[HN Gopher] Benjamin Thorpe translated almost all Old English te...
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       Benjamin Thorpe translated almost all Old English texts (2016)
        
       Author : stareatgoats
       Score  : 114 points
       Date   : 2024-06-22 12:05 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thijsporck.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thijsporck.com)
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | So productive, we could call him Octathorpe.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | So, little to no major works of anglo-saxon or old english were
       | found after his lifetime? I'm surprised that there are no
       | palimpsests or binding materials yielding new writing.
        
       | boddu wrote:
       | He did this translation as a part of his job or out of passion?
        
         | usrnm wrote:
         | _Apparently aided by his talented stepdaughter, Thorpe started
         | to earn his living as a translator of, mostly, Anglo-Saxon
         | texts..._
        
       | usrnm wrote:
       | _In 1826, at the age of forty-four, Thorpe studied early English
       | antiquities at the University of Copenhagen_
       | 
       | And here I am, in my late 30s, thinking that my productive age is
       | far behind me
        
         | brcmthrowaway wrote:
         | i bet this person was an aristocrat with a bunch of servants to
         | rear their children.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | Most likely. But what was your point? It's surely well known
           | that free time is what you need to get anything done.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > But what was your point?
             | 
             | The point is that usrnm shouldn't compare their own
             | productivity if their circumstances are different.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | According to Wikipedia he started off as a banker, before
           | switching to scholarship.
           | 
           | He was then granted a 'civil list pension' - basically a
           | government annual grant in recognition of his valuable but
           | unpaid work
        
         | ZaoLahma wrote:
         | I guess if money wasn't such a limiting factor, more of us
         | would be productive in different ways later in life. Instead of
         | implementing already invented ideas, we could invent now that
         | we are at the peak of our knowledge and mental capabilities.
         | 
         | It's really hard to justify the financial loss required to
         | (full time) pursue novel ideas when you're middle aged. It's
         | much easier to just put in the 8 hours per day and collect the
         | paycheck.
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | Money is rarely a limiting factor as much as the desire for
           | more money.
        
             | ZaoLahma wrote:
             | How do you figure?
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | Need vs. want.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | Is a health insurance a need or a want?
        
               | ninininino wrote:
               | Strictly speaking, it's a want. The classic needs are
               | food (and water), shelter, clothing.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_needs
               | 
               | I personally have gone uninsured for a few years at a
               | time and there was no instant calamity, just an elevation
               | of risk.
        
               | ilinx wrote:
               | Wouldn't that vary from person to person? I have several
               | medications that I objectively need in order to remain
               | healthy. The cost of those would be prohibitively
               | expensive without a good job and/or health insurance.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | I think they're trying to suggest that since they
               | survived a period in their life without health insurance
               | and did not experience calamity, that everyone else who
               | needs to live must also be able to do so.
               | 
               | And thus, by extension: Those who cannot live without
               | health insurance needn't remain alive.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | Given that there are parts of the world where health
               | insurance is not tied to employment, there may be more
               | relevant axes that the one you're considering.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | That's going rather beyond the spirit of OP here:
               | <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40773726>
               | 
               | But looking at this another way: some societies
               | effectively transfer needs into wants by making them
               | contingent on other factors. In the United States,
               | healthcare coverage remains difficult to obtain _even if
               | you have significantly above-average wealth or income_ ,
               | unless you have access to an employer's coverage. This
               | has improved somewhat under the ACA, but there's a
               | significant variance on a state-by-state basis.
               | 
               | More generally, though "if money wasn't such a limiting
               | factor" and "Money is rarely a limiting factor as much as
               | the desire for more money" both suggest that it's the
               | pursuit of wealth itself that ZaoLahma and dr_dshiv
               | meant. And there are certainly people, particularly
               | amongst the ultra-wealthy, who seem motivated in this
               | way, with wealth at which access to healthcare simply
               | isn't an issue: they could hire their own doctors, pay
               | out of pocket, or travel to where healthcare access isn't
               | an insane torture device of its own.
        
               | slothtrop wrote:
               | I think you'll find that those who pursue anything in mid
               | life are not lacking in what you might deem wants. In no
               | one's value judgement would they jeopardize reliable
               | income, when there's a mortgage and kids that need
               | providing, unless it made no difference. Plus, pursuits
               | _themselves_ often cost money.
        
