[HN Gopher] Lynn Conway has died
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Lynn Conway has died
        
       Author : kevvok
       Score  : 1068 points
       Date   : 2024-06-11 16:44 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | steveklabnik wrote:
       | Is there a citation for this, or an announcement somewhere? The
       | Wikipedia page was changed, but with no link backing it up, and I
       | can't find any.
       | 
       | EDIT: ah, found it:
       | http://www.myhusbandbetty.com/wordPressNEW/2024/06/11/lynn-c...
       | 
       | RIP.
        
         | neonate wrote:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20240611172823/http://www.myhusb...
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Lynn Conway co-wrote "the book" on VLSI design, "Introduction to
       | VLSI Systems", created and taught this historic VLSI Design
       | Course in 1978, which was the first time students designed and
       | fabricated their own integrated circuits, including James Clark
       | (SGI) who made the Geometry Engine, and Guy L Steel (MIT) who
       | made the Scheme Microprocessor.
       | 
       | She invented superscalar architecture at IBM, just to be fired in
       | 1968 after she revealed her intention to transition, then 52
       | years later IBM formally apologized to her in 2020. She
       | successfully rebooted her life, invented and taught VLSI design
       | to industry pioneers who founded many successful companies based
       | on the design methodology she invented, wrote the book on, and
       | personally taught to them, and then she became a trans activist
       | who helped many people transition, find each other, and avoid
       | suicide, fight abuse and bigotry, and find acceptance, by telling
       | her story and building an online community.
       | 
       | Lynn Conway receives 2009 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer
       | Award:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4Txvjia3p0
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | I ended up teaching Carver Mead's course in its last year at
         | Caltech, which was quite an experience. In many ways, the
         | course was (and is) horribly out of date, and not just because
         | of the fact that students were using open-source Berkeley tools
         | to draw layouts. The real reason why this course was obsolete
         | was that Mead and Conway so thoroughly won the argument on the
         | idea of creating rigorous abstractions that people don't learn
         | any other way.
         | 
         | It just seems so obvious today that you can create gates, you
         | can create macros, you can create complex designs, and you can
         | define the interface at every level so you can hook them up and
         | they just work. That idea came out of Conway and the early
         | pioneers of VLSI.
         | 
         | The same ideas are the core of how we work with libraries when
         | doing software engineering, too.
        
           | canucker2016 wrote:
           | In the book, Dealers of Lightning, by Michael Hiltzik, (about
           | Xerox PARC), chapter 21, "The Silicon Revolution", details
           | the work Lynn Conway, Carver Mead, and Doug Fairbairn did
           | with VLSI at PARC.
           | 
           | Excerpts - text in double parentheses provided for context:
           | 
           | "Lynn Conway and I," Fairbairn remembered, "were the ones who
           | said, 'This VLSI is hot shit.'"
           | 
           | For the next year, Caltech and PARC educated each other. Mead
           | transferred his theories about microelectronics and computer
           | science, and Conway and Fairbairn paid him back by developing
           | design methods and tools giving engineers the ability to
           | create integrated circuits of unprecedented complexity on
           | Alto-sized workstations.
           | 
           | ...If the computer lab -- particularly ((Butler)) Lampson,
           | who commanded management's respect -- continued to carp at
           | the money being spent on the hazy potential of VLSI, who knew
           | how long she could survive at PARC?...
           | 
           | While discussing this one day with Mead and Fairbairn she
           | realized the problem was not just scientific, but cultural.
           | VLSI had not been around long enough even to generate
           | textbooks and college courses -- the paraphernalia of sound
           | science that, she was convinced, would force everyone else to
           | take it seriously.
           | 
           | "We should write the book," she told Mead. "A book that
           | communicates the simplest, most elegant rules and methods for
           | VLSI design would make it look like a mature, proven science,
           | like anything does if it's been around for the ten or fifteen
           | years you normally have behind a textbook."
           | 
           | Mead was skeptical...
           | 
           | That's where you're wrong, she replied. What was the aim of
           | all the technology that surrounded them at PARC, if not to
           | facilitate just the project she was proposing? They had Altos
           | ((computer workstations)) running Bravo ((word processor)), a
           | network to link long-distance collaborators, and high-speed
           | laser-driven Dover printers to produce professional-looking
           | manuscripts.
           | 
           | Their collaboration that summer on what became the seminal
           | text of the new technology was only one of Conway's efforts
           | to distill and spread the VLSI gospel. The same year she
           | agreed to teach a guest course at MIT (using the first few
           | chapters of the still-maturing textbook), then printed up her
           | lecture notes for instructors at an ever-enlarging circle of
           | interested universities. By mid-1979 she was able to offer an
           | additional incentive to a dozen school: If they would
           | transmit student designs to PARC over the ARPANET, PARC would
           | arrange to have the chips built, packaged, and returned to
           | the students for testing.
           | 
           | ((Jim)) Clark understood at once that the computing
           | efficiency VLSI offered was the key to expanding the
           | potential of computer graphics. That summer he essentially
           | relocated to PARC, taking over a vacant office next door to
           | Conway's and steeping himself in VLSI lore. Within four
           | months he had finished the Geometry Engine chip, the product
           | of that summer's total immersion.
        
             | canucker2016 wrote:
             | Doug Fairbairn: https://computerhistory.org/profile/doug-
             | fairbairn/
             | 
             | Carver Mead: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carver_Mead
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Lynn Conway, co-author along with Carver Mead of "the textbook"
       | on VLSI design, "Introduction to VLSI Systems", created and
       | taught this historic VLSI Design Course in 1978, which was the
       | first time students designed and fabricated their own integrated
       | circuits:
       | 
       | >"Importantly, these weren't just any designs, for many pushed
       | the envelope of system architecture. Jim Clark, for instance,
       | prototyped the Geometry Engine and went on to launch Silicon
       | Graphics Incorporated based on that work (see Fig. 16). Guy
       | Steele, Gerry Sussman, Jack Holloway and Alan Bell created the
       | follow-on 'Scheme' (a dialect of LISP) microprocessor, another
       | stunning design."
       | 
       | Many more links and beautiful illustrations of her student's VLSI
       | designs:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31758139
       | 
       | Also, Jim Clark (SGI, Netscape) was one of Lynn Conway's
       | students, and she taught him how to make his first prototype
       | "Geometry Engine"!
       | 
       | http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/VLSI/MPCAdv/MPCAdv.ht...
       | 
       | Just 29 days after the design deadline time at the end of the
       | courses, packaged custom wire-bonded chips were shipped back to
       | all the MPC79 designers. Many of these worked as planned, and the
       | overall activity was a great success. I'll now project photos of
       | several interesting MPC79 projects. First is one of the
       | multiproject chips produced by students and faculty researchers
       | at Stanford University (Fig. 5). Among these is the first
       | prototype of the "Geometry Engine", a high performance computer
       | graphics image-generation system, designed by Jim Clark. That
       | project has since evolved into a very interesting architectural
       | exploration and development project.[9]
       | 
       | Figure 5. Photo of MPC79 Die-Type BK (containing projects from
       | Stanford University):
       | 
       | http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/VLSI/MPCAdv/SU-BK1.jp...
       | 
       | [...]
       | 
       | The text itself passed through drafts, became a manuscript, went
       | on to become a published text. Design environments evolved from
       | primitive CIF editors and CIF plotting software on to include all
       | sorts of advanced symbolic layout generators and analysis aids.
       | Some new architectural paradigms have begun to similarly evolve.
       | An example is the series of designs produced by the OM project
       | here at Caltech. At MIT there has been the work on evolving the
       | LISP microprocessors [3,10]. At Stanford, Jim Clark's prototype
       | geometry engine, done as a project for MPC79, has gone on to
       | become the basis of a very powerful graphics processing system
       | architecture [9], involving a later iteration of his prototype
       | plus new work by Marc Hannah on an image memory processor [20].
       | 
       | [...]
       | 
       | For example, the early circuit extractor work done by Clark Baker
       | [16] at MIT became very widely known because Clark made access to
       | the program available to a number of people in the network
       | community. From Clark's viewpoint, this further tested the
       | program and validated the concepts involved. But Clark's use of
       | the network made many, many people aware of what the concept was
       | about. The extractor proved so useful that knowledge about it
       | propagated very rapidly through the community. (Another factor
       | may have been the clever and often bizarre error-messages that
       | Clark's program generated when it found an error in a user's
       | design!)
       | 
       | 9. J. Clark, "A VLSI Geometry Processor for Graphics", Computer,
       | Vol. 13, No. 7, July, 1980.
        
