[HN Gopher] Indian startup 3D prints rocket engine in 72 hours
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       Indian startup 3D prints rocket engine in 72 hours
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 316 points
       Date   : 2024-06-13 11:02 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | instagraham wrote:
       | Among world-firsts that happen in contemporary India, this is
       | probably one of the coolest.
        
         | passion__desire wrote:
         | There is a veritasium video on rocket 3d printing.
        
           | edm0nd wrote:
           | For the curious: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz165f1g8-E
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | It's not a world first. It's an industry standard in tact.
        
       | greekanalyst wrote:
       | That's super cool.
       | 
       | India has enormous potential and it is amazing to witness the
       | rise of its tech scene.
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | I wouldn't jump to praise so quickly. Additive manufacturing
         | (aka 3D printing) is standard in the industry and the time is
         | dependent on the size (and to some extent the mass) of the
         | engine.
         | 
         | They then further claim you don't need to do any post-
         | manufacturing qualifications, which is absolute nonsense. So
         | it's either misreporting or it's an indication of Indian
         | incompetence/lying.
        
           | ab8 wrote:
           | I wonder where Indian incompetence/lying falls on the Elon
           | scale.
        
       | alephnerd wrote:
       | > feature eight engines in total and able to carry a 300-kilogram
       | payload to an altitude of around 700 km. The launch vehicle used
       | in May's test was only 6 meters tall
       | 
       | Significant military implications as well [0].
       | 
       | There is a significant spy-sat race going on in the region right
       | now [1] with China, India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, US, Japan, South
       | Korea, North Korea, Russia, Iran, Israel, etc all investing in
       | capabilities in the region.
       | 
       | Also has an impact in enhancing India's Ballistic Missile
       | strategy used to combat a two-front war [2], because Missiles are
       | to Indian military strategy what Drones are for Chinese military
       | strategy.
       | 
       | Also highlights how the India-US relationship is built by the
       | Indian-American diaspora. The VC who funded Angikul is Anand
       | Rajaraman - the Stanford professor who started "Big Data" with
       | Ullman, was one of the earliest investors in Facebook, and lead
       | Amazon Marketplace after getting acquired by Amazon early in it's
       | history (Marketplace was originally an Indian e-commerce startup
       | called Junglee).
       | 
       | As India gets richer, and America's immigration system gets more
       | and more rickety, a reverse brain and capital drain has started
       | to form, much like with Chinese Americans in the late 2000s.
       | 
       | [0] - https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/agnikul-showcased-
       | more-...
       | 
       | [1] - https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Defense/China-and-India-
       | lea...
       | 
       | [2] - https://www.usiofindia.org/publication-journal/Evolution-
       | of-...
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | > America's immigration system gets more and more rickety
         | 
         | It's completely insane that we allow mass migration of people
         | with no money and no skills and make it incredibly difficult
         | for the most valuable immigrants to get in.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > It's completely insane
           | 
           | It makes perfect sense when you understand the principal-
           | agent problem and the current political landscape.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%E2%80%93agent_proble.
           | ..
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | If the policy was the opposite you could also argue that.
             | Its basically a fundamental problem of government, whatever
             | the outcome.
             | 
             | You have to be way more specific when you want to actually
             | be insightful about the topic.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > we allow mass migration of people with no money and no
           | skills
           | 
           | You don't? There's no visa for that category.
        
             | teitoklien wrote:
             | you do, if you have sanctuary cities and entire states
             | openly claiming they will not arrest people who break
             | immigration law, it reduces the ability of USA to actually
             | pass policies to take in more skilled immigrants who'll be
             | a net benefit to America as a whole.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Like the War On Drugs, the human cost, violence, and
               | intrusiveness of enforcement is worse than the alleged
               | problem. The much-vaunted localism of America lets states
               | and cities decide that it's not a problem for them to
               | allow people to live there, and they don't want to help
               | the big bad Federal government disrupt that.
               | 
               | (it's still no picnic being in that category, unable to
               | register for social security or even take an internal
               | flight)
        
               | teitoklien wrote:
               | World isnt some amazing la la land, I hope people who
               | break laws to immigrate to America, will continue having
               | the same sympathies towards you, when they become
               | majority, and start dominating over you with their
               | culture.
               | 
               | It feels bad to say this, but to build a good well
               | integrated state, integration is key, you cannot
               | integrate people into a society, if you cannot even
               | control the immigration rate. You can't just let people
               | come to your country illegally, setup shop, and then tell
               | everyone 'Cant do anything about it folks'.
               | 
               | The human cost is paid in everything, the cost americans
               | need to worry about, is whether the safety and future
               | prospects of americans is safeguarded, not of people who
               | break laws to illegally immigrate.
               | 
               | It's like having sympathy for a next door neighbour child
               | who is uncared for, and serving him/her food, while
               | you're own child cries and starves to death.
               | 
               | America isnt a country, with limitless resources, and
               | enough food,housing,healthcare to feed everybody, stop
               | treating it like it.
               | 
               | Also, I'm not sure the people who arrive here illegally
               | are as ready to integrate with America's culture, as some
               | americans are ready to integrate with illegal migrants.
               | 
               | I understand life is cruel, and maybe america should even
               | do good things for it, but not at the cost of watching
               | americans starve to death, veterans getting overdosed on
               | the streets wishing after years of suffering to just die
               | and be at peace, and watching them not being able to help
               | them, because our resources are too stretched, Charity
               | starts at home. Even the people who migrate illegally
               | here, they'll help their own first, before even sparing
               | one thought towards you.
               | 
               | One needs to be realistic about certain things, it's
               | perfectly doable to protect your own borders, Singapore
               | does it against Malaysia, India does it against Pakistan
               | and Bangladesh (big borders), China does it against
               | neighbouring countries, most Asian countries can protect
               | their own borders.
               | 
               | Why can't america?
        
