[HN Gopher] Face of ancient Australian 'giga-goose' revealed aft...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Face of ancient Australian 'giga-goose' revealed after fossil skull
       found
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 83 points
       Date   : 2024-06-15 01:20 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nhm.ac.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nhm.ac.uk)
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | Searching "giga-goose" before June 3rd brings up basically
       | nothing, someone last year called this species a "gigantic goose"
       | and a bunch of unrelated things. I wonder where the nickname came
       | from, and how important it was towards getting this article
       | published.
       | 
       | Also I wonder if there's a move away from "mega" towards "giga"
       | as mega anything seems kinda small. I can't see "tera" ever being
       | a thing, I can't think of an independent connection to some other
       | word meaning large.
        
         | viraptor wrote:
         | It's really weird that giga was used, since mega has a specific
         | meaning in this context:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megafauna
        
           | martyvis wrote:
           | Alliteration always anticipates attention.
        
         | greggsy wrote:
         | They don't get as much love as the more famous Genyornis, also
         | known as the "Demon Duck of Doom" [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://australian.museum/learn/australia-over-
         | time/extinct-...
        
           | jpm_sd wrote:
           | This would make a great title for the next Untitled Goose
           | Game
        
             | werrett wrote:
             | Doubly so given that Untitled Goose Game is from an
             | Australian game studio.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_House
        
         | YurgenJurgensen wrote:
         | Etymologically, "giga" does make more sense as a generic 'big'
         | prefix than "mega". I believe that the former basically means
         | "great" while the latter means "mighty", which is less
         | flexible.
         | 
         | "Tera" has the problem of being overloaded. It's a homophone
         | with "terra" which is a common prefix for things related to the
         | Earth or ground. Also that lack of a strong second consonant
         | hurts it. Etymologically it means "monstrous", which is even
         | less flexible.
        
       | Tao3300 wrote:
       | I'm generally curious about what these ancient megafauna tasted
       | like. Especially this one now, seeing as humans apparently ate
       | them to extinction. Someone start cloning monster geese!
        
         | lenerdenator wrote:
         | > Someone start cloning monster geese!
         | 
         | Does Canada's work not count in this regard?
        
         | card_zero wrote:
         | I vaguely remember somebody tasting thawed-out mammoth once.
         | This would be a better story if it had a conclusion.
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | https://www.adn.com/alaska-life/2023/05/07/mystery-meat-
           | of-1...
           | 
           | Tells of two such people, and a myth of more. It tastes like
           | you'd expect random meat sitting in a freezer for millennia
           | to taste like.
        
         | llm_trw wrote:
         | I'd imagine the sooner something went extinct the tastier it
         | was.
        
           | suzzer99 wrote:
           | Local legend in Central America has it that manatees contain
           | every kind of meat - chicken, beef, poultry, even bacon. As
           | you can imagine, before modern protections, manatees tended
           | to disappear not long after humans moved into a region.
        
         | yzydserd wrote:
         | Hopefully the Giga Goose tastes better than the Lidl Goose.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | > Shortly after humans arrived, however, Genyornis went extinct.
       | The birds are thought to have been eaten into extinction, with
       | climate change hastening their demise.
       | 
       | It's funny how they (and all the other large mammals) survived
       | for 1.8M years of massive global climate change but the period
       | just after we arrived (like in the Americas) was what "hastened
       | their demise" rather than the humans with clubs they hadn't had
       | time to evolve to be scared of, eating every last one of them.
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | I guess they tasted really, really good? :)
        
         | elmomle wrote:
         | > The paper suggests that these adaptations might be a sign
         | that the bird was already struggling before the arrival of
         | humans. Changing climate patterns meant that wet areas like
         | Lake Callabonna started getting drier around 60,000 years ago
         | and dried up completely 12,000 years later.
         | 
         | > There are indications that the legs of Genyornis were
         | gradually adapting to this drier climate, but the species would
         | have remained under considerable pressure. This environmental
         | stress is thought to be why the birds had higher than expected
         | levels of bone disease at around the same time.
         | 
         | In this case it sounds like climate change was in fact a
         | stressor, though I believe you're right--even without climate
         | change this bird would have gone the way of the moa. Perhaps a
         | better phrasing would have been "Already under stress from
         | climate change, they are thought to have been eaten to
         | extinction."
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | Disagree with this assessment. There was not large numbers of
           | humans until the end of the glacial period and the advent of
           | pastoralism and agriculture.
        
             | Jedd wrote:
             | > pastoralism and agriculture?
             | 
             | Which landmass / culture / epoch are you trying to describe
             | here?
        
           | llm_trw wrote:
           | For one species, sure, for 35 you have to wonder how
           | ideologically driven you have to be to keep blaming the
           | environment. We're at tobacco companies in the 90s level of
           | denialism here.
        