         | fwip wrote:
         | This book was so good that I bought myself a new copy years
         | after leaving college - the only textbook I've done that for.
        
         | mturmon wrote:
         | Thanks for this context. I hadn't known about the link to Jim
         | Clark but it makes sense.
         | 
         | Here's another one. It's Carver Mead, Lynn Conway's co-author,
         | talking about the genesis of their legendary book, and process.
         | 
         | I was a university student at the time, and this was _the_ way
         | you could get your little custom processor into a fab and get
         | hardware back. It was kind of amazing to go from a digital file
         | through a compiler and verification, and then to hardware.
         | 
         | Carver's description with some backstory (probably helpful):
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAZWXX5930M&t=1984s
         | 
         | And skipped ahead to just the book part:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAZWXX5930M&t=2064s
        
       | minedwiz wrote:
       | If this is verified, I think a black band is 100% warranted. As I
       | understand it, she was a real innovator in VLSI, which I think we
       | all agree is somewhat important :)
       | 
       | EDIT: GG, the black band appeared as I sent this
        
         | metalliqaz wrote:
         | omg is that what that is?
         | 
         | all this time I thought the CSS was screwed up on my browser. I
         | had assumed it all my anti-ad/privacy plugins.
        
           | minedwiz wrote:
           | Yep, loss of a prominent HN-relevant person.
        
             | swyx wrote:
             | and list of past black bars:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37018825
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | While her contributions to the VLSI design methodologies are
         | the best known and the most influential, that is because at
         | that time she worked in academia, in plain sight.
         | 
         | She had another extremely important contribution much earlier,
         | when working at IBM, at the Advanced Computer System project.
         | 
         | She invented the first methods that could be used for designing
         | a CPU that can initiate multiple instructions in the same clock
         | cycle and also out of order in comparison with the program.
         | Such a CPU will be named only 2 decades later as a superscalar
         | CPU (also inside IBM and by people familiar with the old ACS
         | project). (The earlier CDC 6600 could initiate only 1
         | instruction per clock cycle, in program order, even if after
         | initiation it could execute the instructions concurrently and
         | complete them out-of-order, depending on the availability of
         | execution units.)
         | 
         | Her work on superscalar CPUs did not become known until much
         | later, because it was written in confidential internal reports
         | about the ACS project, which was canceled, unlike the later and
         | much less comprehensive work of Tomasulo, which was published
         | in a journal and which was used in a commercial product, so it
         | became the reference on out-of-order execution in the open
         | literature, for several decades.
         | 
         | At the time when she worked at IBM, her legal gender was still
         | male, and when she announced her intention of gender change,
         | she was fired by IBM, which is likely to have contributed to
         | the obscurity that covered her ACS work at IBM.
         | 
         | Her "Dynamic Instruction Scheduling" report from 1966 is
         | mandatory reading for anyone who is interested about the
         | evolution of the superscalar and out-of-order CPUs.
         | 
         | https://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/ACS/Archive/ACSarchi...
        
           | nvarsj wrote:
           | Fascinating. It wasn't long ago I did a high performance
           | computer architecture grad class. They covered Tomasulo but
           | no mention of Conway's contributions. TIL.
        
       | mattecypress wrote:
       | Not to be mistaken with John Conway, known for Conway's game of
       | life.
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | Nor the Melvin Conway, of Conway's law.
        
         | wincy wrote:
         | Honestly considering Lynn Conway's Wikipedia profile mentions
         | being a transgender activist and not knowing much about either
         | of them, I thought maybe I'd just missed that John Conway had
         | transitioned at some point, and had now died.
        
           | dexwiz wrote:
           | John Conway died over 4 years ago.
        
             | indoordin0saur wrote:
             | Yup. During the big initial wave of Covid. He was living in
             | New Jersey at the time after retiring from a career at
             | Princeton.
        
           | someperson wrote:
           | It really doesn't help that the Wikipedia page doesn't
           | currently appear to state the former name anywhere, like it
           | often does for other people (like celebrities) who legally
           | change their names at some point in their lives.
        
             | amysox wrote:
             | This is in keeping with their gender identity guidelines.
             | 
             | > Former, pre-transition names may only be included _if the
             | person was notable while using the name;_ outside of the
             | main biographical article, such names should only appear
             | once, in a footnote or parentheses.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > if the person was notable while using the name
               | 
               | ACS was a notable project and her involvement in it, pre-
               | transition, was notable.
        
               | LukasMathis wrote:
               | I guess the point is that she, herself, was not notable
               | at that point, since her work was not widely and publicly
               | known. Otherwise we'd already know her pre-transition
               | name.
        
               | skyyler wrote:
               | A notable project where her work was confidential.
               | 
               | Her deadname did not have achievements publicly
               | associated with it in the way wikipedia requires.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | she had to go to significant pains to conceal her former
             | name because it revealed her former sex, and trans women
             | are at significant risk of getting lynched, even more so 50
             | years ago
        
