[HN Gopher] Notes on Tajikistan
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Notes on Tajikistan
        
       Author : petesivak
       Score  : 146 points
       Date   : 2024-06-20 17:24 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mattlakeman.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mattlakeman.org)
        
       | colonCapitalDee wrote:
       | I listened to https://www.theredlinepodcast.com/post/tajikistan-
       | and-region... yesterday. It's an extremely interesting discussion
       | on the geopolitical factors both internal and external that shape
       | Tajikistan's security sitation, and who's interests Tajikistan's
       | security dysfunction serves.
        
       | lye wrote:
       | > The government and locals don't like when you bring up Borat
       | 
       | Depends on which locals. Younger generations never really cared
       | about this. All my friends have always found the movies
       | hilarious, especially the first one.
       | 
       | When the sequel was released, the government finally started
       | acting like adults: https://youtu.be/eRGXq4t9wY4
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure this is also caused by generational change in the
       | government.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | At one point the government of Kazakhstan threatened legal
         | action over Borat and Sacha Baron Cohen hilariously responded
         | in character.
         | 
         | "I fully support my government's position to sue this Jew."
         | 
         | https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/bor...
        
           | ranni_ending wrote:
           | yeah at another point he distanced himself from making racist
           | movies about country he has 0 idea about. then you bring up
           | an example of him trying to hide behind his Jewish identity
           | to be above criticism as a "joke".
           | 
           | it's trivial to punch down and then act like a victim by
           | bringing up your own identity.
           | 
           | People who find it easy to make fun of others while being
           | extremely thin-skinned themselves:
           | https://www.timesofisrael.com/sacha-baron-cohen-tells-
           | tiktok... for a legitimate dissent on his holy cow country. I
           | imagine making fun of Israel in the same vein and making a
           | movie about it in the same style would get anyone blacklisted
           | in Hollywood. There will be 10 OP-EDs about how that's
           | antisemitic and disrespectful. But because it's Kazakhstan
           | nobody gives a shit and we're supposed to suck it up and
           | laugh with others a la Oldboy.
           | 
           | It might be hilarious to you, but for ethnic Kazakhs it isn't
           | (self-respecting ones at least).
        
             | culebron21 wrote:
             | I live in Kazakhstan as expat, and locals are brought up
             | patriotic pretty much like in America -- national anthem at
             | school every day (I shivered when I learned about it, both
             | about KZ and America), told they're the richest post-soviet
             | country. So the movie that plays the anthem and highlights
             | so much that he's from Kazakhstan (although he looks
             | nothing like a Kazakh), looks like a serious insult.
             | 
             | (edit: to be exact, I don't mean he mocks this partiotism,
             | there's nothing to do with it in the movie.)
             | 
             | I've been told that the true meaning was to film Americans
             | with candid camera and laugh at how stupid they are, but to
             | me, Borat is the only thing people utter when I say where I
             | am, so it's pretty annoying.
             | 
             | OTOH, given this popularity, nat. govt could have paid some
             | petro-uranium-dollars to Cohen for some tourism
             | commercials.
        
               | lye wrote:
               | Maybe this has changed in recent years, or it's different
               | in the south or the west of the country where more
               | "ultra-patriots" live, but it wasn't my experience at all
               | in the middle of 2000s. We had to listen to the national
               | anthem several times per year on national holidays, and
               | perform other token gestures like that, but nobody took
               | it seriously and these actions were relentlessly
               | ridiculed.
               | 
               | Not because of lack of patriotism, but because of the
               | synthetic and bureaucratic feeling of the whole deal.
               | 
               | So the parody misses the mark.
               | 
               | Borat is really about the US society anyway, they could
               | have picked absolutely anything else and it wouldn't make
               | a difference.
               | 
               | > But Borat is the only thing people utter when I say
               | where I live now
               | 
               | Own it and as soon as people see you don't care, they
               | drop the subject. The joke was old ten years ago.
        
               | culebron21 wrote:
               | I didn't mean he parodied the patriotism. I mean to
               | serious patriots, this is a slap in the face, even when
               | in fact it says nothing of Kz at all.
        
             | DEADMINCE wrote:
             | He's not punching down or hiding behind an ethnic identity,
             | he's mocking the idea of someone being upset over a
             | parody/mockery/comedy.
        
               | repelsteeltje wrote:
               | Yeah, but I see his point about getting away with this
               | type of humor only because most viewers hardly know
               | Kazachstan actually exists. I might be upset if I were a
               | Kazakh, or I might not be - but I probably would find I
               | hilarious.
        
               | DEADMINCE wrote:
               | > because most viewers hardly know Kazachstan actually
               | exists
               | 
               | I really don't mean to be insulting to US people here,
               | but I really think this would be a huge difference in the
               | populations between the US and other countries where the
               | film was popular.
        
