[HN Gopher] Test firing of a 3D-printed rocket engine designed t...
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       Test firing of a 3D-printed rocket engine designed through
       computational model
        
       Author : frickinLasers
       Score  : 142 points
       Date   : 2024-06-21 14:21 UTC (5 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (leap71.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (leap71.com)
        
       | frickinLasers wrote:
       | I shortened the title a bit from "LEAP 71 hot-fires 3D-printed
       | liquid-fuel rocket engine designed through Noyron Computational
       | Model."
       | 
       | From the article:
       | 
       | - First rocket engine built entirely through a computational
       | model without human intervention
       | 
       | - Likely the shortest time from spec to manufacturing for a new
       | rocket engine (2 weeks, usually this process takes many months in
       | manual engineering using CAD)
       | 
       | - First liquid fueled rocket engine developed in the United Arab
       | Emirates
       | 
       | - Engine worked on the first attempt
       | 
       | - No CAD was used in the design
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | > Likely the shortest time from spec to manufacturing for a new
         | rocket engine (2 weeks, usually this process takes many months
         | in manual engineering using CAD)
         | 
         | Does anyone in the field of rocketry specifically know if this
         | alleviates some previously annoying constraint?
         | 
         | My uninformed gut suspects that these rocket spend an
         | overwhelming amount of time in the post-design stage (I mean
         | rocket engines seem to stick around for a long, long time,
         | right?). But I'm a programmer I don't know anything about this
         | stuff.
        
           | Gravityloss wrote:
           | A software build used to last the whole night.
        
             | _joel wrote:
             | obligatory https://xkcd.com/303/
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Exactly, right, I don't trust my intuition here because
             | that's seen as an absurdly long time in software, whereas
             | in rockets it seems like months and weeks just kinda zoom
             | by.
        
           | anamax wrote:
           | That's the wrong way to think about it.
           | 
           | "We've built a great new way to design physical structures."
           | 
           | "So what? The existing ways work just fine."
           | 
           | "We designed and built a rocket engine in two days."
           | 
           | However, even in the rocket field, there's a "design,
           | simulate, build, test" cycle. They can do two of those steps
           | in effectively 0 time and with significantly lower cost.
           | 
           | Moreover, it looks like the design has incremental feedback
           | from something akin to simulate.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Who are you quoting? The second speaker in your
             | conversation seems to have a pretty negative, incurious,
             | and arrogant tone.
        
               | anamax wrote:
               | I'm quoting voices in my head having a discussion about
               | this.
        
       | InDubioProRubio wrote:
       | Where are the performance spec sheets?
        
         | InDubioProRubio wrote:
         | Why downvote? Its a great design, by an ai, it should compete
         | with human designs in all the specs?
        
           | dgacmu wrote:
           | I didn't downvote you, but it seems like a pretty nitpicky
           | question to ask at the "we demonstrated that the thing worked
           | and didn't melt" stage.
           | 
           | It shouldn't have to compete - yet. Your question doesn't get
           | at the more interesting one, which is, "will it eventually?"
        
         | greesil wrote:
         | I suspect they're happy it didn't just blow up.
        
         | 0xfae wrote:
         | The second line of the article: "The engine with 5 kN (500 kg /
         | 1124 lbf) of thrust, generated the expected 20,000 horsepower"
        
           | echoangle wrote:
           | Specific impulse would also be nice, thrust itself isn't very
           | impressive
        
             | jameshart wrote:
             | I think the impressive thing here is more that they asked
             | the computer to design an engine which produced a desired
             | amount of thrust, and it did so.
             | 
             | The thing being demonstrated isn't 'we made this engine,
             | look how impressive its specs are', it's 'our computer can
             | make working engines to spec'
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | That thing looks absolutely alien, or maybe, like something
       | evolved organically. Which I suppose it has.
        
       | JofArnold wrote:
       | An incredible achievement and in to my eyes a thing of beauty.
       | This is not the first time I've seen computational geometry
       | (played with it myself) but this output seems something else.
        
       | allenrb wrote:
       | This appears to be a pressure-fed rather than pumped engine, so
       | limited real-world utility. Nonetheless, it's incredibly
       | impressive especially given that it seems to have been successful
       | on the first try.
       | 
       | I wonder how practical it might be to integrate turbo machinery
       | into an automated design system like this?
       | 
       | Oh, and it really is beautiful with copper construction and that
       | fascinating swirl.
        
         | black6 wrote:
         | All are pressure fed. A pump generates pressure. It's common to
         | test engine components without pumps using high pressure
         | vessels in lieu of pumps. The E Complex at Stennis Space Center
         | specializes in this approach.
        
           | echoangle wrote:
           | Pressure fed is a fixed term when applied to rocket engines
           | and means "fed only by the pressure in the tank (which is
           | most of the time generated by having a pressurization system
           | fed by another high pressure helium tank) and not by a pump".
        