               | throwaway72638 wrote:
               | Obviously homicides are bad, and life isn't yet a bed of
               | roses for the trans community but ... as far as I know
               | the trans homicide rate in the USA is lower than the cis
               | one, unless you make strong underreporting assumptions
               | [1]?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5551594/
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | yes, in the usa right now things are not bad; they have
               | improved dramatically, especially in the last ten years.
               | still, even within the usa, i think the statistics you're
               | looking at are skewed by a variety of demographic factors
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | There's a whole set of criteria for when Wikipedia will and
             | will not list former names for people who transition, which
             | boils down to whether they achieved notability under the
             | old name. Which Lynn did not.
             | 
             | There's a conversation to be had about whether the
             | decisions Wikipedia has made about prior names and
             | consistent use of pronouns in the biography of trans
             | persons is the correct one for an encyclopedia. But this is
             | definitely not the place or time to have that conversation.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:DEADNAME says:
             | 
             | > If a living transgender or non-binary person was not
             | notable under a former name (a deadname), it should not be
             | included in any page (including lists, redirects,
             | disambiguation pages, category names, templates, etc.),
             | even in quotations, even if reliable sourcing exists. Treat
             | the pre-notability name as a privacy interest separate from
             | (and often greater than) the person's current name.
             | 
             | So, now she has passed away, it is allowed by policy to add
             | her birth name to the article (assuming it can be reliably
             | sourced, etc)
             | 
             | Although https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:BDP also says:
             | 
             | > Generally, this policy does not apply to material
             | concerning people who are confirmed dead by reliable
             | sources. The only exception would be for people who have
             | recently died, in which case the policy can extend for an
             | indeterminate period beyond the date of death--six months,
             | one year, two years at the outside.
             | 
             | So some might argue that, due to WP:BDP, WP:DEADNAME still
             | applies in the period immediately after her death - but in
             | 2027 it won't (assuming Wikipedia leaves its policies
             | unchanged)
        
             | thedynamicduo wrote:
             | It's Wokepedia, of course they aren't going to mention it.
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | That's what I thought.
        
       | nxobject wrote:
       | A woman of incredible courage - to be able to rebuild her career
       | after being kicked out of IBM despite her achievements, is
       | inspirational. And, given how even the implementation of
       | superscalar processors confuses me, smarter than I'll ever be for
       | understanding that AND chip fabbing at the same time, one of
       | humanity's finest technical achievements.
        
       | mlsu wrote:
       | I recommend reading Lynn's story, written in her own words:
       | 
       | https://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/RetrospectiveT.html
       | 
       | It is amazing, tragic, and triumphant in so many ways.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing!
         | 
         | In case anyone knows, what's the best way to get this to be
         | readable on an e-reader? Haven't found a PDF yet, probably
         | exporting into a PDF is the easiest since it's only a couple
         | dozen pages maybe?!
        
           | lye wrote:
           | Save as HTML with images and run through Calibre:
           | $ ebook-convert index.html book.epub
           | 
           | Here are the files if you trust a rando on the internet.
           | Since they're just ZIP archives, you can unpack and inspect
           | both to make sure there's no JS there. .mobi looks fine on my
           | Kindle.
           | 
           | https://0x0.st/Xc8M.epub
           | 
           | https://0x0.st/Xc8B.mobi
        
             | barbazoo wrote:
             | > if you trust a rando on the internet
             | 
             | Why did you say that, now I _have to_ check the files :)
             | 
             | Thank you
        
             | ballooney wrote:
             | A comment when an upvote would do - this is the kind of
             | small act of generosity that I wish to acknowledge and
             | praise in prose - thank you for taking the couple of
             | minutes to do this. I've been feeling a little bleak about
             | the internet lately as the SNR plummets in the tidal wave
             | of AI seo search results, AI comments, etc. Thank you for
             | taking the trouble. I went to EMFCamp in the UK a couple of
             | weeks ago and had a similar resurgence in enthusiasm about
             | simple things like asking a question of someone and getting
             | an above-and-beyond, going-out-of-their-way response to
             | share their enthusiasm and knowledge about something with
             | you. We must defend these pockets of human interaction.
             | [brought to you after a boozy work lunch but the sentiment
             | is genuine].
        
               | disqard wrote:
               | A bit meta, but _your_ response is part of boosting that
               | SNR, in the best way possible.
               | 
               | We already saw the front-page discussion about "slop",
               | but we don't have to let it wash over all of us, all of
               | the time. Thank you (and GP) for doing your part!
        
           | michaelmior wrote:
           | MediaWiki2Latex can convert to ePub.
           | 
           | https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/
        
           | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
           | If you've got a Kobo, Pocket seems to recognize it as an
           | article (it often doesn't) and renders it well enough.
           | 
           | EDIT: Nevermind, Pocket only captures the preface (first four
           | minutes, basically).
        
         | spencerchubb wrote:
         | Incredible
         | 
         | "The fact that I started a new career all over again, at the
         | bottom of the ladder, after being fired by IBM and rejected by
         | family and friends . . . may also give hope to others trapped
         | in similar situations."
        
           | brailsafe wrote:
           | Thanks for calling that out, I'd like to read more about how
           | that went. I'm considering what the best move for me is now,
           | obviously with the terrible market and obscene competition,
           | whether to try and leverage the amalgamation of skills I've
           | built up and just push harder as a contractor, or pivot
           | entirely down the meme path of trying trades. Being in her
           | situation would perhaps be more wildly more difficult, but
           | for different reasons and in different circumstances.
           | 
           | What also struck me about that snippet of the story, is that
           | the context for what a career meant might have been a bit
           | different than now. A career at one single company seems like
           | quite a rarity these days, and we wouldn't necessarily
           | consider it to be a career restart if you're just going to
           | another company, unless you're perhaps of a certain
           | generation.
        
         | meifun wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing!! Fascinating and really helpful to those
         | of us who are undergoing our own gender transitions!
        
         | max_ wrote:
         | Same link without SSL errors: https://archive.is/zVIWu
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | Interestingly the cert expired just a few days ago.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | a fitting epitath?
             | 
             | Here lies xyz; their cert expired without renewal
        
         | nineplay wrote:
         | I appreciate her making the effort to tell her story. I
         | struggle sometimes to understand what it means when people say
         | they feel born in the wrong gender. They way she describes it -
         | not just about wanting to do 'girl' things but wanting to be
         | soft and round and feminine - is eye-opening for me.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | I read around reddit of experiences of people who wore VR
           | headsets and played a character of the other gender. The NPCs
           | treated them as such, but they themselves experienced gender
           | incongruence. Their internal identity was at mismatch with
           | how the NPCs treated them, and that helped them understand
           | what gender dysphoria means.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | if the NPCs can do this in a non trivial way it could be a
             | really powerful experience.
        
             | chroma wrote:
             | Can you link to the post about that? Because I'm guessing
             | there's a selection effect where only those who had
             | profound experiences commented. I've done similar things in
             | VR and found it wasn't any different than when I had a
             | robot body or a cartoon carrot body. Yes the new body is
             | strange and interesting in some ways, but on an emotional
             | level it's like driving a different car.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | It's not about the body itself but about how the universe
               | treated the player.
               | 
               | Unfortunately I don't think VR will ever have enough
               | bandwidth to provide an experience equivalent to Sword
               | Art Online, ie full body immersion.
               | 
               | I will see if I can find them again.
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | > Can you link to the post about that? Because I'm
               | guessing there's a selection effect where only those who
               | had profound experiences commented.
               | 
               | They didn't say everyone experienced it.
               | 
               | > I've done similar things in VR and found it wasn't any
               | different than when I had a robot body or a cartoon
               | carrot body.
               | 
               | Did characters treat you as not man and not woman? And
               | not in the way most English is gender neutral? It seems
               | not similar otherwise.
        
