[HN Gopher] The Raspberry Pi 5 Is No Match for a Tini-Mini-Micro PC
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Raspberry Pi 5 Is No Match for a Tini-Mini-Micro PC
        
       Author : louwrentius
       Score  : 290 points
       Date   : 2024-06-16 15:38 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (louwrentius.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (louwrentius.com)
        
       | louwrentius wrote:
       | Depending on what you want to do, the Pi may still be a good
       | option, yet I think it's good that people are aware of
       | alternatives such as these second-hand mini PCs.
        
       | supportengineer wrote:
       | Advantages of Raspberry Pi: No fans, no moving parts, no dust.
       | Huge amount of software, documentation, support available.
        
         | linux2647 wrote:
         | Though a fan is recommended for the 4 and 5 models
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | what software is rpi only ? honest question
        
           | pmalynin wrote:
           | Not sure if this is still the case but I thought you could
           | get a free version of Wolfram Mathematica for RPI for free
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Running Mathematica on underpowered hardware lead me to
             | hate Macs for over a decade.
             | 
             | I have concerns.
        
             | freeone3000 wrote:
             | It's available, but not free. The language server is free
             | for all linuxes, sans data.
        
           | ddulaney wrote:
           | Almost everything can be modified or configured to run on
           | another system, but it's pretty common for RPi to be the
           | default or best-tested platform.
        
           | ThatPlayer wrote:
           | A bit niche, but one software I use for my Raspberry Pi
           | powered 3d printer is camera-streamer:
           | https://github.com/ayufan/camera-streamer
           | 
           | It provides a WebRTC stream for a USB camera (or Pi Camera,
           | what I'm using). Rather than the old, inefficient, low-
           | quality MJPEG stream. The software itself will run on
           | anything, but the WebRTC only works on a Pi for now.
        
         | rat9988 wrote:
         | Huge amount of software compared to?
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Mostly other options with no fans, dust, or moving parts.
           | 
           | The fact that you can run a Linux on it means you can tap
           | into a big ecosystem of existing software. Nice to have.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | good question -- methinks the GP didn't read the article.
           | 
           | the rpi does have a ton of software compared to other SBCs,
           | but the article is about fking x86 machines.
           | 
           | With power consumption so low on some of these, I feel like
           | they defeat most of the benefit of ARM and you get way more
           | native software on x86
        
           | TillE wrote:
           | If you're doing stuff with the GPIO, I'm sure there's far
           | more software written for the Raspberry Pi than anything
           | else.
           | 
           | If you're just using it like a normal computer, then it's not
           | special.
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | There is more and better GPIO support for Arduino, ESP32
             | and STM32 than anything Linux based.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | I would add GPIO pins that are also well documented.
        
         | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
         | The Raspberry Pi 5's official heatsink comes with a fan and its
         | collection of software is dwarfed by what's available for a x86
         | PC regardless of whether it's running Linux or Windows.
        
           | distances wrote:
           | That fan stays idle on low loads, and if you wanted you could
           | also leave it unplugged to just rely on the heatsink.
           | 
           | Then again, N100 can also be bought with passive cooling. But
           | not so sure how the mini PCs of the article would fare
           | without a fan.
        
             | jki275 wrote:
             | I've been running a fanless mini-pc as a firewall for
             | years. They work just fine. The ones you get from
             | aliexpress come in a case where half of the case is a
             | massive heat sink, and it will get a little bit warm.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > you could also leave it unplugged to just rely on the
             | heatsink.
             | 
             | You can also expect your hardware to have a shorter life.
        
               | distances wrote:
               | Pi will automatically throttle before running too hot.
               | And in any case, I doubt most people run their Pis hard
               | at all. I bet most use cases will be completely fine even
               | without that heatsink, with no compromise on the
               | lifespan.
        
         | 42lux wrote:
         | Mhm...
         | 
         | mini PC:
         | 
         | [X] No fans available with atoms or i3s
         | 
         | [X] No moving parts
         | 
         | [X] x86... Huge amount of software
         | 
         | [X] documentation
         | 
         | The only thing is support but the raspberry foundation is also
         | not really helpful if you go into the nitty gritty parts.
        
         | lomereiter wrote:
         | For some Mini PCs there are fanless cases, e.g. from Akasa:
         | https://akasa.co.uk/update.php?tpl=list%2FCHASSIS+POWER.tpl&...
         | 
         | I've got one of those, and it houses a system with 8 CPU cores,
         | 32 GB RAM (can be upgraded to 64 if need be), 1 TB NVMe and 4
         | TB SSD - and it's all inside, whereas with an RPi the SSD would
         | have to be external. The only thing that's collecting dust now
         | is the old RPi.
        
         | RenThraysk wrote:
         | Rugged Intel NUCs have no fans.
        
       | nisa wrote:
       | Nice overview, another venue worth looking at is thin clients.
       | Some models like the Fujitsu Futro s740 are passive cooled, draw
       | only 3-4w idle, can encode hevc in hardware and support up to
       | 16gb memory and a nvme drive. There is a nice overview here:
       | https://github.com/R3NE07/Futro-S740/blob/main/README_EN.md
       | 
       | Another very similar alternative with support for 32g memory and
       | dual channel is the Dell wyse 5070
       | https://github.com/pflavio/Dell-Wyse-5070-Home-Server/wiki
       | 
       | These can be brought used for around 60-80EUR on eBay.
       | 
       | For about 150EUR you can buy new Intel n100 mini computers on Ali
       | express with similar low idle power but vastly better top
       | performance.
        
         | sspiff wrote:
         | I've been using some of these off-brand n100 mini PCs as a
         | homelab cluster for the past year or so.
         | 
         | Their physical size is smaller than a Raspberry Pi with case,
         | and performance is more than twice a RPi5. And you get full x86
         | software compatibility. Idle power is around 4-5W measured from
         | the wall.
        
       | IndySun wrote:
       | Perhaps the title could have been "2nd Hand Tiny Mini Micro PCs
       | are a match for new Raspberry Pi 5s in many aspects"?
        
         | Teknomancer wrote:
         | Agreed. The whole premise of this article is absurd. An apples
         | to oranges a comparison. The Pi is a platform for embedded
         | systems development and design. And is excellent for what it is
         | designed for. It's not a desktop workstation.
        
           | louwrentius wrote:
           | This blog post is not even talking about the role of these
           | machines as a desktop workstation.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | Has anyone else had thermal management problems with the pi5? I
       | have one running just a couple of servers tucked away on a shelf
       | and a corner of a room, and I find myself needing to physically
       | recycle power on the thing about once every few days (This on top
       | of the daily auto reboot script I have set up as a cron job). I
       | suspect the Wi-Fi is overheating it.
        
         | floating-io wrote:
         | Also check your USB cables if they're supplying power. Low-
         | quality cables are notorious causes of instability with older
         | Pi's, and I doubt the 5 is any different in that respect.
        
       | Neywiny wrote:
       | I think these are great options for where pis aren't needed. Over
       | the years I've seen a deluge of "I needed a microcontroller but
       | didn't know what that was so I used a pi" and "I needed little
       | more than a docker image but I didn't know what that was so I
       | used a pi". The pi really comes in handy when you need the combo
       | of the 2. Otherwise, people are just jacking up the price for
       | those who really do need it. And that's not me, but rather people
       | I've known who had great use cases and couldn't buy them.
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | After having bought Pis and then sold them all, I've never
         | understood them. The Pico and Pi Zero seem to have a place, but
         | the performance of the big Pi is so bad, it's rather pointless
         | as an "embedded" computer or general purpose computer with a
         | display.
        
           | nkozyra wrote:
           | For an embedded computer you basically need to go bare metal
           | with Circle or something similar.
           | 
           | But then I'd wonder what you're building because there are
           | powerful microcontrollers you can buy for $15/1 that will
           | handle anything with basic networking and sensors. I know
           | some musical synthesizers are made with rPi4 and I'm
           | befuddled that they're not the most powerful synths ever
           | made.
           | 
           | I think they oddest one out is the Arduino line, which is
           | generally underpowered and expensive compared to just having
           | a drawer of esp32s sitting around.
        
             | jki275 wrote:
             | Arduino pre-dates the existence of ESP, at least in the
             | western market.
             | 
             | Also, Arduino as I think you're using it here is really
             | just slang for AVR microcontroller dev boards.
             | 
             | Arduino isn't actually that, it's a boot loader and a
             | highly simplified set of libraries to interact with a wide
             | variety of microcontrollers including ESP-32 and what
             | people traditionally think of as "Arduino" meaning the
             | branded dev boards labelled that way.
             | 
             | Of course the whole Arduino ecosystem is basically garbage,
             | but it does help beginners get into the idea of doing
             | embedded things.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | The Arduino "line" is a bunch of dev boards. The attiny40
             | chips cost less than $0.50 at high volumes.
        
               | nkozyra wrote:
               | Well yeah I'm just saying they have a lot of overlap in
               | the market with rPi despite being a much less powerful,
               | different thing.
               | 
               | Getting started with esp32 dev board is cheaper, more
               | powerful, and not any harder, so I don't understand their
               | niche.
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | A embedded computer using microSD for main storage should be
           | a non starter for any serious application. They fail far too
           | easily given the bad thermal layout on the board. You can get
           | the larger ones to boot USB, but the smaller ones obviously
           | can't.
           | 
           | I've got a guy who loves running these things, but calls me
           | every other month because one of his images fails, and he
           | needs help rebuilding it. So far I doubt he's saved himself
           | any effort, time or money.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | This is so true. Back when I used to use reddit, I had to leave
         | the raspberry pi subreddit for this reason. 95% of the projects
         | only needed a small C program and microcontroller but instead
         | used a full blown OS and Python. It drove me nuts.
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | The Pi method sounds 1000x more approachable to a beginner.
           | Which is it exactly where the Pi shines. I see nothing wrong
           | with it.
        
       | beardyw wrote:
       | The pi has a lot of exposed pins and associated hardware
       | capabilty. That was an intrinsic part of it's design. It's what
       | got me interested in electronics again. Any comparison should
       | include that. It was never meant to be just a computer.
        
