[HN Gopher] Medieval game pieces emerge from the ruins of a Germ...
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       Medieval game pieces emerge from the ruins of a German castle
        
       Author : RobertJaTomsons
       Score  : 132 points
       Date   : 2024-06-11 09:51 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.artnet.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.artnet.com)
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | That 'horse' looks like a bishop to me. The head is far more
       | person-shaped than horse-shaped. And that necklace - surely
       | homage to a surplice or other ecclesiastical garb or jewelry?
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | I am thinking a horse with possibly some sort of head covering
         | / armor with cutouts for the eyes. Thus the triangle shape.
         | 
         | Possibly a horse's mane in the back:
         | 
         | https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/knight-in-chess-springer-ein...
        
         | jcynix wrote:
         | Horses where "decorated" with cloth in medieval times, cf. this
         | image
         | 
         | https://fotos.mediafreedom.at/theater/sonstiges/xl/31-honori...
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | The caparison also served as a light armour, which could
           | deflect or reduce the impact of arrows.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caparison
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | Absolutely a bishop to me too but hey, who knows.
        
           | furyofantares wrote:
           | Historians
        
             | JoeAltmaier wrote:
             | Who are guessing?
        
               | furyofantares wrote:
               | Using evidence rather than just "damn that looks like a
               | bishop to me". There's lots of other old chess sets to
               | compare to, and it sounds like these are from 11th/12th
               | century which would be hundreds of years before bishops
               | are thought to have been added to chess.
        
               | compiler-guy wrote:
               | Well, who you gonna believe?
               | 
               | A. Some random folks on the internet who have looked at a
               | single picture of a chess piece and maybe play
               | themselves, but apparently no other qualifications.
               | 
               | Or:
               | 
               | B. Medieval historians who have years of education and
               | study, deep familiarity with the subject matter and
               | publish books and papers on the subject, as well as
               | consulting with historians of chess, and who have
               | compared it to other well known, well studied chess sets
               | from the era.
               | 
               | I don't think the latter are infallible, but without
               | something pretty compelling from the former (evidence?
               | what's that?), I'm gonna go with the latter.
        
         | pdw wrote:
         | This chess piece likely predates the introduction of the
         | bishop. The set would have had elephants instead, which would
         | have been depicted with two tusks. See e.g.
         | https://www.thehistoricgamesshop.co.uk/early-medieval-chess....
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | From https://www.lovecpokladu.cz/en/home/the-mystery-of-
         | medieval-...
         | 
         | https://www.lovecpokladu.cz/img/2023/gm4pro/Sandomierzske%20...
         | 
         | In that set you can see the rook being castle like on the end,
         | the knight with a "triangular stick out head thing" and an
         | elephant which has two bumps that at first glance made me think
         | breasts rather than tusks. Then the inner two pieces with the
         | king and queen.
         | 
         | The triangular head, however, is that of a horse's head rather
         | than an upside-down miter or jewelry.
         | 
         | Another view of it from a different angle -
         | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsPKPECX0AEwYP6?format=jpg&name=...
         | 
         | The bishop itself was a later introduction -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_(chess)
         | 
         | > The bishop's predecessor in medieval chess, shatranj
         | (originally chaturanga), was the alfil, meaning "elephant",
         | which could leap two squares along any diagonal, and could jump
         | over an intervening piece. As a consequence, each fil was
         | restricted to eight squares, and no fil could attack another.
         | The modern bishop first appeared shortly after 1200 in Courier
         | chess.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | The 'boobs' could be just that, representing the queen.
           | 
           | That 'chess set' isn't even symmetrical! Two with triangular
           | 'heads', one with 'boobs', one with a square projection!
           | 
           | Couldn't those two with grooves represent bishops? More
           | typical of a mitre than a crown, but hey this was Germany,
           | maybe that's correct there. And yeah, that last link to the
           | early 'bishop' has a slot cut in it too.
           | 
           | Unless they found it with the board set up, then I'm gonna
           | have doubts about any conclusions about correlations with
           | modern chess pieces.
        
