[HN Gopher] Decade of the Battery
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       Decade of the Battery
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 38 points
       Date   : 2024-06-11 19:19 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.noahpinion.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.noahpinion.blog)
        
       | spankalee wrote:
       | I live in a city where's it's pretty common for people to blast
       | music at what used to be absurd levels because of very large, yet
       | portable, battery powered speakers.
       | 
       | You used to need a decent budget for D batteries if you were
       | going to do this with an 80's boom box, but now you can run a
       | full-sized PA speaker for hours on the built-in Li-ion batteries,
       | so it's way more common.
        
         | bravoetch wrote:
         | Imagine how loud it will be with a Dyson Sphere connected to
         | the Disaster Area portable speaker.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | I met someone who claimed to have invented the digital
         | amplifier chips these speakers use, using some new technology I
         | don't remember but it sounded innovative at the time - possibly
         | a new semiconductor material. He said he's very sorry.
        
           | jareklupinski wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class-D_amplifier#History
           | 
           | > Practical class-D amplifiers were enabled by the
           | development of silicon-based MOSFET (metal-oxide-
           | semiconductor field-effect transistor) technology.
           | 
           | > The first class-D amplifier based integrated circuit was
           | released by Tripath in 1996, and it saw widespread use.
           | 
           | say thanks :) i started going down the analog electronics
           | route starting with audio amplifier projects
        
         | cma wrote:
         | Rechargeable NiMH D-cell batteries have been around for decades
         | for not too much, probably not more than the boom box for
         | several sets 25+ years ago.
        
       | GaggiX wrote:
       | I'm so glad LFP batteries exist, at least at home you don't have
       | to worry about a massive fire like you do with other lithium ion
       | batteries.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Within a decade battery technologies capable of thermal runaway
         | should disappear.
        
       | mdeeks wrote:
       | Can anyone break down why it is still so expensive to get battery
       | storage at my house?
       | 
       | A single Tesla Powerwall is something like $10000 (before
       | incentives) for 13 kWh capacity. I regularly see articles about
       | battery costs being ~$150/kWh now. Thats about $2000 and yet the
       | Powerwall is 5x that cost. Even if it was $200/kWh that doesn't
       | get close to adding up.
       | 
       | Is it all installation costs? extra hardware costs? Or something
       | related to trade where we just can't get cheap batteries here in
       | the US?
        
         | GaggiX wrote:
         | Isn't the Tesla Powerwall a fully integrated system with
         | multiple MPPTs, inverter, and charger? (Maybe I'm confusing the
         | new one with the older versions) I imagine that's where the
         | cost comes in.
         | 
         | Where I live in Europe I can buy a lifepo4 cell for 97EUR from
         | a trusted supplier, 300Ah x 3.2V = almost a kWh. For a full
         | battery you need to add the cost of a BMS and a balancer.
        
           | MrsPeaches wrote:
           | Electronics in these systems are a low % of the BoM cost
           | though, so wouldn't expect it to make such a big difference.
        
             | GaggiX wrote:
             | If you buy a 16 cells to make a 48V battery than yeah the
             | vast majority of the cost would be the lithium cells, a 16s
             | 250A BMS should be around 150EUR, an active 16s balancer
             | 50EUR.
        
         | NullPrefix wrote:
         | There are European suppliers selling LiFePO4 cells for
         | EUR100/kWh, but you need electronics to support the cells -
         | battery management system, charger controller, inverter and so
         | on. You are also paying for the brand name
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | This is almost certainly a standard supply/demand curve
         | problem. Especially when you factor in that the supply side is
         | in rather heavy flux and that the optimization side of supply
         | has not caught up to the advancement side of it.
        
         | MrsPeaches wrote:
         | Maybe regulatory overhead due to the legacy of Li-ion cells
         | i.e. their explosive failure mode?
         | 
         | My understanding is that LFP is a fair bit safer so maybe
         | regulators haven't caught up?
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Why would you expect a Tesla product to have a competitive
         | price? This is like saying: the CPU costs $100, the RAM costs
         | $50, the flash costs $20, so why does an iPhone 15 cost $900?
        
           | mdeeks wrote:
           | Other competing companies in this space charge similar rates
           | for home batteries.
           | 
           | Also, the Tesla Model 3 and Y are currently some of the most
           | affordable EVs on the market. It's only the X, S, and
           | Cybertruck that are the high priced ones.
        
         | Xt-6 wrote:
         | You can find much cheaper batteries. But they will require
         | additional components that are included in the Powerwall, will
         | be less integrated, less pretty to look at, the mobile apps not
         | as pretty, more complex to purchase, etc
         | 
         | Example 30kw for $8k. https://signaturesolar.com/eg4-ll-s-
         | lithium-batteries-kit-30... or
         | https://batteryhookup.com/products/new-24-56kwh-lifepo4-batt...
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | Mark-up for luxury goods.
         | 
         | Tesla sells megapacks, and it's much more realistic:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Megapack#Specifications , a
         | 4MWh battery is $1.4m.
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | As someone who has been blissfully oblivious to electricity
       | prices due to a 36 month contract at $0.10/kWh, I looked up the
       | recent rates and saw that they're now in the $0.15/kWh range.
       | Makes me a bit more receptive to biting the bullet and just going
       | with solar with battery if this trend is going to continue in
       | that fashion.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | As someone in a corrupt country with tons of sun, I can't wait
         | to be independent of the price-gouging grid.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | It's just getting started. Solid state batteries are getting
       | close. There are big companies, from Toyota on down, putting
       | together manufacturing facilities. Nio is already shipping an
       | early semi-solid-state battery.
       | 
       | The solid state battery era looks like this:
       | 
       | - Much better safety. No thermal runaway problem. Survives nail
       | test.
       | 
       | - Upwards of 5,000 charge cycles.
       | 
       | - Charge times around 5 minutes.
       | 
       | - Maybe better energy density.
       | 
       | - Cost not yet well understood. Manufacturing is hard.
       | 
       | For small devices, the battery should outlive the device.
       | 
       | For cars, the usage model looks more like gas cars. Drive 300-400
       | miles, recharge in 5-10 minutes. This has land-use implications.
       | Gas stations can convert to charging stations in the same
       | footprint and layout. No need for giant parking lots of chargers.
        
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       (page generated 2024-06-11 23:00 UTC)