             | jnsie wrote:
             | Live in the US (not a native) and my health insurance is
             | tied to my employment. Coupled with my mortgage, kids'
             | education costs, etc. sustaining what we have is far more
             | pressing than the desire for more money.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | Money may not be a limiting factor in that you might
             | actually need a very small amount of money to live on to do
             | something similar to what Benjamin Thorpe did, but Money in
             | the form of existing obligations and the inability to get
             | out of those obligations is very much a limiting factor for
             | just about everyone who reaches that age.
             | 
             | The age of mental peak is also generally the age of most
             | obligations accrued.
        
             | Suppafly wrote:
             | > Money is rarely a limiting factor as much as the desire
             | for more money. reply
             | 
             | Posted by someone whose apparently always had enough.
        
             | scandox wrote:
             | Modern life does not make it easy or very safe to live
             | modestly. Obligations are often long term and costs are
             | unpredictable. I don't think most people are kept from
             | pursuing their dreams due to greed...more so by fear.
        
       | szundi wrote:
       | Nice achievement while being a SPOF in this field is interesting.
        
       | cm2187 wrote:
       | It's amusing that his translations might need their own
       | translations to modern english in a century or two, like he uses
       | forms that already aren't really used anymore (like _ye_ ).
       | 
       | XVIII century French for instance, while probably being the peak
       | of the language in term of sophistication and elegance, is hard
       | to read without a lot of footnotes. So many words disappeared,
       | changed meaning, or the grammar itself changed.
        
         | netdevnet wrote:
         | Makes you wonder what future generations will call our English.
         | "Old" is taken and "modern" is always the English of the living
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | Modern English is the English that followed the Great Vowel
           | Shift that occurred between the late 14th century and the
           | 17th century. So not necessarily modern in the colloquial
           | sense.
           | 
           | That is, Modern is also taken :-)
        
           | usrnm wrote:
           | That's assuming that the language will still be called
           | English anything. It might as well split into American,
           | Australian, British, etc. We don't call French or Spanish
           | modern Latin, do we?
        
             | kombookcha wrote:
             | There's also an interesting split occurring with
             | continental Euro-English, which is primarily being spoken
             | by non-native speakers as a lingua franca. The divergence
             | is presumably going to accelerate after Brexit, now that
             | there's even fewer native speakers around to anchor it to
             | British English.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_English
        
               | wirrbel wrote:
               | It's an interesting page, but I think at the moment it
               | only summarizes common errors of english-as-second-
               | language speakers of other European languages. But there
               | might be a pattern there.
               | 
               | Also I doubt that there is a continuity between the
               | mentioned Erasmus students and staff in the European-
               | union for example. I would assume that's a later addition
               | to the wikipedia article when the most likely subject of
               | Euro english is about patterns of the use of english-
               | language in the EU bureaucracy. Maybe a better title
               | would be EU-administrative English or something of the
               | like.
               | 
               | What's not so often talked about is of course that the
               | pronunciation of english by non-native speakers is
               | different and I do think there is tendency for some
               | convergence among some aspects of pronunciation that I
               | observe in meetings and zoom calls at work. Aspiration of
               | consonants, clearer separation of individual words. The
               | result is that native-speakers - while being more
               | eloquent in English which puts them at some advantage -
               | sometimes have a disadvantage because their advanced use
               | of language is not understood well. IIRC MTV Europe
               | realized that british hosts wouldn't be understood across
               | europe, when english-speaking french/german/italian hosts
               | would.
        
               | kombookcha wrote:
               | I think that's about right, yeah - in my experience
               | international gatherings in Europe tends to converge on a
               | sort of continental pidgin English where you shave off
               | all the difficult aspects and end up with this very clear
               | and crisp shared language that's more mutually
               | understandable for everyone involved than any of the
               | ordinary 'native' variants of English.
               | 
               | I think what's less clear is how consistent these
               | convergences are. Certainly I have noticed colloquialisms
               | and alterations to better fit romance and germanic
               | languages that pop up again and again, but at what point
               | does it get consistent enough to be its own 'thing' and
               | not just a handy linguistic tool fashioned for the task
               | at hand?
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | > _at what point does it get consistent enough to be its
               | own 'thing'_
               | 
               | Traditionally, when it has its own army. (navy optional)
               | 
               | [several years ago I was told the peacekeeping operations
               | in Kosovo were all organised in "bad english"]
        