         | cwillu wrote:
         | The swirl isn't really an essential part of the rocket design,
         | but ports for thermocouples (i.e, temperature sensors).
        
           | p1esk wrote:
           | " The engine uses thin cooling channels that swirl around the
           | chamber jacket, with a variable cross sections as thin as
           | 0.8mm. The Kerosene is pressed through the channels to cool
           | the engine and prevent it from melting."
        
         | irjustin wrote:
         | > This appears to be a pressure-fed rather than pumped engine,
         | so limited real-world utility
         | 
         | This is addressed in the article:
         | 
         | > This is a relatively compact engine, which would be suitable
         | for a final kick stage of an orbital rocket.
         | 
         | It has lots of real world application, just not currently as
         | part of a lift stage since you're right it's a pressure based
         | one as opposed to a pumped engine.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | If I'm not mistaken, the Falcon 1 used a pressure-fed upper
         | stage engine.
        
       | anamax wrote:
       | Bonus points for "steely-eyed rocket-woman" although it looks
       | like rocket engines are "just" an example/test-case, which makes
       | it even more impressive.
        
       | eagerpace wrote:
       | Is "engine" appropriate to use here? It seems to just be the
       | combustion chamber, similar to the article last week about the
       | rocket test in India. It's cool research, but I don't know that
       | the engine process matters much when you compare this to what
       | SpaceX is doing with their engines and reducing the complexity of
       | the moving parts, not just the static ones.
        
         | bumby wrote:
         | While the terms can change over time, my understanding in ME
         | circles is that "engine" is usually referring something that
         | converts a source of energy into a force. So in this case, a
         | device is using chemical energy (LOX + kerosene) into thrush
         | (5kN) so it would meet the definition of an "engine."
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | Err... almost. An engine is something that has significant
           | engineering effort put into it, you can see that the words
           | are cognate. A motor is (usually an engine) that converts
           | potential (stored) energy into motion, by way of some force.
           | I do believe that motor and motion are also cognate.
           | 
           | But outside the etymologies, there is no standard, agreed
           | upon definition for either the term engine nor motor. I
           | personally like these etymology-based definitions (otherwise
           | how do you excuse the term "siege engine") but it's not a
           | hill I'd die on.
        
       | lossolo wrote:
       | This sounds interesting "Noyron -- a foundational Large
       | Computational Engineering Model". What kind of architecture this
       | model have?
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > Noyron is proprietary software, developed by LEAP 71.
         | 
         | I guess nothing to see here.
        
       | evrenesat wrote:
       | Remind me when we got an AI designed, 3d printable Dyson sphere.
        
       | cantSpellSober wrote:
       | > _3D-printed in copper_
       | 
       | Are there consumer-grade 3D printers that can print copper?
       | 
       | Or print a hobby-sized version of a rocket (out of some heat-
       | resistant material)?
       | 
       | (I'm thinking about the model rockets you may have had as a kid
       | with an A8-3 engine.)
        
         | Filligree wrote:
         | Definitely not. If you as a consumer want to do so, then your
         | best bet is printing a mold for casting.
        
           | progre wrote:
           | Which would rule out any cooling channels inside the bell.
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | I think long term there is no reason for Electrochemical
           | Additive Manufacturing (ECAM) to stay expensive as it uses
           | TFT display technology which is mature and electroplating
           | solution is widely available. Maybe patents will keep it
           | expensive.
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | Does it need to be done in a non-reactive atmosphere (ie
             | nitrogen) or anything along those lines?
             | 
             | If the failure cases are dangerous (magnesium fire?), then
             | the safety precautions might keep it out of general
             | consumer availability.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | It builds on normal electroplating which is already a
               | safe DIY activity, best not do drink it though.
               | 
               | This is selective electroplating by only applying
               | electric current to pixel sized areas and building up the
               | object layer by layer like a resin printer. It's truly
               | amazing what it can do. It's just really new.
               | 
               | https://fabric8labs.com/
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | Cool. That looks super interesting. :)
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | Made a submission about it, as it looks so interesting:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40803783
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | Seen this? https://youtu.be/W1d36wbx_yg
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | I had not, looks cool. I'm gonna wait 10 years and see if
               | this (ECAM) gets to Bambu Labs price and quality, if not
               | then maybe I'll DIY one.
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | You could almost certainly source a cylindrical body to pour
           | the cast into for cheaper and easier than 3D printing one -
           | of almost any dimension. The tricky part is in the coring
           | shape (for thrust profile), not the shape of the cylinder.
           | 
           | That said, 3D printing an easily-removable mold for coring,
           | such as from wax, would be amazing.
        
       | hermitcrab wrote:
       | >The engine was designed autonomously without human intervention
       | 
       | Hmmm. My software compiles itself 'without human intervention'
       | when I click the compile button (ignoring the thousands of hours
       | of work I put into writing the code and the even larger amount of
       | work that went into creating the compiler).
        
