[HN Gopher] Japanese words and names sound African (2022)
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       Japanese words and names sound African (2022)
        
       Author : eatonphil
       Score  : 77 points
       Date   : 2024-06-16 18:20 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.farooqkperogi.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.farooqkperogi.com)
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | Because the Bantu languages (most prominently: Swahili) and
       | Japanese have similar sound systems. Finnish is also oddly
       | similar-sounding, or Hawaiian. None of them are actually related.
       | 
       | It's because the syllable is restricted in the number of possible
       | forms, in a similar way. (And they all have approximately five
       | vowels. And a pitch accent.) In Hawaiian, nothing but consonant +
       | vowel syllables are possible. Swahili and Japanese allow an
       | optional final n sound. Finnish is a little more flexible, and
       | syllables can end with an n, r, l or t. No consonant clusters, in
       | any of the languages. No syllables ending with consonants outside
       | the restricted set (if any), in any of the languages.
       | 
       | This results in a lot of syllables of the form: i, a, ne, na, ka,
       | ta, po, to... "Pokatokaino". I just made that up and it's
       | probably not a Swahili, Finnish, Hawaiian, or Japanese word --
       | but it could be.
       | 
       | This basic pattern (consonant + vowel + maybe limited option for
       | final consonant) is very common; it's the most common arrangement
       | among the worlds languages. Far more common than languages like
       | English which allow monstrosities like "strengths" (which is 6
       | consonants and one vowel).
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | > _Pokatokaino_
         | 
         | According to Google Translate, that would be "shortcuts" in
         | Maori. (Reverse, "Pokatata".) Nice!
        
           | Nition wrote:
           | Maori is also another language that has the same vowel sounds
           | as Japanese.
           | 
           | Google is being generous in interpreting a nonsense word
           | there though, Pokatata (as you saw when reversing the
           | translation) is the correct spelling.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | > _Google is being generous in interpreting a nonsense
             | word_
             | 
             | My prudential 'would' (not to mention the safety reverse
             | check) saved me again... ;)
        
             | latentsea wrote:
             | If you know Japanese go to Google maps and scroll around
             | New Zealand and see how many Maori place names actually
             | make sense in Japanese.
             | 
             | There's quite a few fun ones that do. Paraparaumu,
             | matamata, tearai etc. Plenty more.
        
           | e12e wrote:
           | I believe Hawaiian and Maori are somewhat related (Eastern
           | Polynesian family)?
        
         | RachelF wrote:
         | Something amusing about Japanese vs Xhosa (a Bantu language) is
         | that their words for yes and no are reversed:
         | 
         | Japanese Hai = yes, Xhosa - Hai is a no
         | 
         | Japanese eeye = no, Xhosa - ewe is yes
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Amusing as long as you don't agree to something stupid I
           | guess ..
           | 
           | Are they pronounced very similar?
        
         | shiomiru wrote:
         | Nit: pokatokaino is unlikely to be Japanese, since word-initial
         | p has morphed into h during the centuries. But it works if you
         | turn it into, say, t.
         | 
         | Anyway, I think there's another factor: the common alphabet we
         | transliterate these languages to is quite limited. I suspect
         | the similarities become less obvious if you use something like
         | the IPA, which has better universal correspondence between
         | sounds and letters (i.e. doesn't reduce every sound to the same
         | ~26 symbols).
        
           | fjdjshsh wrote:
           | That's a good point. Latin letters map to a big number of IPA
           | sounds. I think this is specially true with consonants.
           | Vowels, however, might be the same. For example, Spanish has
           | five vowels (a, e, i, o, u in IPA). Japanese also has five
           | IPA vowels and only the "u" is different in IPA
        
             | kagevf wrote:
             | I don't know IPA, but Japanese e and Spanish e are also
             | different. Spanish e is like English A in "ace", Japanese e
             | is closer to English "eh".
        
               | trealira wrote:
               | That's the difference between [e] and [e] in IPA (in IPA,
               | with "narrow" phonetic transcription, you enclose the
               | sounds in brackets). In American English, "ace" is [eIs]
               | and "mess" is [mes]. But I don't think that's right; I'm
               | pretty sure both the Japanese e and Spanish e sound
               | exactly the same.
               | 
               | And if you pronounced [e] and [e] to native speakers of
               | either Spanish or Japanese, they most likely wouldn't be
               | able to differentiate the two sounds consistently without
               | having had training. I know that in Spanish, realization
               | of e can be either vowel depending on the speaker and
               | context; they might pronounce "tierra" as [tjera] and
               | "mesa" as [mesa].
        