               | wirrbel wrote:
               | I would say if German english (Denglish) would pick up
               | French english Idiosyncracies and vice versa, so if the
               | speech patterns aren't just a result of making mistakes
               | in a foreign language, but if they are acquired by other
               | speakers. The Euro-English article gives as an example of
               | Euro-English "Planification" for "Planning" which seems
               | to stem from french / spanish
               | https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/planification . So if the
               | Germans start using planification they would have learned
               | it from the french/spanish Euro-english speakers (I never
               | heard "Planifikation" in German although its actually a
               | word in the dictionary, I looked it up). And that would
               | mean that certain Euro-English features propagate
               | throughout Europe and are more than just
               | Denglish/Frenglish/Swenglish and more than just English-
               | learners messing up vocab/grammar.
               | 
               | While we are talking about language, there definitely are
               | also those folks who move abroad and after a few years
               | when they return they have picked up peculiarities of the
               | language of their host country. The daughter of a
               | neighbor moved to Paris for example and after a few years
               | she started to sound more french. Still spoke perfect
               | german but with an accent. Similarly a coworker who is a
               | US expat in Germany told me he caught himself using some
               | Denglish constructions.
        
               | troad wrote:
               | As a linguist, there is no such dialect of English as
               | 'Euro English'. The idea is borderline non-existent
               | outside of Wikipedia.[0]
               | 
               | In order for there to exist a dialect there must exist
               | some kind of stable distinguishing features, and 'Euro
               | English' has none. The errors that a French speaker makes
               | in English are completely unlike the errors a Greek
               | speaker makes in English, which in turn are completely
               | unlike the errors Czech speakers make in English. What
               | are the stable realisations of the usual English lexical
               | set words (e.g. KIT, DRESS, TRAP etc.) in 'Euro English'?
               | What is the internal grammatical system of 'Euro
               | English'? What are its tenses? What is its syntax? No one
               | has any answers for these questions, which should be
               | trivial to answer for a living dialect.
               | 
               | The highest evidence that the Wiki article can point to
               | is a few items of jargon in European bureaucracy, but
               | this for a dialect does not make. Any random larger
               | organisation is going to have its jargon, particularly a
               | legal one. A staffer on the Hill might have good
               | scuttlebutt about Tuesday's pen and pad, but that doesn't
               | mean there's some kind of emerging dialect of English
               | forming in the halls of US Congress.
               | 
               | It's fine to use 'Euro English' to refer to the few
               | lexical items used in the European bureaucracy, but a few
               | items of jargon are neither unusual, nor sufficient to
               | constitute a dialect.
               | 
               | [0] It's worth noting the most frequently cited source on
               | that Wiki page is a click-baity newspaper article from a
               | British tabloid ( _Brexit could create a new 'language'_
               | ), and that, of the three (!) articles in the
               | bibliography, one treats it solely as a legal jargon, and
               | the other two (Mollin 2006 and Forche 2012) actually
               | _reject_ the idea that Euro English is a dialect. Someone
               | 's just on a bit of a frolic on Wikipedia.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | > , based on common mistranslations and the technical
               | jargon of the European Union (EU) and the native
               | languages of its non-native, English-speaking population.
               | It is mostly used among EU staff, expatriates and
               | migrants from EU countries, young international
               | travellers (such as exchange students in the EU's Erasmus
               | programme) and European diplomats with a lower
               | proficiency in the language.
               | 
               | This sounds niche, scattered and irrelevant as far as
               | language making goes. Erasmus students and expatriates?
               | EU staff?
               | 
               | It seems that you need some sort of concentration
               | (virtual or geographical) to make a supposedly second-
               | rate variation of some language. I don't see how people
               | from all across "continental" Europe which are also so
               | scattered domestically (Erasmus students?) could make
               | something cohesive enough to call it Euro English.
               | 
               | - A Spaniard might say "how you say" but would a Polish
               | person do that?
               | 
               | - A Polish person might drop a lot of articles but would
               | a Spaniard do that?
               | 
               | I'm from Scandinavia and a supposed mistake that people
               | from the Nordic countries commit is to use "blue-eyed" to
               | mean "naive". And sure that's a direct translation of the
               | "naive" expression but I have never heard anyone from
               | Scandinavia say that in English.
               | 
               | I see the footnotes for the opening paragraphs are The
               | Independent, the Financial Times and a British linguist.
               | I don't know what the deal is with the British (similar
               | to Americans but their distance from Europe excuses them
               | IMO) and their insistence that Europe (really
               | "Continental Europe" i.e. Europe which isn't a bus drive
               | under the English Channel away from the mainland)
               | consists of this uniform blob of non-Anglos who drive
               | scooters, eat baguettes and go to raves. And speak the
               | same pidgin apparently.
               | 
               | > The divergence is presumably going to accelerate after
               | Brexit, now that there's even fewer native speakers
               | around to anchor it to British English.
               | 
               | That's a laugh. Language isn't spread by way of EU
               | diplomats. Regular people are more likely to be
               | "anchored" to American English.
               | 
               | One Czech guy I was talking to recently sounds like he
               | moved to California at the age of nine.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | > That's a laugh. Language isn't spread by way of EU
               | diplomats. Regular people are more likely to be
               | "anchored" to American English.
               | 
               | American English is the best variant of English because
               | we stole it. Nobody cares if somebody messes with it
               | because, eh, it isn't ours anyway. Let's drive this
               | language like a stolen car.
               | 
               | > this uniform blob of non-Anglos who drive scooters, eat
               | baguettes and go to raves. And speak the same pidgin
               | apparently.
               | 
               | Sounds awesome, maybe they are just envious!
        
