[HN Gopher] Vannevar Bush Engineered the 20th Century
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       Vannevar Bush Engineered the 20th Century
        
       Author : cyberlimerence
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2024-06-18 13:35 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | eatonphil wrote:
       | I've been reading the mentioned Bush memoir "Pieces of the
       | Action" and it's pretty good. Stories about engineering and
       | organizational politics. As good as any business classic (e.g.
       | "My Years With General Motors" or "High Output Management").
        
       | jauntywundrkind wrote:
       | > _Bush's pivotal contribution was his creation of the "research
       | contract," whereby public funds are awarded to civilian
       | scientists and engineers based on effort, not just outcomes (as
       | had been normal before World War II). This freedom to try new
       | things and take risks transformed relations between government,
       | business, and academia. By the end of the war, Bush's research
       | organization was spending US $3 million a week (about $52 million
       | in today's dollars) on some 6,000 researchers, most of them
       | university professors and corporate engineers._
       | 
       | I wish I could see a lot more parallels to this. Right now the
       | only thing that jumps to mind is the NLNet grants.
       | 
       | The recent round of 45 NGI Zero grants was announced just
       | yesterday, https://nlnet.nl/news/2024/20240618-Call-
       | announcement.html https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40720037 .
       | But in general, if I'm looking for something inspiring or
       | hopeful, I'll often see what NLNet sponsored folks have been up
       | to; https://hn.algolia.com/?query=nlnet&sort=byDate
        
       | transpute wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush
       | 
       |  _> Compton 's deputy, Alfred Loomis, said that "of the men whose
       | death in the Summer of 1940 would have been the greatest calamity
       | for America, the President is first, and Dr. Bush would be second
       | or third." Bush was fond of saying that "if he made any important
       | contribution to the war effort at all, it would be to get the
       | Army and Navy to tell each other what they were doing."
       | 
       | > His most difficult problems, and also greatest successes, were
       | keeping the confidence of the military, which distrusted the
       | ability of civilians to observe security regulations and devise
       | practical solutions, and opposing conscription of young
       | scientists into the armed forces.. OSRD requested deferments for
       | some 9,725 employees of OSRD contractors, of which all but 63
       | were granted. In his obituary, The New York Times described Bush
       | as "a master craftsman at steering around obstacles, whether they
       | were technical or political or bull-headed generals and
       | admirals."
       | 
       | > In "As We May Think", an essay published by the Atlantic
       | Monthly in July 1945, Bush wrote: "This has not been a
       | scientist's war; it has been a war in which all have had a part.
       | The scientists, burying their old professional competition in the
       | demand of a common cause, have shared greatly and learned much.
       | It has been exhilarating to work in effective partnership."_
        
       | ricksunny wrote:
       | I gave a talk on Vannevar Bush & innovation at a 'pop-up city'
       | just two weeks ago:
       | 
       | https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11rXfniJtbvzAgSMv2Wpx...
       | 
       | He really transformed US innovation. Some good, some
       | questionable, and some stories probably yet to be told. Hope you
       | enjoy. I'm working on uploading the video of the talk here over
       | the next couple of days. If any questions I'll try to field them
       | here.
        
         | ricksunny wrote:
         | I think the most enduring mystery of #Vannevar Bush is why his
         | name is no longer a household one today, in the way that
         | Edison's is or that we have every reason to expect Musk's to be
         | 80 years from now.
         | 
         | This is one article that speaks to that, notably writing from
         | 1990. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-
         | xpm-1990-05-24-fi-444-st...
         | 
         | By the way, I do recommend reading what remains the only
         | biography of Vannevar, "Endless Frontier", written by the same
         | author as OP's article, G Pascal Zachary. It is quite good. The
         | subject probably merits multiple biographies just as many other
         | pivotal people in history also have multiple biographies to
         | provide different angles or more nuance as more information
         | comes to light.
        
           | eatonphil wrote:
           | Thank you for the recommendation! That book looks great.
           | 
           | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/475762.Endless_Frontier
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | Zachary's a good writer. HN denizens might know him for
             | "Showstopper!", about Dave Cutler's project at Microsoft to
             | remake VMS as WNT.
        
           | transpute wrote:
           | Good article, thanks.
           | 
           |  _> Bush knew how to map, build and manage the relationships
           | and organizations necessary to get things done. He knew how
           | to craft the human networks that could build the
           | technological networks.. At OSRD's height.. roughly two-
           | thirds of the nation's physicists were working for him.. Bush
           | ambiguously noted that his role was far more administrative
           | than technical: "I made no technical contribution to the war
           | effort," he wrote. "Not a single idea of mine ever amounted
           | to shucks. At times, I have been called an 'atomic
           | scientist.' It would be fully as accurate to call me a child
           | psychologist."_
        
           | tcmart14 wrote:
           | My guess is that because Bush, from my memory of everything I
           | learned about him, was mostly behind the scenes. Edison for
           | example, kept himself in the news as the face of everything,
           | even doing photo-ops to present himself as an eccentric
           | genius. Bush was preferred to be glue behind the scenes for
           | the most part. Probably like how we may all know Eisenhower
           | as the face of D-Day, who yes, played a big role, but none of
           | us probably know the name of the guy on his staff who handled
           | every excruciating detail of the logistics of it all (which
           | is probably one of the most impressive parts of D-Day).
           | 
           | Addition: Also sort of like how everyone knows Edison as the
           | man behind the light bulb, but not very many people can name
           | the people on Edison's team that helped with the light bulb.
        
           | ricksunny wrote:
           | Here is the talk, the biographical background part is the
           | first 20 mins, and the innovation lessons part is the last 17
           | mins. (Pardon the rushed editing):
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/pKCfeBWXcCI
        
       | recursivedoubts wrote:
       | interesting thing about bush was that his computing background
       | was heavily analog, to the point that the digital switch
       | eventually left him out of the action:
       | 
       |  _> Bush gradually drifted into the backwaters of science and
       | technology. The rise of digital computing passed him by: an
       | analog man to the end, he underrated the possibilities of digital
       | technology. He did, however, make one contribution to the field.
       | His "memex"--an idea for a machine that could store and connect
       | information and thus work as an artificial aid to memory--later
       | inspired others to create a version in digital form: hypertext.
       | Wikipedia entries, with their hyperlinks taking readers ever
       | deeper and wider, would likely have pleased Bush despite their
       | digital form._
       | 
       | https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/the-rise-and...
       | 
       | that's one thing that strikes me about the memex: it's very
       | analog and, to me, that makes it seem like less of a direct line
       | to the modern notions of hypertext, at least on first glance
        
         | transpute wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush
         | 
         |  _> In September 1940, Norbert Wiener approached Bush with a
         | proposal to build a digital computer. Bush declined to provide
         | NDRC funding for it on the grounds that he did not believe that
         | it could be completed before the end of the war. The supporters
         | of digital computers were disappointed at the decision, which
         | they attributed to a preference for outmoded analog technology.
         | In June 1943, the Army provided $500,000 to build the computer,
         | which became ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic
         | computer. Having delayed its funding, Bush 's prediction proved
         | correct as ENIAC was not completed until December 1945, after
         | the war had ended. His critics saw his attitude as a failure of
         | vision._
        
       | pjmorris wrote:
       | He shows up as a key early player in 'The Dream Machine', Michael
       | Waldrop, which follows JCR Licklider's career including the early
       | development of what became the personal computer and the
       | internet.
        
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