               | kagevf wrote:
               | Japanese e would only ever be [e]. The constructs to
               | produce an [e] sound would be transliterated as "ei" (the
               | quoted are just letters, not meant to be IPA).
               | 
               | So, while I disagree that they sound "exactly the same",
               | I do agree that in most cases the differences between [e]
               | and [e] wouldn't be enough to cause confusion between
               | speakers of either language.
        
             | semi-extrinsic wrote:
             | As a speaker of Scandinavian languages, literally none of
             | the vowels in English map correctly to how we pronounce the
             | same vowels. Several of the English vowels are diphthongs,
             | which we spell out with double vowels. Like eng. "i" is our
             | "ai", eng. "a" is our "ei" - "a bridge" is translated to
             | "ei bro", where the articles are pronounced exactly the
             | same. Or the Scottish word for home, "hame", is pronounced
             | _exactly_ like we say the same word,  "heim".
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | English vowels are weird compared to most continental
               | European languages, to be fair.
        
               | meowface wrote:
               | To add to the confusion, in English people might
               | pronounce the article "a" as "ei" (like when reciting
               | "ABC") or "uh" (like the start of "under"). I think most
               | Americans do the latter. I do, at least.
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | Japanese does allow for word initial P in loan words, like
           | Pokemon, so the sound isn't impossible in Japanese. And
           | pachinko is a Japanese word.
        
             | shiomiru wrote:
             | Fair; though I didn't say it's impossible, just unlikely :)
             | 
             | Japanese words starting with "p" still exist, but they tend
             | to be loanwords (pokemon = pocket + monster) or
             | onomatopoeia (pachinko = pachin + ko). Thinking of it now,
             | pokapoka is also a word, but again, an onomatopoeia.
        
               | thih9 wrote:
               | I thought of Pocky, but turns out this is an onomatopoeia
               | too
               | 
               | > It was named after the Japanese onomatopoeic word
               | pokkiri (potsukiri), which is supposed to resemble the
               | sound of the snack being cracked.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocky
        
               | latentsea wrote:
               | What about pakuri? and potsukari?
        
             | wwilim wrote:
             | Poka-yoke
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | those are imported words.
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | To be fair, Pokemon is abbreviated English, while pachinko
             | is recent from pachin, the onomatopoeia of the loud sound
             | made by the metal balls.
             | 
             | I believe the change into "h" sounds is more applied to
             | words that were traditionally initiated in "p" but morphed
             | over time, in turn also making words starting on "p" an
             | oddity.
        
           | ithkuil wrote:
           | There are other subtle rules that language may follow in word
           | formation.
           | 
           | For example, in Japanese, a word like tokatokaino may mutate
           | into tokadokaino due to a phonological effect called Rendaku
           | (it depends on details like if "tokadokaino" is a compound
           | word made of "toka"+"toka"+"ino")
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | Is this the reason that we call Toyoda's company by the
             | name Toyota?
        
               | Macha wrote:
               | So Toyota has a company folklore explanation to do with
               | the number of strokes when written in hiragana being a
               | lucky number, but Japanese linguists were skeptical when
               | the BBC did a piece on it and think it was just a
               | preference for the unvoiced version when the town in
               | which it was founded changed its name to match the
               | company: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-
               | pacific/8534294.stm
        
         | quinnirill wrote:
         | Pokatokaino is indeed not a Finnish word, but contains
         | multiple: Pokat - slang for sunglasses, Kato - slang version of
         | katso (look), Toka - slang version of toinen (ordinal second),
         | Kaino - timid/coy.
         | 
         | Finnish has umlauts though, so quite a lot of words don't sound
         | like the mentioned languages so much.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _Pokat - slang for sunglasses, Kato - slang version of
           | katso (look), Toka - slang version of toinen (ordinal
           | second), Kaino - timid /coy_
           | 
           | sounds like if you give it a shy 2nd look through these
           | glasses, in the dim light it works as a word!
        