             | strken wrote:
             | This is an uncharitable interpretation of the facts.
             | 
             | The thing about climate change in prehistory is that it
             | drives changes to human life. Archaeologists put glacial
             | maxima on their timelines because it's such an important
             | factor when trying to understanding human migration, the
             | spread of new technologies that do better in drier or
             | wetter climates, the shift to different food sources, and
             | so on. This predates the current climate-aware political
             | landscape.
             | 
             | If 90% of a species is killed off by climate change, and if
             | for hundreds of thousands of years that species survived
             | glacial maxima in reservoir populations in areas that are
             | now populated by starving humans who kill the remaining
             | 10%, was it the climate or the humans who wiped out the
             | species? The changing climate killed more, but the humans
             | were the differentiating factor, so which one do you point
             | the finger at?
             | 
             | I don't think it's right to call that denialism.
        
               | N0b8ez wrote:
               | > The changing climate killed more, but the humans were
               | the differentiating factor, so which one do you point the
               | finger at?
               | 
               | If we're the differentiating factor, I'd have to blame
               | us. Am I right in understanding that these species were
               | normally being thinned during each glacial maxima, such
               | that it was already a set part of their evolutionary
               | environment? If that's right, then aren't we the ones to
               | blame?
               | 
               | Otherwise, is a murderer merely a "contributing cause" to
               | someone's death if the victim happens to be sick at the
               | time of the killing?
        
               | strken wrote:
               | I think there's a good argument that either or both
               | factors contributed. We tend to blame people because they
               | have agency and the natural world does not, and that's
               | not a bad way to understand things.
               | 
               | My main point was that I don't think it would be
               | denialism for someone to say "no, the species was pushed
               | to the brink by climate change anyway, we know other
               | species went extinct prior to human colonisation, and
               | even though humans arguably made it worse there's no
               | conclusive evidence". Glacial maxima are hundreds of
               | thousands of years apart and given the timescales
               | involved it's hard to say whether a species is adapted to
               | them or whether it just got lucky.
        
               | N0b8ez wrote:
               | Weren't there something like 5 glacial maxima in the past
               | 200 thousand years? I had the impression they were more
               | regularly occurring than "hundreds of thouands of years
               | apart".
        
               | strken wrote:
               | Yeah my bad, I meant that glacial and interglacial
               | periods happen in a cycle that can take up to 100k years
               | before it repeats, but phrased it in a way that's
               | outright wrong as well as misleading. I think the overall
               | point still stands though.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | There's a lot of divided opinion there in the informed
         | community, not many think that humans soley wiped out the
         | megafauna, a good number question whether they played a
         | _significant_ decisive role in their demise, most think humans
         | killed and ate a few.
         | 
         | What is certain is the same change in global conditions that
         | allowed humans to walk to Australia and later filled the moat
         | coincided with the fall off in megafauna. There's correlation,
         | but causation??
         | 
         | The divided opinions:
         | 
         |  _Climate change not to blame for late Quaternary megafauna
         | extinctions in Australia_ (2016)
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10511
         | 
         |  _Humans killed most of Australia's megafauna: study_ (2017)
         | https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2017/01/humans-...
         | 
         |  _Did people or climate kill off the megafauna? Actually, it
         | was both_ (2019) https://theconversation.com/did-people-or-
         | climate-kill-off-t...
         | 
         |  _Humans coexisted with three-tonne marsupials and lizards as
         | long as cars_ (2020) https://theconversation.com/humans-
         | coexisted-with-three-tonn...                   It turns out
         | humans coexisted with the megafauna over about 80% of south-
         | eastern Sahul for up to 15,000 years, depending on the region
         | in question.              In other regions such as Tasmania,
         | there was no such coexistence. This rules out humans as a
         | likely driver of megafauna extinction in those areas.
        
           | sethammons wrote:
           | You seem certain on something that is not certain. People
           | likely traveled over water. Ancient people were very
           | impressive.
           | 
           | From https://digital-classroom.nma.gov.au/learning-
           | modules/ancien....
           | 
           | > The first people probably came to Australia from around the
           | area that is now Timor. To get to Australia, they must have
           | made a canoe voyage of about 90 to 150 kilometres of open
           | water, which would have been a remarkable maritime
           | achievement
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | "Walk" as in short voyages during the time of the Sahul: ht
             | tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahul#/media/File:Map_of_Sunda.
             | ..
             | 
             | The timing aligns with the genetics and with artefacts:
             | https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-
             | moments/resources/evidence-o...
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | The climate change gave them fewer places to hide from the
         | humans with clubs.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | > humans with clubs they hadn't had time to evolve to be scared
         | of
         | 
         | This is not a thing. Species don't require generations to learn
         | to be afraid of other species that hunt them. Species have
         | encountered new species since the beginning of time. If it took
         | 1000 generations to learn such a thing, nothing would have ever
         | made it.
         | 
         | It's not as if there's a shortage of dangerous predators in
         | Australia, even to this day.
         | 
         | Just because an article hand waves an explanation doesn't make
         | it so.
        