       | babi_ wrote:
       | i had the opportunity to travel to central asia last summer for a
       | couple weeks (both uzbekistan and tajikistan, briefly). was
       | really a fascinating trip to a part of the world that i barely
       | knew anything about!
       | 
       | for those who are curious about traveling in central asia in
       | general, there is a great travel blog of sorts called
       | caravanistan -> https://caravanistan.com/forum/
       | 
       | the main website is useful for travel logistics but i find myself
       | returning to the forum pretty often to see travel updates from
       | people on the ground in those places. really interesting to me to
       | read about various border crossings between countries, what to
       | expect when traveling around/between countries, etc
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | Tajikistan looks to be an interesting case of Islam being kept in
       | check without resorting to either extremism or terrorism. But
       | this is neither free nor assured, and it probably requires
       | constant wilful effort.
       | 
       | In the long term, I can see it bleeding more territory to China
       | due to the significant difference in military power and
       | aggression. This is so long as there isn't a NATO-like structure
       | to keep Chinese aggression in check, constituted of its
       | neighbors.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > Tajikistan looks to be an interesting case of Islam being
         | kept in check without resorting to either sharia or terrorism.
         | 
         | Because it's done through extreme human rights violations such
         | as torture, kidnapping, kangaroo courts, etc [0].
         | 
         | This only radicalizes the Jihadist movements, who's hardcore
         | believers went into exile Afghanistan, Pakistan, Chechnya,
         | Syria, etc and became extremely prominent in the Islamic State
         | movement (eg. The former head of Tajikistan's Spetznaz defected
         | to ISIS back in 2015 and became their War Minister).
         | 
         | ISKP is extremely Tajik in leadership, and this has helped them
         | commit mass casualty attacks like the Kerman Bombings and the
         | Moscow Theatre Siege
         | 
         | Once Emomali Rahmon dies, the Civil War will restart.
         | 
         | > bleeding more territory to China due to the significant
         | difference in military power and aggression. This is so long as
         | there isn't a NATO-like structure to keep Chinese aggression in
         | check, constituted of its neighbors.
         | 
         | Countries like India have had Air Force bases and boots on the
         | ground in Tajikistan for decades [1]
         | 
         | ---------
         | 
         | If in San Francisco or New York, I recommend checking out Halal
         | Dastarkhan or Farida's, Tandir Rokhat (Bukharan Jewish), Aziza
         | 7, and Salute (Bukharan Jewish) respectively.
         | 
         | The owners are all ethnic Tajiks from Uzbekistan. Bukhara is
         | ethnic Tajik but in Uzbekistan because Stalin.
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-
         | chapters/tajik...
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060422/main6.htm
        
           | slt2021 wrote:
           | really tough choice for a government: violate human rights of
           | opposition or descend into ISIS/afghon
        
         | rvense wrote:
         | Islam is extremely important to Tajik identity. But Tajikistan
         | is making the same mistake many other Muslim dictatorships and
         | authocracies did. By not having a real open political system,
         | the only place for dissent to take root is in Islamist circles,
         | and then that's the opposition you get.
        
           | slt2021 wrote:
           | Tajikistan had civil war in 1990s where Islamist radicals
           | were the opposition and wanted to turn TJ into sharia run
           | state.
           | 
           | open political system actually makes islam opposition
           | stronger (and easy to influence with $$$ from Gulf
           | monarchies).
           | 
           | Keeping islam in check, also means keeping in check Gulf oil
           | $$$$ that install their own version of islam.
           | 
           | the pipeline of volunteers from *stans to join ISIS/Al-Qaeda
           | was funded and enabled by Gulf monarchies.
           | 
           | If there is another big war in the Middle East - guess from
           | where all the islamist volunteer fighters will be coming from
           | - from these poor 3rd world islamist countries, the *stan
           | countries
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | > open political system actually makes islam opposition
             | stronger (and easy to influence with $$$ from Gulf
             | monarchies).
             | 
             | No it doesn't. Provide one example where this has happened?
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | Russia. [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Khattab
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | i lived there, gulf monarchies are financing construction
               | of mosques all over the *stans, and are sending people to
               | "study islam" in ... Pakistan and Bangladesh, where they
               | are radicalized and brainwashed.
               | 
               | various conflicts in Causasus in russia - where
               | caucasians were bankrolled and brainwashed via gulf money
               | (dagestan and chechnya)
        
         | geoka9 wrote:
         | I think there's more danger of bleeding territory to the
         | Taliban, at least it has been the case until recently.
         | Especially if Russia (who has had a big military base there
         | forever) becomes irrelevant.
        
           | ashilfarahmand wrote:
           | I think they were on high alert up until recently and are now
           | in the process of trying to figure out how to get along with
           | them. On the border areas, there were a handful of markets in
           | the mountain villages where they allowed Afghans to cross the
           | border to sell products. These markets were shut down once
           | the Taliban took over but have recently been re-opened.
        
           | wavefunction wrote:
           | The article mentions that China has a military base in the
           | east of Tajikistan and touches on Chinese attitudes towards
           | islam and their behavior internally (in Xinjiang for example)
           | and externally in Tajikistan. Russia appears to be unable to
           | prosecute their own defense let alone the defense of "allies"
           | as Armenia found out.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Russia has no allies. Every single 'compatible' nation ran
             | the hell away from them as soon as it become marginally
             | possible in late 80s, and in typical russian victim fashion
             | west and US specifically is to blame.
             | 
             | Just look at what they are doing to their supposed brothers
             | in Ukraine, for one old man's greed and twisted view on
             | reality and his legacy, 0 other reasons. This is how they
             | treat everybody, including other russians.
             | 
             | What they have are temporarily aligned forces who see some
             | benefit in such action, nothing more. Most of them would
             | take over russian territory and its mineral riches without
             | blinking an eye if they could.
        
               | holoduke wrote:
               | You are so wrong about Russia and its alies. Sure many
               | western countries are fed with anti russian propoganda
               | for decades. For them its as you say. But there is more
               | than that. Russia unprovokedly invaded Ukraine is also
               | seriously wrong. The complexity of the subject is much
               | more than that. Unfortunately our western leaders do not
               | have the goal of creating peace and therefor things will
               | escalate more and more. I blame the west for that.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | The OP article is actually very tacit on the "Russian
               | question" and is a direct opposite of your sabre rattling
               | attitude. You should be ashamed, then switch to topics
               | where you can maintain some comfortable level of
               | intellectual integrity.
        