             | shagie wrote:
             | There are two "dual front bumped" pieces that are in the
             | position of the bishop today.
             | 
             | There is one piece next to the king that has the same
             | structure, except no bit on the top signifying the crown.
             | 
             | That set is hand carved out of deer bone - this isn't a
             | super-high quality set (compare with
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_chessmen )
             | 
             | Another set with a similar abstract design -
             | https://www.thehistoricgamesshop.co.uk/early-medieval-
             | chess.... - https://sites.create-
             | cdn.net/siteimages/33/6/5/336500/18/8/3...
             | 
             | > This example of 11th or 12th century chess pieces from
             | Scandinavia, now in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum
             | Nuremberg, shows two kings and a smaller, though similar,
             | queen at the back right. On the left hand side are four
             | rooks, and at the front four knights. There are two bishops
             | between the knights and the two kings.
             | 
             | The pieces between the knights and the kings again have a
             | design that makes me think of breasts again.
             | 
             | However, setting aside that those are bishops / elephants
             | (with tusks), the knights at issue are without decoration
             | have the triangular shaped heads sticking forward.
             | 
             | Here is an Iranian set: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatr
             | anj#/media/File:Chess_Set...
             | 
             | You can see the horse like shape of the knight and two
             | breast-suggestive elephant pieces.
             | 
             | https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2013/10/byzantine-
             | chess.htm... is a byzantine set. https://blogger.googleuser
             | content.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg...
             | 
             | > The separate chess pieces of the Sandomierz chess set.
             | All have double/triple decorative lines at the bottom and
             | belong to one playing set. First row: pawn (top view),
             | bishop/elephant (side view), king (overview), counsellor
             | (side view). Second row: king (side view), knight (front
             | view), pawn (overview) and rook (side view). All images of
             | this chess set are from the Sandomierz museum website.
             | 
             | The bishop/elephant again shows the tusks. The second row
             | knight doesn't show the triangular shaped head as well
             | though. You will see that the counsellor (Byzantine doesn't
             | have the queen) is similar to that of the king, without the
             | crown.
        
         | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
         | I, too, initially thought the 'horse' piece was a person with
         | cartoonish eyes similar to the Lewis chessmen:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_chessmen#/media/File:Lew...
        
           | joshuaheard wrote:
           | Looking at some of the links to other finds, it looks like
           | only one of the players' pieces has the "eyes". I wonder if
           | that is an insignia to differentiate the players since I
           | don't see a color difference.
        
         | boredhedgehog wrote:
         | The 'Bishop' theme for that piece is an English peculiarity. It
         | doesn't exist in any other language.
        
       | globalise83 wrote:
       | I do find it amazing that even in a place like Germany with
       | excellent state-level surveying and archaeology services, as well
       | as at least two centuries of enthusiastic amateurs, there are
       | still undiscovered castles lurking in the forests...
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | There _aren 't_. I'm guessing you live in a country with vast
         | tracts of wilderness like the US or Canada. Germany is not like
         | that.
         | 
         | This archeological site is a pile of rocks that once was a
         | castle. (The rocks are probably mixed with dirt and plant life
         | and might have been completely buried.)
        
           | fumeux_fume wrote:
           | I don't think the parent comment meant fully formed, intact
           | castles, but rather the ruins of them.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > there are still undiscovered castles lurking in the forests
         | 
         | As with all anthropology/archaeology, there is a big difference
         | between "discovered" [by science] and "known" [by the locals].
         | The locals most certainly know of every castle and even those
         | castles that are now ruins probably have local legends/stories
         | of how there used to be a castle in such and such place.
         | 
         | But none of that counts until an archaeologist/anthropologist
         | comes and writes it down. They then bombastically proclaim to
         | have discovered a thing! (that all the locals already knew
         | about for decades/centuries)
         | 
         | Sauce: my partner studied anthropology and this was a running
         | joke in her program. It is very rare for an academic to be the
         | first to discover anything. Usually they get tipped off by
         | someone local who doesn't count
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | While there can certainly be case where items of local
           | knowledge haven't been cataloged by (recent) science, I think
           | that you are giving far too much credit to that side. It's
           | not as if there was much oral tradition going on with ancient
           | stories passed on from generation to generation, that just
           | doesn't happen all that much in a place that had print media
           | or better for half a millennium.
           | 
           | What we do have is knowledge encloded in place names
           | ("Burgstall"), but locals won't be any wiser about the
           | history of the thing unless they happen to be the type of
           | person who collects and consumes books written by local
           | history science buffs of earlier generations.
           | 
           | A chance discovery like this usually happens when some known
           | (usually to science far more than to locals!) but not
           | recently disturbed site has to make room for an
           | infrastructure project and the archeologists are sent in to
           | make use of the last chance to see.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | You are right. The details are usually more known to
             | science than to locals and infrastructure/building projects
             | spur many archaelogical digs in Europe. To the point that
             | most projects have to budget an archaeology time delay
             | because you're always going to hit _something_.
             | 
             | My comment was about completely undiscovered ruins/sites.
             | Those are rare. Someone somewhere (could be a notebook)
             | usually knows about it.
             | 
             | As for "no oral traditions in a country with long-standing
             | books" - the Brothers Grimm famously started writing down
             | oral traditions in the 1800's. That's only 200 years ago :)
             | For a long long time in most of europe nobody bothered to
             | write down what the peasants have to say.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | Yeah, completely undiscovered does not happen, with the
               | exception perhaps of battle sites which seem to keep
               | catching archeologists by surprise. What does happen is
               | discoveries of the kind "so we dug up this old thing,
               | because it's in the way of some project, and we
               | discovered that it contains identifiable traces of
               | something much older that we did not expect."
               | 
               | The concept we both seem to be tiptoeing around is the
               | idea that the best conservation approach is leaving it in
               | the ground, for future archeologists to explore or not
               | explore. I believe that this is a central principle of
               | the modern approach to archeology, and one we laymen
               | struggle to really take in. Yes, there are many sites
               | known to science, but not analyzed to destruction by
               | science.
        
