
       | and better performance.
       | 
       | Arctic makes a line of AIO coolers which are among the lowest-
       | cost, yet have industry-leading performance and can dissipate
       | hundreds of watts with ease.
       | 
       | This just doesn't seem like an area that needs to be optimized. I
       | could see certain applications like cooling high power RF stuff
       | and lasers...but if this was the best they could do for their
       | headline application, I'm a bit skeptical.
       | 
       | Either they're doing a poor job of commercializing it, it's got
       | drawbacks that are deal-killers for a lot of industries, or
       | something else...
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | I saw a video doing something like awhile ago [1], and I thought
       | the idea of using electroplating made sense, but I know
       | absolutely nothing about chemical engineering or material
       | science.
       | 
       | It's interesting to see this idea in action, though with my
       | limited experience with electroplating it seems like it'd be
       | absurdly slow.
       | 
       | [1] https://youtu.be/W1d36wbx_yg
        
         | jagged-chisel wrote:
         | This is brilliant. So many problems solved. This person is
         | awesome!
        
       | justinclift wrote:
       | Looks like there was an article about it on ServeTheHome last
       | year too:
       | 
       | https://www.servethehome.com/next-gen-copper-cold-plates-so-...
        
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