         | ssijak wrote:
         | Number of countries invaded by China in the middle east: 0
         | 
         | Number of countries invaded by USA in the middle east: 3 and
         | few more got bombed
         | 
         | I mean "This is so long as there isn't a NATO-like structure to
         | keep Chinese aggression in check, constituted of its
         | neighbors.".. try to be a bit more self reflective.
        
           | lye wrote:
           | Yeah, "the West" lost a lot of goodwill in the region in the
           | last couple of decades to be able to talk from such a high
           | moral ground. I don't have any studies -- they're probably
           | impossible to run in an autocratic state -- but in my country
           | among people I've talked with through my life all major
           | powers are viewed with roughly the same suspicion. It depends
           | _a lot_ on who you 're talking to. If people are worried of
           | possible secession of territory to China or Russia, they're
           | equally worried about Western powers supporting "the fifth
           | column" and color revolutions. Let's not pretend here they
           | don't have any reasons to be worried.
        
             | bartvk wrote:
             | You are being downvoted, but I think it has to do with your
             | last paragraph. Check the guidelines link at the bottom, it
             | has some related remarks.
        
               | lye wrote:
               | That's fair, thanks, I edited it out.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | The people or the corrupt autocrats who send secret
             | policemen out and about?
        
             | kkfx wrote:
             | The west in Central Asia want natural resources, like
             | China, partially like Soviet Union, BUT Soviet Union back
             | than have created most of the local infra, bad maybe,
             | oppressing people maybe, but still modernize these
             | countries. The west have financed Arkadag, Innopolis, ...
             | meaning giving much to very few and nothing for the rest.
             | 
             | Back than, hearing my grandmother stories (she have a
             | political activity in Europe that link her to the Soviet a
             | bit), all was Soviet Citizens, of course the non-Caucasian
             | looking was discriminated, the child of Russian there got
             | better schools and services, the locals got far less, but
             | they was still free to learn and move, the western
             | experiment have given exactly NOTHING for 99% of the locals
             | and have instead exacerbated local corruption...
             | 
             | That's why many might dream an European future, but
             | definitively not like being under the IMF rules, they even
             | prefer a historic enemy, China, since at least the Chinese
             | nowadays build a bit of infra, just to pick natural
             | resources or link themselves to EU, but still creating
             | something that give some breadcrumbs to the locals.
             | 
             | The western and middle-east economical initiative have only
             | displaced people. That's how we lost an opportunity...
        
           | wewtyflakes wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_Peo.
           | ..
        
             | protomolecule wrote:
             | Your own link says that during the revolution of 1911 in
             | China local theocracy seized power in Tibet and held to it
             | for 40 years.
             | 
             | "After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, most of the area
             | comprising the present-day Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR)
             | became a de facto independent polity, independent from the
             | rest of the Republic of China"
             | 
             | "At the time Political Tibet obtained de facto
             | independence, its socio-economic and political systems
             | resembled Medieval Europe.[29] Attempts by the 13th Dalai
             | Lama between 1913 and 1933 to enlarge and modernize the
             | Tibetan military had eventually failed, largely due to
             | opposition from powerful aristocrats and monks"
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | It's always funny to me how facts about previous
               | allegiance are withheld with impunity, apparently in
               | hopes to confuse a distracted reader.
               | 
               | I can forgive people for forgetting to mention that
               | Baltic states were part of Russia for centuries before
               | they were re-annexed by the USSR in 1945. Indeed I can
               | see how people had 20 years of independence and weren't
               | fans of being included into a socialist utopia. But, just
               | yesterday I've read that Georgia had a "Bolshevik
               | invasion of 1921". A province of Russian Empire for a
               | really long time and up until 1917.
               | 
               | It looks like the free press thinks you can make
               | legitimate territorial claims go away by not mentioning
               | their existence.
        
               | dvdkon wrote:
               | Certainly many parts of the world aren't too big on
               | democracy and self-determination, but from my point of
               | view any military operation not sanctioned by the target
               | region's people or government counts as an invasion.
               | 
               | Maybe that's not how all the people involved saw it, but
               | we see, judge, and name events through the lens of our
               | own values.
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | "through the lens of our own values"
               | 
               | So who sanctioned the invasion of Serbia by NATO?
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | "re-annexed"
               | 
               | Wrong word.
               | 
               | "In Nystad, King Frederick I of Sweden formally
               | recognized the transfer of Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, and
               | Southeast Finland (Kexholms lan and part of Karelian
               | Isthmus) to Russia in exchange for two million silver
               | thaler, while Russia returned the bulk of Finland to
               | Swedish rule." [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Nystad
        
               | wewtyflakes wrote:
               | I am unsure how that is relevant. The other poster was
               | trying to paint China as an entity that did not war with
               | its neighbors, and that seems false. If you do not like
               | the topic of Tibet, then how about Vietnam
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War,
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War) or Korea
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War)? I am not
               | saying if these acts were good or bad, but they did
               | exist.
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | How it is not relevant?
               | 
               | Anyway, from your own link:
               | 
               | "The Sino-Vietnamese War was a brief conflict that
               | occurred in early 1979 between China and Vietnam. China
               | launched an offensive ostensibly _in response to Vietnam
               | 's invasion and occupation of Cambodia_ in 1978, which
               | ended the rule of the Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge. The
               | conflict lasted for about a month, with China withdrawing
               | its troops in March 1979."
               | 
               | In both other wars China helped their neighbors against
               | Americans.
        