         | kalium-xyz wrote:
         | Depends on what youre comparing. Some people buy a pi just to
         | run home assistant or some other compute task
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | So you're saying that the Pi is a proverbial Toyota Hilux and
           | people are buying it to highway commute to work and back
           | instead of using it for what it was meant for, and then
           | saying it compares poorly to sedan? Yea, no shit.
           | 
           | If you're not using the GPIO or any of the ribbon cable
           | peripherals there are much better options out there. But a Pi
           | will be able to do things those machines never will.
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | I think they are comparing a $700 micro PC to an $80
             | Raspberry pi, but pretending they are in the same price
             | range since the micro PC is available cheap in the refurb
             | market.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | Not only are they very different in price, the micro PC
               | is 10x the size. Size doesn't matter for all uses, but
               | there are going to be things where a Pi will fit but
               | these micro PCs won't.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | I got one recently that was PS159 (1.4x the 8GB Pi 5
               | starter kit) for a 16GB i3-8109U (with 500GB SSD) and is
               | just about 3x the volume of the Argon Neo 5 case for the
               | Pi 5 (113 x 127 x 43mm vs 94 x 70 x 30mm).
               | 
               | Doesn't change the "[places] where a Pi will fit but
               | these micro PCs won't" assertion but the pricing and
               | sizing are not as egregious as you're suggesting.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | NUCs are very similar in size
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | No, an apt comparison would be with a PC like a used
               | ThinkCentre off eBay, where $50 buys you an i5 with 8 GB
               | RAM and a real SSD.
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | You don't need to pay that much. For example, Minisforum
               | is selling a barebones MS-01 for $399 new. This isn't
               | quite apples to apples -- the Raspberry Pi includes RAM
               | (but not much), whereas the MS-01 includes a case, a
               | cooling system, a power supply, and an RTC battery. (And
               | the MS-01 uses a non-janky 19V supply, whereas the
               | Raspberry Pi 5 wants a weird not-to-spec not-quite-sure-
               | what-they-were-thinking 5V USB supply by default.)
               | 
               | For the price, you get massively more CPU power, 3x the
               | number of easily connectable NVMe devices, at higher
               | bandwidth each, 22x (!) the network bandwidth, and the
               | ability to connect a real multi-lane PCIe card of your
               | choice.
               | 
               | I still find it sad that NVMe is an afterthought in the
               | Raspberry Pi ecosystem. SD is convenient, but it's also
               | slooooow, and it holds back a lot of raspberry pi use
               | cases. The new-to-RPi5 official NVMe support still seems
               | really awkward in the way it interferes with the overall
               | thermal performance and the way it interferes with the IO
               | header if you use the official board.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | _You don't need to pay that much. For example, Minisforum
               | is selling a barebones MS-01 for $399 new_
               | 
               | That doesn't really change my point that they are
               | comparing the Pi to a PC that costs 4 - 8 times more (and
               | in a much larger formfactor), so it's not surprising that
               | it's faster.
        
               | justinsaccount wrote:
               | > 22x (!) the network bandwidth
               | 
               | It's 25x, the copper ports are 2.5g. It's even more if
               | you use the usb-4 ports for ip over thunderbolt.
        
               | mech422 wrote:
               | Checkout the odroid H+ series...about $125 for full x86
               | passively cooled system with dual nics, up to 32G of RAM,
               | sata and m.2, etc.
        
               | mrighele wrote:
               | For $150 you can get a new mini pc with a low power intel
               | cpu (e.g. N100) and 8GB of Ram. It comes with an SSD, a
               | power supply and (gasp) a case. Add those to a raspberry
               | pi and the price is not much different.
        
               | manojlds wrote:
               | I have been looking at a N100, are they good in general
               | as a Pi alternative. I am mostly looking at running K8s
               | and running apps and running things like Pihole
        
               | squarefoot wrote:
               | $700? Here's one with 4GB RAM, 128GB eMMC and Linux
               | already installed at $87,49. New.
               | 
               | https://t.ly/S-OW6 (shortened Amazon link)
               | 
               | Now the 4020 isn't certainly a monster, but I can assure
               | you it's way more performant than a RPi. Also, bear in
               | mind that, as is the case with many Chinese products,
               | those mini PCs are produced in huge quantities and sold
               | under at least a dozen different ever changing "brands".
               | Don't let the name "Wo-We" make you think this is
               | something deemed to disappear in a few months; the name
               | could certainly be thrown away but the product will most
               | certainly reincarnate under another "brand".
        
               | yumraj wrote:
               | Linux already installed from a Chinese vendor.
               | 
               | I guess it's subsidized by the malwares that come
               | preinstalled.
        
               | squarefoot wrote:
               | OK I understand the RPi must have very good press, but
               | nitpicking every part of a message just to find something
               | to attack isn't constructive. Linux preinstalled means
               | that Linux works out of the box, that is, you don't even
               | have to search around for Linux compatibility with any of
               | the peripherals inside that mini PC. Of course I would
               | never ever trust anything preinstalled, neither Linux nor
               | Windows, just as I got rid of stock Android on my
               | recently bought Pixel 7 in favor of GrapheneOS like 2
               | hours after unboxing it. I only meant about
               | compatibility, certainly I wasn't suggesting that anyone
               | runs unknown software from China.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | I got the $700 figuring by looking up the list price of
               | one of the mini PC's mentioned in the article, which use
               | an Intel i5-6500 or AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2200GE CPU (which
               | each have 4 cores @ 3.6Ghz), I think if they'd compared
               | against a 2 core 2.8Ghz Celeron, it would have been more
               | evenly matched. The Raspberry Pi 5 beats the 4020 in both
               | single and multi-core performance in this benchmark:
               | 
               | https://www.cpu-monkey.com/en/compare_cpu-
               | raspberry_pi_5_b_b...
               | 
               |  _Don 't let the name "Wo-We" make you think this is
               | something deemed to disappear in a few months; the name
               | could certainly be thrown away but the product will most
               | certainly reincarnate under another "brand"._
               | 
               | Does that matter? If it dies in 2 months and I can't find
               | the manufacturer because it's operating under a different
               | name now, is that any different than if the manufacturer
               | folded completely?
        
               | squarefoot wrote:
               | The manufacturer is the same, what dies is the brand
               | name; the very same product is just being packaged in a
               | box with another name. I mean, you shouldn't place too
               | much importance in the name, just look at the real iron
               | inside the box. We, as westerners, are used to give a lot
               | of importance to brand names, possibly because it comes
               | from the old times when brand names identified products
               | with the families that created them; that is completely
               | different from how it works in far east today.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | The reason I give importance to the brand name is because
               | if the company has been around for a decade (or many
               | decades), it's likely to still be around in a year or two
               | to give me support when the product fails.
               | 
               | If the company resurrects itself every 6 months under a
               | different name, then there's effectively no warranty on
               | the product and there's no reason to think that it's
               | built to be long lasting, since even bad reviews won't
               | show up under the new brand name.
        
               | jauntywundrkind wrote:
               | I'm not sure whether to assume you either are clueless or
               | whether to assume you're actively working to try to
               | sabotage perception.
               | 
               | No one's gonna recommend an ancient middling mini-PC that
               | costs vastly more than a modern current mini-PC.
               | 
               | Either go on the secondary market & get this old PC for
               | under $100. Or go get some modern Ryzen mini-PC for $500.
               | Or a decent n100 for somewhere in between, especially if
               | you insist on new for some reason.
        
               | mech422 wrote:
               | Personally, I'm a fan of the odroid H+ series - full x86
               | SOC with dual nics, and some on-board gpu stuff for $125.
               | I have 3 of the old H2 series and I love them.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Bmax B1 Pro costs less than $130 for 8GB RAM and it comes
               | with 128GB storage and a case out of the box.
        
               | nirav72 wrote:
               | You can pick up something like an HP elitedesk g2 with
               | 8th gen intel cpu for $100-120 on secondary markets. Most
               | of them ship with at least 8gb ram and also a 500gb m.2
               | drive. A 8th gen cpu will be many many times more
               | powerful than even the rpi 5. In addition to having
               | quicksync for hardware media transcoding. Something the
               | Pi still cannot do via hardware. Not to mention, its x86
               | - so lot more support over the ARM7
               | 
               | Of course, if you size and the ability to interface with
               | other hardware via GPIO is the primary use - then yeah a
               | SBC like a Rpi would be the better option. But for a
               | small home server, one is better off just buying a mini-
               | PC.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | I bought a few used NUCs for $150 each, they're _amazing_
           | home servers. Much, much faster, more capable, more flexible
           | than a Pi, at only twice the price.
        
             | distances wrote:
             | What do you use them for? I'm one of those that have
             | Raspberry Pi 5 mostly just for Home Assistant. It's clearly
             | overpowered for that use case, but I wanted the NVMe
             | support. I'm not convinced by these articles -- used x86
             | box that maybe achieves almost the same low power draw
             | still doesn't have any actual upsides if you don't
             | realistically need that computing power.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I have one where I deployed K9s so I can learn Kubernetes
               | better, and one where I have deployed Harbormaster
               | (http://harbormaster.readthedocs.io/).
               | 
               | The Harbormaster one has a bunch of stuff (Zigbee2MQTT,
               | my smart home stuff, my apps, etc. I have a Pi 4 that has
               | Octoprint, services on the NUC load instantly whereas
               | Octoprint feels a bit sluggish.
               | 
               | The NUC _is_ an x86 (well, amd64) box, with a 10W power
               | draw, which is great. I don 't think a desktop PC will do
               | less than 100W...
        
               | AshamedCaptain wrote:
               | You can have full-size desktop PCs (large mobos, large
               | GPU, multiple SSDs, fancy power supply) that idle at 20W.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Really? How? Mine is an order of magnitude more than
               | that.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Not sure about GPUs but I have a Ryzen 5 system under my
               | desk which with the integrated graphics, 64 G ram and two
               | SSDs idles at a little under 20 W.
               | 
               | The M2 Mac Mini though idles at 12 or less...
        
               | kccqzy wrote:
               | I have a home server that stores and processes all my
               | photos, using PhotoPrism. Things like face recognition
               | does require a bit of a compute. A NUC is perfect for
               | this use case.
        
               | distances wrote:
               | That's a nice use case, thanks for the tip about
               | PhotoPrism!
        
               | distances wrote:
               | Just as a quick update after trying out: seems like a
               | very nice local photo album service. The initial scan
               | will take a long while, but looks like Pi5 is quite
               | enough to handle the service after that completes. I will
               | need a larger SSD for my Pi if I intend to keep all my
               | photos in this, though.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | I've got one that does PhotoPrism + other media (sabnzbd,
               | gerbera, flexget) as a general "media storage" box, one
               | that just runs a Minecraft server, and one that's
               | "everything else" (currently Home Assistant, Grafana,
               | Prometheus, my webcam bird detection stuff, NATS, etc.)
               | 
               | Originally started with HA on a Pi 4 but it wasn't really
               | up to it.
        
         | bri3d wrote:
         | This. The Pi is a great little real world <-> computer
         | interface. The hat ecosystem is really cool. Using one as a
         | general computer is foolish. Unfortunately each Pi generation
         | seems to move more towards the computer case and away from the
         | real-world one.
        
           | NegativeLatency wrote:
           | The RP2040 and pi zero are still very much not regular
           | computers for desktop use:
           | 
           | - https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/rp2040/
           | 
           | - https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-zero-w/
        
         | louwrentius wrote:
         | The blog article is hosted on a Pi4, which also runs some
         | python to manage the solar setup it is powered by.
         | 
         | In particular I'm using the GPIO pins to drive the LCD display
         | showing solar stats and a relay to disable/enable the inverter.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | You can add something like an Adafruit FT232H to the PC and
         | still come out cheaper according to TFA's price calculation.
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | Yeah, the first thing you see on raspberrypi.org is:
         | 
         | > Empowering young people to use computing technologies to
         | shape the world
         | 
         | With a link to learning resources. So the article is true but
         | beside the point: the Pi 5 is no match for something the Pi
         | isn't even aiming to be.
        
         | manojlds wrote:
         | They do talk a bit about it at the end with the solar powered
         | setup they have.
        
       | marricks wrote:
       | Has the Raspberry Pi tripled in price since launch? I was
       | skeptical of all these threads of "this is better" but it doesn't
       | seem like it's as ridiculously affordable as it once was.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | The original Raspberry Pi had a single-core 700MHz CPU and
         | 256MB RAM.
         | 
         | Right now I can buy:
         | 
         | Raspberry Pi 5, 2.4GHz Quad-core CPU, 8GB for PS76.80
         | 
         | Raspberry Pi 4, 1.5GHz Quad-core CPU, 1GB RAM, for PS33.60
         | 
         | Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W, 1GHz Quad-core CPU, 512MB RAM, for
         | PS14.40
         | 
         | (None of those prices include SD card, PSU, case, or any
         | peripherals)
         | 
         | Is that a price rise, or just the high end getting higher?
        