             | downWidOutaFite wrote:
             | Since the rise of the web, and tv and movies before it,
             | regional language divergence is decreasing instead of
             | increasing as it did in the past. Future English will be
             | more globally unified but with more online text chatting
             | influences.
        
               | usrnm wrote:
               | Romans probably thought so too
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | The difference is that education is now ubiquitous and
               | almost everyone who matters is literate. The reason why
               | Latin diverged into Romance languages is that literacy
               | among the secular class died out, and both the elite and
               | the peasants had no knowledge of formal Latin. (The
               | Church did, but it was relatively weak in Early Middle
               | Ages, certainly not strong enough to push the society to
               | use a certain standard of language.)
               | 
               | Sure, if the educational system today collapses and we
               | revert to pre-industrial state like around 500 AD,
               | English will spontaneously develop into a family of
               | mutually unintelligible languages.
               | 
               | I sincerely hope that this won't happen, though, because
               | 95 per cent of humanity would die. We cannot feed 8
               | billion people with pre-modern technology.
        
           | Macha wrote:
           | Art and architecture have had this problem already.
           | Linguistics still has post-modern to use.
        
           | anal_reactor wrote:
           | Controversial opinon: linguistic evolution is slowing down
           | considerably.
           | 
           | 1. Ever wondered why English spelling is so stupid? It's
           | because it's based on an older version of language, but we
           | never decided to update the spelling, so we just roll with
           | it. How is that supposed to change in the future if it hasn't
           | changed so far?
           | 
           | 2. At first, text used to be a representation of spoken
           | language. Nowadays communication is mostly via text, so it's
           | more like "speech is acoustic representation of written
           | language" and written language, as per example of Modern
           | English, is not likely to naturally evolve once it's rules
           | have been set, at least not as likely as spoken language,
           | which can strongly vary from generation to generation.
           | 
           | 3. Smaller languages, which potentially could be a source of
           | new words and grammar, are quickly dying out due to
           | popularity of English. Icelandic didn't evolve much through
           | last thousand of years because its speakers had little
           | contact with speakers of other languages. English will do the
           | same by simply eliminating other languages.
           | 
           | I don't think we're there yet, but at some point in the
           | future English will reach its "final form" and from there on,
           | only minor changes here and there will happen. Just like the
           | entire world has almost collectively decided to use arabic
           | numerals, or the metric system, and we don't expect any
           | revolutionary changes there anymore.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | > Controversial opinon: linguistic evolution is slowing
             | down considerably.
             | 
             | (Brit here) Multicultural London English [0] and others
             | like it suggest that language continues to evolve rapidly.
             | I can't even do an MLE accent in the way that I could
             | yorkshire, scouse, etc.
             | 
             | > written language, as per example of Modern English, is
             | not likely to naturally evolve once it's rules have been
             | set
             | 
             | Look at the rapid emergence of txt speak, emojis, etc,
             | creating written forms that again rapidly evolve and may be
             | unintelligible to an older generation
             | 
             | > English will do the same by simply eliminating other
             | languages.
             | 
             | Look at the variety of English used in India. This
             | continues to evolve independently of, say, British English
             | and US English.
             | 
             | [0]
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicultural_London_English
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | I find Indian English fascinating as a tangent to my
               | learning Hindi. From grammatical/auxiliary word 'errors'
               | or quirks that you can relate to Hindi (and probably
               | other Indic languages, I'm just not familiar) to