         | frickinLasers wrote:
         | Yes, I can see many similarities.
         | 
         | - Your code specifies design constraints--you need it to do X
         | and Y and Z.                  - The engine designers needed the
         | engine to fit in X and operate at Y temperature and not blow up
         | (Z).
         | 
         | - The compiler takes your instructions and optimizes them for
         | the processor instruction set.                  - This program
         | optimizes the engine design for the physics instruction set.
         | 
         | It seems like both represent huge productivity leaps from
         | laboriously making things in the original low-level languages.
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | The AI goalpost movers are at it again.
         | 
         | Computer: generates natural language output in response to
         | arbitrary prompts
         | 
         | Programmer: it's just a computer program, it doesn't require
         | intelligence to do that. It's not doing rocket science.
         | 
         | Computer: does literal rocket science
         | 
         | Programmer: sure, but it's still just running a computer
         | program
        
       | daveguy wrote:
       | Awesome demonstration of an exciting development technique. It's
       | still proof of concept level at 5kN thrust. For comparison, the
       | current Falcon 9 engine (Merlin 1D Vacuum+) has 981 kN thrust.
        
         | LeonM wrote:
         | And just to put those numbers further in perspective: the
         | current design goal of the SpaceX Raptor engine is 3MN
         | (3000kN). Currently they have achieved 2.64MN during ground
         | testing. It is speculated that each of the 33 engines of the
         | superheavy booster during testflight 4 were configured for a
         | thrust of approx 2MN.
         | 
         | Obviously the Raptors are much, much larger than the 3D printed
         | engine from the article.
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | If they had asked the computer to design them a 981kN thrust
         | engine they might have needed to be a little more cautious
         | about lighting it up on a test stand. 5kN seems plenty for a
         | first proof of concept.
        
       | eespark wrote:
       | I was going to say that this is nothing Hyperganic hasn't
       | done....and then looked up Lin and Joesefine who were previously
       | at....Hyperganic. I wonder what the story is over there. Open
       | sourcing their geometry kernel is a very confident move.
       | 
       | Interested to see what happens between Lab71, Hyperganic and
       | nTopology - traditional CAD/CAM packages are integrating topology
       | optimisation / generative design but are simply not voxel-first.
       | Perhaps there's a middle-ground to be found (though possibly
       | requires more developed use cases first).
        
       | ThouYS wrote:
       | It's really cool, but the flame profile is that of a blowtorch,
       | not a rocket engine
        
         | dr_orpheus wrote:
         | Yeah, no pretty looking shock diamonds in that exhaust. Which
         | makes me thing the exhaust velocity is pretty low, which I'm
         | not too surprised by since the throat of that engine looks
         | pretty large. And the specific impulse (efficiency) of a rocket
         | engine is directly tied to the effective exhaust velocity [0].
         | 
         | Still amazingly cool, but to the other questions on this thread
         | I'm sure the performance is not comparable to an existing
         | rocket engine design.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_impulse#Specific_impu...
        
       | nja wrote:
       | Cool!
       | 
       | > No CAD was used in the design
       | 
       | This is amusing -- while I understand they mean "CAD tools" like
       | 3d modeling software, the entire engine was literally "computer-
       | aided design", no?
        
         | PROgrammerTHREE wrote:
         | yes, I don't think they know what CAD means
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | It wasn't computer-aided. A human didn't use a computer to
           | help them make a design. A computer did the _whole design_
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | This is splitting hairs. I would go further and assume most
           | CAD users do not know what CAD stands for. They likely assume
           | Inventor or Solidworks.
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | I imagine the factories of the future will be 3d printed and look
       | like metallic fungus. They will be serviceable only with robots
       | that can slide around in narrow gaps to inspect them. They will
       | mostly be operated in the dark. Perhaps they will be operated
       | deep underground.
        
       | thiudvghjg67644 wrote:
       | Quite interesting to contrast with the comments on the HN about
       | the Indian startup Agnikul doing the same thing.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40668088
        
         | dr_orpheus wrote:
         | They are both about 3d printing rocket engines, but it's a bit
         | of comparing apples and oranges.
         | 
         | - The linked article is about improving the speed of
         | manufacturing with 3D printing. The linked article claimed that
         | there was no need for any post-fabrication qualification and
         | there was much skepticism in that claim. But they did perform a
         | sub-orbital launch.
         | 
         | - This article is about improving speed in the design cycle.
         | The article mentions after printing it was "post-processed at
         | the University of Sheffield and prepared for the test". Here
         | there is skepticism of the actual performance (namely
         | efficiency) of the engine for practical purposes.
         | 
         | 3D printing rocket engines themselves in and of itself is not a
         | new thing. Rocket Labs has 3D printed rocket engines and has
         | been flying them since 2018
        
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