         | District5524 wrote:
         | Speaking of similar sound system of Finnish and Japenese, I
         | think we should highlight the discredited language family claim
         | of Uralic-Altaic, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural-
         | Altaic_languages You can still find tons of other theories of
         | "what else could be related to Uralic"... So far, no African
         | languages were included in these theories. But that's probably
         | just a question of time and politics (and definitely not
         | linguistic research...)
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _the discredited language family claim of Uralic-Altaic_
           | 
           | I'd substitute "doubtful" for "discredited".
           | 
           | The article you link says nothing more damning than "It is
           | now generally agreed [wrt Ural-Altaic] that even the Altaic
           | languages [themselves] do not share a common descent: the
           | similarities between Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic are
           | _better explained_ by diffusion and borrowing ", but that
           | wiki comment is a paraphrasal of a source that says "a
           | pattern [that] is _easily explainable_ by borrowing and
           | diffusion rather than common descent ", i.e. not "better",
           | just weakening that alternate claim.
           | 
           | Also, the Altaic article says that there is still a small
           | group of scholars who adhere to an "Altaic" grouping.
           | 
           | And I would add, the lack of existence of an "Altaic" common
           | ancestor to Mongolic, Turkic, Tungusic, and Koreanic says
           | nothing about potential connections between Uralic and any of
           | those 4 independent languages.
           | 
           | I'm not expert enough to advocate any position, but I'm
           | interested and it's irritating when I pursue researching my
           | interest to discover people slightly misquoting others or
           | ignoring additional possiblities to make their own pov
           | stronger.
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | That's interesting.
         | 
         | From an English perspective katakana (a system for writing
         | words foreign to Japan, which can't write English very well)
         | seems broken, but I guess from what you say that it's probably
         | effective for most languages
        
           | sdrothrock wrote:
           | It may be "broken" in the sense that it's not accurate to the
           | original language in orthography or pronunciation, but it's
           | great because it's internally consistent for speakers of
           | Japanese. I can look at any foreign word in katakana and
           | instantly know how to pronounce it in a way that is
           | intelligible to other people in the language I'm speaking:
           | Japanese.
           | 
           | Even with the way English does it for other languages that
           | use the same alphabet, while the orthography may be similar,
           | the pronunciation is generally just left to luck and the
           | speaker's/listener's perception of the word's original
           | language.
        
         | casey2 wrote:
         | Yep it's just the coincidence of a simple sound system and
         | finding patterns where none exist. For example saying ba means
         | horse in Japanese isn't exactly correct, horse is uma, ba is
         | just the closest sound that exists which allows Japanese people
         | to pronounce Chinese words like Ma Li  circa whenever that word
         | was added to the language, if they took it today it would be
         | ma.
         | 
         | It's the equivalent of Latin or Greek words and affixes in
         | English.
        
       | jkuria wrote:
       | btw, there was once a consular official who worked at the
       | Japanese embassy in Kenya, whose name was Mr. Kuma Moto. Every
       | time he was introduced, it was hard for folks to suppress their
       | laughter as the name literally meant "hot vagina" (in Kiswahili
       | the noun goes first)
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | seems like the Kumamoto oysters might prove a popular appetizer
         | there
        
         | latentsea wrote:
         | I guess Kumamoto prefecture is popular with Kenyan tourists
         | then?
         | 
         | I guess it'd be like if there was someone who worked at the
         | Russian embassy in Japanese and was named Mankovich because it
         | would be rendered as mankobitsuchi pussy bitch.
        
       | ijidak wrote:
       | When viewing my resume, my name, Ayo Ijidakinro (Nigerian), is
       | often mistaken for Japanese.
       | 
       | Especially because I had on my resume that I speak some Japanese.
       | 
       | When I show up for the interview there is surprise.
       | 
       | The syllables are identical.
       | 
       | A-yo I-ji-da-kin-ro
       | 
       | a-yo i-zi-da-ki-n-ro
       | 
       | Have always found it interesting.
        
         | ashirviskas wrote:
         | That's interesting, because Kinro or ki-n-ro is an actual name
         | in Japanese (or at least some Anime that I watch)
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | I want a historical fantasy explanation for this.
       | 
       | Just seems like it would be a fun world to explore.
        
       | Almondsetat wrote:
       | This article is just a list of examples. You will not find an
       | answer
        
         | zekrioca wrote:
         | It is interesting, the author even added a "Why?" In the
         | article's title, but couldn't come with one.
        
       | adastra22 wrote:
       | > People who pay attention to politics are probably familiar with
       | the late Senator Gyang Nyam Shom Pwajok. Names can't get more
       | Chinese than that!
       | 
       | That does not even remotely sound Chinese. Korean, maybe.
        