               | wewtyflakes wrote:
               | Again, not talking about it being good or bad, but you
               | cannot deny that this happened (China invading a
               | neighbor), which is the point being made.
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | This thread started from the claim that China will invade
               | with particular purpose: "I can see it bleeding more
               | territory to China".
        
               | wewtyflakes wrote:
               | I was replying to the poster who said:
               | 
               | ``` Number of countries invaded by China in the middle
               | east: 0
               | 
               | Number of countries invaded by USA in the middle east: 3
               | and few more got bombed
               | 
               | I mean "This is so long as there isn't a NATO-like
               | structure to keep Chinese aggression in check,
               | constituted of its neighbors.".. try to be a bit more
               | self reflective. ```
               | 
               | I was pointing out that this seems to misrepresent the
               | acts of China, due to its numerous armed conflicts with
               | its neighbors in recent history. Though incidentally,
               | this sidebar does seem also shore up the point for the "I
               | can see it bleeding more territory to China" regardless.
               | Here are more citations if you need them: -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Mongolia - ht
               | tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80
               | %... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes
               | _in_the_So...
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | "its numerous armed conflicts with its neighbors in
               | recent history"
               | 
               | So which country has China invaded in the recent history?
               | Bringing up events that happened more hundred years ago
               | looks strange.
        
         | pythonguython wrote:
         | All of the central Asian "stan" countries have a Muslim
         | majority and Tajikistan is actually the most extreme of them.
         | But Kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, Turkey and
         | Iran are all examples of islam without extremism (although Iran
         | has fundamentalism)
        
           | lye wrote:
           | Kazakhstan has a problem with Islamic extremists and the
           | government is very much worried about it and spends a lot of
           | money fighting it. They put cameras in every mosque, for
           | example, and work their people into every religious group of
           | any significance.
           | 
           | There's not much info on it in English, but here you go:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Aktobe_bombing
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings
           | 
           | https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrterroristicheskaia_operats
           | iia...
        
             | pythonguython wrote:
             | It's certainly on the governments radar, and they do have
             | an interest in preventing it. Kazakhstan banned hijab in
             | schools and engages in anti terrorism like you mentioned.
             | But overall, the country has a large secular population
             | (due to the Soviet Union) and the country practices a
             | moderate form of Islam called Sufism. I would attribute
             | this to their nomadic culture, which meant the Quran was
             | more of an oral tradition for Kazakhs in the past. The
             | difference between Kazakhstan and Tajikstan is that you can
             | actually find daesh cells in the pamir valley of
             | Tajikistan, while that's not really a thing in Kazakhstan.
             | Extremism in KZ has manifested as a few isolated attacks
             | and a small amount of individuals who chose to travel to
             | fight in the Syrian war. I spent 9 months in KZ last year
             | and - visited mosques, talked to many locals in various
             | cities and feel comfortable saying that Islamic extremism
             | is rare there.
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | When your police are free to abuse girls all the way up to
           | abusing them to death for not wearing hats like Iran is, I'm
           | pretty sure that's extremism.
        
             | pythonguython wrote:
             | And in the early 20th century pahlavi's regime beat women
             | who chose to keep wearing the hijab. Religious extremism in
             | the form of salafi Wahhabism isn't common in the country,
             | nor is militant jihad. It's theocratic authoritarianism. I
             | think the difference is worth noting.
        
         | mkoubaa wrote:
         | Saying "Islam being kept in check" in this way sounds an
         | implication that religion (or perhaps just this one) ought to
         | be suppressed. This sort of attitude and policy coming from it
         | is like gasoline for religious extremism, and the fact that
         | Tajikistan exports extremists should be enough evidence for
         | that
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | "Suppressed" would be more extremism. "Kept in check"? Yeah,
           | that's probably a good treatment for any religion.
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | Keeping religions in check as such is incompatible with
             | liberalism. Secular societies need to be maintained, but
             | antagonizing religious people with phrases like that is not
             | how.
        
               | stef25 wrote:
               | Make sure to use right words so they don't have a
               | meltdown, like toddlers.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | It is important for government actions to be communicated
               | clearly
        
               | surfingdino wrote:
               | On the flip side, religions are incompatible with
               | liberalism so there's constant tension.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | The bedrock of liberalism is religious freedom
        
               | surfingdino wrote:
               | When a religion/ideology wants to limit personal freedom,
               | it's a hard stop. Otherwise it's the end of liberalism.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | Liberalism will end when we choose to end it, in bits in
               | pieces, each brick ironically removed in it's own name.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | Religious freedom is fine.
               | 
               | What bothers me is religious groups or people attempting
               | to legislate their morality onto the whole of society by
               | restricting personal freedoms.
               | 
               | If they would just follow their own morals and ethics and
               | leave the rest of society alone, I'm perfectly fine with
               | that.
               | 
               | For example, if you don't believe in abortion, then don't
               | get an abortion. Leave people who want to get abortions
               | alone, it's their choice.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | I couldn't agree more
        
           | hagbard_c wrote:
           | Islam does have a specific problem in this regard since its
           | scripture explicitly calls for violent struggle to spread it
           | over the world. Ignoring this fact does not make the problem
           | go away and only serves to undercut those who attempt to
           | start an 'islamic enlightenment'.
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | Actually it doesn't call for that
        
             | oa335 wrote:
             | > Islam does have a specific problem in this regard since
             | its scripture explicitly calls for violent struggle to
             | spread it over the world.
             | 
             | Which part of the scripture?
             | 
             | Every part of the Quran that involves violence has
             | consistently been understood to apply to a specific
             | context, by almost all classical Islamic theologians and
             | jurists.
             | 
             | That's why extremist groups rarely cite Quran for
             | justifying perma-war, instead citing opinions of Islamic
             | scholars instead.
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | No it doesn't. I'm Muslim. Like most monotheistic
             | religions, it actually says that most people will become
             | irreligious before the end of time
        
           | meowtimemania wrote:
           | I think by "kept in check" they mean good separation of
           | church and state. Some islamic countries don't have good
           | separation of church and state.
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | Some Islamic countries are family businesses that have
             | international recognition as states for historical and
             | geopolitical reasons. I don't take the actions of those
             | countries seriously
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | How is this (what's described in the article) good in any
             | way?
        