               | troyvit wrote:
               | > I hope people who break laws to immigrate to America,
               | will continue having the same sympathies towards you,
               | when they become majority, and start dominating over you
               | with their culture.
               | 
               | I don't know how many folks around me broke the law to
               | immigrate to America, but whether or not they broke the
               | law to come here they faced a lot of racism, classism,
               | and suspicion. I've been in the same area for about 20
               | years, and if I'm not a minority in my neighborhood it's
               | close. It's the immigrants who are kind to me, help me
               | keep my house secure, and trade goods and services with
               | me. They even help me practice my awful Spanish with
               | them. So in my case, yeah it's working out.
               | 
               | > America isnt a country, with limitless resources, and
               | enough food,housing,healthcare to feed everybody, stop
               | treating it like it.
               | 
               | America doesn't have limitless resources, but with 5% of
               | the world's population it uses 25% of the world's
               | resources [1]. To anybody's eyes that's going to look
               | limitless.
               | 
               | I think simple laws of diffusion say that people are
               | going to go where the resources are available. Whether
               | it's politically tenable doesn't matter, this is human
               | nature since we started walking.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.re-sources.org/2020/05/online-lesson-
               | material-wo...
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | If you don't mind sharing, i'm curious to know where you
               | live. I live in North central Oak Cliff which is a large,
               | predominantly hispanic, area consisting of multiple
               | neighborhood just SSW of downtown Dallas. In my
               | neighborhood there's a local Mercado that i can walk to
               | for small things, i speak enough Spanish to manage but
               | I'm eyed with suspicion from when i go in to when i
               | leave. My wife is a HS teacher with about 25% of her
               | students being undocumented. They use a bus service in
               | Oak Cliff to freely move back and forth to Mexico, i'm
               | not sure how that works but that's what they use.
               | 
               | My son's middle school is a DISD public magnet in a
               | wealthy area called Preston Hollow. The middle school is
               | probably 85-90% hispanic and despite my kids being 1/2
               | Mexican they have faced enough racism and abuse that my
               | wife and I have had multiple meetings with the
               | administration to address it. African American kids face
               | it even worse. One other anecdote, when my kids were in
               | elementary some of their calsses were taught in Spanish
               | because my kids and one other were the only ones who
               | spoke English. The teachers, who barely spoke English
               | themselves, got in trouble for that. Ironically, if you
               | want true diversity in Dallas schools you have to pay/be
               | admitted to the elite private schools.
               | 
               | All this to say, in my experience, neighborhoods
               | consisting of mostly undocumented immigrants and cities
               | welcoming of undocumented immigrants aren't that great...
               | unless you're an undocumented immigrant.
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | If 20 of the kids spoke Spanish and 2 of the kids spoke
               | English, doesn't it make sense to teach the course in
               | Spanish? Why would the teachers get in trouble?
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | For now at least half of the US is pretending there
               | aren't 40-50 million illegal immigrants in the US, even
               | though the country is overflowing with undocumented
               | persons and it has become an enormous problem. Every mid-
               | size town and above has a lot of illegal immigrants
               | today, whereas 20 years ago there were few. So if you
               | start switching public school systems over to Spanish
               | because entire schools are now filled with illegal
               | immigrants, or children of illegal immigrants, it's going
               | to get a lot of unwanted attention. Plus it reveals that
               | the US is fracturing rapidly. Whereas English is
               | drastically more valuable than Spanish economically, the
               | US is developing a large population base that does not
               | speak English and it's quite bad for the country's
               | cohesion and economic outcomes.
               | 
               | I'm seeing this firsthand. Where I live in a mid-size
               | university town, 20-30 years ago there was practically
               | zero illegal immigration, undocumented persons. It was
               | fairly unheard of. Now there are a vast number of
               | Spanish-only speaking illegal immigrants. My apartment
               | complex in the span of a few years has become 3/4 illegal
               | immigrants that only speak Spanish, almost entirely young
               | adult males. They harrass anyone that isn't Hispanic and
               | have tried to push all other tenants out of the complex.
               | The police are called frequently for violence issues, and
               | being uneducated young adult males they drink heavily and
               | trash the place constantly.
               | 
               | It can't be fixed either. If you just remove the gigantic
               | base of illegal immigrants GDP will plunge by at least
               | 10%. Nobody will do that. There is no path forward other
               | than chaos. No serious immigration reform will get passed
               | near-term.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Of course when the federal government decided to let
               | millions of them in and the local government in Texas
               | decided that it was a problem for them and decided to
               | enforce it themselves, all those people who are so much
               | in favor of local control when it comes to "sanctuary
               | cities" suddenly lost their shit.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | They are allowed in without visas
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Not having a visa is the opposite of "allowed".
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | No. Being kicked out is the opposite of allowed.
        
           | sn41 wrote:
           | It's quite understandable, imho. Immigration is being allowed
           | precisely for cheap labor, especially when citizens are not
           | prepared to go through the extra hardship - for example, I
           | remember reading that the fatalities when the bridge fell in
           | Baltimore around 1 am, were all immigrants, all on duty at
           | that hour.
           | 
           | For specialized labor, there is always a question of possible
           | espionage and back-channel tech transfer. This is not so much
           | perhaps for India as opposed to other technological rivals,
           | but it may be one of the considerations in the immigration
           | policy being counterintuitive.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | > fatalities when the bridge fell in Baltimore
             | 
             | As an example of how strict immigration policy is, the crew
             | were made to stay on the boat throughout, including while
             | parts of the bridge were blown up.
        
               | axus wrote:
               | I'd inferred that it was the company keeping them there,
               | after hearing stories like this:
               | 
               | https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-
               | monday-ed...
               | 
               | This article goes into the actual reasons, the visas only
               | came into play during the second month:
               | 
               | https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/18/us/baltimore-bridge-dali-
               | ship...
               | 
               | Basically the company would get in trouble if the crew
               | left, and they are too cheap to hire replacements, so
               | they threaten them.
        
               | qp11 wrote:
               | pfft people who want to find a way around what anyone
               | "allows" will do so. To desperate people rules dont
               | matter.
               | 
               | There are more than 50 countries right now standing with
               | begging bowls outside the IMF cause their economies have
               | no hope of growing without help. As long as that list has
               | no hope of shrinking, people who live there and recognize
               | that reality, are going to find ways to get out by hook
               | or crook.
               | 
               | Immigration is a symptom of growing global inequality.
               | Without inequality reducing no rules or walls are going
               | to stop the incoming waves.
        
           | nathan_compton wrote:
           | I wouldn't defend america's immigration system (in my opinion
           | the world should be borderless and you should be able to vote
           | in any location where you can demonstrate that you've
           | performed work for a wage or something like that), but if
           | anyone should be allowed to seek labor by moving freely, it
           | is the unskilled, who are already tremendously disadvantaged
           | by globalization. Skilled labor is unlikely to be
           | tremendously impoverished by being unable to move to the
           | absolute optimal location.
           | 
           | In other words, one could say its insane that we draw
           | imaginary lines on paper and then confine human beings to
           | those lines based on the accident of their birth location.
        
             | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
             | Those lines are not imaginary per se. It means that the
             | people living within those imaginary lines have come
             | together with similar ideals and unity, arrived by many
             | years of co-operation, to bestow certain rights and
             | privileges to their fellow neighbors. Those rights were
             | paid in blood, sweat and tears.
             | 
             | The reason people organized as tribes matters. Its part of
             | our very nature. And those tribes also respected imaginary
             | lines. Even animals respect some imaginary lines.
             | Eventually, some may be accepted in the tribe. But no one
             | would just walk in to the tribe. Its not how nature works.
        