           | sterlind wrote:
           | As much as "trapped in the wrong body" is a cliche, the
           | physical aspect of gender dysphoria is profound, and often
           | overlooked. I don't care about competing in women's sports,
           | or what locker room I had to use. I cared about my body
           | becoming grotesque and alien to me, and became overwhelmed
           | with how profoundly wrong it felt. It's not that I want to
           | look like a girl so I can be treated like one - I want to
           | look like a girl, regardless of how I'm treated. My dysphoria
           | is actually worse when I'm alone, because I can't distract
           | myself with socializing. It's hard to empathize with physical
           | dysphoria if you've never felt it, but I appreciate your
           | struggle.
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | I think that many struggle to understand because they think
           | something like "how would it feel to want to be a woman",
           | rather than flip it to their gender. So if you're a cis man,
           | try to imagine you were a trans man; born female, raised a
           | girl, expected to conform to your local female beauty norms,
           | be expected to bear children, less body hair and muscle mass,
           | curves in places unfamiliar to you, flirted with by men, etc.
           | 
           | It's always hard to truly understand how another person views
           | the world, but I've heard that approach work for others in
           | the past.
        
         | neonate wrote:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20240309142149/https://ai.eecs.u...
        
       | kstrauser wrote:
       | What an absolute genius. RIP, Lynn.
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | I met her totally at random at a bio conference in hawaii- I sat
       | down next to her at a bar and we started chatting. I asked what
       | she did and she said VLSI- something I knew nothing about (I was
       | a biologist). She was curious about biology and wanted to learn
       | about how she could help. I looked her name up later and learned
       | she really did work in VLSI :)
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | When did you meet her at this bio conference? I'm curious what
         | aspect of biology she was interested in and whether she dove
         | into the subject further.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | probably Pacific Symposium in Biocomputing around 2000 but I
           | don't think Lynn ever published in the area. I don't recall
           | the specific details of what we discussed, probably something
           | about molecular dynamics.
        
       | betimsl wrote:
       | Great loss for our community.
        
       | electriclove wrote:
       | Why does Wikipedia not list the first spouse or children?
        
         | amysox wrote:
         | No confirmed sources. This was discussed on the talk page.
        
         | mattigames wrote:
         | Or her name at birth.
        
           | OtherShrezzing wrote:
           | Wikipedia has a reference manual which describes this
           | scenario[1]. Lynn was prominently and publicly known for her
           | post-transition work - though her IBM achievements are
           | included, they are the minority of her career's work. She
           | wasn't in the public eye at the time, so her former name is
           | considered a privacy interest & not eligible for publishing
           | to Wikipedia. If a person is notable & in the public eye
           | before transitioning, their former names are then eligible to
           | be listed.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/G
           | end...
        
           | xereeto wrote:
           | little matter called respect
        
       | Upvoter33 wrote:
       | Great prof. Changed my entire career arc. RIP.
        
       | meifun wrote:
       | Thank you for the inspiration as I continue my gender transition.
       | I appreciate your struggles and dedication to living a life that
       | was "for you" and not for anyone else. RIP.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | Sad but poignant during Pride month. Even in the US, we still
         | have so many people who oppress those who are different, in
         | gender, sexual orientation, relationship style, etc. Lynn
         | suffered that oppression. Yet despite it, she achieved great
         | things. I'll think of her whenever I see a Pride flag this
         | month.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | >> Yet despite it, she achieved great things.
           | 
           | correction: achieved great things TWICE.
        
       | KennyBlanken wrote:
       | > Although she had hoped to be allowed to transition on the job,
       | IBM fired Conway in 1968 after she revealed her intention to
       | transition.[19] IBM apologized for this in 2020.
       | 
       | Given that in 2012 there was an entire IEEE magazine issue
       | dedicated to her career and contributions to the field which
       | really brought awareness of all her contributions...it's
       | disappointing it took IBM so long to apologize, especially given
       | they outed her circa ~2000.
        
         | hyperliner wrote:
         | But it eventually happened, which is a good thing. Society does
         | not always change fast enough.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | agreed. It did happen, but not fast enough, and that should
           | be our motivation to continual push for change, even when we
           | know it's inevitable
        
         | hindsightbias wrote:
         | Have worked with several trans folks at major legacy corps like
         | IBM and while I'm sure there may have been rank-and-file
         | issues, discrimination was not tolerated by mgmt in the latter
         | 90s. My memory is IBM and HP added non-discrimination policies
         | around that time.
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | "discrimination was not tolerated by mgmt in the latter 90s"
           | 
           | That's a really nice thought. Having lived as a trans woman
           | in the 90s, it does not match reality though.
           | 
           | Management is, always, a mixed bag. More and more managers
           | indeed do not tolerate discrimination, but even in the face
           | of policies, it exists. It _certainly_ existed in the 90s, in
           | very large patches.
           | 
           | As for corporate policies, IBM added theirs (gender identity
           | specifically) in 2002. HP had GLEN in 1995 - "Gay, Lesbian,
           | and Bisexual employee network". You'll note gender identity
           | isn't part of that, though. (And bisexual is a silent B, I
           | guess ;) If anybody knows when they included gender identity,
           | I'd love to hear about it!
           | 
           | Before that, it was patchwork-y, and your best bet was
           | finding a corner of the corporation that was supportive. And
           | never raising your head to far, just in case. (Many of us did
           | anyways, but more often than not, that had indeed the
           | expected outcome)
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong, I'm happy and grateful HP & IBM were at
           | the forefront of these policies. But it wasn't quite as easy
           | a transition.
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | One day we will be struggling for survival, be it here on Earth
         | or in space, and the years wasted by our species getting in the
         | way of technological advancement by preventing people like
         | Hypathia of Alexandria, Alan Turing, Galileo Galilei, Lynn
         | Conway and many others from fulfilling their full potential
         | could make the difference between collective survival or death.
         | 
         | We are truly an idiotic species sometimes.
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | I hope that at some point she could reconnect with her kids from
       | her prior marriage.
        
         | ksenzee wrote:
         | She did. This was from 2000:
         | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-19-tm-54188...
        
       | 1024core wrote:
       | Why does the Wiki page say "citation needed" for calling her a
       | "computer scientist, electrical engineer"?
        
         | waterhouse wrote:
         | If you were looking at the same revision I saw, the "citation
         | needed" was on the word "was", and on mouseover said "Please
         | add credible news of death".
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Seems to be fixed now, and I had a go at fixing the other
         | "citation needed" on leaving MIT. This stuff all relies on
         | volunteers getting around to it.
        
       | SnooSux wrote:
       | She spoke at my commencement a few years back. Her story is an
       | interesting one
        
       | mk_stjames wrote:
       | I am actually part way through reading Mead & Conway's
       | "Introduction to VLSI Systems" right now; I decided to go through
       | it just for history's sake a few weeks ago. It's amazing to
       | imagine that time period, it seemed like they were just creating
       | so many new ideas so fast in a completely new realm; making the
       | tools to build new processors to make the tools faster to make
       | new processors faster... on and on and on. They published the
       | book in 1978. We've been on that roller coaster ever since.
       | 
       | RIP.
        