             | mda wrote:
             | The thing described is far from separation of church. It is
             | straight out oppression.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | It is not just a religion, but a legal and societal system. A
           | very medieval one.
           | 
           | Few people care if you believe that Muhammad rode to heaven
           | on a magic horse (Buraq). But quite a lot of people care if
           | you want to introduce hand amputations for theft, as demanded
           | by Sharia Law, or different inheritance rules for sons and
           | daughters where being female = being less valuable.
           | 
           | The medieval-practical parts of Islam must definitely be kept
           | in check, unless the country in question is willing to
           | regress into some very dark ages. That is something that
           | Ataturk understood very well when reforming Turkey.
        
             | pseingatl wrote:
             | Hand amputations for theft are not automatic, even in Saudi
             | Arabia. Even pickpockets preying on pilgrims in the
             | Prophet's Mosque do not automatically suffer the penalty.
             | 
             | However, many believe that this is the case. The erroneous
             | belief does tend to keep crime down.
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | Islamic law is understood by Muslims to be applied only in
             | an Islamic state. In a secular state, the consensus
             | understanding by Muslims is that the secular law is to be
             | followed. A secular state need not suppress Islam
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "A secular state need not suppress Islam"
               | 
               | What about a secular state that doesn't want to become an
               | Islamic state, but has a significant minority that has
               | the opposite wish?
               | 
               | AFAIK this is _the_ most important common political
               | problem across the Islamic world. Many organizations such
               | as the Muslim Brotherhood want to Islamize their
               | respective secular countries, some by peaceful means,
               | others by violence. There has already been at least a
               | dozen civil wars around that issue.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | A liberal secular state must respect the will of its
               | citizenry, whatever it is. It must also suppress violent
               | sedition with violence. Expressing that responsibility as
               | suppressing religion per se is counterproductive
        
               | surfingdino wrote:
               | Alas, religious people always want an exception to
               | secular rule of law and in some countries in the West
               | managed to carve out exceptions
               | 
               | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/applying-
               | sharia-l...
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | Secular law allows it's citizens discretions for settling
               | family disputes and inheritance. Religious people often
               | use that discretion to use religious rules from their
               | religion. Nonreligious people benefit from the same
               | discretion. This is not an exception from secular law,
               | all secular laws continue to apply.
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | So... To keep thieves from having hands cut or people from
             | having sexist inheritance, you need to North Korea the
             | poorest people in the world to keep them poorer?
             | 
             | This is ridiculous, quite frankly. You don't have to
             | approve of every law a foreign people have to not want to
             | basically terrorize them with a despot
        
           | protomolecule wrote:
           | You are confusing the cause and the effect.
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | This is a common take. I respect it but find it entirely
             | unconvincing
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | I find your take extremely naive.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | I sometimes even have faith in democracy, believe it or
               | not.
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | Have you heard of Christian extremists in the USSR which
               | is known for suppressing religion? Exactly.
               | 
               | Likewise Islam in Tatarstan is completely benign.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | The US cold war strategy of supporting Islamic extremism
               | in the USSR is well documented. I think the reading of
               | history that you are suggesting is naive
        
         | aenopix wrote:
         | They are exremist, they banned Eid celebrations, they banned
         | the Hijab....
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | > Tajikistan looks to be an interesting case of Islam being
         | kept in check
         | 
         | "In check" in this case means a 7-year civil war that ended up
         | with 1% of the country _dead_ and around 15% of the population
         | displaced.
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | What a lot of Westerners don't realize is this kind of
         | sentiment is exactly why Islamist parties and political groups
         | are so popular in the Muslim world.
         | 
         | If your only choice is extremely socially conservative,
         | democratic groups like the Muslim Brotherhood (or worse) or a
         | literal Kim Jong Un alike, then it's pretty obvious who you'd
         | choose.
         | 
         | This is resorting to extremism and terrorism, it's just
         | conducted by the army and police. Did you not hear how many
         | people were assassinated and killed by this dictator to
         | maintain iron grip control over the country? How is that not
         | terrorism?
        
       | rvense wrote:
       | An amazing place. I visited twice about 15 years ago and have
       | many fond memories of it, but mostly when I think about it I'm
       | filled with sadness, because the people there deserve so much
       | better. They're constantly knee-deep in corruption, both street
       | level and just the very blatant kleptocratic presidential family.
       | There's a lot of ethnic Russians, both expat workers and ones
       | that didn't manage to leave after the collapse of the Soviet
       | Union, that are very openly racist towards ethnic Tajiks but were
       | usually allowed to run free. The people were hospitable and open
       | and very happy to have guests in their country, but it also
       | seemed like a very bleak place, with few good prospects for the
       | future.
        
         | ssijak wrote:
         | Your description does not sound like an amazing place that you
         | said it is in the first sentence?
        
           | geoka9 wrote:
           | Some of the most beautiful mountain scenery I've ever seen
           | and very hospitable people. A very nice place to visit. Not a
           | very good place to live though unless you're so rich that you
           | don't have to rely on the local infrastructure and services
           | for survival and quality of life.
        