               | nathan_compton wrote:
               | Hardly. The lines are basically drawn by aristocrats of
               | one kind or another and the rest of us have to deal with
               | it. They are expressions of _power_ and very little else,
               | and mostly not the power of the people. The rights paid
               | for in blood, sweat, and tears, as you say, were wrenched
               | from the hands of the kinds of people who draw borders
               | and consist entirely of statements that are borderless
               | assertions of the value of _human beings_ , not
               | _citizens_. You may be right that there is some kind of
               | fundamental tribal mentality in human beings, but that
               | doesn 't mean that enshrining that reality in law or even
               | nurturing it is morally right. The idea that borders
               | benefit the common person better than, for example, a
               | system which genuinely respected the dignity and right of
               | human beings regardless of their geographical
               | coincidences, is bullshit.
        
           | hindsightbias wrote:
           | valuable immigrants are going to take my jerb and not flip my
           | hamburger, pick the crops or mow my lawn.
        
         | nordsieck wrote:
         | > Also has an impact in enhancing India's Ballistic Missile
         | strategy used to combat a two-front war [2], because Missiles
         | are to Indian military strategy what Drones are for Chinese
         | military strategy.
         | 
         | Almost no one uses liquid fueled Ballistic Missiles any more (I
         | think China is the only one) because they are so operationally
         | terrible.
         | 
         | The eventual rocket sounds like it's a hair larger than
         | RocketLab's Electron. Which is struggling to reach
         | profitability after being in its segment for 7-8 years mostly
         | without peer competition. Largely thanks to SpaceX's
         | transporter (and now bandwagon) missions sucking most of the
         | volume out of the market.
         | 
         | Making a working rocket is undoubtedly an amazing
         | accomplishment. But at the same time, I really wish that
         | companies stopped making small-lift rockets. There's just no
         | way for them to work financially.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | > Almost no one uses liquid fueled Ballistic Missiles any
           | more (I think China is the only one) because they are so
           | operationally terrible.
           | 
           | India does as well as China.
           | 
           | But they are cheap! Very cheap. Read the 3rd article I linked
           | - it's the actual Indian government strategy around BMD.
        
             | nordsieck wrote:
             | > India does as well as China.
             | 
             | > But they are cheap! Very cheap. Read the 3rd article I
             | linked - it's the actual Indian government strategy around
             | BMD.
             | 
             | The only place that liquid rockets are specifically
             | mentioned:
             | 
             | > Scientists are also working towards making interceptors
             | used in both layers operate on solid fuels. This is because
             | chemicals in the liquid fuels corrode the fuel storage
             | tanks easily. Therefore, most of the missiles are not kept
             | in a 'ready-to-fire' mode. Also, it takes a minimum of
             | three to four hours to fill the liquid fuel in the
             | missile,9 a hardly acceptable scenario wherein precious
             | time will be lost in case of an emergency.
             | 
             | It seems pretty clear that:
             | 
             | 1. This particular rocket has no military application
             | because the rockets that India uses use hypergolic
             | propellant (presumably UDMH and NTO), while the planned
             | rocket uses LOx and RP1, which are cryogenic propellants
             | (well, at least the LOx is).
             | 
             | 2. India is pretty clearly trying to move away from liquid
             | fueled rockets because, as I said in my previous comment,
             | the operational aspects are really terrible.
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | > But at the same time, I really wish that companies stopped
           | making small-lift rockets. There's just no way for them to
           | work financially.
           | 
           | Making a small launch vehicle is seen as necessary to attract
           | the level of funding needed for a medium or heavy lift launch
           | vehicle
        
             | nordsieck wrote:
             | > Making a small launch vehicle is seen as necessary to
             | attract the level of funding needed for a medium or heavy
             | lift launch vehicle
             | 
             | I get that.
             | 
             | But it seems like every VC on the planet had the same idea
             | at the same exact time because there's like 50+ small lift
             | rockets in various stages of development. And approximately
             | 0% of them have a shot at profitability.
             | 
             | I have real doubts that any of them that aren't backed by a
             | nation-state will be able to fund raise and survive long
             | enough to build a medium lift rocket on the back of their
             | experience.
        
       | pm90 wrote:
       | This is amazing. Strap several of those engines with a control
       | system of some sort and you can basically launch a wide variety
       | of payloads.
        
         | philipwhiuk wrote:
         | > control system of some sort
         | 
         | Control of multiple engines is non-trivial. You get fun stuff
         | like plume interactions between the engines.
        
       | Etheryte wrote:
       | > The machine also automatically outputs a report that details
       | any deviations during printing, removing the need for
       | postfabrication qualification.
       | 
       | Anyone who's previously worked with 3D printing knows that this
       | simply does not pass any kind of a sniff test. Both preventing
       | and detecting internal defects is one of the, if not the hardest
       | problem in 3D printing. There are many large companies trying to
       | find ways to reliably solve just this problem alone. Saying that
       | this method doesn't require any checks after production is simply
       | false.
        
         | guax wrote:
         | Titan submersible sound detection system vibes.
        
           | nathan_compton wrote:
           | Exactly what I thought.
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | I'm not sure how many people know about their 'sound
           | detection system'.
           | 
           | Carbon fiber is a fickle beast and is prone to such failures
           | so that alone worried me, but it was incredible for me to
           | learn that they expected some sort of early warning from
           | cracking.
        
             | ladams wrote:
             | Do you have a link? Google just gives results about the US
             | Navy detection of the implosion...
        
               | azornathogron wrote:
               | https://www.businessinsider.com/oceangate-2020-boasted-
               | incre...
        
               | lucianbr wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LcGrLnzYuU
               | 
               | As I remember he talks about the sound detection thing.
        
               | NortySpock wrote:
               | https://www.wired.com/story/titan-submersible-disaster-
               | insid...
               | 
               | Recent one-year-lookback story by Wired.
        
             | raverbashing wrote:
             | Well there were probably some early warning signs
             | 
             | The problem is that warning sign comes at around 10ms or
             | less before the actual disaster
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | If it would be a Tesla, just enough time for the auto-
               | pilot to disengage and claim it was the fault of the
               | user.
        
               | ETH_start wrote:
               | Tesla autopilot is not supposed to be unmonitored, so any
               | accidents under its control are entirely the fault of the
               | driver. If a driver disengaged 0.1s before impact, they
               | were derelict in their driving.
        
               | abduhl wrote:
               | OSHA has a nice pamphlet regarding hazard identification
               | and hazard controls. The least effective method of
               | protecting workers is to put the risk on the worker to
               | protect themselves. Your view has a similar vibe to "well
               | they weren't wearing their hard hat and so it's their
               | fault," a view that has been rejected across the board
               | for safety in favor of the view that even letting the
               | situation get to that point is a failure.
               | 
               | https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/Hierarchy_of_Con
               | tro...
        
               | ETH_start wrote:
               | Driver control IS making the driver responsible, by
               | definition. Tesla is legally required to put the driver
               | in control.
               | 
               | This is a driver assist program. There is no way such a
               | program, that is subordinate to the driver and depends on
               | the driver being in control, can protect the driver from
               | not doing their part, and driving.
        
               | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
               | Shame about the "Full Self Driving" branding
               | 
               | They can put whatever disclaimers in the manual but their
               | branding is giving a different message. It's a message
               | Tesla wants the customer to hear: "sit back and relax,
               | the car drives for you."
               | 
               | The branding does not communicate that the driver needs
               | to be just as aware and engaged as they would be if they
               | were driving on their own, and be ready to take control
               | of the vehicle at any moment.
               | 
               | Compare this to GM's "Super Cruise" branding. The message
               | I get from that is "cruise control, but better." Cruise
               | control is a long established feature, drivers have
               | plenty of experience with it, and they know that it is
               | definitely not going to drive the car itself. They know
               | they're still going to have to pay attention because the
               | car is going to do _some_ of the driving tasks but not
               | _all_ of them. The car is making no implicit or explicit
               | claim that it will drive for you.
               | 
               | "Full Self Driving" and related features like "Summon"
               | make implicit claims in how they're named and presented.
               | The driver absolutely has responsibility but Tesla is
               | trying to play both sides of the coin with their branding
               | vs their actual liability.
        
               | abduhl wrote:
               | First, Tesla is not legally required to put the driver in
               | control - they are free to indemnify the driver
               | completely and shoulder all of the liability themselves.
               | 
               | Second, who do you think was ultimately the one at fault
               | for the excessive radiation doses caused by the Therac-25
               | machines: the machine technician operating the machine or
               | the machine manufacturer? If it isn't the technician then
               | I don't understand your argument because you can just
               | find/replace every instance of driver in your post with
               | technician.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therac-25
        
               | gridspy wrote:
               | Therac-25 is more like a stuck accelerator pedal. The
               | operator did not command the machine to deliver too much
               | radiation, that happened outside their control.
        
               | abduhl wrote:
               | And you think that a driver commands their Tesla to run
               | into an object when they enable autopilot or FSD?
        
               | gridspy wrote:
               | One is a failure to act as an agent - to control the car
               | and make decisions. Another is a failure to even be a
               | reliable tool - to do what the operator commands. Very
               | different.
               | 
               | Creating Agents is a lot harder.
        
               | lowkeyoptimist wrote:
               | If a driver is using any driver assistance feature they
               | need to be paying attention all the time. Not only is it
               | stated in all vehicle manuals, it is the intelligent way
               | to use the features given that automated driving is still
               | far from perfect.
               | 
               | Your analogy makes no sense given that the risk is always
               | on the driver whether there are driver assistance
               | features or not.
        
               | gridspy wrote:
               | Unfortunately it is very difficult to remain vigilant
               | when the automated system seems to be doing a great job.
               | Eventually you will become distracted.
               | 
               | Even in accident cases, remember that the Teslas involved
               | are not new - they have had dozens or hundreds of
               | successful drives before the accident.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | This is true, but it also falsifies Tesla's naming,
               | promotion, abd advertising of the capability as "Full
               | Self-Driving".
               | 
               | ("Self-Driving" alone could be reasonable in certain
               | contexts, but insisting on "Full Self-Driving" is a flat-
               | out lie in plain language. Saying " Alan is fully capable
               | of driving the car." means that he requires zero
               | monitoring and/or intervention; same for the "Fully..."
               | phrase.)
        
               | ETH_start wrote:
               | What the name implies if interpreted without any context
               | pales in comparison to the repeated and explicit
               | instructions and warnings given to the driver that
               | clarify that the driver should always be in control.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | Yup.
               | 
               | It's "we'll take the profits from selling it as something
               | that it is not.".
               | 
               | While simultaneously they take every step to ensure that
               | when things go wrong when it inevitably turns out to NOT
               | be what they claimed, the entire burden and
               | responsibility is not on them, but on you.
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | You don't just get a pass, especially not when you
               | actively are promoting it as soon(tm) being able to drive
               | you without any input whatsoever. Robotaxis and the like
               | have been promised for years now, it's not like Tesla
               | isn't actively claiming the technology is basically
               | around the corner.
               | 
               | In short, saying it's "Full Self Driving (Supervised)" is
               | not really enough.
        
               | shepherdjerred wrote:
               | You're completely right, but unfortunately people place
               | too much trust in it.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | It reminds me of the data entry days. You can have
               | someone type a million table rows into a form and catch
               | all typos but if you give the same person the same data
               | and the same time without having them type it they find
               | non of them.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | Is there data, that indicates Tesla did this, or
               | something like this?
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Kind of? Autopilot has a habit of disengaging right
               | before crashes [1]; which may not be a bad thing, your
               | seat belt also has a habit of not being adjustable in a
               | crash (dunno if an ICE engine will turn off).
               | 
               | Mix that with Elon had a habit of commenting on crashes
               | [2] to keep good marketing about FSD. And like who cares
               | if it was "Auto lane control" vs "Autopilot" that let
               | somebody drive the car from the passenger seat but Elon
               | made sure to let everybody know "Autopilot" wasn't
               | engaged.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.motortrend.com/news/nhtsa-tesla-
               | autopilot-invest...
               | 
               | [2]: https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/elon-musk-says-
               | autopilo...
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Your second link makes it clear that no version of self-
               | driving was on anywhere near that particular crash, so
               | that does not support the above comment at all.
               | 
               | If the only true part is that the system disengages at
               | some point, then "kind of" is much too generous for that
               | kind of rumor-mongering.
               | 
               | But if I ever see some real proof I'll spread it far and
               | wide.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | I don't know how many 'test to failure' tests would have
               | been required before I would have any confidence in the
               | models but probably so many tests that the titanium
               | alternative would have been far cheaper.
               | 
               | The other problem is that it cracks all the time and they
               | get louder as they get deeper, so it's not just if it
               | cracks it is if it cracks enough or more than expected.
               | Which straw will break the camels back. It is just such
               | an insanely awful metric.
               | 
               | On the hypothetical assumption that I had some faith in
               | the models at what point will I have the life or death
               | fight over whether or not that last loud crack was
               | statistically significant.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | There were plenty of early warning signs. In a previous
               | dive back in 2019 they had professional submersible
               | designer Karl Stanley on board, who later wrote an email
               | to OceanGate about the worrying cracking sounds he heard.
               | 
               | > "What we heard, in my opinion ... sounded like a
               | flaw/defect in one area being acted on by the tremendous
               | pressures and being crushed/damaged," Stanley wrote in
               | the email, a copy of which has been obtained by CNN.
               | 
               | > "From the intensity of the sounds, the fact that they
               | never totally stopped at depth, and the fact that there
               | were sounds at about 300 feet that indicated a relaxing
               | of stored energy /would indicate that there is an area of
               | the hull that is breaking down/ getting spongy,"
               | 
               | It's more impressive that the sub continued to work while
               | giving warning signs for 4 years.
               | 
               | https://abc7.com/titan-submersible-2023-incident-titanic-
               | oce...
        