           | acyou wrote:
           | It takes surprisingly few generations to evolve traits. If
           | there is a distribution of skittishness and a high pass
           | filter takes away everything under a given limit, you'll get
           | rapid evolution.
           | 
           | As another example, urban populations of animals have evolved
           | to tolerate noise in the span of very few generations.
           | 
           | Giant flightless goose- very tasty!
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | _> due to the lack of natural predators, the wildlife in the
           | Galapagos is known for being extremely tame without
           | instinctual fear._
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_wildlife
           | 
           | We have actual evidence that it is a developed instinct. If
           | you've ever been to the Galapagos islands, it's extremely
           | obvious. The sea lions and pelicans casually walk up to the
           | counter at the fish market as if they're just regulars
           | shopping.
        
         | noelwelsh wrote:
         | It's worth noting there is also evidence that the Australian
         | aborigines changed the climate, making Australia drier, with
         | their hunting practice of burning forest:
         | https://theconversation.com/how-aboriginal-burning-changed-a...
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | Strictly speaking there's no _evidence_ just _suggestion_ and
           | _opinion_.
           | 
           | Associate Professor Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll has littered his
           | article with qualifiers:
           | 
           | * During the last few decades, human-induced climate change
           | has been a pervasive theme in the scientific literature.
           | 
           | * Ruddiman's research, while not without its critics,
           | suggests that these resultant climatic changes ...
           | 
           | * This is the idea that early agriculturalists caused an
           | anomalous reversal ...
           | 
           | * He showed that vegetation clearing, overgrazing and burning
           | may have had an impact ...
           | 
           | * Tom Lyons' "bunny fence" experiments have drawn attention
           | to likely climate impacts and feedbacks ...
           | 
           | etc.
           | 
           | I'm neither agreeing nor disagreeing with the notions put
           | forward, just highlighting that the article is not as you
           | paraphrased it.
        
             | chownie wrote:
             | No, that is what constitutes the word evidence, I think
             | you've mistaken the meaning of _proof_ for the meaning of
             | evidence.
             | 
             | There is evidence that aborigines affected the climate, but
             | there is not proof.
        
           | lmpdev wrote:
           | I'm not aware of it changing our climate but it's an
           | essential process even today
           | 
           | We back burn areas most likely to cause uncontrollable
           | bushfires in the future
           | 
           | Most of the continent requires fire, with the notable
           | exception of Tassie and some rainforests scattered throughout
           | the mainland
        
             | Jedd wrote:
             | I think the suggestion is that the flora ~80,000 ya did
             | _not_ need fire so much as it does today, and that the
             | change in fire requirement was a _result of_ broad-scale,
             | regular, frequent, intentionally lit fires.
             | 
             | Adaptation and species selection has resulted in what we
             | have now -- as distinct from finding ourselves in a land
             | that happens to need regular burning.
             | 
             | Contrast us with comparable latitudes (15-35 from the
             | equator) on other landmasses.
        
               | noelwelsh wrote:
               | Agreed. That is also my understanding as well.
               | 
               | In Brazil, transpiration from the Amazon rainforest
               | produces more water vapour than the amount of water
               | transported by the Amazon river. This is known as an
               | atmospheric river (e.g. [1]) and is now seen as critical
               | to the Brazilian climate. I think the theory is that wide
               | spread burning in Australia destroyed the atmospheric
               | river there, which led to a much drier continent than
               | existed before humans arrived.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.noaa.gov/stories/what-are-atmospheric-
               | rivers
        
         | hyperthesis wrote:
         | The climate change created land bridges. https://xkcd.com/552
        
         | Sparkyte wrote:
         | Must be why Canadian geese are so aggressive.
         | 
         | Jokes aside bet they tasted good.
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | I'm imagining a two meter high Canadian Goose. Completely
       | terrifying.
        
         | 9dev wrote:
         | Two and a half!
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | A goose the size of a moose.
        
       | singularity2001 wrote:
       | Tyrannosaurus cousin.
        
       | Beijinger wrote:
       | Dude, this is an ugly bird.
        
         | vouaobrasil wrote:
         | Looks pretty to me. Prettier than most humans.
        
           | dymk wrote:
           | Takes all kinds
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | > Their extinction was so rapid that only one poorly preserved
       | skull was thought to have survived, leaving much to learn about
       | this enormous bird.
       | 
       | It's not obvious to me how the speed of extinction would affect
       | the number or quality of preserved skeletons.
        
       | ibejoeb wrote:
       | That doesn't look very scary. More like a six-foot turkey.
        
         | suzzer99 wrote:
         | If it had the temperament of a cassowary it would be absolutely
         | terrifying.
        
       | tonetegeatinst wrote:
       | A challenger to the laser Kiwi approaches.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-06-15 23:01 UTC)