             | ssijak wrote:
             | I find life to also be bad if you are the only rich person
             | isolated in a bubble when 99% of the people are in extreme
             | poverty. You just can't feel good, unless you don't care.
        
               | brnt wrote:
               | Also, sharp gradients inherently incentivize attempts to
               | equalise. It is an unstable situation.
        
               | blackhawkC17 wrote:
               | Also makes you a target, living life constantly watching
               | your back and being careful about any stranger you meet.
               | 
               | There's a reason most rich people stick to developed
               | countries.
        
           | rvense wrote:
           | The people are friendly and welcoming, and the scenery is
           | amazing. As a tourist, I don't much mind paying a few bribes
           | to policemen (who barely get paid a wage), and I can stand to
           | keep my mouth shut about their president when I'm there (even
           | though he's obviously a bastard). But it's painful to think
           | what it must be like to live there and have nowhere else to
           | go.
        
             | protomolecule wrote:
             | "and have nowhere else to go"
             | 
             | Seriously?
             | 
             | "Migrant laborers are Tajikistan's top export. In 2019, the
             | remittances they sent from Russia exceeded $2.6 billion -
             | about triple the value of all other Tajik exports that year
             | combined, and equivalent to approximately 28 percent of
             | Tajikistan's GDP." [0]
             | 
             | "According to figures provided by the Interior Ministry of
             | the Russian Federation, more than 3 million Tajik citizens
             | were officially registered in Russia last year. In 2021,
             | 2,439,198 Tajik nationals reportedly stated "work" as their
             | reason for entering Russia; that is about one-quarter of
             | Tajikistan's entire population." [1]
             | 
             | [0] https://eurasianet.org/tajik-labor-migration-to-russia-
             | hits-...
             | 
             | [1] https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/society/2022
             | 0214/...
        
               | 0xdde wrote:
               | From the post:
               | 
               | > In 2014, Tajikistan was the most-remittance based
               | economy on earth, amounting to almost half of its GDP.
               | The countryside is dotted with half-finished concrete
               | homes which I was told were the long-term retirement
               | plans of Tajiks working abroad; they build their
               | structures for a few months each year over many years or
               | decades using trickles of funds earned from abroad. When
               | the structures are finished, they prepare them to be
               | their permanent homes once they retire from migrant work.
               | 
               | They aren't settling out of the country permanently and I
               | doubt the quality of life as a migrant worker in Russia
               | is spectacular.
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | They are.
               | 
               | "174,000 Tajiks became citizens of Russia in 2022, up
               | from 104,000 the year before." [0]
               | 
               | That's 1.5% of Tajikistan's population in a single year.
               | We are not building walls, you know.
               | 
               | [0] https://eurasianet.org/number-of-tajiks-seeking-to-
               | get-russi...
        
               | 0xdde wrote:
               | Your link suggests this is largely to remove red tape
               | while working in Russia. It does not answer how many are
               | settling long-term. There is of course also this little
               | complication:
               | 
               | > Anecdotal evidence suggests that recent recipients of
               | that status have been prioritized for military
               | mobilization as the Kremlin forges ahead with its
               | offensives against Ukraine.
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | The link suggests the opposite.
               | 
               | "While Tajik expatriates have some scant freedom of
               | movement and residency privileges in Russia as compared
               | to peers from most of the world outside the former Soviet
               | Union, they have limited access to accommodation and
               | credit, _making settling long-term a complicated
               | proposition_.
               | 
               | Migrant laborers also face recurrent costs like payment
               | for their work permits.
               | 
               | Holding _Russian citizenship makes many problems go
               | away_. "
               | 
               | "Anecdotal evidence"
               | 
               | Exactly.
        
               | ddulaney wrote:
               | And the people who are left are the ones who cannot
               | leave.
               | 
               | This is a pretty common pattern: there's a portion of the
               | population that is mobile and can freely move around, and
               | the rest of the population is stuck in place for one
               | reason or another. When Venezuela went through its
               | instability a couple years ago, about 20-30% of the
               | population left [0]. Syria had 30-40% leave [1]. Ukraine
               | had about 15% leave the country, but more were displaced
               | from the warzone as internal refugees.
               | 
               | So when you say that "about one-quarter of Tajikistan's
               | entire population" went to Russia for work, that suggests
               | that economic conditions are at the same general class as
               | 2018 Venezuela or 2012 Syria, where everybody who easily
               | can move has moved. The people are left really do have
               | nowhere else to go.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.iom.int/venezuelan-refugee-and-migrant-
               | crisis [1]: https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-
               | refugee-crisis-explain...
        
               | protomolecule wrote:
               | Ones who stayed likely to have relatives who moved to
               | work in Russia and are sending money back.
        
         | ashilfarahmand wrote:
         | I visited last year. I agree with everything you said. It was
         | beautiful. I didn't notice many Russians there at all though.
         | Many more in the surrounding stans.
        
         | justsomehnguy wrote:
         | > ones that didn't manage to leave after the collapse of the
         | Soviet Union
         | 
         | > openly racist towards ethnic Tajiks
         | 
         | Makes me wonder, maybe _something_ happened between ethnic
         | Tajiks and ethnic Russians between Soviet Union collapse and
         | the present.
        
           | ashilfarahmand wrote:
           | OP visited about 15 years ago so if you are hinting at the
           | more recent event, it doesn't sound relevant. And if it is
           | not that, I'm not sure what you are hinting at.
        
             | anamexis wrote:
             | Most likely the Tajikistani Civil War, 1992-1997.
        