       | rr808 wrote:
       | Remember when the Pi first came out, it was cheap for small hobby
       | projects. Rpi 5 is $80? At these prices you might as well get a
       | refurb x86 micro pc.
        
         | demondemidi wrote:
         | Please point to the GPIO pins on the refurb PC.
         | 
         | The PI is about making hardware hacking accessible on a linux-
         | based platform.
         | 
         | A refurb PC fails horribly at that.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | But what do you use Pi GPIO for? Using Pi GPIO directly
           | leaves pins unconfigured or stuck while your app is inactive.
           | Aren't most need for GPIO better served by Arduino + PC?
        
             | ssl-3 wrote:
             | I have a Pi Zero W that is a spooky-good GPS-backed NTP
             | server. It relies on GPIO for getting tightly-accurate PPS
             | pulses from the GPS module (which a USB-connected Arduino
             | won't help me with -- the timing would be much sloppier).
             | 
             | I have also used a different Pi Zero W with an SDR dingle
             | to decode APRS weather data, while also using GPIO to read
             | a local DS18B20 temperature sensor and to switch a solid-
             | state relay.
             | 
             | I could have done this last thing with any random Linux-ey
             | PC plus an Arduino, but then I'd have _two_ problems. (It
             | would have also cost me rather substantially more money: I
             | bought these Zero Ws very, very cheaply from Microcenter.)
        
               | jki275 wrote:
               | https://github.com/DennisSc/PPS-ntp-server
               | 
               | Not mine, just something I found. I had a feeling one
               | could run a GPS backed NTP server on a microcontroller
               | without too much difficulty.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Cute, but missing some things that real ntpd on *nix
               | offers.
               | 
               | And I _like_ ntpd. I also like self-contained systems
               | that I can tweak without using a compiler and a dev
               | environment. I 'm a fairly competent computer user, but I
               | have zero aspirations of being a programmer when I grow
               | up.
               | 
               | (If a Pi Zero W can do the job, then: Why must it not do
               | that job?)
        
             | demondemidi wrote:
             | I don't think you understand how GPIO is used on a Raspbery
             | Pi. You can flip GPIOs in a BASH script, or set events on
             | them in Python. GPIOs are first-class citizens in Rpi land,
             | which is what makes it so convenient: you get GPIOs +
             | Linux, seamlessly.
             | 
             | I have a Pi4 hooked up to a motion detector, a camera, a
             | solenoid and some SCRs for a floodlight. A python script
             | waits for an event interrupt from the motion detector on a
             | GPIO. Then it turns on the lights and opens a door via
             | GPIO, and starts recording in another thread (via a pipe to
             | gstreamer). When the motion times out, it pushes the video
             | to an private S3 bucket (using my own handshake for a token
             | so that it can't be spammed).
             | 
             | (I used to have some GPIOs connected to motorized cat toys
             | so that I could trigger them remotely while watching an
             | realtime stream, but that throttled the above camera which
             | was more important.)
             | 
             | ... It is also a BLE gateway that monitors 4 temperature
             | sensors, and also pushes that data up to the cloud with
             | another python script.
             | 
             | ... and it also is an MQTT gateway for a few NXP WiFi
             | devices scattered around the yard, and their data ... you
             | guessed it... is pushed up to the cloud (they control
             | sprinklers because BLE doesn't have the range). I can log
             | into my personal website and turn sprinklers on from
             | anywhere my phone works.
             | 
             | Sure I could do the WiFi and BLE with a PC, but why waste
             | the energy and space when I can use a tiny Pi that is
             | already doing a bunch of other things?
             | 
             | I just keep adding things to it because I have my own cloud
             | system (HomeAssistant is a big fat bloated joke).
             | 
             | Having a good BLE sensitivity and WiFi chip on a tiny linux
             | board that runs dozens of python processes listening to
             | GPIOs, and running Gstreamer would be too much of a hassle
             | with a PC and far beyond an arduino.
        
           | manfre wrote:
           | I'd wager that most people are not using any GPIO on theirs.
           | Typical usage is likely a low power computer they can
           | optionally plug a USB cable into; 3d print controller, home
           | assistant w/dongle, etc.
        
           | White_Wolf wrote:
           | I'm using AVR/STM for IO. have plenty of them around. Just
           | loaded with a basic serial to IO passthrough program. Can't
           | complain for PS2 each on aliexpress.
           | 
           | EDIT: added STM.
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | You can still get a cheaper model. You don't have to buy a Pi
         | 5.
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | Raspberry Pi 5 is $60 for 4 GB RAM. Raspberry Pi 1 was $35 in
         | 2012, which is $50 just accounting for inflation.
        
       | InvaderFizz wrote:
       | Completely depends on intended use case. If your goal is good
       | compute and connectivity, a used minipc or a new N100 is the
       | obvious choice.
       | 
       | If you need GPIO, the Pi is the obvious choice.
       | 
       | I end up with multiple N100 systems and a single RaspberryPi.
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | Very much this. If you just need a small, low power computer to
         | be a server or whatever, it's hard to beat used
         | business/enterprise SFF computers or a new N100 based NUC.
         | 
         | rPi's defining use case is as a microcontroller, it can also
         | serve as just a computer but it most definitely isn't optimized
         | for that.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | Also worth considering getting the $6 Pi Pico microcontroller
         | in such a pairing. Keeps the microcontroller capabilities at a
         | lower cost and without having to maintain 2 operating systems
         | across 2 different architectures.
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | Yeah, any PC can have GPIOs if you plug a cheap USB
           | microcontroller into it. That's more or less how the Pi5
           | works internally anyway, as they've moved the main SOC to
           | more modern silicon processes its internal GPIOs have become
           | less able to tolerate hobbyist abuse, so now they proxy the
           | GPIOs through their custom southbridge chip instead, which is
           | an amalgamation of a microcontroller and various other
           | peripherals.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | Indeed, a USB MCU is my preferred GPIO these days. It makes
             | my peripherals platform independent, and I can do my code
             | development at my comfy desktop workstation with its big
             | displays.
             | 
             | I find it easier to write real-time code on the MCU.
             | 
             | In fact, I've disciplined myself to make all of my projects
             | -- hardware and software -- capable of running on any
             | modern platform. It turns out that's not hard to do.
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | How does the idle and loaded power draw compare between an Rpi
         | 4 (or 5, if you prefer) and an N100? Genuinely would like to
         | know, because I think power usage (and heat) is an important
         | part of the equation.
        
         | mech422 wrote:
         | I use the odroid H series(1) for basic 'small server' usage.
         | Dual nics for use as a firewall, DDR5 upto 48G, multiple sata
         | ports, m.2 port, etc. Totally silent and very low power draw.
         | They run from like $125 to $175 new, depending on model.
         | 
         | I've had 3 of the old H2 series and I really love them...
         | 
         | 1.https://ameridroid.com/products/odroid-h4-h4-h4-ultra
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > If you need GPIO, the Pi is the obvious choice.
         | 
         | There are so many USB GPIO modules that I don't think the Pi is
         | so "obvious." Plus if you blow out your USB GPIO, replacement
         | is a far easier thing to consier.
        
       | crawsome wrote:
       | Those intel 6500u processors also have Quicksync, so you can run
       | a modest PLeX server on one.
       | 
       | I have a micro Dell PC, and it runs like a champ. I'd take it
       | over the Pi anyday for my uses.
        
       | atVelocet wrote:
       | If you ever plan to use any of these older PCs: Disable Spectre
       | and Meltdown mitigations! As a bonus you should also remove CPU
       | microcodes from the BIOS/UEFI and make sure that no microcode is
       | loaded via software.
       | 
       | The performance gain is huge if done correctly. There is no need
       | for these mitigations on homelabs.
        
         | unique_parrot2 wrote:
         | You made me try this, my cpu went from 16% to 9% on my proxmox-
         | box running a home-assistant vm and a few lxcs. Thanks for your
         | post.
        
         | kayson wrote:
         | Any guides on how to do this?
        
           | jki275 wrote:
           | Usually it's just a bios option you can turn off.
        
       | complaintdept wrote:
       | Offtopic, but does anyone know of a decent mini pc with ECC?
        
       | throwup238 wrote:
       | That's because RaspberryPis are no longer cheap throw away
       | computers meant for education or hobbyists, they're developer
       | kits for manufacturers that need a CPU running a well supported
       | mainline Linux in their products.
       | 
       | The only reason they don't cost $500 or more is because the
       | foundation needs the hobbyist market to write and support the
       | open source BSP, without which the RPi would be just another
       | poorly supported also-ran in an already crowded market. With how
       | well supported mainline Linux is on the Pi, EEs would be willing
       | to pay a lot more.
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | > That's because RaspberryPis are no longer cheap throw away
         | computers meant for education or hobbyists
         | 
         | They've got a full product line now, including systems that are
         | comparable in cost but much more capable than the original
         | Raspberry Pi.
        
         | SahAssar wrote:
         | Wasn't there a very long time that the Pi wasn't fully
         | supported on mainline? And it's boot sequence is still a bit
         | weird in that the GPU handles bootstrapping?
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | I think the main point is that you know the company/product
           | support isn't just going to disappear into the sunset in 2
           | years and you're stuck with an increasingly outdated hacked
           | together kernel thrown over a wall
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | _well supported mainline Linux_
         | 
         | This is one of the main advantages for hobbyists.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | And for professionals.
        
             | squarefoot wrote:
             | I highly doubt so. In fact, save for the RP2040 which isn't
             | Linux capable (0), all their processors aren't for sale
             | anywhere; Broadcom simply won't sell them to you, no matter
             | if you order 1 or 100000. That is, you can't build your
             | product around one of their CPU and you have to put their
             | entire boards in you product instead, which translates in
             | huge costs, no industrial rated parts and forced use of SD
             | cards for system disks, which in that context are a no-no.
             | The RPi is a hobbyist board with a huge potential for
             | teaching, but I wouldn't consider it for anything beyond
             | that use.
             | 
             | 0: yeah, I know you can run it in theory; I mean in a
             | usable way.
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | Isn't their Compute Module 4 SOM industrial rated?
        
               | squarefoot wrote:
               | That forces you to sandwich two boards together
               | (connector, more costs, etc), and still you have no
               | freedom regarding which peripherals to place around the
               | RPi SoC.
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | There's a free PCIe lane that you can put whatever you
               | want on
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | The average integrator doesn't want to mess around with
               | things like DDR5 routing or designing power supplies for
               | the SoC. There are lots of other companies such as AMD
               | and Nvidia selling SOMs so the fact that they are selling
               | SOMs can hardly be something to complain about.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | There's the compute modules
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | > no industrial rated parts and forced use of SD cards
               | for system disks, which in that context are a no-no
               | 
               | They kinda work if the system is not mission critical.
               | Just have them self reboot every 4 hours :)
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | It's not a hypothetical: "professional" or "industrial"
               | use is what most new Pis are used for.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | Given that Raspberry Pi hasn't actually been well supported
           | by mainline Linux and that the Raspberry Pi foundation hasn't
           | put a lot of effort into upstreaming things, I don't think
           | it's actually a big deal. People don't care where their
           | kernel comes from as long as it works.
           | 
           | I am surprised by all of the comments here that assume
           | Raspberry Pi has great upstream support. It's amazing that
           | people just assumed their boards were working great with
           | upstream kernels. Raspberry Pi has a history of doing
           | nonstandard things that serve their community but are
           | actually a little bit quirky when it comes to normal embedded
           | Linux.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | except that RPi does not support mainline Linux...
        
         | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
         | The Model 1B was $35 (in 2012 dollars) and the still available
         | Model 4B starts at $35? It might even be argued that the Model
         | 1B's successor is more the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W for $15, which
         | is cheaper than the original.
         | 
         | The Raspberry Pi 5's base model does start at $60 but its specs
         | are too different for a comparison to be meaningful.
         | 
         | [EDIT] Oops, I hadn't realized the 4B with 1 GB was
         | discontinued. So the starting price of the 4B would be $45 for
         | the 2 GB version.
        
           | AnotherGoodName wrote:
           | There are complete passively cooled n3350 based systems on
           | Ali express with 64gb storage and 6gb ram in a case with
           | power supply ready to go for $65 with free shipping. That
           | works out cheaper than the cheapest pi after buying case,
           | storage and power for the pi. You can buy usb gpio breakouts
           | for <$10 too. Lower power than the pi 4 too due to the huge
           | process node advantage (despite the x86 disadvantages). 28nm
           | vs 14nm for the pi 4 vs the n3350.
           | 
           | The pi is fun but honestly for pi hole or similar you might
           | as well buy the all in one x86. For media streaming
           | definitely buy the all in one x86. For gpio stuff ok the pi
           | is reasonable but even then if you want to make a product
           | rather than a home automation once off you'd go a different
           | route completely.
        
             | djbusby wrote:
             | Are there loads of driver support for those USB/GPIO
             | things? I've only done that on PI and the Python libs made
             | it super easy. Now it's one more thing to solve research
             | rather built-in.
        
               | blacksmith_tb wrote:
               | I don't think so - if you needed GPIO on a small x86 the
               | easiest way would be to hook an Arduino / RP2040 to it.
               | That seems like it's still the sweet spot for RPi, esp.
               | the Zero W, if you need small, low-power, full OS and
               | GPIO.
        
               | ckemere wrote:
               | This.
        
               | zrail wrote:
               | Not really. I've been researching this extensively lately
               | to try to add GPIO to my stack of Dell Wyse 3040s.
               | 
               | Options with mainline linux kernel drivers:
               | 
               | - MCP2221A (i2c + 4x GPIO)
               | 
               | - CP2112 (i2c + GPIO)
               | 
               | Options without kernel support:
               | 
               | - FT232H
               | 
               | - Arduino nano and clones
               | 
               | - Raspberry Pi Pico running some interesting firmware
               | 
               | - ESP32 running something like ESPHome (completely
               | separate from host)
               | 
               | I've chosen the Pico for now and forked the u2if project
               | for firmware and host support[1]. I also put together a
               | generic ESPHome-compatible protocol server in python to
               | tie my widgets to Home Assistant[2].
               | 
               | [1]: https://github.com/peterkeen/u2if
               | 
               | [2]: https://github.com/peterkeen/aioesphomeserver
        
               | gsich wrote:
               | I have seen a I2C implementation on the RP2040 that works
               | with native support.
               | 
               | https://github.com/Nicolai-
               | Electronics/rp2040-i2c-interface
        
               | zrail wrote:
               | Yep, that one is pretty cool too. It only does one i2c
               | bus so it seems like it underuses the hardware a bit, but
               | the mainline driver is pretty valuable.
        
               | -mlv wrote:
               | A lot of those used cheap Dell minipcs come with serial
               | ports and the slightly biger ones may have a parallel
               | port.
        
             | afavour wrote:
             | That's all true but the OP said that Pis are "no longer
             | cheap". The reply was simply a demonstration that they are
             | still available at the same price point, no matter what the
             | competition is or isn't doing.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | In this market, "cheap" is often comparative to
               | performance. You can now get better capabilities for the
               | same price.
        
               | spookie wrote:
               | Sure, if you want to deal with strange problems no one
               | has ever faced. RPi's strength isn't in meaningless
               | performance benchmarks, is in actually getting stuff
               | done.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | A mini PC with an x86 CPU is the opposite of "user-
               | unfriendly." Compared with Raspberry Pis, laypeople can
               | easily use those.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | They vary widely. I bought an off brand mini PC where the
               | USB ports randomly lost power. There was no online
               | community or support to speak of to help me figure out
               | the problem. In that regard the Pi is far better.
        
             | II2II wrote:
             | I suspect a lot of the current disdain is a product of
             | function creep. While the original Raspberry Pi was used as
             | a desktop and server, people understood its limitations.
             | Now that many of the limitations have diminished, to the
             | point where you can expect reasonable performance as a
             | desktop and use it as something more than a simple web
             | server, people are justifiably comparing it to alternatives
             | (which have come down in price over the same period of
             | time).
             | 
             | Of course, the Pi is also facing competition from higher
             | end microcontroller based solutions. People seem to forget
             | that there was a time when hobbyists bought the Pi for
             | "Internet of Things" like projects, both due to its cost
             | and size. Then came the ESP8266 and ESP32 and development
             | boards that packaged both a microcontroller and network
             | interface.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | This, but also that they gave a huge middle finger to the
               | hobbyist community during the component crisis by giving
               | preference to integrators.
               | 
               | Most makers I know have pivoted to ESP32 during this time
               | as it was good enough and actually available. Probably
               | would have happened sooner or later though.
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | The ESP32 has nothing to do with a Raspberry Pi. It's
               | only good that people learnt to use the better tool (in
               | terms of price and power consumption) once better tools
               | like MicroPython or NodeMCU came around.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | I don't agree.
               | 
               | When the first raspberry was introduced, it was really
               | really hard to interface an electronics project with the
               | internet. Arduinos were really dumb at the time. That's
               | why the raspberry was so ideal. But most electronics
               | projects didn't really need a whole linux distro running
               | on it. It was just that there was no other option.
               | 
               | The ESPs introduced a totally new class that can cover
               | most of the usecases of electronics projects that the
               | raspberry originally aimed at. They support wifi,
               | bluetooth, pretty serious processing, enough for most
               | connected projects. They totally ate the raspberry's
               | lunch in the embedded market. Of course the RP2040 aims
               | for this too but IMO it's kinda too little too late, the
               | ESP32 is already so well established and has the biggest
               | community.
               | 
               | At the other end of course the PC pricing came down and
               | the intel N100's and the like eat its lunchon the other
               | side.
        
             | ssl-3 wrote:
             | What kind of bolted-down expansion does a cheap n3350 box
             | have? How fast can I swap the main storage for something
             | completely different? Can I power it with my USB battery
             | bank? Does it support two digital monitors or does it
             | instead have one HDMI and one VGA (like this is 1987)? Can
             | I use it like an appliance and just plug in easy-to-
             | download images like LibreELEC or EmulationStation, or do I
             | need to understand how to make computers work before I can
             | have a good experience with Kodi or console emulation?
        
               | AnotherGoodName wrote:
               | I can see plenty of n3350 systems with dual hdmi on
               | google and plenty with drive bays and relevant
               | connectivity. Those seem to cost ~$100 vs the minimalist
               | $65 ones.
               | 
               | In terms of driver support these intel systems are the
               | easiest to work with in Linux. Very mainstream and well
               | established drivers.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | All your pros are cons when you use a Pi as a 24/7 router
               | or home server :)
               | 
               | Requirements may vary.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Requirements do vary.
               | 
               | And I've got no regrets about using a Pi 4 a router. It's
               | sitting on the shelf next to me, and has been trouble-
               | free for over four years now.
        
             | danesparza wrote:
             | I don't trust Ali express for anything serious. Cheap and
             | Chinese doesn't have the appeal it used to.
             | 
             | I'm willing to pay a little more for a respected brand with
             | a little more QA involved (and less hassle to me as a
             | developer).
        
           | kohbo wrote:
           | Those low price ones are never available. The cheapest 4b I
           | see right now is $60. Which isn't bad, but not $35.
        
             | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
             | I checked Digi-Key through RPiLocator and they report
             | several thousand units in stock each of the Raspberry Pi 4
             | 2GB at $45 and of the Raspberry Pi 3B+ 1GB at $35:
             | https://rpilocator.com/?vendor=digikeyus
             | 
             | For those unfamiliar with them, Digi-Key is a electronic
             | components supplier to manufacturers but they also sell to
             | individuals. Their stock count should be accurate.
        
             | ianburrell wrote:
             | Every single official US retailer has units available for
             | MSRP. Where are you looking? Which model are you looking
             | at?
             | 
             | Are you talking about the Pi5 4GB which is $60? We are
             | talking about the Pi4 2GB which is $45. For many things,
             | the cheaper, older version is fine.
        
             | justin66 wrote:
             | Look harder? They're available at a number of retailers,
             | and if you're in the US, Adafruit is recommended - but I
             | wouldn't pay more than $35 + shipping in any case. There
             | are a couple of dozen online retailers here with the 4B
             | 1GB:
             | 
             | https://rpilocator.com/?cat=PI4
        
           | stkdump wrote:
           | Inflation adjusted the 1B (with 512MB, which was the only
           | available variant) was slightly more expensive than the 5
           | with 2GB at their respective release. The price "increase" is
           | that 4 and 8GB models are available at all and most people
           | buy them, presumably because people actually don't care about
           | the purchase price so much. But you still get the cheapest
           | variant, if you really want to. Also, there are different
           | variants of the Zero, all of which are cheaper than the 1A at
           | release.
           | 
           | The power brick got more expensive due to the increased power
           | use. Also if you want to make use of the full power, you need
           | a cooler. But you can also do without cooler, because it just
           | gracefully slows down when overheated.
           | 
           | I think the Pi drove the price of lower end computers down so
           | far that people completely lost their sense of perspective.
        
             | justin66 wrote:
             | > the 1B (with 512MB, which was the only available variant)
             | 
             | Hey now. Proud owner of a 256MB 1B here. Although they
             | upgraded the baseline spec right after that first
             | production run.
        
           | justin66 wrote:
           | > Oops, I hadn't realized the 4B with 1 GB was discontinued.
           | 
           | Is it? I can buy one for $35 at my local Microcenter, and I
           | can see that Adafruit is selling them for $35 as well. [0]
           | It's still listed as a $35 part on the official Raspberry Pi
           | product page. [1]
           | 
           | [0] https://www.adafruit.com/product/4295
           | 
           | [1] https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-
           | pi-4-model-b/
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | Plenty of PIs in labs of hardware tech companies. Very
         | convenient when you need a small linux box, indeed, or when you
         | need to access a piece of equipment over a serial terminal,
         | et.c
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | I think a lot of people don't realize that there was a decent
         | size, but small market for SBCs for low-volume embedded work
         | (including hobbyists) before Raspberry Pi. You could get a lot
         | of different kinds of boards with good Linux support and a not
         | terrible price. Often, a processor vendor would explicitly
         | provide support for these things because it was a good vector
         | for selling chips.
         | 
         | Broadcom, having never wanted anything to do with this market
         | since volumes were too low, had an abundance of a CPU SKU that
         | was good for this. So some broadcom engineers founded Raspberry
         | Pi to use up this excess stock, essentially getting these chips
         | for free. The original RPi blew every other SBC out of the
         | water on price performance (and many manufacturers out of the
         | market) because by getting the most expensive component for
         | free, they could sell Pis for an extremely low price. It also
         | massively expanded the market for SBCs, as hobbyists flooded in
         | to work with RPis.
         | 
         | 5-10 years ago, the sweetheart deal with Broadcom went away.
         | Now Raspberry Pi has to compete with everyone else for Broadcom
         | SoCs, and during the semiconductor shortage of 2020, Broadcom
         | had tremendous leverage. Now, Raspberry Pi pricing is nothing
         | special, but they still have the brand name and they have
         | captured the community (on the back of behavior that was
         | borderline anticompetitive).
        