       | cbanek wrote:
       | Lynn was a real role model for me over the past 25 years. I'm sad
       | that I never got to meet her, but her technical impact is
       | everywhere.
        
       | polairscience wrote:
       | For those of you who are inclined to say "HackerNews doesn't deal
       | with politics", I hope that Lynn's story reminds you that any
       | work you do is intertwined with politics. While I appreciate that
       | it's a difficult line to walk, to have productive and relevant
       | political discussion in a forum like this, politics and social
       | acceptance are a part of every aspect of our lives. Brilliant,
       | kind, impactful people are kept from leading the life they want
       | to lead every day because of societal intolerance for who they
       | are. Incredible people like Lynn who have overcome that
       | intolerance to lead a remarkable life should remind everyone of
       | the suffering that others go through. There are uncountable other
       | people who are not allowed to be themselves and who are
       | suffocated in our society, with the lives of transgender people
       | often ending in ostracisation or murder. One of the remarkable
       | things about technology is that it enables trodden people to
       | escape this tyranny to an extent once impossible. It enables
       | marginalized people to be themselves in our world. Let us
       | continue to enable that.
       | 
       | Such "political" discussions and the impact technology has on
       | them are an important part of the discourse here. I'm sad she is
       | gone but I'm glad to see that this post is high up the front
       | page. If you're inclined to denigrate transgender people, I
       | encourage you to consider that they are trying to lead an honest
       | life. I encourage you to consider what you're taking away from
       | them and from the world by dehumanizing them. No matter why they
       | are who they are.
        
         | IntelMiner wrote:
         | Anybody who conflates human rights as "politics" are someone I
         | simply cannot respect
         | 
         | A persons right to exist is not political
         | 
         | (This isn't a dig at OP but it's worth restating)
        
           | nsomaru wrote:
           | Human rights are intimately woven into International Law and
           | state sovereignty. The work of the TWAIL scholars is
           | relevant, especially as regards how human rights are deployed
           | to undermine the sovereignty of the global south following
           | the rapid "decolonisation" of the mid 20th century.
           | 
           | I'm afraid it's almost impossible to divorce politics and
           | human rights.
        
             | IntelMiner wrote:
             | Politics are intertwined in every facet of the human
             | experience, because they're effectively the net result of a
             | social group
             | 
             | Some people however strive to "live above" politics, or to
             | breathlessly demand things be "apolitical" based on their
             | own biases. That bias in of itself being as "political" as
             | anything else
        
             | vaylian wrote:
             | Politics follow ethics in democratic societies. However,
             | our understanding of ethics is always developing. We now
             | understand that homosexuality is ethical. We understand
             | that transgenderism is ethical. There will be more things
             | in the future where politics has to bow to our improved
             | understanding of ethics. Ethics is always a foundation for
             | democratic politics, because politics needs to govern how
             | we as a society live together in peace.
        
             | BSDobelix wrote:
             | >I'm afraid it's almost impossible to divorce politics and
             | human rights.
             | 
             | It is, example?
             | 
             | Nord Korea signed it, the US and Canada just ratified it:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_t
             | h...
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | > _the US and Canada just ratified it_
               | 
               | Canada ratified it years ago (if we're not counting
               | optional protocols), but according to
               | https://indicators.ohchr.org/, the US hasn't. Do you have
               | a source?
        
             | number6 wrote:
             | First time I heard about TWAIL. Ok, now human rights are
             | controversial? The one ideal, that whoever you are,
             | wherever you are, you hold universal rights because you are
             | a human. This are Western ideas and are not true for the
             | global south? This belief is weaponized?
             | 
             | I cannot believe this. Simply outrageous. I never
             | understood the religious people before - to me this is a
             | sacrilege.
             | 
             | Universal human rights are the hill I will literally die
             | on.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | human rights in spirit are not. but in practice (see the
               | the argument below) they are used more as a rhetorical
               | shield. they are toothless paper tigers, they are
               | extremely easy to co-opt and corrupt the spirit. (eg. see
               | how Putin loves harping on about self-determination of
               | people in the annexed regions; how proudly democratic
               | North Korea is.)
               | 
               | I hope my extreme summarization is not completely
               | useless.
               | 
               | https://www.philosophizethis.org/transcript/episode-191-t
               | ran... // https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiE5rBLrIgM
        
           | mminer237 wrote:
           | > A persons right to exist is not political
           | 
           | I don't think anyone is saying anyone else should not exist.
        
             | soganess wrote:
             | While I agree that everything is inescapably political, I
             | think the subtext of quoted comment was not just exist as
             | in "be alive", but exist as in "be alive with dignity +
             | autonomy". Which (going by the wiki on Lynn) was clearly a
             | strong point of contention / friction between them and
             | greater society.
             | 
             | The Alan Turing comparison springs to mind.
        
           | docmars wrote:
           | I think an important distinction people are looking for is:
           | 
           | It's not the mere existence of a person that's an issue, but
           | rather the coercive, punishing activism that takes place
           | around a false idea that human rights are at risk, while
           | these personal choices are simultaneously being celebrated by
           | nearly every government institution and major corporation in
           | existence.
           | 
           | The same activism requires full acceptance by parents,
           | families, and children who do not want these choices
           | influencing their personal lives.
           | 
           | To say these rights are at risk is an outright lie.
           | 
           | It's one thing to have a significant voter base opposed to
           | those choices and still be fully able to live and express
           | those choices freely and publicly -- while it's a whole
           | different issue to have governments actively enforcing a
           | different private life against their will (specifically LGBTQ
           | folks).
           | 
           | (Edits: re-word for clarification)
        
             | polairscience wrote:
             | While I agree that institutions and corporations are more
             | actively participating in human rights issues in the recent
             | past, something I think is a really good thing, I don't see
             | the aspects of that coverage that are coercive or
             | punishing. Your argument disingenuous on two points:
             | 
             | 1) Nowhere, in history, does "government actively enforcing
             | a different private life against one's will" mean "you are
             | forced to live or participate in a transgender life". For
             | the entirety of history government and corporations have
             | actively forced "different" people like Lynn to conform to
             | your expectations of them. See Lynn being fired from IBM.
             | 
             | 2) "To say they are at risk is an outright lie". The
             | rhetoric and social norms around the existence of
             | transgender people enables violent people to murder them.
             | They are absolutely actively at risk. What other phrase,
             | besides "at risk", would you use to explain that
             | transgender people are 4 times more likely to be murdered.
             | They are literally killed for being different and because
             | we dehumanize them.
             | 
             | I look forward to the day that what you say is true. That
             | there are people who oppose those choices but that
             | transgender people can live a free and public life without
             | being murdered for being themselves. I think what you're
             | putting forward sounds great.
        