             | shakow wrote:
             | > I'm not sure what you are hinting at.
             | 
             | Probably the various ethnic cleansings that happened in the
             | *stans at the fall of the USSR, where most more western
             | ethnicities (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarussians, Armenians,
             | ...) were at best swiftly & firmly reconducted to the
             | nearest airport, and at worst killed on the spot.
        
         | protomolecule wrote:
         | "There's a lot of ethnic Russians, both expat workers and ones
         | that didn't manage to leave after the collapse of the Soviet
         | Union, that are very openly racist towards ethnic Tajiks but
         | were usually allowed to run free."
         | 
         | You mean Russians that survived ethnic cleansing in the 90s?
         | 
         | "More than half the estimated 380,000 Russians in Tajikistan
         | have fled since the violence began. Tajikistan has been
         | criticized by the Amnesty International for human rights abuses
         | against returning refugees (The AP, 05/25/93)." [0]
         | 
         | " the very blatant kleptocratic presidential family"
         | 
         | Who haven't let radical islamists turn Tajikistan into
         | extremist's stronghold like Afghanistan after the USSR lost the
         | war.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230521232353/https://...
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | > _many fond memories of it, but mostly when I think about it I
         | 'm filled with sadness, because the people there deserve so
         | much better. They're constantly knee-deep in corruption, both
         | street level and just the very blatant kleptocratic
         | presidential family_
         | 
         | I spent 2 years driving the length of the Pan-American Highway,
         | and 3 years driving right around the African continent.
         | 
         | What you said can equally be applied to _many_ places I spent a
         | good deal of time in. Incredibly friendly, warm, kind and happy
         | people to a degree I did not know was possible on planet earth.
         | Sadly they 're held down by corruption, ineptitude and the
         | West.
         | 
         | Happily, virtually every single person laughs, sings, dances
         | and celebrates basically everyday, because they choose to be
         | vibrantly happy despite all the BS.
        
           | blackhawkC17 wrote:
           | > Incredibly friendly, warm, kind and happy people to a
           | degree I did not know was possible on planet earth. Sadly
           | they're held down by corruption, ineptitude and the West.
           | 
           | The problems are significantly of their own doing. I live in
           | one such country (Nigeria), and many people say the same
           | thing about my people- warm, friendly, and whatever.
           | 
           | But being warm and friendly doesn't build a successful
           | nation. Tribalism, high tolerance for corruption from the
           | locals, and lack of the rule of law are what ruin these
           | countries, and citizens are either too apathetic or
           | outrightly support the same incompetent leaders ruining them.
           | 
           | Besides, some people are friendly to white foreigners but
           | hostile to locals from another tribe.
        
       | medwards666 wrote:
       | I spent a fortnight with a small group of friends motorcycling
       | along the Pamir highway back in 2022, then another week or so
       | over in Kazakhstan (off the bikes this time).
       | 
       | Fascinating pair of countries, and highly recommended to go
       | travel and get off the beaten track.
        
         | stef25 wrote:
         | Dream trip. Your own bikes ? How "free" were you and how
         | difficult was it ? I've traveled by motorbike on 4 continent
         | now and am dying to visit central asia to do more of that.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | I wanted to go once but heard that either the taliban or al queda
       | were in the area, which is unideal as an American citizen. Is
       | that not the case anymore?
        
         | geoka9 wrote:
         | Taliban (across the Panj river) has been a threat until
         | recently. But for now they seem to be friends with Russia and
         | Tajikistan has always been a Russian client state.
        
           | rvense wrote:
           | Have the Taliban ever conducted any operations in Tajikistan?
           | I know people go back and forth over the river (I went to
           | Badakshan once and saw them swim across!), so there's
           | contact, but I don't think the Taliban have a habit of going
           | to Tajikistan to take hostages or anything like that?
        
             | geoka9 wrote:
             | I haven't heard of any, FWIW. And they are the official
             | government in Afghanistan now, so I would think it's not
             | their thing anymore? (I can be wrong, of course.)
        
             | ashilfarahmand wrote:
             | > Have the Taliban ever conducted any operations in
             | Tajikistan? I know people go back and forth over the river
             | (I went to Badakshan once and saw them swim across!), so
             | there's contact, but I don't think the Taliban have a habit
             | of going to Tajikistan to take hostages or anything like
             | that?
             | 
             | I don't think they have. It also wouldn't really make sense
             | for them to do that. The Taliban mostly have issues with
             | Iran and Pakistan so you will see conflicts with these
             | nations most often in the news. I've never heard of them in
             | conflict with any of the other stans. Badakhshan is also
             | quite distant from the core of Taliban power which is
             | mostly in the South. Northern Afghanistan is traditionally
             | Northern Alliance territory.
        
               | rvense wrote:
               | The Taliban might be keeping more of an eye on the border
               | than the previous Afghan government did, though, for that
               | reason.
        
           | ashilfarahmand wrote:
           | I think they were on high alert up until recently and are now
           | in the process of trying to figure out how to get along with
           | them. On the border areas, there were a handful of markets in
           | the mountain villages where they allowed Afghans to cross the
           | border to sell products. These markets were shut down once
           | the Taliban took over but have recently been re-opened
           | (within the last month or two).
           | 
           | As of last year but probably since the Taliban came to power,
           | Tajikistan has has military checkpoints along the border.
           | Also, I don't know about for all seasons but during the
           | summer, the river seemed too fast to be crossable along most
           | parts of the border.
        