           | transpute wrote:
           | This business history would add valuable context to RPi wiki,
           | or a public reference on the history of SBCs,
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi
        
           | ChuckMcM wrote:
           | This is spot on. There is a market for small SBCs that spans
           | from weapons to washing machines. When the RPi was introduced
           | it threw a huge wrench into that market because it came in,
           | _with an operating system and storage_ , at under the price
           | for the typical enclosure, much less the board itself of the
           | existing systems. Look at PC104 systems for example.
           | 
           | The two pieces that have to be in place, as 'threshold'
           | requirements are
           | 
           | 1) The SBC exists and is available from a manufacturer
           | 
           | 2) The _same_ manufacturer provides an OS for that board and
           | its associated board support package (BSP) which is drivers
           | for all the I /O and system support functions.
           | 
           | The industry is full of people who went out of business
           | because they chose Vendor A's SBC and Vendor B's OS, only to
           | fail to deliver when it didn't work with Vendor A and Vendor
           | B point at the other saying it was their problem. So people
           | just don't do that any more.
           | 
           | What most vendors in the SBC space, prior to the introduction
           | of the Raspberry Pi, didn't have was 20 to 30 thousand
           | programmers writing random bits of code. What that meant was
           | the Pi's feature set exploded rapidly, what's more there were
           | lots of free tutorials on programming it.
           | 
           | In the SBC space before Pi that "Programmer Training" was one
           | of the ways the vendor made better margins at $500/hr for a
           | class of "up to 15 students" at our facilities.
           | 
           | So before, higher priced SBC + BSP, and you had to send your
           | programmers on a road trip to the vendors facility to get the
           | hands on training, and then you had to pay every time you
           | made a service request.
           | 
           | After, cheap SBC + BSP!, a bunch of different programming
           | videos on the web for free! Program doesn't work? Just ask
           | the community of enthusiasts what they think!
           | 
           | We are not surprised a whole lot of the smaller SBC vendors
           | closed down after that.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | _> I think a lot of people don 't realize that there was a
           | decent size, but small market for SBCs for low-volume
           | embedded work (including hobbyists) before Raspberry Pi. You
           | could get a lot of different kinds of boards with good Linux
           | support and a not terrible price. Often, a processor vendor
           | would explicitly provide support for these things because it
           | was a good vector for selling chips._
           | 
           | Before RPi became really popular and the 4 came out, I used
           | BeagleBoard, PandaBoard, Aria G25, Gumstix, Cubieboard, i.MX
           | devkits, and spun custom boards using Marvell, TI, Freescale
           | (now NXP), and Qualcomm CPUs - I don't remember any of them
           | having as good a BSP or being as easy to develop with as the
           | RPi was five years ago. Maybe my memory is (very) faulty but
           | the experience was leagues worse. PTSD-inducing level of
           | worse. I wasted weeks or months on every major project
           | shaving silicon yaks that should have been handled by the
           | vendor (and is now handled by the RPi community).
           | 
           | The modern i.MX toolchain may now be comparable many years
           | later but I've long since given up on everything else since
           | CM4 came out in 2020.
           | 
           | My understanding is that they lost the sweetheart deal
           | _after_ they pivoted to supporting commercial, right in time
           | for the pandemic supply crunch.
        
             | 05 wrote:
             | Yocto works the same way whether it's Pi or iMX, most of
             | the learning curve has nothing to do with the SoC. So it's
             | really strange to hear that your Pi workflow is better than
             | anything you'd get with another chip..
        
               | transpute wrote:
               | BSP quality is famously variable by board vendor,
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niH1-NB6W8w
               | Two products.. leveraged a Yocto-based board support
               | package (BSP); one being in AgTech, and the other being
               | in the veterinary space. These products have followed
               | disparate practices when leveraging the BSP for custom
               | hardware and software.. this talk [described] the two
               | products, how the BSP was customized and used, and the
               | resulting consequences.*
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | But on a Pi you don't have to use Yocto. Raspbian is
               | always faster to develop for.
               | 
               | Source: have worked on both Pi based solutions and custom
               | hardware with yocto.
        
               | 05 wrote:
               | Yeah, one is easier and the other is right. Shipping a
               | reproducibly built readonly rootfs image takes longer,
               | but is strictly better than putting 'some' versions of
               | Debian packages on the SD card and calling it a day.
               | 
               | It's the Arduino curse - sure, it's faster to ship Hello
               | World with Arduino but soon you realize all your
               | libraries were built by beginners and use delay()
               | everywhere so you're screwed if you need two peripherals
               | to work at once.
               | 
               | You use Pi for prototypes and one-offs, not where you
               | need to ship something that's actually competitive on
               | BoM.
        
               | bloggie wrote:
               | Not using Yocto simplifies and speeds development
               | extremely, unless you have dedicated staff familiar with
               | Yocto. It's a big reason to prefer Pi.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > I think a lot of people don't realize that there was a
           | decent size, but small market for SBCs for low-volume
           | embedded work (including hobbyists) before Raspberry Pi. You
           | could get a lot of different kinds of boards with good Linux
           | support and a not terrible price.
           | 
           | And you still can! The big innovation from Raspberry Pi was
           | making it all feel very accessible through the documentation,
           | community, and various utilities to configure things via
           | menus instead of by editing files.
           | 
           | The Raspberry Pi was rarely the best board, but it was the
           | easiest to recommend to beginners because you could point
           | them to volumes of documentation and community threads.
        
           | justin66 wrote:
           | > essentially getting these chips for free
           | 
           | > by getting the most expensive component for free
           | 
           | I get that you're exaggerating, and you perhaps aren't trying
           | to be deceptive by misusing the word "free," but the low
           | markup the RPi guys initially paid to Broadcom does not
           | explain as much as you think it does about the Pi's success.
           | To explain why let's examine something else you're wrong
           | about:
           | 
           | > You could get a lot of different kinds of boards with good
           | Linux support and a not terrible price. Often, a processor
           | vendor would explicitly provide support for these things
           | because it was a good vector for selling chips.
           | 
           | Prior to the Pi you could get _one_ board with good Linux
           | support and a not terrible price from a vendor who provided
           | support because they thought it was a good vector for selling
           | chips. That was the BeagleBoard, from TI. I mean, the BB
           | _barely_ checked all those boxes: the support wasn 't very
           | good, it was kind of nonexistent compared to the support
           | community the Raspberry Pi people created. But they sure
           | didn't have to worry about the cost of the CPU.
           | 
           | So back to the original point: getting the CPU "for free"
           | (since we're apparently just saying "free" now when we mean
           | "at cost") wasn't a decisive advantage for the Raspberry Pi
           | people, since the TI people had the same advantage. TI had a
           | few other advantages as well, like a first mover advantage,
           | their own assembly lines, and relationships with everyone who
           | sells electronics components.
           | 
           | TI's support was crap when compared to something like RPi
           | which deliberately targeted newbies, and as far as I remember
           | they didn't have a few amazing people in their community
           | dedicated to making a whole new spin of Debian and supporting
           | it like RPi did. And, you know, PR matters. All that stuff is
           | what made the difference.
           | 
           | > anticompetitive
           | 
           | I guess we're just throwing words around without caring what
           | they mean today for some reason.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | > I get that you're exaggerating, and you perhaps aren't
             | trying to be deceptive by misusing the word "free," but the
             | low markup the RPi guys initially paid to Broadcom does not
             | explain as much as you think it does about the Pi's
             | success.
             | 
             | Broadcom sold the chips to the Raspberry Pi organization at
             | a significant loss, not at a low markup or at cost. They
             | were not free, but they were close to free. The TI guys
             | never even gave anything close to "at cost" to the
             | BeagleBoard folks.
             | 
             | Also, the BeagleBoard was the most hobbyist-targeted and
             | the one with the best PR. There were, and still are, tens
             | of companies making SBCs, but before the RPi they would all
             | sell you singe unit quantity. Not any more. Most of them
             | actually had better support than TI. The NXP boards in
             | general were and still are my favorites.
             | 
             | Also, providing a product at a loss so that it
             | significantly undercuts your competition (also called
             | "dumping") is very much anticompetitive. I don't like using
             | the term for Raspberry Pi because they clearly weren't out
             | to create a monopoly, but the Raspberry Pi was dumping a
             | product.
        
         | Vogtinator wrote:
         | The Pi 5 is still not supported mainline. Proper mainline
         | support for older models was contributed by third-parties, not
         | the RPi foundation, which just care about their kernel fork.
        
         | whywhywhywhy wrote:
         | >they're developer kits for manufacturers that need a CPU
         | running a well supported mainline Linux in their products
         | 
         | It's not a great choice if you're hoping to productize from it,
         | for various reasons.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > they're developer kits for manufacturers that need a CPU
         | running a well supported mainline Linux in their products.
         | 
         | Raspberry Pi 5 isn't as well supported in mainline. You're
         | still going to be using their kernel if you want all the
         | features, just like many other module these days.
         | 
         | > The only reason they don't cost $500 or more
         | 
         | $500 is a huge exaggeration. There are numerous modules and
         | small boards well under that price that come with good support,
         | including many with full x86-64 CPUs.
         | 
         | I think it's more correct to say that the boards are
         | approaching equilibrium with other boards and modules in price,
         | not that they're secretly some premium $500 product sold at a
         | discount for reasons. Nobody would be buying Raspberry Pi
         | anything at $250, let alone $500.
        
         | ahepp wrote:
         | I see the Raspberry Pi model B+ available right now on Adafruit
         | for $30. It has a single core 700 MHz CPU and 512M RAM.
         | 
         | The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W is available right now for $15 with a
         | 1 GHz 64 bit quad core CPU and 512 MB RAM.
         | 
         | So it seems to me that you can get a Raspberry Pi SBC today,
         | that has higher or equal specs in every regard, for a lower
         | cost than the original. Am I missing something?
         | 
         | Looking at https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux, I scrolled a
         | few pages of commits and didn't even see one from outside the
         | Raspberry Pi org. I'm picking through their merged PRs and it
         | looks like _maybe_ there are a couple, it 's hard to tell.
         | 
         | But it looks to me like they just do a great job supporting
         | their own product?
        
         | LtWorf wrote:
         | You forget gpio
        
       | lhl wrote:
       | Pi's are great for easy hardware hacking, but I don't know if
       | they ever made that much sense as home servers. You could always
       | pick up used office/minipcs for even cheaper than a bare pi
       | board, and if you picked carefully, you wouldn't really be using
       | much more idle power.
       | 
       | Also EUR100-150 for those used 1L boxes sounds a bit pricey to
       | me, since in that range you can buy brand new minipcs that
       | perform similarly (personally for a network-centric device
       | probably I'd go on aliexpress and grab one of the fanless N100
       | router-style pcs).
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | They are ridiculously overpowered for a number of usecases,
         | even the older and cheaper 3 models. I'm running progscrape.com
         | on a 4 and it held up to HN traffic without sweating at all.
         | 
         | I had a Pi1 running Stylus for home monitoring with maybe 10%
         | CPU use at any time.
        