               | docmars wrote:
               | 1) On your first point -- I think you misunderstood what
               | I meant by government enforcement. I'm talking about
               | governments that actively force people not to be LGBTQ.
               | The point I'm making is that this is very different from
               | having a significant population patently against this
               | lifestyle, which cannot be construed as government
               | enforcement.
               | 
               | It's the desire towards widely accepted societal norms,
               | and a pushback against disrupting long-established
               | acceptable norms.
               | 
               | 2) The same applies to Black on Black crime, except
               | hundredfold. The same applies to violence against
               | straight White people. Every group suffers from targeted
               | violence -- and no amount of data to prove how
               | disproportionate it is makes any instance more
               | right/justified than another.
               | 
               | Similar to your wishes, I hope there's a day when random
               | White people on the street aren't mobbed by dozens, if
               | not hundreds, of people who aren't White. I've lost count
               | how many videos I've seen of this happening. I'd love to
               | see a world where transgender teenagers and young adults
               | aren't motivated to shoot up Christian schools. I'd love
               | to see no discriminatory violence at all someday -- but
               | it cannot come at the cost of marginalizing majority
               | groups who are just trying to live normal lives too, and
               | too often, it does.
        
             | appalp wrote:
             | Exactly. Although they are often erroneously conflated,
             | this is the key point that distinguishes gay rights
             | activism from trans activism.
             | 
             | For the former, we campaigned for equal treatment under the
             | law. Like when we said we want to get married, we made the
             | point that this doesn't affect in any way the marriage that
             | heterosexual people have, because the rights are actually
             | the same.
             | 
             | The trans activists don't want that. Equal treatment and
             | tolerance isn't enough for them, they demand dominance
             | above all else.
        
               | docmars wrote:
               | Agreed. This is evidenced by the existence of boards
               | enforcing ESG standards, and management enforcing DEI
               | programs throughout most corporations and businesses, in
               | order to protect against even the slightest perceived
               | threat against discriminatory hiring decisions made
               | entirely around immutable traits, rather than skill and
               | merit.
               | 
               | Disney's leaked hiring standards document earlier this
               | year is a smoking gun, and it's a safe assumption most
               | other corporations towing the same line have the same or
               | similar reprehensible hiring standards.
               | 
               | DEI is patently anti-white and anti-straight, and its
               | rhetoric and materials (everything from training to
               | editorials) are not shy about expressing it in plain
               | terms that it is a revenge campaign masked by good
               | intentions and a smile. All in a way that mirrors the
               | beginnings of 20th century atrocities around the world,
               | that were also rooted in hatred towards specific groups
               | perceived as threats to society on the basis of immutable
               | traits.
        
               | not_alexb wrote:
               | > The trans activists don't want that. Equal treatment
               | and tolerance isn't enough for them, they demand
               | dominance above all else.
               | 
               | Equal treatment and tolerance.. Ever since I started
               | transitioning, people have treated me much worse, and I
               | live in a so called liberal city. My pharmacist looks at
               | me like I'm a freak. I've had slurs thrown at me several
               | times while I'm just out minding my business. Half my
               | family wont even... I don't know what parallel universe
               | you live in where people are treated like this equally..
               | 
               | Where do you find all this time to hate on a group you
               | don't even remotely understand? I'm happier than I've
               | ever been and it seems like all of yall are making it
               | your business to make that as miserable as possible.
        
               | docmars wrote:
               | Outside of calling it hate, why do you think people even
               | in the most "allied" places respond to you in that way?
               | Do you think perhaps they're afraid they may be helping
               | an activist who may deem their services unacceptable? The
               | track record has it that in these situations, service
               | providers are at a major disadvantage, if anything
               | remotely goes wrong during their interactions.
               | 
               | If activists belonging to protected classes are creating
               | such enormous fear, do you feel misrepresented by them?
               | What are you willing to do to help remove that fear? Do
               | you think it creates an unfair imbalance?
        
               | not_alexb wrote:
               | This writing has a lot of parallels with the writings of
               | men who are scared of women after the metoo movement.
               | 
               | Anyway, you're conflating fear with disgust. I haven't
               | seen much fear, if at all; what I have seen a lot of is,
               | hate that looks the exact same as before trans activists
               | had _any_ platform.
        
               | docmars wrote:
               | Do you think that reaction is natural, given the patterns
               | and preferences of most of human society?
        
               | not_alexb wrote:
               | This has little to do with human society. Western
               | society, maybe. Plenty of other societies don't assert a
               | distinct binary for gender (which doesn't even exist in
               | sex; intersex people exist at the same rates as people
               | that are red-headed, and you wouldnt call red heads
               | unnatural).
               | 
               | Even if it was "natural" you're making the choice to
               | treat someone like shit. You can backpedal onto what all
               | your peers are doing all you want, but that doesn't
               | change how you as an individual are making another human
               | being, who has done nothing to you, feel
        
               | flFlflFl wrote:
               | > intersex people exist at the same rates as people that
               | are red-headed
               | 
               | Not true.
               | 
               | > the choice to treat someone like shit
               | 
               | Telling a man he's a man and that he's not allowed in the
               | women's locker room or whatever isn't treating him like
               | shit, it's treating him like any other man.
        
               | docmars wrote:
               | > you wouldnt call red heads unnatural
               | 
               | I'm not aware of anyone trying to alter their own genes
               | to be red-headed, and for those who dye their hair, I
               | don't see them holding parades exposing their genitalia
               | to minors. I also don't see anyone getting fired from
               | their jobs for openly disliking red hair, out of personal
               | preference.
               | 
               | > who has done nothing to you
               | 
               | Not personally, no, but fads widely supported by
               | institutions and corporations have major consequences.
               | Parents are choosing their children's gender and
               | following through with irreversible transition surgery in
               | order to gain status among their peers, politically. This
               | surgery is not only costly, but potentially lethal, given
               | how necessary it is for long-term use of antibiotics and
               | resistances that develop as a result.
        
               | sophacles wrote:
               | Why do service providers who provide inadequate service
               | need protection? They choose to be shitty service
               | providers and they suffer the consequences. Basic free-
               | market right there bud - either the market wants the same
               | thing as the activists and money, prestige, etc flow to
               | those who agree with the activists, or the market doesn't
               | want it and those service providers who the activists are
               | happy with fails.
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | > Like when we said we want to get married, we made the
               | point that this doesn't affect in any way the marriage
               | that heterosexual people have, because the rights are
               | actually the same.
               | 
               | > The trans activists don't want that. Equal treatment
               | and tolerance isn't enough for them, they demand
               | dominance above all else.
               | 
               | Gay rights opponents said the same about you. A gay man
               | and a straight man had the same right to marry a woman.
               | You denied it was equal. And a separate but mostly equal
               | status wasn't enough for you. You demanded they call it
               | marriage.
        
             | Vegenoid wrote:
             | > these personal choices are simultaneously being
             | celebrated by nearly every government institution and major
             | corporation in existence
             | 
             | This is very incorrect, and an indicator that you should
             | broaden the sources you get information from. Your other
             | comments corroborate this, you have skewed view of the
             | world that is based on looking at a small slice. It's not
             | that they're fabricating things, it's that they do not give
             | you an accurate view of the magnitudes of the forces and
             | movements in the world.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > A persons right to exist is not political
           | 
           | It is, both in the literal sense of political as "relating to
           | government or public affairs", and also quite often in the
           | frequently used sense of "controversial between political
           | parties or factions".
           | 
           | The fact that your political view is that it _should not_ be
           | political (in presumably the latter sense) does not change
           | the fact that it often factually is.
        
