[HN Gopher] Diffractive Chocolate
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       Diffractive Chocolate
        
       Author : joebig
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2024-06-12 17:27 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (wp.optics.arizona.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (wp.optics.arizona.edu)
        
       | ctenb wrote:
       | https://archive.is/Lphsl
        
       | jjtheblunt wrote:
       | what the heck are they talking about in the linked article? each
       | color of light travels at a different speed?
       | 
       | > White light can be separated into all seven major colors of the
       | complete spectrum or rainbow by using a diffraction grating. The
       | grating separates light into colors as the light passes through
       | the many fine slits of the grating. Each color travels at a
       | different speed and therefore has a different angle of refraction
       | when it hits the grating.
        
         | AdamH12113 wrote:
         | Yeah, that's a thing. 3Blue1Brown did a video on it a while
         | back:
         | 
         | https://www.3blue1brown.com/lessons/prism
         | 
         | It's part of a larger series that starts here:
         | 
         | https://www.3blue1brown.com/lessons/barber-pole-1
        
         | smegsicle wrote:
         | why did you think it happened?
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | refraction angles are wavelength dependent, i thought...not
           | the fraction of c by wavelength of photon.
           | 
           | from the wikipedia article on dispersive prisms, for example,
           | though i asked above because i remember this from physics at
           | Fermilab in high school.
           | 
           | > The refractive index of many materials (such as glass)
           | varies with the wavelength or color of the light used, a
           | phenomenon known as dispersion. This causes light of
           | different colors to be refracted differently and to leave the
           | prism at different angles
        
             | muti wrote:
             | Frequency is constant, wavelength changes and so does
             | velocity, from wikipedia refractive index
             | 
             | > The refractive index, n, can be seen as the factor by
             | which the speed and the wavelength of the radiation are
             | reduced with respect to their vacuum values: the speed of
             | light in a medium is v = c/n, and similarly the wavelength
             | in that medium is l = l0/n, where l0 is the wavelength of
             | that light in vacuum. This implies that vacuum has a
             | refractive index of 1, and assumes that the frequency (f =
             | v/l) of the wave is not affected by the refractive index.
        
         | jbmchuck wrote:
         | They travel c in vacuo but not through different media.
        
         | webstrand wrote:
         | Yeah, the author absolutely confused this with transmission
         | grating which works by transmission rather than reflection.
        
         | yorwba wrote:
         | With a diffraction grating, all colors travel at the same
         | speed, but some light waves reflected off/transmitted through
         | the grating end up taking a longer path to reach the same point
         | in your eye, and depending on the wavelength, that length
         | difference causes constructive or destructive interference,
         | amplifying some colors and suppressing others.
         | 
         | Colors traveling at different speeds through a medium is the
         | usual explanation for color separation through refraction, but
         | it doesn't really help for understanding diffraction.
        
         | xutopia wrote:
         | It's indeed not correct... but it diffracts so some of the
         | light lands on your eye later because it's angled differently
         | hence the colour change... just guessing. I'm not a physics
         | major.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | Yes; a dispersive prism
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersive_prism) is a simple
         | example of this (both prisms and diffraction gratings are used
         | to break light up into its spectrum). The fundamental physical
         | mechanism is known as "dispersion":
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_(optics)
         | 
         | The backstory of diffraction gratings is part of the ongoing
         | story of precision. The first ones were created shortly after
         | Newton's use of the prism to demonstrate dispersion, and by the
         | late 1800s,
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland was quite
         | good at making high quality gratings that were used in
         | astronomy to figure out some of the most fundamental details.
         | They were highly sought after- effectively he was the only
         | person who could make high quality gratings for a while (and he
         | shared them widely).
         | 
         | If you really want to go down the rabbithole, see
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividing_engine (fans of the
         | screw cutting lathe will appreciate that the same technology is
         | used) and
         | https://www.edmundoptics.jp/ViewDocument/MKS%20Diffraction%2...
         | and http://snl.mit.edu/pub/papers/WP/Nanoruler-White-Paper.pdf
        
         | DavidVoid wrote:
         | > each color of light travels at a different speed?
         | 
         | That is indeed correct when light is not traveling through a
         | vacuum. Refraction occurs because of a change in velocity
         | between mediums, and the refractive index is wavelength-
         | dependant (dispersive) in many mediums.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | thanks all for the pointers: they led me to an explanation from
         | Feynman, which I'd not found before.
         | 
         | https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_31.html
        
       | zifk wrote:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsDnkrDvkBo
       | 
       | Ben from Applied Science has a good video going over the same
       | topic.
        
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       (page generated 2024-06-12 23:00 UTC)