       | johnchristopher wrote:
       | I don't have room for that tinyminimicro pc case. I could fit 8
       | pi's in it.
       | 
       | > The Pi 5 can be fitted with an NVME SSD, but for me it's too
       | little, too late. Because I feel there is a type of computer on
       | the market, that is much more compelling than the Pi.
       | 
       | My pi4 has been running from an ssd for years now, no sd card.
       | Usb3,not nvme but still good enough for my (most ?) use case.
        
       | demondemidi wrote:
       | It is odd to me that people call the RPi 3/4/5 "not capable."
       | 
       | It depends on your needs. I find it perfectly capable when I need
       | more than an STM32/ESP, but less than a PC, which is about 90% of
       | the gadgetry I find enjoyable.
       | 
       | I don't understand all the anger. If you need a different
       | platform, you need a different platform. /shrugs/
        
         | floating-io wrote:
         | I'm starting to wonder if we're seeing the ramping up of an Arm
         | vs. Intel war at the same level as Mac vs. Windows, or emacs
         | vs. vi, with Raspberry Pi as a convenient proxy, and all the
         | usual foibles of every other us vs. them war.
         | 
         | It wouldn't surprise me if paid influencers were fanning the
         | flames, either; certain folks have a lot to lose if arm goes
         | mainstream on the desktop.
         | 
         | And then there's the recent Raspberry P-IPO or whatever it was,
         | which seems to have pissed a bunch of people off...
         | 
         | The timing is interesting.
         | 
         | I can see the appeal of the N100 and similar -- and am
         | currently considering one -- but it's hard to beat the ~1W
         | DNS/DHCP/Consul servers that have been humming away in this
         | house trouble free for the last decade...
         | 
         | I don't need those to power my homelab. There's a reason
         | they're separate, and tiny low-power Pi's are ideal for that
         | job.
         | 
         | I have in my possession more than merely a hammer. :)
        
           | AshamedCaptain wrote:
           | Where are these tiny low-power RPis that idle at 1W ? Are you
           | measuring at the wall (i.e. with the power adapter
           | inefficiencies?)
           | 
           | The entire point of the article is that at least the non-
           | micro RPis are not "low-power" at all (something that agrees
           | with my observations). The article is quoting around 3.5W for
           | the RPi5. I was also getting a similar reading for my older
           | RPi4 after months of fine-tuning, while _out of the box_ an
           | N4000 miniPC had 1.8W consumption at idle. RPi may be cheap,
           | but not much else.
        
       | politelemon wrote:
       | Can the mini PCs mentioned be used for videostreaming? From what
       | I recall RPIs are weak at Plex/Jellyfin.
        
         | louwrentius wrote:
         | Yes, the Intel-based one supports Quick Sync.
        
       | franciscop wrote:
       | I feel these comparisons are a bit funny. The "RasPi 5 is no
       | match for X", showing a picture of a computer that seems around
       | 5-8x times bigger in area, and probably around 20x bigger in
       | volume. They also cost A LOT more, but if you get them second
       | hand only +50%. Color me surprised, even when ignoring the
       | general totally different markets of those, even as a tiny PC
       | these are not fair comparisons (specially comparing a second-hand
       | device to the full cost of a new Raspi, adding the accessories
       | that we all hackers/makers already have).
        
         | louwrentius wrote:
         | A ton of people use Pis as small home servers and for that use
         | case, there are imho better options.
        
           | franciscop wrote:
           | Yes, for ALL purposes that people use the Pis for there's
           | definitely a better, more specific option. But that's the
           | great thing of the Pis, that they are very general-purpose
           | for hobbyists, while also being very well standardized and
           | documented (and run Ubuntu).
        
       | tjoff wrote:
       | I don't see the appeal of using these mini-PCs. Using an old
       | second hand power supply is enough to turn me away.
       | 
       | And the PI has many advantages. Power supply dies? I can order a
       | new one in literally seconds. And meanwhile I wait for it to
       | arrive I can use a spare notebook charger or whatever. Etc.
       | 
       | The shortage sucked, but it is solved now.
       | 
       | Last image I created I tucked in a Raspberry Pi 1, and it worked
       | just fine. The versatility is unmatched. Equally I can test an
       | image at my home and then let someone install it on the other
       | side of the globe.
       | 
       | The point of a Pi for me is more that you can have it where you
       | need it. Attached to your TV or whatever.
       | 
       | For a home server I would recommend something beefier, an old
       | desktop will be superior to any mini-pc and the Pi. But probably
       | bulkier and more power hungry.
       | 
       | A Pi5 with nvme does work and be a decent home server for
       | tinkering though. From my perspective the niche for the mini-PC
       | is pretty much nonexistent.
       | 
       | But I don't think maximum utility is the goal though, it is a
       | hobby. Do what you enjoy! Tinkering with low power PCs might be
       | enough of a reason alone.
       | 
       | But these comparisons to the Pi doesn't make much sense to me.
        
         | goosedragons wrote:
         | You can get new Mini PCs for not much more than a Pi 5,
         | especially if you want an 8GB model, case etc. $150-$200 will
         | get you an okay bottom barrel Intel PC with support for stuff
         | like SATA and M.2 SSDs which are more annoying to have on the
         | Pi.
        
           | AnotherGoodName wrote:
           | And $150 is overstating it. Look up 'n3350 all in one'. Lots
           | of models and retailers selling these atm. Intel must be
           | selling these cpus for a few cents given the price for these
           | complete systems with storage ram, case and power supply is
           | ~$65 even when not on sale.
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | N3350 is nearly ten years old and I suspect a lot of the
             | ultra cheap "new" systems using it are actually using
             | salvaged parts.
        
               | AnotherGoodName wrote:
               | I honestly don't get it at all considering the sheer
               | volume of these on the market right now. Is there any
               | chance intel would run off an old low cost design that
               | doesn't compete with the high end just to keep the 14nm
               | fabs busy? It seems like there's too many on the market
               | for salvage alone to explain it.
        
               | jimz wrote:
               | Not exactly salvage, but more like buying in volume from
               | government entities trying to liquidate either actual
               | surplus or fairly new but legally required retired
               | machines. The feds go through the GSA, state and local do
               | their own thing for the most part. It's not unusual to
               | see agencies attempt to sell multiple palettes of
               | computers or just about anything you can imagine for next
               | to nothing. Example:
               | https://www.gsaauctions.gov/auctions/preview/288722
               | 
               | I personally disliked dealing with federal agencies, but
               | entities as local as a school district can easily have a
               | palette of relatively new machines, sans hard drive, and
               | are far more flexible in payment and how you choose to
               | get it to you. For a brief period I used to rent a truck
               | and do weekly runs from Brooklyn mostly to Maryland and
               | Virginia and Pennsylvania and get back to my one bedroom
               | with 90-120 computers. At the palette level prices can
               | get down to the $10-$20 each machine level (probably
               | higher now due to inflation), hard drives aren't really
               | that expensive either. The biggest headache was shipping
               | but the process is likely far more streamlined today. Of
               | course, it probably would've been even cheaper if I
               | didn't operate out of a tiny 1 BR in Brooklyn and can
               | actually own a vehicle and have reliable parking It's not
               | exactly my tax dollars at work, but effectively it is a
               | sort of subsidized sale at the taxpayer's expense, Intel
               | isn't really selling anything for pennies on the dollar,
               | but pretty much every municipality and county government
               | will, at least at some point.
        
         | jnovek wrote:
         | I use two of them (Lenovos) in my small homelab. They take up
         | 1U side-by-side so they're great if you have limited space.
        
         | justsomehnguy wrote:
         | > I don't see the appeal of using these mini-PCs.
         | 
         | Suprise - you are not the ones who do.
         | 
         | > Using an old second hand power supply is enough to turn me
         | away.
         | 
         | > And the PI has many advantages. Power supply dies? I can
         | order a new one in literally seconds'.
         | 
         | This is a quite a stupid argument.
         | 
         | a) it's totally the same for any other PC: you just order
         | another 'in literally seconds'
         | 
         | b) if you don't like a second hand PSU then order a new one in
         | the first place
         | 
         | > And meanwhile I wait for it to arrive I can use a spare
         | notebook charger or whatever
         | 
         | ... just like you can have a compatible charger for a mini-PC
         | ?[0]
         | 
         | > For a home server I would recommend something beefier, an old
         | desktop will be superior to any mini-pc and the Pi
         | 
         | For most of the people there is no need in 'beefier', 32Gb RAM,
         | 256-1024Gb SATA/NVMe is all they need.
         | 
         | > The point of a Pi for me is more that you can have it where
         | you need it. Attached to your TV or whatever.
         | 
         | Anyone can have mini-PC where they need it. It's because they
         | are _mini_ , not a desktop ones.
         | 
         | [0] by the way, most of the time those mini-PCs have a notebook
         | style external PSUs (not some anemic square brick of 15W) and
         | they are quite rare to break
        
           | tjoff wrote:
           | The argument was that you already have a PSU at home. Or in
           | my small town I can get one in 15 minutes, or order it and
           | have it delivered tomorrow.
           | 
           | On the contrary, the notebook style external PSUs are more
           | likely to break and much harder to find replacements to. When
           | it has happened to me the best source to buy has been to
           | order it from another country.
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | > Power supply dies? I can order a new one in literally
         | seconds.
         | 
         | For the RPi 5, for fully reliable operation, you need an
         | oddball 5V/5A power supply, which is not actually a standard
         | device. IMO Raspberry Pi messed this one up. At the price
         | point, either use a barrel jack or support USB-PD for real.
         | (The latter would be _great_ for many use cases, because the
         | same conversion circuitry would enable driving from a wide
         | voltage range. A tiny cheap ESP board can do this -- why not a
         | rather pricey Raspberry Pi?)
        
           | tjoff wrote:
           | It is part of USB-PD though, it is just a recent addition
           | (PPS) that isn't that common yet.
           | 
           | I agree it isn't ideal, but you shouldn't blindly buy a PSU
           | to any computer. Extra easy mistake to make when it is USB-C
           | though.
        
             | ianburrell wrote:
             | PPS is getting more common. Quite a few phones need PPS for
             | fastest charging so seeing more chargers that support it.
             | It is still cheaper to buy official charger but barely. And
             | there are multi-port chargers where might be able to
             | support multiple Pi5.
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | I can't find any evidence that RPi5 supports PPS or that
             | anyone makes a 5V/5A PPS charger, except perhaps a massive
             | 100W charger or something along those lines. It's a silly
             | voltage/current combination.
             | 
             | edit: PPS is _not_ supported. See:
             | 
             | https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=359918
             | 
             | https://github.com/raspberrypi/rpi-eeprom/issues/497
        
               | tjoff wrote:
               | Thanks for the correction!
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | Oh, so it needs a 5A power supply. The problem is that
               | usually requires a >60W supply, which will be willing to
               | provide 5A. It also requires a marked cable. I think it
               | can legally be done with PPS if power supply supports 5A.
               | 
               | It is weird that Pi5 doesn't do USB-PD 27W supply which
               | is common. It would require converter from 9V. But that
               | would cost money.
        
             | justsomehnguy wrote:
             | > but you shouldn't blindly buy a PSU to any computer
             | 
             | Make up your mind.
             | 
             | Or you don't need to bother with RPi PSUs or _you shouldn
             | 't blindly buy a PSU to any computer_.
             | 
             | It's even more ridiculous what you were proven wrong _in
             | your_ assumptions about RPi PSU.
        