           | lelanthran wrote:
           | > They then bombastically proclaim to have discovered a
           | thing! (that all the locals already knew about for
           | decades/centuries)
           | 
           | See also _" Your finger, you fool"_.
           | 
           | RIP, Terry Pratchett.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | It is sort-of the other way round.
         | 
         | There is an immense number of dilapidated castles, keeps,
         | strongholds or oppida all over Europe, with most of those
         | barely visible to an untrained eye, and they have been
         | catalogized for decades.
        
         | jfengel wrote:
         | As the other replies have pointed out, there aren't really
         | undiscovered castles.
         | 
         | But I do recommend visiting Germany, where there are way, way
         | more castles than you might expect. In particular I can
         | recommend the "Castle Way" along the Neckar River. Every bend
         | in the river has its own castle, just dozens and dozens of
         | them.
         | 
         | Most are not especially dramatic. Many are just ruins; others
         | are literally just people's homes now. Still, it's a little bit
         | like a D&D fantasy world where there really are just castles
         | everywhere. (And yeah, some of them have genuine dungeons.)
        
           | stefanka wrote:
           | We discussed a fun fact in the office lately: There is an
           | estimated 25K castles in Germany (1) while there are only 13K
           | Mac Donald's in the U.S. (2)
           | 
           | (1) https://www.dw.com/en/does-germany-really-
           | have-25000-castles...
           | 
           | (2) https://www.scrapehero.com/location-reports/McDonalds-
           | USA/
        
           | cuSetanta wrote:
           | Lived in a small town along the Jagst river for a while,
           | which joins the Neckar at Heilbronn. You get Castle Fatigue
           | fairly quickly with how many castles there are around there.
           | Its hard to care about the 15th castle you pass in as many
           | minutes. And I grew up in Ireland, which itself has a lot of
           | castle dotted around the place.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | > Every bend in the river has its own castle
           | 
           | The purpose of those castles was to extract money from the
           | river traffic.
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | More like living on a body of water was like having access
             | to a highway. And while a lot of trade happened along a
             | river, it's also a risk for invasion from armies and
             | raiding parties, hence the need for protection.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Having lived in Germany for a while, and toured the
               | castles along the Rhein, I was told by the tour guides
               | that toll extraction was their purpose.
        
               | digging wrote:
               | Tour guides of historical sites are often completely or
               | even willfully wrong about facts like this, but in a
               | sense almost all castles exist to exert control over
               | nearby resources so they're probably right.
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | It is not that somebody suddenly stumbled upon this castle. It
         | was mentioned in an inventory book from 1454 and in another
         | book form 1596. Also local field names indicated a castle. It
         | is quite common in such cases that there are a couple of
         | canidates for the location of a castle mentioned in a source.
         | It required a thorough excavation to substantiate such a
         | hypothesis.
         | 
         | Here is a description of the site together with a photo:
         | https://www.unsere-burgen.de/de/Burgen-im-LK-Reutlingen/Burg...
         | Judging from the photo, there is no immediately obvious
         | indication that this free standing rock was the site of a
         | castle.
        
         | MarkusWandel wrote:
         | A ruined castle was an excellent material source for
         | constructing other buildings. That's why they tended to
         | disappear if reasonably accessible.
        
         | FlyingSnake wrote:
         | I'm sure there are several ruins of castles in the
         | Saxon/Bohemian Switzerland region. It's a vast area full of
         | rocky terrain and old ruins might be hard to find without
         | scientific equipment.
        
       | Isamu wrote:
       | >"In the Middle Ages, chess was one of the seven skills that a
       | good knight should master,"
       | 
       | Where is that attested in writing of the time?
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chess#cite_ref-Vale...
         | 
         | > Peter Alfonsi, in his work Disciplina Clericalis, listed
         | chess among the seven skills that a good knight must acquire.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disciplina_clericalis
         | 
         | > Disciplina clericalis is a book by Petrus Alphonsi. Written
         | in Latin at the beginning of the 12th century, it is a
         | collection of 33 fables and tales and is the oldest European
         | book of its kind.
         | 
         | The English translation -
         | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Disciplina_Clericalis
         | 
         | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Disciplina_Clericalis/Tale_4
         | 
         | > Then, the accomplishments are: Riding, swimming, archery,
         | boxing, the chase, chess, writing verse. The virtues
         | (industriae) are: not to be a glutton, a drunkard, a sybarite,
         | not to be given to violence, to lying, covetous, and of evil
         | life." The disciple: "At the present time I do not believe
         | there is any man of this kind."
         | 
         | The latin passage (from
         | https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disciplina_clericalis ):
         | 
         | > Probitates vero hae sunt: Equitare, natare, sagittare,
         | cestibus certare, aucupare, scaccis ludere, versificari.
        