               | vocabulary or usage that's not incorrect at all, it's
               | just extremely quaint sounding or rare in British
               | English, but for whatever reason so much more common in
               | IE.
               | 
               | (I can't think of a good example for the latter at the
               | moment, for the former I mean things like 'I myself have
               | noticed this' or 'it's common in Indian English only'.)
               | 
               | It also provides one of my favourite words/concepts
               | (which isn't quite an example of the second point as I
               | meant it): _timepass_. Something you do to pass the time,
               | or a (not exactly positive, nor negative) review of
               | something that served that purpose.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | I always wondered if the, common in IT, phrases like 'do
               | the needful' and 'do the necessary' that you hear from
               | Indian English speakers evolved from Hindi phrases.
        
               | delecti wrote:
               | Interestingly India got "do the needful" from Britain,
               | but then it dropped out of use there, while India kept
               | it.
               | 
               | There are things like that idea though. I hear "different
               | different" from Indian coworkers pretty regularly, which
               | is apparently a direct translation of a common Hindi
               | expression.
        
             | keybored wrote:
             | > Controversial opinon: linguistic evolution is slowing
             | down considerably.
             | 
             | Borg hivemind convergence is a bog-standard HN opinion.
             | Although still controversial enough to elicit replies. ;)
             | 
             | > Smaller languages, which potentially could be a source of
             | new words and grammar, are quickly dying out due to
             | popularity of English. Icelandic didn't evolve much through
             | last thousand of years because its speakers had little
             | contact with speakers of other languages. English will do
             | the same by simply eliminating other languages.
             | 
             | Mainland Scandinavian languages have plenty of foreign
             | borrowed words from decades ago, long before most people
             | had a reason to know English (or Latin or French or). Today
             | though English in particular should have penetrated Iceland
             | as much as mainland Scandinavia, but Icelandic (according
             | to Icelanders) has plenty of neologisms instead of
             | loanwoards (apparently eschewing lame polysyllabic words
             | like "helicopter").
             | 
             | Other Scandinavian languages (language communities) could
             | have chosen the same route as they become more influenced
             | by English than even somewhat mutually intelligible
             | neighboring language communities. But they don't. Proving
             | that language communities can choose to take different
             | routes even in an American Western World Order.
        
           | ted_bunny wrote:
           | Maybe something like Singlish. There are already more english
           | speakers in China than the US.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | "ye" is just "the." The "y" is being used to represent the
         | letter thorn.
        
       | euroderf wrote:
       | FWIW I note that Google Translate offers no Old English, or even
       | Middle English.
        
         | jhbadger wrote:
         | There may not be a big enough corpus for adequate training. The
         | problem with both is that the main people writing would either
         | prefer Latin (or later, French). The number of people who could
         | write and used the vernacular to do so, were small.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | Point taken. Altho I'm sure an AI could take a stab at
           | building a corpus. Accuracy maybe better than 90% ?
        
             | chx wrote:
             | I do not think I have seen a better example of a post being
             | so drunk on the LLM kool-aid.
        
       | kogus wrote:
       | English today is a delightful, expressive train wreck of grammar
       | and spelling madness. But Old English really was not. It was a
       | much more earthy, simple, and consistent language. Old English
       | had a total of about 40,000 words. Today's English has almost
       | half a million.
       | 
       | I'll take the opportunity to plug a fantastic podcast on the
       | history of English, creatively named "The History of English
       | Podcast".
       | 
       | https://historyofenglishpodcast.com/
        
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