         | rvense wrote:
         | There has been, as far as I know, one single case of tourists
         | being attacked (and killed) by militant Islamists, which
         | happened a few years ago. So statistically it's probably safer
         | than a lot of places. There is significant resistance to the
         | regime under the surface, but everything is still held together
         | by an aging, kleptocratic authoritarian. So in some sense it's
         | a volatile place, and the situation could obviously change
         | significantly in a matter of hours or days in a way that's
         | unlikely to happen in, say, Europe. (Or at least Europe of five
         | years ago...)
         | 
         | I think it is still a very safe place to visit, and many
         | tourists, including Americans, visit every year. Extreme things
         | can happen anywhere. The likelihood of getting mugged I'd say
         | is effectively zero, at least compared to London or Barcelona.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | Good perspective, thank you for sharing :) I think I
           | originally saw my concern in this "The World's Most Dangerous
           | Places" book which is probably incentivized to exaggerate a
           | little bit (https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Peltons-Worlds-
           | Dangerous-Place...)
        
       | culebron21 wrote:
       | The Beatles haircut is also common in Dagestan in Russia, being
       | source of jokes (e.g. https://imgur.com/a/eiGyw7E)
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | That's because they were back in the USSR!
        
       | numbers wrote:
       | I love this style of writing and how it introduces a place I
       | almost never thought about before. I didn't know anything about
       | Tajikstan except its name so this was all new information. Thank
       | you!
        
       | wbl wrote:
       | So snow at 13,000 feet in the summer, deep inland. How has there
       | not been attempts to develop this for alpine sports? The quality
       | of the snowfall plus the terrain seems made for it.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | As mentioned towards the end of TFA, there is a ski resort:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safed_Dara
        
       | justsomehnguy wrote:
       | > Sadly, the Dushanbe flagpole lost its status as the world's
       | tallest in 2014, only three years after its construction, to the
       | Jeddah Flagpole in Saudi Arabia, which I have already seen
       | without knowing its illustrious status in the world flagpole
       | standings:
       | 
       | > I have to admit that I find it kind of funny that Tajikistan
       | spent $3.5 million to win an extremely petty international
       | prestige project contest, and then it lost a few years later to a
       | country with 30X the GDP per capita and 100X the GDP. Saudi
       | Arabia's lead lasted for seven years until Egypt took the top
       | spot and _Russia_ slid into second place
       | 
       | Quite amusing to see how a man writes about _-stan_ and Saudi
       | Arabia but his mind is firmly not on these countries.
       | 
       | > On this particular point and some others, I wondered whether my
       | companion had an overly rosy and maybe sanitized view of Tajik
       | culture, which isn't uncommon for immigrants to have toward their
       | homeland.
       | 
       | Or maybe he didn't want to speak freely with some foreign rando.
       | Especially some foreign rando _from America_. Cue in the next
       | three paragraphs.
       | 
       | > due to an apparent combination of local fashion sensibilities
       | and I guess fabulous Persian hair
       | 
       | That's a funny observation but this is how you instantly
       | recognize Tajik from any other guy from Central Asia.
       | 
       | > How can two countries have so many military fights that result
       | in direct casualties, including straight-up artillery barrages
       | over the border, and not actually declare war on one another?
       | 
       | > I have no idea.
       | 
       | I have no idea how some country can travel to literally the other
       | side of the planet and yet not actually declare war on the
       | country it is invading. *shrug_emoji*
       | 
       | > And of the better armed one-third, I swear, most didn't have
       | clips in their AKs. Meaning, they either carried no ammo or only
       | a single round in the chamber.
       | 
       | Or they are required not to have a loaded magazine[0] in the
       | firearm because they aren't in the constant direct threat and
       | don't have a need to respond _instantly_.
       | 
       | I know, it's hard to comprehend to someone from _" I bring a
       | loaded AR in Taco Bell (along with two Glocks and assortments of
       | EDC tactical knifes) else I'm feel like naked"_ nation, but no
       | magazine in a firearm doesn't mean there is no magazines at all.
       | 
       | > Claim 2: The "Taj" in "Taj Mahal" refers to the Tajik people.
       | 
       | After the turmoils of 1990s many ex-USSR countries tried to
       | invent their ancient connections, so if you hear something along
       | that - keep a salt shaker nearby.
       | 
       | > Buzkashi
       | 
       | Oh, yes, a lot of this types of.. activities in the Central Asia.
       | The included video is hilarious for the reaction of the announcer
       | and the comments[1]
       | 
       | Overall this article is.. obviously biased by the US-tinted
       | glasses. I found myself reading it for the author perspective,
       | less for the actual content.
       | 
       | [0] Yes, it's a magazine:
       | 
       | > Clip (firearms)
       | 
       | > Not to be confused with Magazine (firearms).
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clip_(firearms)
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)
       | 
       | [1] It's in the article but if you are lost:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JUn8MsEyPs
        
         | thriftwy wrote:
         | > and Russia slid into second place
         | 
         | I also struggled there, perhaps that's the wording for Russia
         | doing some flagpoling without claiming 1st place at any point
         | of time.
         | 
         | There's three awfully huge flag poles in St. Petersburg erected
         | last year, perhaps these are the culprits of that sentence. For
         | the curious, these exhibit Emperors' flag, Soviet hammer-
         | sickled and Russian tricolor.
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | The whole thing is great and worth reading, but I wanted to
       | highlight this anecdote:
       | 
       | > I asked about the criminal justice system and I was told there
       | wasn't much of a formal one. My companion explained that most
       | matters were handled internally by families. For instance, if a
       | 20-something got in a fight with another 20-something and the
       | cops got involved, the police would most likely contact the
       | families and let the parents and brothers sort that shit out with
       | a warning not to cause trouble again. The families would enforce
       | order through shaming, threats of social ostracization, and
       | possibly physical violence.
        
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