               | sjm-lbm wrote:
               | They seem to have totally recreated the hull using a
               | different manufacturing method in late 2020/early 2021:
               | https://www.wired.com/story/titan-submersible-disaster-
               | insid...
               | 
               | They seem to have run fewer tests on the new hull,
               | though. From the outside, it looks like one of the
               | lessons they learned from earlier tests was that tests
               | can create bad news, so if you're optimizing for the best
               | reports back to investors you should stop running tests.
        
         | numbsafari wrote:
         | If they're not doing post fabrication validation, then the
         | passengers are...
        
           | drlemonpepper wrote:
           | what's wrong with testing in prod? /s
        
             | numbsafari wrote:
             | Nothing. Always Be Testing.
             | 
             | But _only_ testing in prod is bad.
        
           | surfingdino wrote:
           | ... test dummies.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | If any system could measure its own signal to noise accurately,
         | it wouldn't have any noise in the first place.
        
           | sobellian wrote:
           | This is a "truthy" statement that sounds right but is, in
           | fact, false. Radio systems have an easily measurable SNR, but
           | the noise cannot be eliminated.
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | You can measure is from outside the system itself if you
             | know the original signal. Of course its possible to measure
             | the noise externally if you know what was transmitted.
        
               | sobellian wrote:
               | AFAIK this is incorrect. There exist modulation schemes
               | where the received signal power is evident. For Wifi the
               | signal is usually > 10-100x the noise floor and it is
               | modulated with phase-shift keying. So there is no
               | technical problem with seeing a noise floor, then
               | receiving a much larger signal with constant envelope and
               | calculating an SNR.
               | 
               | ETA: Just to sharpen the point, this is clearest when
               | considering digital noise and error correction. It is
               | easier for error correction codes to indicate a corrupted
               | message than it is to provide the correct message.
        
         | xxs wrote:
         | You may go further and say the rocket would be built on a
         | proper rocky foundation.
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | I too am doubtful. The market is littered with failed 3d
         | printed products, all failed because the designers know nothing
         | about real-life product design or because their deigns are too
         | brittle or melt too easily in heat.
        
         | metal_am wrote:
         | It might sound a little wild, but a huge amount of research has
         | been put into getting metal AM parts to be "born qualified."
         | L-PBF is getting to be a fairly mature technology.
        
         | NortySpock wrote:
         | To steelman the argument, maybe they meant "the monitoring
         | system is good enough at catching defects that if none are
         | reported, the engine will probably pass an all-up hotfire test
         | of the engine".
         | 
         | Of course you could do a water or air-pressure leak test on the
         | plumbing pretty easily, and you would likely do that on the
         | first 30 engines...
         | 
         | But if you have confidence in your build process, maybe the
         | juice isn't worth the squeeze on (say) a direct contact
         | ultrasound void check on every square millimeter of the part.
         | 
         | It's all about "how expensive is it to run the test" vs "what
         | is the likelihood the test catches an issue" vs "what's the
         | cost of failing while everyone is watching?"
         | 
         | Same reason SpaceX went from dry-dress-rehersals to wet-dress-
         | rehearsals to separate-static-fire-before-launch to hold-down-
         | for-three-seconds-before-launch... The hold-down -before-launch
         | is an integration test that covers everything the previous
         | tests do, so eventually you can start removing redundant tests.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | >> maybe the juice isn't worth the squeeze
           | 
           | In rockets/aerospace, where the failure of any one of a
           | thousand different parts means instant disintegration, checks
           | are always worth the squeeze. Everyone talks about building
           | rockets on the cheap and accepting a slightly-higher failure
           | rate, but in reality that doesn't work. Even a tiny increase
           | in component fault rates translates to total mission failure
           | once multiplied across thousands of vital parts. The answer
           | isn't to not check but to find ways to more efficiently and
           | more thoroughly check each part. This is only more true if
           | one considers reusable rockets where components will be
           | expected to participate in multiple launches.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | > In rockets/aerospace, where the failure of any one of a
             | thousand different parts means instant disintegration
             | 
             | To make matters worse the failure modes don't only affect
             | the launch vehicle itself. A failure of a rocket likely
             | means a total loss of the payload. It also runs the risk of
             | damage/loss of the launch pad, support structures, and
             | hapless down range victims.
             | 
             | Rockets contain a significant amount of stored chemical
             | energy, enough to get the payload mass into a stable orbit
             | of the Earth. If you release all of that energy at once as
             | an explosion it will cause a significant amount of damage.
             | Rockets aren't something to goof around with and make
             | assumptions about safety.
        
             | throwitaway222 wrote:
             | Well, if you build it robust enough, you can test less. Not
             | saying testing is worthless, but sometimes a one-piece that
             | used to be 45 pieces held together by rivets is just, much
             | much more resilient.
        
               | chfalck wrote:
               | It's a bit of chicken and egg to know if you built it
               | robust enough without meticulous testing of your
               | robustness
        
             | jes5199 wrote:
             | this might be 20th-century thinking. if you can build
             | enough copies of a rocket cheap enough, maybe
             | disintegrating a bunch of them isn't a showstopper
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Who pays when the payload disintegrates?
        
               | nordsieck wrote:
               | > if you can build enough copies of a rocket cheap
               | enough, maybe disintegrating a bunch of them isn't a
               | showstopper
               | 
               | The problem with that idea is that you won't be legally
               | allowed to launch again until you root cause and fix the
               | failure, which can take months (or years if you're Blue
               | Origin). Also, your insurance rates tend to go up a lot
               | when your rockets blow up regularly, which tends to push
               | customers away.
               | 
               | In practice it doesn't work.
               | 
               | Notes: Astra said they were going to pursue this
               | strategy. It was not well received by potential customers
               | and they basically had to walk it back.
        
               | schmidtleonard wrote:
               | Doesn't work? It seems to be working great for the
               | industry leader.
        
               | nordsieck wrote:
               | > Doesn't work? It seems to be working great for the
               | industry leader.
               | 
               | What are you talking about? SpaceX's Falcon 9 is arguably
               | _the most reliable_ rocket ever made. They 've launched
               | hundreds of times in a row without failure.
               | 
               | If your point is that they're blowing up Starship
               | prototypes, well... they're in the middle of a
               | development program and they're not flying customer
               | payloads.
        
               | locococo wrote:
               | from the rocket perspective, sure, but not so much from
               | the perspective of your cargo.
               | 
               | In many cases the cargo is more precious than the rocket
               | so you need reliable rockets.
        
               | ruined wrote:
               | this works for munitions, but not for payloads that
               | anyone cares about.
        
               | switchbak wrote:
               | Not sure exploding rockets on their launch platform is
               | such a good thing when they're carrying a bunch of highly
               | explosive / fragmentary warheads (in addition to the
               | rocket itself, which is plenty dangerous).
               | 
               | Unless this was something like a cruise missile dropped
               | at altitude where a failure isn't a big deal.
        