         | routerl wrote:
         | > Shok Jok. That name could pass for a Mandarin or Cantonese
         | name.
         | 
         | These sounds do not exist in Mandarin. This would never be, or
         | sound like, a Mandarin name. And no mention is made of tones,
         | which are critical in Mandarin.
         | 
         | The article already smelled of a bovid's feces, but at this
         | point I actually saw the bullshit.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Gyang Nyam definitely sounds Korean (thanks to that old meme),
         | but then Shom Pwajok is less discernable -- it's like a hint of
         | Thai or some other southeast Asian language.
        
         | yongjik wrote:
         | While they _could_ be valid Korean syllables, they don 't sound
         | like Korean names, either. The only words containing "gyang" or
         | "nyam" I can think of are slangs or onomatopoeia, and I don't
         | think I've seen "shom" or "pwa" in the wild.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | A similar phenomenon https://youtu.be/uGkLjfPWqeI
        
       | jbs789 wrote:
       | So do we know why? Apologies if I've missed this.
        
         | robxorb wrote:
         | The article seems to say it's random chance, based upon one
         | linguists opinion. Doesn't at all feel right statistically.
         | Seems more likely there would be some kind of missing link.
         | Could someone better informed possibly figure out the odds?
        
           | kgeist wrote:
           | >Doesn't at all feel right statistically
           | 
           | Why not? Many unrelated languages steer towards the open
           | syllable rule. It's basically the only similarity between
           | Japanese and African languages. Open syllables without
           | complex consonant clusters are easier to pronounce.
           | 
           | Say, Proto-Slavic phonetics mostly allowed only open
           | syllables, although its ancestor and descendants allow more
           | complex clusters. For example, Proto-Indoeuropean domos
           | "house" became Proto-Slavic domu, and mater "mother" became
           | mati.
           | 
           | Let's list some Proto-Slavic words: noga "foot", ronka
           | "hand", nosu "nose", oko "eye", podushiwa "foot sole", noguti
           | "nail" etc.
           | 
           | You can cherrypick many languages like that (Finnish, Maori,
           | Basque, even French to some extent)
           | 
           | It would be much more surprising if they found 2 unrelated
           | languages and they both had same complex clusters a la
           | Georgian (mtsvrtneli "trainer").
        
       | buzer wrote:
       | > Finnish is a little more flexible, and syllables can end with
       | an n, r, l or t. No consonant clusters, in any of the languages.
       | No syllables ending with consonants outside the restricted set
       | (if any)
       | 
       | What do you mean? There are words like Ahti (Ah), ankerias (as),
       | isku (is) or lapsi (lap) which contain syllables that end in
       | consonants other than n, r, l or t. There are also a lot of words
       | with double consonants (like jarru, lasso, noppa, nurkka) where
       | syllable get split at the middle.
        
       | thevillagechief wrote:
       | There is a whole genre of puns in Swahili relating to Japanese
       | names, some real some made up.
        
         | SonOfLilit wrote:
         | In Hebrew too, most famously Ishimoto sounds like Ish (guy) 'im
         | (with) Otto (car) so is considered a good name for a driver.
         | I'll leave you to figure out why Sakimkaki is a good word for
         | "diaper", and yes, I know that can't be japanese because of the
         | m, but most Hebrew speakers don't.
        
       | slaser79 wrote:
       | Yes interesting elephant in Japanese is almost the same word in
       | Shona (a bantu language of Zimbabwe) nzou vs zou and sound very
       | similar. Many words have similar structures. Many shona names
       | could be mistaken to be Japanese.
        
         | bouncycastle wrote:
         | zou is actually the onyomi (Chinese origin) reading. I guess
         | the sound has been morphed since Japanese doesn't have tones
         | like Chinese.
        
       | aragonite wrote:
       | Then there are real coincidences, like 'Muratori', which is both
       | an Italian name [1] (Casey Muratori) and a real (though somewhat
       | rare) Japanese name. [2]
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muratori
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=muratori+%E6%9D%91%E9%B3%A...
        
       | Unbefleckt wrote:
       | What language is African
        
       | xelxebar wrote:
       | There's also this tome, which lists thousands of cognates between
       | latin and Japanese: https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA80581101
       | 
       | It's trying to make the claim that these are etymological
       | connections, which is a bit sketchy, but the phonological
       | similarities it has meticulously catalogued are surprisingly
       | convincing!
        
       | latentsea wrote:
       | Everytime I listen to Waka Waka by Shakira in the chorus I always
       | sing saaminna, minnasankoreha, Xue haaaaa
        
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