           | Bostonian wrote:
           | Thirty years almost everyone believed that a person's sex is
           | determined at conception and is immutable, and most people on
           | earth probably still believe that today.
        
             | polairscience wrote:
             | You're using the word sex. There is a known, massively
             | complex, relationship between sex and gender but it's not
             | 1:1. For anyone. Or, if you think that's not true, then
             | please describe to me how they're identical. In a group of
             | men, in any place in the world, you'll find wildly varying
             | accounts of what the male gender "is" all the way down to
             | how their bodies should look.
             | 
             | And, gender aside, the most important thing to consider is
             | the existence of intersex people, the diaspora of their
             | bodies, and to consider how you think we should talk about
             | them. Sex is, even outside gender, in fact not immutable.
             | It's biology. These people are also historically
             | denigrated.
             | 
             | Please imagine how ~150 years ago we collectively thought
             | (and some people still think) that a person's race
             | determined their intelligence. Historically "fundamental
             | truths" usually end up with people being thought of as
             | subhuman. The "fundamental truth" of sex, as it's presented
             | by those who consider trans folks not people, is the same
             | sort of truth. Biological sex is a spectrum, demonstrably.
             | Gender is also demonstrably a spectrum. I don't care what
             | people believe sex is or isn't. I care that we treat
             | everyone, no matter how "weird" with respect.
        
           | demosthanos wrote:
           | It's a lot more complicated than that. What constitutes a
           | human right is deeply tied up in questions of ethics that are
           | not settled and have no universal acceptance even within a
           | single culture. Any given person will have deep feelings
           | about the human rights that their ethical framework demands,
           | but those deep feelings will often contradict the deeply held
           | feelings of other people.
           | 
           | This means that which ethical framework we as a society use
           | to decide what counts as a human right is an inherently
           | political question: it's a decision that we try to make as a
           | society in as nonviolent a manner as possible.
           | 
           | And before we get too far off the deep end, I want to note
           | that _both_ sides of the aisle firmly believe that the other
           | side ignores fundamental human rights that their side
           | respects. This is what happens when good people operate with
           | completely opposite ethical frameworks, and we won 't get
           | anywhere by just shouting that our framework is the only
           | valid one.
        
           | umvi wrote:
           | > A persons right to exist is not political
           | 
           | I don't think anyone disagrees with that, I think the
           | disagreement comes from the way that activists insist that
           | the best solution for treating [gender dysphoria, etc] is to
           | "socially and heavy handedly force everyone to complete the
           | illusion by treating transgender individuals as
           | indistinguishable from their biological counterparts in every
           | way". That's not the only solution for treating [gender
           | dysphoria, etc], just the current (and perhaps uniquely)
           | American one, and it comes with a variety of problems the
           | obvious of which stem from significant biological factors
           | that make the illusion impossible to complete (sports, etc).
        
             | yawpitch wrote:
             | > sports, etc
             | 
             | Just going to keep pointing out that human beings have
             | _very_ little sexual dimorphism compared to the other great
             | apes, and that any difference is any sport that does not
             | actually employ the genitals is probably more down to food
             | access and /or training disparities than actual
             | "significant" biological factors.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | > probably more down to food access and/or training
               | disparities than actual "significant" biological factors.
               | 
               | I'm not really going to defend the other side here
               | because sports are (by definition) fundamentally
               | arbitrary, but is this really borne out by reality? To
               | use an easy comparison, elite adult womens' track and
               | field athletes might be competitive against high school
               | boys, but not at any higher level. Compare, for example,
               | the international womens' records [0] to the records from
               | this random high school nationals track meet [1]. What
               | food access and/or training advantage are high school
               | kids going to have over the most capable athletes in
               | their sport?
               | 
               | [0] https://trackandfieldnews.com/records/womens-world-
               | records/
               | 
               | [1] https://nbnationalsout.com/results-and-records
        
               | Chris2048 wrote:
               | > any difference is any sport ... is probably more down
               | to food access and/or training disparities than actual
               | "significant" biological factors.
               | 
               | Citation definitely needed. The gap is large, and
               | consistent, across different nations and sports.
        
               | poszlem wrote:
               | I'm sorry, but this is demonstrably not true.
               | 
               | We would not have this in the year 2024 otherwise:
               | https://boysvswomen.com/
        
             | cararemixed wrote:
             | The sports claim still deserves a lot of research. People
             | seem to continue to parrot this "impossible" view point but
             | it really doesn't seem to be the reality. Instead
             | organizations get pressured into making choices based on
             | political views rather than data.
             | 
             | For an example of results see
             | https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/58/11/586. A lot of the papers
             | I see trying to support the opposing views try to use data
             | of cis men which have not undergone hormone therapy to
             | stand-in for trans women as if there was no difference but
             | again it's quite apparent that this is not the case.
             | 
             | For many other areas, often people will use one incident to
             | collectively label an entire group as deviant. This
             | happened the same way with gay rights over the years and
             | I've got many friends who got labelled all sorts of things
             | because of it. As far as that's concerned, people love to
             | arm-chair what is and isn't an effective course. None of
             | these things are new, just American, or ignoring biological
             | factors but it seems like those who would like to restrict
             | acceptance of transgender people like to paint it as such.
             | 
             | Many of my friends have taught me a lot just by being bold
             | enough to be seen as themselves. I don't think it's
             | actually unreasonable to extend the benefit of the doubt to
             | how trans people choose to affirm themselves.
        
         | nh23423fefe wrote:
         | But its still completely orthogonal. I don't see how "the work
         | [I] do" ... "enables trodden people to escape this tyranny"
         | 
         | Everything isn't politics and its ok to have a space where
         | arguments about identity and politics aren't constantly
         | surfaced.
        
         | bigstrat2003 wrote:
         | > any work you do is intertwined with politics.
         | 
         | That simply is not true. Apolitical topics do exist, and it is
         | incredibly annoying when people try to force politics into an
         | apolitical topic (looking at you, Rust community).
        
           | moomin wrote:
           | I mean, treating people with a modicum of respect shouldn't
           | be a political position, and it's hardly the Rust community's
           | fault that it is.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | no kidding - even if politics exist in the subject you are
             | always free to not accept it and rise above.
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | Can you give an example of an apolitical topic?
           | 
           | EDIT: unfortunately I can't reply to the comments as I have
           | been banned
           | 
           | EDIT 2: I have been banned to reply to the commenter, dang
           | told me
           | 
           | EDIT 3: dang has now wiped all the upvotes on this message
           | and given me 2 extra downvotes and suddenly another comment I
           | made mentioning him in a totally different thread has been
           | mass downvoted
        
             | dpkirchner wrote:
             | There isn't one. It's the very nature of politics that it
             | affects everything we humans do.
        
             | analognoise wrote:
             | Almost everything can be discussed in an apolitical way -
             | you just don't talk politics. It isn't a logic puzzle.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Yes you can decide not to mention the politics inherent
               | in the thing but that doesn't mean it isn't there. I'm
               | wondering if the person I'm replying to can produce a
               | thing where it truly isn't there
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Providing memory safety in computer languages?
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | You are making governments secret agencies work harder.
               | So, not apolitical.
        