         | pelorat wrote:
         | Well for one, they have an normal HDD interface.
         | 
         | The worst part of a Pi is the SD card. It's truly the worst
         | interface to use for booting off. Extremely unreliable and due
         | to kernel bugs, having your system on an SD card is extremely
         | unstable. (but that is more of a Linux issue than an Pi issue).
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > Using an old second hand power supply is enough to turn me
         | away.
         | 
         | It's a standard 19V laptop power supply. Any laptop supply will
         | work with that HP device and they're just as easy to find as
         | any other power supply.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | I found RPi to be unusable for anything remotely serious.
         | Recently I got RPi 5 with NVMe hat. Had a lot of "fun" finding
         | drive that will actually work with it, so more money and time
         | spent. Got it working and found that it randomly dies after
         | couple of days. The time and money spent I probably could be
         | better off just getting one of those N100 mini PCs.
         | 
         | For dabbling with electronics Pico or STM32 seem more
         | reasonable. RPi GPIO is too limited for anything that could use
         | its processing power. Not sure if there are even any
         | distributions that would support realtime operations with those
         | pins or things like DMA, custom protocols working at 1x-1xx MHz
         | speeds.
        
       | earnesti wrote:
       | I always keep coming back to RPi because of the software support.
       | Now when I think about it, basically everything is secondary to
       | that. Most of the stuff with RPi just works like charm, and when
       | not, you usually find tons of information how to make it working.
       | Not so with other devices
        
       | diffeomorphism wrote:
       | Used, many years old PCs are cheap compared to new, non-used ones
       | and can be still perfectly sufficient for basic tasks. True, but
       | also seems very apples to oranges.
       | 
       | The proper comparison would be either be pi vs new mini PC (e.g.
       | n100 based) or new mini PC vs used mini PC.
        
       | Someone1234 wrote:
       | I recently spent some time looking into exactly this. I
       | ultimately decided to go with an N100 running Proxmox. It is a
       | wonderful compromise between power utilization and compute.
       | 
       | The N100 was roughly $50 more than the Pi 5 (after adding storage
       | to the Pi). The idle cost to power both is roughly $5/year for
       | the Pi5 and $10/year for an N100 (based on local electricity
       | rates YMMV).
       | 
       | I'd argue the Pi still has a purpose: Running it off of
       | battery/solar is likely better, it is physically smaller, and it
       | also has pin-outs and documentation/software to support it. If
       | all you're after though is a small-low power usage computer, it
       | may not be the first choice anymore.
        
       | tacticalturtle wrote:
       | If you're in a small apartment or sensitive to noise, I think
       | it's still worth considering the Pi or a new fanless N100 system.
       | 
       | I bought a tiny Lenovo i5-6500 system on eBay, and while it's
       | fantastic from a price/performance perspective, you can still
       | hear a subtle whine when the ambient noise drops.
       | 
       | Which makes total sense - the acoustic output is probably not a
       | major consideration when they're optimizing for footprint and
       | cost.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > I think it's still worth considering the Pi or a new fanless
         | N100 system. I bought a tiny Lenovo i5-6500 system on eBay, and
         | while it's fantastic from a price/performance perspective, you
         | can still hear a subtle whine when the ambient noise drops.
         | 
         | This. I basically made nearly the same comment somewhere else
         | in this thread. But then we have similar nicknames so...
        
           | tacticalturtle wrote:
           | And at almost exactly the same time! Maybe some parallel
           | universes crossed over.
        
         | fbdab103 wrote:
         | At least for the lower power draw models, can you disable the
         | fan entirely? Or cut the RPMs in half?
        
           | tacticalturtle wrote:
           | It's an i5-6500T, which is the same as the regular Skylake,
           | but limited to a max of 2.5GHz
           | 
           | I actually solved the problem by just discretely routing an
           | Ethernet cable to a closet - but considering that it averages
           | 10W from the wall, I definitely suspect I could get away with
           | taking the lid off and adding a larger heat sink.
        
         | mynegation wrote:
         | This is situation I am in and I went for a completely fanless
         | mini ITX system that works very well for me for close to 10
         | years already (yes, it is time for an upgrade - probably to a
         | fanless N100 based mini ITX). These systems are a great
         | alternative to both Raspberry Pi's (that now need fans) and
         | those repurposed office PCs, even if you do not mind the fans.
        
         | ulnarkressty wrote:
         | Buyer beware - Dell mini PCs also have this problem, they run
         | constantly and are clearly audible in a quiet room. The BIOS
         | doesn't have any options to disable or reduce the RPM, software
         | sensors don't see the fan and if you unplug it or try to
         | undervolt it the motherboard panics and doesn't boot anymore.
         | Had to sell mine away.
         | 
         | Otherwise they're a nice piece of kit. Perhaps someone can hack
         | the BIOS to remove the fan protections.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | I find TFA interesting because I've got at home, both on my desk
       | and in the closet, a _mix_ of Raspberry Pis and... HP EliteDesk
       | mini PCs  / NUCs. I mean: literally the same HP EliteDesk as
       | pictured in TFA. I bought three HP EliteDesk that were
       | decommissioned from a nearby NATO base (so I bought them factory
       | reset and without any hard disk in them).
       | 
       | One advantage the EliteDesk do have is that they are _not_ ARM,
       | which can help at times when I need to run that 's only shipped
       | as an image and that wasn't compiled for ARM. I know there are
       | other ways but, well, when that happens I just run that on the
       | EliteDesk.
       | 
       | Now the very obvious advantage the Raspberry Pi have: no fans.
       | That is, to me, a big one. A huge one. My main PC is so quiet
       | that I do hear the EliteDesk's fans when I turn one on. Typically
       | I'll just run a Plex server at home on the EliteDesk and only
       | turn it on when I want to stream something: the rest of the time
       | they're off.
       | 
       | The Pi do run servers not requiring lots of CPU: like an
       | _unbound_ DNS server.
       | 
       | I don't see these as mutually exclusive: they can be
       | complementary.
       | 
       | If I had to pick only one I'd probably still pick a Pi though.
        
         | louwrentius wrote:
         | The Pi 5 needs a fan, unless you can find a special case that
         | allows the device to run without a fan. I run the Pi4 which
         | hosts this blog fan-less and that works fine, even 'right now'.
        
           | distances wrote:
           | Not the parent, but I run my Pi5 without a case, out of
           | sight. I do have the Active Cooler fan on it, but on normal
           | low intensity usage the fan turns on only during bootup and
           | otherwise stays off.
        
           | t43562 wrote:
           | You can choose not to use a fan.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | Sorry, but if you're going to write the Pi5 off, do it properly
       | 
       | compare it to an intel n100 machine.
       | https://www.amazon.co.uk/TRIGKEY-Lake-N100-Processor-G4-Comp...
       | PS165 16 gigs of ram, 500gig ssd.
       | 
       | 1957 single core passmark and 5548 multicore. More importantly
       | its 5 watts at _full CPU_
       | 
       | You can run it off 19v DC, and its physically tiny. Yes, it has a
       | fan, but its not that loud, significantly quieter than the HP
       | 
       | The second hand HP is just not compelling anymore, unless you
       | need more than one drive, or you need something physically
       | larger.
       | 
       | TLDR: the PI isn't great for KVM. The n100 is.
       | 
       | I have a mix of n100s, NUCs and Pis. Each has their purpose. If
       | you really want cheap ephemeral linux, then the pi-zero is still
       | dirt cheap. PS20 for a linux machine with wifi.
        
       | louwrentius wrote:
       | The irony is that HN is now hitting my solar-powered Pi4 on which
       | this blog is hosted, and the cores don't even go past 25% if they
       | even get there.
       | 
       | No need for a tiniminimicro to host a static blog site :-)
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | I buy every Pi and try to run MechWarrior 2 in dosbox and they've
       | all fallen short. I also have a Surface Go 2 (bought used for
       | $80) w/ 4GB of memory + Pentium Gold and it runs flawlessly.
       | 
       | Relatedly- I find that old hardware is still very capable but
       | ruined by new media codecs that lack HW acceleration. Are the new
       | codecs really worth it when they essentially render whole
       | generations obsolete for media?
        
         | dddw wrote:
         | Ugh I just loved to play that game. Cool you still do!
        
       | haunter wrote:
       | I have some of these mini PCs at home. Not just HP but Lenovo and
       | Dell are also making them. A Dell Optiplex 3080 with i5-10500T,
       | 16GB DDR4, and 256GB NVMe SSD is ~200EUR and can be upgraded to
       | 64GB RAM with a lot of storage (NVMe + a 2,5")
        
       | mvkel wrote:
       | I mean it's, what, 5X the volume of a raspi? I would hope it's in
       | a different class.
        
       | raffraffraff wrote:
       | I wrote a post on my (deleted) blog back in 2022, and in it I
       | documented some of the issues I ran into with the Raspberry pi 4
       | when I was building a media pc that I bolted onto the back of a
       | TV.
       | 
       | Briefly, the Pi absolutely sucked in a bunch of ways compared to
       | the MeLE Quieter 3Q that replaced it.
       | 
       | 1. Pi couldn't use USB 7.1 audio device in the mode I needed (7.1
       | out + line in). No idea why, but Linux totally froze up when I
       | selected that mode, and remained frozen until I physically
       | unplugged the usb device. On the same USB device this worked fine
       | on other computers. This meant that I couldn't use my external
       | Bluetooth receiver seamlessly via the Pi.
       | 
       | 2. YouTube failed in a bunch of ways. Seriously! Neither Chrome
       | nor Firefox would work 100% reliably. Sound issues on most
       | videos, awful performance, locking up the browser.
       | 
       | https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=323640&start=...
       | 
       | https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=151632
       | 
       | 3. Can't be put to sleep or remotely started using Wake On LAN
       | 
       | 4. Lacking sufficient hardware encoders/decoders
       | 
       | 5. Everything goes through the USB bus, so you get awful
       | storage/network performance
       | 
       | 6. Can't use Wine to run windows apps. While this may not be an
       | issue for many people it was for me because I wanted to use
       | MusicBee. Wine works fine on the Pi _if you 've got ARM
       | compatible windows apps_. So good luck with that.
       | 
       | 7. The hassle and cost of getting a decent case.
       | 
       | I ended up spending a few hundred bucks on the MeLe and
       | everything just worked. Flawlessly. First time. And I had a wide-
       | open choice of Linux distributions.
        
       | scosman wrote:
       | New vs used is mentioned, but kinda critical for the comparison.
       | Yes a $60 board is definitely less capable than a $300 PC. The
       | cost difference is primarily driven by the factors compared:
       | better CPU, better IO, and more memory. You get what you pay for
       | and you can get deals in the used market.
       | 
       | Pi's are great for their ecosystem, being fanless, and cost for a
       | brand new device.
       | 
       | Aside: ESP32/ESP8266 have taken over a lot of the hobbyist realm
       | for connectivity + GPIO. $3 dev boards that are plenty fast for
       | almost any single use-case scenario.
        
       | xhrpost wrote:
       | This is timely, after not getting my Orange pi to boot an image,
       | I saw I can get an actual mini PC like these used on eBay for
       | like $60 shipped. 8GB ram and 500gb SSD with small form factor.
       | I'm considering buying more and trying to host some old school
       | LAN parties as used LCD monitors can also be had for about $50.
        
       | gizmo686 wrote:
       | These conversations around the rPi make no sense to me. To me the
       | value of rPi has always been:
       | 
       | * Simple to install a well supported OS with a full UI. * GPIO
       | array (including pwm, i2c, etc)
       | 
       | I could take one. Connect a keyboard and monitor. Jumper a few
       | pins into a breadboard with an LED matrix, and right a python
       | script to bitbang a multiplexed LED array
       | 
       | The only other product I have seen that I view as even competing
       | in the same space is the OrangePi line. However, those are vastly
       | inferior in terms of support.
        