               | gridspy wrote:
               | I'm sure even in this case, risking the air-frame of the
               | bomber or friendlies on the ground below is not ideal.
               | Bear in mind cruise missiles are usually launched from
               | friendly territory.
               | 
               | Also, failures might reduce the accuracy of the missile,
               | leading to potential civilian causalities.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> cruise missile dropped at altitude where a failure
               | isn't a big deal.
               | 
               | If failure isn't a big deal, then the weapon should no
               | have been used. An ALCM costs millions. The destruction
               | it causes is part of a larger battle plan. Should it not
               | work properly then friendly forces may die. Should it
               | work properly then enemy forces may die. The
               | effectiveness of such a weapon is never not a big deal.
        
               | fullspectrumdev wrote:
               | The issue isn't the rocket: it's what you have affixed to
               | it (the payload).
               | 
               | The rocket itself is purely a delivery system for a
               | payload after all.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> maybe disintegrating a bunch of them isn't a
               | showstopper
               | 
               | But it isn't about destroying a bunch of them. Cut
               | corners on checks and you very quickly blow up all of
               | them. Any slight increase in the failure rate of
               | individual parts, saving a few pennies, multiplies
               | exponentially across the entire rocket into total system
               | failure. So the money-saving approach is actually to test
               | test and retest, to cram down the failure rates so low
               | that the cumulative rate become acceptable (about 1%).
        
               | risenshinetech wrote:
               | Right, because as one of your rocket customers, I'm
               | totally fine with you disintegrating my one-of-a-kind
               | payload
        
             | timerol wrote:
             | > checks are always worth the squeeze
             | 
             | This is simply inaccurate. You can spend months and
             | hundreds of millions of dollars running scanning electron
             | microscopes over all of your parts - no one does this,
             | because it's not "worth the squeeze". The question is where
             | to draw the line, and I have no idea what your opinion is
             | there.
        
             | treflop wrote:
             | My dad works in aerospace. In no field or world does anyone
             | actually check every little part.
             | 
             | You create a process, you test that process so that you
             | understand its limits, and then you make sure to follow
             | that process.
             | 
             | Now I don't know if 3D printing rocket parts actually works
             | and I have my doubts but this startup is currently testing
             | the process and they will figure out its limits. That's the
             | whole point of R&D.
        
               | Etheryte wrote:
               | For context, 3D printing rocket parts is incredibly
               | common, even student teams often use printed nozzles and
               | such. The linked article is about printing a whole engine
               | as a single piece, which is a different beast.
        
         | la64710 wrote:
         | Yes and innovation curve tends to go down in large companies
         | because of barriers which a startup is not bounded by. This is
         | how future big companies are created.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | I'm curious about why that is. Naively, it seems like printing
         | layer by layer would allow for a lot of inspection. Maybe even
         | photograph each layer as you go?
         | 
         | And then test and go back to see what kinds of defects were
         | apparent in the photos.
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | It's just that it's very easy for deviations from what the
           | sensors see to occur. In traditional 3d printing, this can be
           | stuff like a sensor switch wearing out, maybe physically
           | moving slightly, being temperature sensitive, maybe the frame
           | has changed shape slightly due to heat, moving the sensor a
           | little, maybe something in the microcontroller happened to
           | cause a slight delay in reading the sensor, or looseness
           | developing in the motion system, or something being slightly
           | out of alignment, or some component in the extrusion system
           | experiencing momentarily higher friction and so on.
           | 
           | The layers are really thin, so manually inspecting them would
           | slow down the printing process drastically. Then, ultimately,
           | what even can you do if there's a defect? The layer has been
           | laid already. If material is missing somewhere, you could
           | have the machine go back and add it, but if there's excess
           | material somewhere, or it's in a form that the machine can't
           | fix, there's not a lot to be done, particularly in
           | applications like rocketry, where your structural strength
           | tolerance are very tight.
        
             | metal_am wrote:
             | I know for certain that defects in the powder layer can be
             | fixed in binder jet by redoing the recoater. There has been
             | talk in the research world about being able to fix errors
             | in L-PBF but I'm not sure they've gone past the research
             | stage. The big point is that you can know a part might be
             | out of whatever your acceptance criteria might be.
        
             | serf wrote:
             | >It's just that it's very easy for deviations from what the
             | sensors see to occur.
             | 
             | right, but this is a problem in any modern precision
             | machining, and it has been (mostly) conquered to a degree
             | that we can produce _very_ precise things in an almost
             | entirely automated fashion.
             | 
             | >If material is missing somewhere, you could have the
             | machine go back and add it
             | 
             | laser sintering is easier to audit than a normal fdm style
             | print in a lot of ways if you care to take the time to do
             | it. The process can be paused fairly easy with the right
             | machine and right environment, the product can be weighed
             | mid-process, it can have all sorts of vision and laser
             | metrology done to the product midway through production;
             | whatever -- and the mid print failure rate is
             | astronomically lower than extrusion based methods.
             | 
             | it doesn't seem that unbelievable to me.
        
           | metal_am wrote:
           | Peregrine from Oak Ridge National Lab does exactly this. Lots
           | of other research papers about it too.
        
           | Ruthalas wrote:
           | You are correct, and with the current metal AM techniques
           | (DED, SLM), you can also take thermal imaging of the melt
           | pool throughout. From this you can a pretty accurate picture
           | of the weld quality across the whole volume.
           | 
           | I'm not sure that's sufficient to eschew any other non
           | destructive testing, but it is great information.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | > Maybe even photograph each layer as you go?
           | 
           | Differential cooling is an issue, and is one that isn't
           | apparent until the layers have already been printed.
           | 
           | If their process actually works, whatever they are doing
           | isn't trivial.
        
         | dim13 wrote:
         | Very Indian approach. Print a report, and call it a day. :D
        
         | LargeTomato wrote:
         | They may be skipping small portions of the post-print qual. Or
         | more likely, they're just more confident that the pieces being
         | created are of a certain level of quality. It's a hype-y
         | statement but they're probably trying to highlight that they're
         | doing some sort of software-defined quals.
        
       | eagerpace wrote:
       | This is really neat, but would like to know more about the
       | engine. The image seems to show a very simple design, without
       | turbo pumps that are a mainstay in any other "rocket" engine.
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | It looks like it's electric pump fed, and it doesn't look like
         | those pumps are part of the engine. Is it just a combustion
         | chamber then?
        
       | shrubble wrote:
       | I wish them well, but the rocket went less than 9km to apogee and
       | 8km over the ground. It has to continue improving...
        
         | 1024core wrote:
         | Wright Brothers first airplane flew only 100m or so.
        
           | nvy wrote:
           | The "Wright Brothers" moment for rocketry happened 60 years
           | ago.
        