           | hugh-avherald wrote:
           | Glad to see that unrealistic job application requirements
           | have been around for centuries.
        
           | wumbo wrote:
           | This was already gold but went platinum with: "At the present
           | time I do not believe there is any man of this kind."
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | I grew up not far from this site but have been living in Oregon
       | for 30 years. One of the things that still strikes me when I go
       | back to visit is just how much old stuff was around me in my
       | childhood. Over there it's like "oh, let's put a nail salon in
       | this 400 year old building". Here it's like: "oh, there's a 100
       | year old barn, we must turn it into a heritage site."
        
         | philk10 wrote:
         | Yeh, moved to Michigan from England and was taken to the oldest
         | pub in the city, 120 years old. My local pub used to be a
         | hunting lodge used by Henry VIII
        
           | MarkusWandel wrote:
           | In my hometown in Germany there's a bakery that's been in
           | basically continous operation since about the time
           | Christopher Columbus set sail. Annoyingly modern web site,
           | and of course in German: https://www.fidelisbaeck.de/
        
             | space_oddity wrote:
             | I really want to pay a visit
        
             | INTPenis wrote:
             | Yeah they should have kept the website in its original 15th
             | century markup.
        
           | space_oddity wrote:
           | Will always remember my visit to The Old Wellington pub in
           | Manchester. It was built in 1552 and is the oldest building
           | in the city.
        
             | larsrc wrote:
             | Friends of mine lived for a while in Rennes in one of the
             | only buildings to survive a fire in the 18th century. It
             | was from 15-something and had nary a right angle to it. A
             | bit scary to go up the stairs, but quite cool.
        
         | ainiriand wrote:
         | As a kid I used to play football using this building as goal
         | https://maps.app.goo.gl/9iBkX42RF6zUgXJd9
         | 
         | Which is like 1k years old aprox.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | As a Czech, I feel the difference between Central Europe and
         | the Mediterranean.
         | 
         | In CZ, we have about 1000 years of written history. A building
         | from the 11th century is ancient and rare.
         | 
         | In Italy: well, this city is called Naples (Nea Polis = New
         | City in Greek), because it is barely 2600 years old.
        
           | sologoub wrote:
           | Things get occasionally found that are older, but the
           | prevalent building material has been wood and it doesn't
           | preserve nearly as well as rock. For example:
           | https://www.livescience.com/ancient-cemetery-fortress-
           | discov...
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | I had trouble loading the article, so here's the image:
       | 
       | https://news.artnet.com/app/news-upload/2024/06/medieval-gam...
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | Thanks!
         | 
         | That trapezoid-faced dude with the gear feels like he's just
         | begging to have an indie puzzle platformer made about him.
        
           | space_oddity wrote:
           | That sounds like a great concept for an indie puzzle
           | platformer!
        
           | throwway120385 wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure that's a knight piece. It looks like a horse.
        
         | nickt wrote:
         | The inverted triangle piece reminds me of the Lewis Chessmen.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_chessmen
        
       | LordHeini wrote:
       | Nice that they provide the 3d scans.
       | 
       | I want to 3d print the knight and it seems so strange that I can
       | do that with a thing someone made 800 years ago.
        
         | nestorD wrote:
         | You might also like the Lewis Chessmen 3D scans:
         | https://sketchfab.com/britishmuseum/collections/lewis-chessm...
        
       | tajstar wrote:
       | I'm amazed that the six-sided dice is so old and yet we still use
       | it since it's such a great tool to get a random number for a
       | game.
        
         | Tuna-Fish wrote:
         | IIRC the design was already established, identical to what we
         | use now except for the material, 5000 years ago.
        
       | dark-star wrote:
       | Ha, cool, this was found literally 5 minutes from where I live.
       | 
       | I hadn't known about this if I hadn't seen this article on HN
        
       | msephton wrote:
       | Very cool, and I love the 3D models they've made available to
       | view and zoom in on.
        
       | not_your_mentat wrote:
       | Do opposite sides of the D6 they found add to 7, the way God
       | intended?
        
         | not_your_mentat wrote:
         | OMG, they do. This article just upped my dice snobbery game.
        
       | croemer wrote:
       | Original press release in German:
       | https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/landesgeschichte/schachfigur-a...
        
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