         | AshamedCaptain wrote:
         | Compared to an x86 PC which is what TFA is showing ? The only
         | argument in favour of the RPi is GPIOs, but "simple to install"
         | and "support" definitely are a thousand times better on
         | standard x86 PCs than on any of these ARM SBCs.
        
           | gizmo686 wrote:
           | Right. It is the combination of the two features.
           | 
           | If _all_ you want is the GPIO array, there are thousands of
           | other boards you could buy.
           | 
           | If _all_ you want is a well supported, easy to use computer,
           | there are hundreds of options to choice from.
           | 
           | If you want both in a single product, your options are very
           | limited.
        
       | dabeeeenster wrote:
       | I have a Pi 4.
       | 
       | It runs home assistant and bunch of other docker images.
       | 
       | It has a DVBT-2 hat that feeds tvheadend that lets me watch
       | broadcast TV on my laptop and phone.
       | 
       | It doesnt make a noise. It doesnt reboot randomly. It doesnt get
       | hot. It doesnt get hacked.
       | 
       | After that, who cares?
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | Of course it's not. It's not even a match against the Rockchip
       | boards I've been testing over the past few months:
       | https://taoofmac.com/space/blog/2024/06/16/1800
       | 
       | I also have recently gotten an N100 mini-PC, which helped me put
       | one of my ancient mini-ITX i7 machines out to pasture. Those are
       | amazing (and are dipping under $120 with 12GB RAM and 512GB SATA
       | SSDs).
       | 
       | But more to the point, I think the space the original Pi occupied
       | in hobbyist land is being eaten up by RP2040 and ESP32 MCUs,
       | which can do everything I need I/O wise and with increasingly
       | sophisticated software support (MicroPython is amazing for
       | prototyping, and I even got a WaveShare RP2040 board to test that
       | is a direct drop-in replacement for a Pi Zero)
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | I've moved my media players and servers to mini PCs and unlocked
       | Chromeboxes and couldn't be more happy. Performance is on another
       | planet compared to the RPi. Mini PCs however can't be used when
       | one needs a small board with lots of gpios, but there's a lot of
       | (often cheaper and faster) competition in that field as well.
       | Please, keep in mind that the usual story "other boards don't
       | have decent Linux support/community" is simply not true. Here are
       | Armbian and DietPi pages where you can find images with mainline
       | support for a lot of common boards, including forums. Images
       | supplied by the board manufacturer should rather be intended for
       | quick testing only as you can't count on their support; just
       | ignore them and go straight to Armbian or DietPi sites, and
       | consider contributing for their hard work.
       | 
       | https://www.armbian.com/download/
       | 
       | https://dietpi.com/#download
        
       | nullify88 wrote:
       | Powertop is a great utility for identifying wakeups and CPU C
       | states, but for tweaking power management flags in Linux, I find
       | TLP (https://linrunner.de/tlp/index.html) to achieve greater
       | power savings at the "cost" of more configuration.
        
       | chad1n wrote:
       | Raspberry Pi is mostly an expensive toy at this point, it costs
       | 60-80$ and it's pretty hard to buy one to begin with. You can't
       | use it for most electronics projects because it's overkill and
       | also it's not as powerful as a n100 or a second hand pc. If you
       | are lucky, you can snipe a bunch of ryzen 3 hps or dells (if you
       | don't need a lot of performance) for 60-80$ or ryzen 5s at 120$
       | (if you need a bit more).
        
       | PreInternet01 wrote:
       | This headline makes as much sense as "the Kia Niro is no match
       | for the Volvo FH" -- it really all depends on what you want to do
       | with it?
       | 
       | RPi5 is a great platform for prototyping, and many hobbyist
       | applications, even if you move to ESP32 or similar afterwards, or
       | if you decide that PC-ish platforms work better for you after
       | all.
       | 
       | "One size fits all" has never worked in computing history and
       | most likely never will...
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | My home router runs on a dual core Intel Celeron. Software wise
       | it's OPNSense in KVM and a few docker containers on the host.
       | Measured power draw is 4-5W. That's with an SSD and 16GB RAM.
       | It's also way faster than any Raspberry Pi. The notion that Intel
       | draws a lot of power is wildly outdated.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | I consolidated about a dozen raspberry pis and virtual servers
       | onto a Hyper V server https://info.microsoft.com/ww-landing-
       | microsoft-hyper-v-serv...
       | 
       | Hyper V Server runs any Linux VM via VHD or ISO installation
       | image. You can provision using Vagrant to automate your setup.
       | 
       | It was nice to consolidate all of my resources, clean up the
       | spider web of raspberry pi's, and reduce VM costs by running
       | everything locally .
        
         | stock_toaster wrote:
         | I'm curious... Why hyper-v and not something like proxmox?
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | Originally the server & VMs were running on my windows 11 pro
           | dev machine. Keeping HyperV made it easier to move them to
           | another machine.
           | 
           | Now that I have a separate server, I find it easier to
           | develop the VMs on my dev machine, snapshot and then migrate
           | them to the server. I have a library of base images for
           | alpine, Debian & Kali Linux that I can launch as easily as
           | AWS.
           | 
           | Using Hyper-V across both makes this seamless. I can manage
           | the servers using the Windows Management Instrumentation
           | (gui) or RDP into the server.
           | 
           | I know many Linux users have aversion to Windows, but I get a
           | lot of benefit out of Windows for other applications as well
           | (gaming, one drive, document indexing, copilot, as well as
           | all the great native apps)
        
       | giantrobot wrote:
       | I've gone this direction with my home lab stuff as well. I have
       | an assortment of older RPis up to a couple RPi 4Bs. Most I bought
       | to use on projects where I wanted Linux plus GPIOs and they were
       | and still are good for that purpose.
       | 
       | I've also given in to the temptation to use them as little
       | servers on my LAN for various sorts of things. I've even tried to
       | use them for HTPC boxes and they have worked ok.
       | 
       | However I have sent all my Pi's back to projects where I just
       | want Linux plus GPIO. For everything else I replaced them with
       | cheap mini PCs.
       | 
       | 1) a bare Pi on a workbench/desk is fine but when connected to a
       | TV in the living room has a very low WAF.
       | 
       | 2) the arrangement of ports on a Pi are a complete pain in the
       | ass. Even _with_ a case any installation of a Pi looks like a
       | careless hack job.
       | 
       | 3) MicroUSB is complete fucking garbage. The port/connector wears
       | or breaks and the slightest bump powers off the Pi. MicroUSB
       | power supplies are usually also garbage and typically have
       | criminally short cables. "Appliance" appropriate power for a Pi
       | costs more than the Pi itself. USB-C in the 4B is better but I've
       | only got one of those.
       | 
       | 4) like power supplies a decent microSD card that won't randomly
       | fail in a Pi ends up costing as much as a Pi.
       | 
       | I replaced a bunch of individual Pis running servers with a
       | single mini PC with an N95. The Pis weren't taxed with the server
       | loads so the N95 doesn't break a sweat. It's also way easier to
       | manage since the various server apps are managed by a docker
       | compose file.
       | 
       | The mini PCs replacing the HTPC Pis are just a better experience
       | overall. The ports are all on one side, they have same barrel
       | connectors for power, and their local storage doesn't magically
       | corrupt itself because the unknowingly cheap power supply didn't
       | provide enough power.
       | 
       | I still love the Pis for small nerd projects but just don't want
       | to deal with them anymore for pretty much anything else. If you
       | _don 't_ need GPIO for a project and physical volume isn't a
       | prime concern a <$100 mini PC is a far more convenient option
       | today than a Pi. That wasn't true ten years ago which was why I
       | started using Pis for servers and stuff but today it is
       | definitely the case.
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | TL;dr: brand new top end Pi 5 similar price to second hand base
       | spec of another type of computer.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | _The AMD-based system is cheaper, but you 'pay' in higher idle
       | power usage._
       | 
       | That 6W more costs around $5.26 per year at $0.10/kWh, which is
       | basically nothing.
        
         | krasin wrote:
         | In SF Bay Area, the cost of electricity is $0.42/kWh, so around
         | $20/year for just extra idle usage. Still not a lot, but it
         | adds up.
        
       | axegon_ wrote:
       | Well... Yeah... I have a bunch of raspberry pis from back when
       | they were cheap + a raspberry pi 400 I won at a hackathon a few
       | years ago. There are things about them that I love(the older ones
       | to be more specific): low power and great thermals. But ever
       | since their prices skyrocketed, I have completely abandoned the
       | newer ones and opted out for what me and my friends refer to as
       | "cubes". Optiplex micros and similar ones. They are a tiny bit
       | more expensive but you have expandable storage and memory and in
       | lots of cases upgradable cpu if it comes down to it. And most
       | importantly x86, which I take over ARM any day of the week,
       | especially when I have to dive a layer or two deeper - it's just
       | more convenient having all the additional tools.
       | 
       | However I have one or two projects that I keep kicking down the
       | road due to time constraints which involves a rasprerry pi zero
       | w2. The reason being is that it's compact, packs a decent punch
       | and is extremely easy to power it from an 18650 battery and keep
       | a low profile.
       | 
       | I'm fine with the current prices of the raspberry pis but it's
       | hard to justify using one of them if you don't need GPIO pins or
       | something that uses little power. My advice to the raspberry pi
       | foundation is to stop trying to push performance and focus on
       | features. I'd be the first in line to get a new raspberry if it
       | comes with a battery hat and LoRa built in(the project I was
       | referring to really). Here's another one(which ironically already
       | sort of exists): the milkv duo. There are lots of cases when you
       | don't need a full operating system 24/7, which would waste a lot
       | of resources to do one-off tasks every now and then. Ideally you
       | should be able to boot the OS from a sensor or some sort of
       | signal, which is hooked to a very under-powered micro-controller
       | only when you really need it, let it do it's job and then power
       | it off. As we stand, the raspberry pi foundation largely offers
       | the same product in different form factors with some arguably
       | marginal upgrades, which most people don't really need.
        
       | turtlebits wrote:
       | You don't buy a Pi for performance. You buy it for peace of mind.
       | If one dies you can easily find a replacement and just swap out
       | the SD card.
        
         | pi-rat wrote:
         | Not that different for the prodesk/elitedesk small form factors
         | IMHO. There's a steady supply of cheap used ones available on
         | most online marketplaces (there's probably millions of them
         | being cycled out of offices every year).
         | 
         | Get a new replacement one, swap over the NVME. Doesn't have to
         | be the same cpu, linux handles the rest.
        
       | liampulles wrote:
       | In my area there are a few pawn shops who offer second hand DELL
       | enterprise pcs, which is great for me because they struggle to
       | sell them to the general public and I've gotten my hand on one or
       | two for a steal.
       | 
       | I use one as a server, and another as a media center PC. My
       | server has been going without issue for 5+ years now (granted,
       | I'm not stressing it, its just for serving files and doing
       | downloads).
        
       | lemonlime0x3C33 wrote:
       | I will always love raspberry pi's, they are well supported and
       | great for quick and cheap prototyping. I have used them to teach
       | children how to code (They really enjoyed working with sensehat),
       | research at university, and at work for rapidly prototyping. The
       | size is also easy to work with.
       | 
       | There are better SBC's out there, but raspberry pi is familiar.
       | 
       | I really hope the recent IPO doesn't change too much...
        
       | whoiscroberts wrote:
       | Not when you compare per watt performance.
        
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