             | gridspy wrote:
             | The first useful rockets were during the second world war,
             | used for artillery into London. So over 80 years ago.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | Depends what you mean by 'useful'. They were a
               | technological marvel, but an incredibly inefficient way
               | to deliver approx a ton of high explosive. But I guess we
               | should be thankful that Hitler wasted so much of
               | Germany's increasingly scarce resources on 'Wunderwaffe'
               | like rockets. The Allies developed technology that was
               | less showy, but much more useful (computers, cavity
               | magnetron, proximity fuze, atom bomb etc).
        
               | nvy wrote:
               | Yeah I was referring to Sputnik, as the V2 wasn't
               | orbital.
        
       | surfingdino wrote:
       | Nice pre-flight photo of the engine. Could we also have a look at
       | the engine post-flight?
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | Relativity Space are also 3-D printing not just rocket engines,
       | but entire rockets, and have had a successful first flight.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz165f1g8-E
        
         | CarVac wrote:
         | They backed away from printing entire rockets because, well,
         | it's a foolish way to fabricate large tanks.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Thanks - I wasn't aware of that, but it does make sense.
           | 
           | They are sticking with 3-D printing of the engines though,
           | and have been testing their next-gen Aeon R engine.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjKJMcOQYBQ
        
       | anonymousd3vil wrote:
       | Kudo's to the team! This is a great success.
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | I hope they all get to ride on it like true engineers would.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | >Constructing a rocket engine using conventional approaches can
       | take months, followed by extensive qualification testing to
       | ensure it meets the required specifications. Using a metal 3D
       | printer from German company EOS, Agnikul produced its engine in
       | roughly three days. Agnikul printed the engine out of inconel, a
       | high-performance alloy of nickel and chromium that can withstand
       | high temperatures and mechanical loads. The machine also
       | automatically outputs a report that details any deviations during
       | printing, removing the need for postfabrication qualification.
       | 
       | What amateurs are at work here? This plainly is not true and if
       | you believe this can work you can not be trusted to be anywhere
       | near an engineering project.
       | 
       | Besides, the question I have is _why_ 3D printing? There are
       | innumerable ways to manufacture a rocket, why did they choose 3D
       | printing? If it is because they think you don 't need
       | qualification and testing for the produced hardware they should
       | not be allowed to launch anything they make.
        
         | sa1 wrote:
         | What part is not true?
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz165f1g8-E
         | 
         | I'm sure that there are lots of problems with this approach,
         | but it is not as obvious as your comment makes it out to be.
        
           | constantcrying wrote:
           | The part which is not true is: "removing the need for
           | postfabrication qualification"
        
             | sa1 wrote:
             | Makes sense, thank you
        
         | tonyarkles wrote:
         | > Besides, the question I have is why 3D printing?
         | 
         | My understanding is that there's interesting things in the
         | aerospace industry that are very difficult or sometimes
         | impossible to machine from a single part in a conventional
         | subtractive machining process. GE is doing it as well for the
         | LEAP engines: https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/ge-aerospace-
         | to-scale-th...
         | 
         | As an easy example, imagine a single-piece rocket nozzle with
         | internal channels for delivering fuel and oxidizer. Pretty much
         | impossible to machine and not that big of a deal* to do with
         | additive manufacturing.
         | 
         | * Your mileage may vary, talk to your doctor for details. :)
        
         | OutOfHere wrote:
         | "When you don't have any real criticism, just make stuff up!
         | Keep people down at all costs."
         | 
         | P.S. Nick checks out.
        
           | constantcrying wrote:
           | How is gross negligence on QA not a "real criticism"?
        
             | OutOfHere wrote:
             | You hardly enough know anything about the project to make
             | an assumption about the absence of QA. If you were an
             | employee there, and you had specific concerns, that would
             | be worth something. You made it up because you had no real
             | point.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >You hardly enough know anything about the project to
               | make an assumption about the absence of QA.
               | 
               | I take their claims at face value. Either they are for
               | some weird reason lying about not doing QA or they are
               | extremely negligent in their manufacturing. Granted, I
               | can not exclude the first option, but to be honest that
               | might make the company look even worse.
        
               | OutOfHere wrote:
               | They're not shipping people into space with this tech
               | yet. As such, even if QA were missing, which we don't
               | really know much about, the need for QA is way less than
               | you make it out to be. It's not a big deal if a cargo
               | rocket blows up, and so far it hasn't even blown up.
               | Together, this is why your line of comments is
               | unqualified.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | I sincerely hope you are never involved in any aerospace
               | projects.
        
               | OutOfHere wrote:
               | Like I said originally, when you run out of arguments,
               | not that you ever had one really, you resort to forms of
               | attacks that are not substantiated by any logic. You
               | don't know me or what I would do if I were or were not
               | involved in aerospace. Maybe you want to go taunt Elon
               | Musk for how many rockets his company has blown up.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | If you don't understand that rocket hardware needs QA,
               | please stop talking about the subject. It is like a
               | software engineer who believes that software should be
               | shipped without any testing.
               | 
               | >You don't know me or what I would do if I were or were
               | not involved in aerospace
               | 
               | True. I still hope that you are never involved in any
               | aerospace or remotely safety critical project.
        
               | OutOfHere wrote:
               | I hope you are not involved in anything at all, as you
               | look to be a fairly toxic person to be around who will
               | put others down at all costs.
               | 
               | Also, like I said, you have no idea of the emphasis I
               | place on safety when the situation and funding merit it.
        
               | gridspy wrote:
               | > Maybe you want to go taunt Elon Musk for how many
               | rockets his company has blown up.
               | 
               | We know that Elon's SpaceX has many machines inspecting
               | 3D printed (and other) parts, as per the SpaceX factory
               | tours on YouTube.
               | https://youtu.be/xahiWQQKw7Y?si=UGZ1u9xTil5iYoBi&t=71
               | 
               | Also, SpaceX blows up very few (none?) operational
               | rockets. They only tend to blow up in novel ways while
               | testing new technology.
               | 
               | Bear in mind that the SpaceX Raptor is a cutting edge
               | engine - full flow staged combustion is hard.
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | relativity space does this as well, they have youtube videos on
         | what they do
        
           | constantcrying wrote:
           | They don't do qualification of their hardware? Why would you
           | put that on YouTube?
        
             | stainablesteel wrote:
             | i dont know about that part, but they 3d print
             | 
             | i don't honestly believe there's anyone building a rocket
             | like this that isn't concerned about the rockets success
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Why are they saying they don't need QA then?
               | 
               | Sure, you can use whatever appropriate manufacturing
               | processes you want. But none of them can replace QA.
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | > Besides, the question I have is why 3D printing?
         | 
         | Rocket nozzles are heat limited. You could get more trust out
         | of them only if the nozzle would not melt. So you do a lot of
         | tricks to cool it. One of those many tricks is that you
         | circulate your rocket fuel as a coolant in the wall of the
         | nozzle. This requires an intricate web of many tiny pipes which
         | form the wall of the nozzle.
         | 
         | Typically these are constructed by hand by brazing together
         | many many pipes. That takes forever. In contrast additive
         | methods seem to perform well in this application.
         | 
         | This is standard stuff nowadays. Everyone seems to be doing it.
         | I'm not sure what is your objection. If you don't believe me
         | listen to Tony Bruno:
         | https://youtu.be/Bh7Xf3Ox7K8?si=YVDIDq1bvKeCuvY9&t=1509
         | 
         | > This plainly is not true
         | 
         | Which particular part are you objecting to?
        
           | jfyi wrote:
           | My guess is failing to read between the lines and taking
           | marketing too seriously.
           | 
           | "Removing the need for postfabrication qualification" doesn't
           | mean "perfectly detects errors" it means "detects errors
           | within our business specs and we expect it to be profitable
           | within that margin".
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | In a typical rocket the payload is the most expensive
             | thing, followed by the engines, and then the rest of the
             | rocket and the fuel. Shaving costs off the engines is well
             | worth it, but not if it sacrifices reliability.
             | 
             | Maybe they have a model in mind where it works. If you use
             | dozens of engines like SpaceX's Starship you can tolerate
             | more engine issues. Of maybe they want to launch really
             | cheap payloads on inexpensive rockets. But in the
             | parameters of traditional rocket design, QA on your engines
             | is one of the last things you want to save money on.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | 3d printing rocket engines makes a lot of sense. The engines of
         | Rocket Lab's Electron rocket are 3d printed, Aerojet
         | Rocketdyne's AR1 engines have 3d printed fuel injectors,
         | SpaceX's SuperDraco thrusters (the ones in the Dragon 2
         | capsules) are 3d printed. Complex geometries with lots of
         | liquid channels make rocket engines difficult to machine, so
         | overcoming the issues with 3d printing heat-resistant parts is
         | well worth it.
         | 
         | But skipping qualification testing is indeed a weird reason. I
         | doubt you can skip test fires.
        
         | elteto wrote:
         | SpaceX has been printing the Draco and Super Draco engines for
         | the Dragon capsule for many years. It's a proven technology at
         | this point.
         | 
         | With 3D printing you can create geometries that are simply not
         | possible with any other manufacturing processes.
         | 
         | The issue is not 3D printing. The issue is deluding yourself by
         | thinking that somehow 3D printing is magical and you get to
         | skip qual. You don't.
        
         | bagels wrote:
         | Integrating all the plumbing in to the structure is a lot
         | easier to achieve with 3d printing.
        
         | bufferoverflow wrote:
         | At the very least, 3D printing allows nearly full automation
         | without having to create expensive custom production lines.
        
       | AustinDev wrote:
       | Can't wait to 3D Print a bootleg PATRIOT system.
        
         | instagraham wrote:
         | I take it you've seen the DIY 3D printed SAM some random Hong
         | Kong dude made?
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvcDwSmmxWs
        
           | fullspectrumdev wrote:
           | I really would love to have the time and energy to replicate
           | that. That guys work is pretty nuts
        
             | instagraham wrote:
             | based on his other videos, either he's actually a Chinese
             | missile scientist or you can pretty much make an entire
             | rocket fleet in your farm in modern China
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | Patriots use solid fuel. Additionally nothing on a Patriot
         | missile used 3D printing. There is no benefit for 3D printing.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | I hope this doesn't lead to an exponential increase in space
       | debris.
        
         | 1024core wrote:
         | Elon can litter the sky with 100s of cheap satellites... but
         | heaven forbid that an Indian startup build 1 rocket, right?
         | 
         | Oh bigots of HN, you never fail to disappoint me.
        
           | 29athrowaway wrote:
           | If SpaceX could produce a rocket every 72 hours it would be a
           | concern too.
           | 
           | Also, best of luck in your quest of fighting imaginary
           | villians.
           | 
           | By conflating unrelated things and jumping to conclusions
           | such as that you are not acting as a good ambassador for your
           | country.
        
             | nordsieck wrote:
             | > If SpaceX could produce a rocket every 72 hours it would
             | be a concern too.
             | 
             | Just FYI, SpaceX is trying to launch a Falcon 9 about every
             | 48 hours this year.
             | 
             | So far they seem pretty responsible about things, though.
        
           | MobiusHorizons wrote:
           | I don't hear anyone disparaging the ability of Indian
           | companies to build great rockets. ISRO has done some really
           | great work, and deserves lots of credit. But this startup
           | seems to be bragging about making some pretty basic mistakes,
           | like claiming not to need QA without having actually done
           | anything to solve that problem (they didn't build the 3d
           | printer). So they seem to be doing the same kind of non-
           | serious stuff we see from other vc backed startups all over
           | the world which deserves skepticism.
        
           | agent13 wrote:
           | Wow. Talk about getting triggered.
        
             | 1024core wrote:
             | Hang out in HN long enough, and you'll see what I'm talking
             | about.
        
       | nedpat wrote:
       | Test
        
       | panick21_ wrote:
       | 3D printing is the conventional way of designing rocket engines
       | today. Literally every new rocket startup does it a lot. Its more
       | unconventional how much isn't 3D printed on the SpaceX Raptor.
        
       | imtringued wrote:
       | Now do it again, but this time build a fully automated rocket
       | factory on the moon.
        
       | paulsutter wrote:
       | If you take a look at a real rocket engine you will see hundreds
       | of parts that cannot be printed
       | 
       | Raptor 1, 2, and 3:
       | 
       | https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2023/07/spacex-further-improve...
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | For very simple pressure fed engines (which this appears to be)
         | it's actually cheapest to additively manufacture (3D print)
         | engines as you can integrate the cooling channels. On engines
         | like Raptor you have pumps, which notably need to move so while
         | you still use 3D printing (Raptor uses a ton) you can't print
         | it in a single piece.
         | 
         | 3D printing is already an industry standard and nothing this
         | company did with relation to its engine manufacturing is
         | anything special. They also appear to have lied that no post-
         | manufacturing qualification is required.
        
       | Narhem wrote:
       | Not surprised hellers have been doing it for centuries for
       | pennies
        
       | mlindner wrote:
       | This company has been pushing a lot of press about this but it's
       | really not anything special. The industry has been printing
       | engines for many years and the time to print is dependent on the
       | size (and to some extent the mass) of the engine and the speed of
       | the printer. Take this with a grain of salt.
        
       | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
       | It sounds like they're not doing QC/QA, which would be unwise and
       | maybe isn't necessarily true.
       | 
       | While 3D printing allows printing shapes that cannot be forged or
       | cast, testing is always needed as part of the manufacturing
       | process feedback loop. X-ray and dye penetration nondestructive
       | testing check for abnormalities on accessible services, but
       | destructive testing is needed sawing samples into slices to also
       | check them for hidden defects.
        
       | newswasboring wrote:
       | I've seen less skepticism on cryptocoin threads on HN. The
       | absolute racism in this thread is disgusting.
        
       | 93po wrote:
       | i wish there was more than a single photo, and maybe some cross
       | sections or something. didn't see any with a quick google
        
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