             | nicolas_t wrote:
             | I don't think you've been banned. There's some mechanism to
             | rate limit replies in HN to prevent flamewars so maybe
             | that's what you're seeing?
        
             | dang wrote:
             | I don't believe I told you that, because our software
             | doesn't work that way.
             | 
             | Your account is rate-limited though. We rate limit accounts
             | when they post too many low-quality comments and/or get
             | involved in flamewars. That's probably what I told you.
        
           | polairscience wrote:
           | While I agree that a community needs to focus on its central
           | goal (developing the rust programming language in this case),
           | I think I have a very good litmus test for what you think
           | "apolitical" means:
           | 
           | Let's say Lynn were a rust developer and felt as though the
           | the tone of the community and the discussion of her work made
           | her feel unwelcome. Let's say Lynn spoke out against that.
           | Would you entertain that conversation? I imagine that is not
           | too far from what happened at IBM when Lynn was fired. When
           | is it "allowed" to be political in your mind?
           | 
           | Intentionally addressing the ability of marginalized people
           | to be a part of a community, in my mind, is precisely
           | apolitical. If it's clear that anyone is welcome then you
           | don't really need to talk about politics, do you.
        
             | IncreasePosts wrote:
             | In that example, it seems politics were already allowed, if
             | people were saying things to make Hypothetical Lynn
             | uncomfortable.
             | 
             | Presumably that kind of talk was about transgender issues
             | and not some technical topic about rust which would make
             | her uncomfortable.
             | 
             | So, in that circumstance, it seems only fair that if a
             | person can express their political opinion, so can another
             | person.
             | 
             | But,maybe the leader of the project should have shutdown
             | whatever was making Hypothetical Lynn uncomfortable before
             | she was forced to mount a response to it?
        
           | quantified wrote:
           | Topics yes. Work is much more than a topic. Mathematical
           | equations and solutions are apolitical (in the abstract).
           | Teaching math and working in any communal research setting
           | will be political, for example can you teach these things to
           | that age group/population, how do you test, etc.
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | Open-source projects depend on their community and
           | contributors, and community management is inherently
           | political. No matter what "neutral" thing you do, some
           | contributors will approve of that, and some will see it as a
           | red flag.
           | 
           | Even saying "no politics!" will be seen by some people a
           | political stance -- as an approval of the status quo (which
           | may be unfavorable to some groups of people), or even as a
           | denial that certain social problems exist, and a red flag
           | that you won't help them if someone discriminates against
           | them.
           | 
           | Even in a "no politics" environment the you will end up
           | having to decide what is "political" and what isn't, and that
           | is a political stance! Someone will have a Bible quote in
           | their email signature -- is that neutral or political? Then
           | is Quran okay too, or rainbow emoji? And when you tell people
           | to stop this circus, the "no politics" policy itself will be
           | questioned as a political stance against free speech, freedom
           | of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of association,
           | etc.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > Open-source projects depend on their community and
             | contributors, and community management is inherently
             | political. No matter what "neutral" thing you do, some
             | contributors will approve of that, and some will see it as
             | a red flag.
             | 
             | There's this saying some people have, "there's three things
             | you don't talk about at work: sex, politics and religion".
             | (I think an older version had "money" instead of "sex"-from
             | the days when sex wasn't talked about so much that we
             | didn't even talk about the fact that we didn't talk about
             | it.)
             | 
             | And it isn't necessarily bad advice. Do we really want
             | heated workplace arguments about Israel-and-Palestine,
             | Biden-vs-Trump, etc? We have to work with people who have
             | completely different views from us on big picture political
             | issues. Sometimes it is better we just agree to disagree
             | and focus on what we have in common - airing those
             | disagreements in detail can just produce negative feelings
             | and disruption.
             | 
             | But of course, every office, every open source project has
             | politics. But that's the thing, people traditionally draw a
             | distinction between "micropolitics" (the politics of our
             | workplace) and "macropolitics" (national politics,
             | geopolitics). You cannot escape micropolitics, it is
             | everywhere, it is inevitable. But macropolitics, yes, we
             | should avoid it at work whenever possible.
             | 
             | Of course, people will then bring up "the personal is the
             | political", and it is true. Transgender issues, for
             | example: a big political controversy, but obviously for
             | transgender people a very personal one.
             | 
             | However, even there, I think there is a useful distinction.
             | A transgender employee isn't breaking the "no macropolitics
             | at work" rule by being transgender, or talking about their
             | personal experiences, or so on. But, consider Lynn Conway's
             | public campaigns against the psychologist J. Michael Bailey
             | and the sexologist Ray Blanchard - even though that was
             | obviously very personal for her, it wouldn't have been
             | appropriate for her to carry it on at work. Well, she
             | actually did use her UMich web page for those campaigns,
             | but the norms about this are different in academia than in
             | your average workplace.
             | 
             | And politics is personal for all kinds of people: I
             | remember back in 2010 when the Israeli military intercepted
             | the "Gaza Freedom Flotilla", the team I was in at the time
             | had some very heated discussion over it. Afterwards, a
             | Jewish team member talked to me privately, and I could tell
             | the whole discussion had made him feel rather
             | uncomfortable, because it felt personal to him. And one of
             | the other participants in the conversation was Palestinian,
             | so it was obviously personal to him too. But still, in
             | hindsight I wish the whole discussion had never happened,
             | and I regret my own (rather peripheral) role in it. We
             | broke the "no politics at work" rule, and it did pointless
             | harm to our cohesion as a team.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | I don't think it's feasible to separate technology from the
         | people themselves. What we do, in some way or the other touches
         | people, real people, people with feelings, dreams and
         | aspirations.
         | 
         | To ignore where such contributions to humanity come from, is to
         | ignore a person's existence, their struggles and what makes
         | them, well, them.
         | 
         | I recently stumbled on [1],
         | 
         | > I'm on the board overseeing Linux graphics. Half of us are
         | trans.
         | 
         | which is a reminder that so many years later, the same issues,
         | vitriol and discrimination that Lynn dealt with still plague
         | us. What are we, if we can not show empathy to people who
         | struggle with something as fundamental as their gender
         | identity? Who are we to deny them the life they want to lead
         | every day? Who are we to dehumanize others?
         | 
         | [1] https://rosenzweig.io/blog/growing-up-alyssa.html
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | I didn't know much about Conway but read the wikipedia page
         | after seeing this post. My take-away was the thing to celebrate
         | was that someone could accomplish so much & have such a
         | meaningful impact despite the politics and environment - wow!
         | These contributions stand on their own regardless of how/when
         | or where they were accomplished. This is an amazing piece of
         | evidence in support of equality in origin and opportunity.
        
         | poszlem wrote:
         | "Any work you do is intertwined with politics."
         | 
         | This thought-terminating cliche is bafflingly popular on HN.
         | It's a classic example of the motte-and-bailey fallacy, where
         | the strong claim (the motte) is "everything is political," and
         | the strong claim is "therefore, it's okay to bring politics
         | into everything." (the bailey).
         | 
         | Sure, you can MAKE anything appear political, but not
         | everything is intertwined with politics. Many activities are
         | driven purely by personal interest, scientific curiosity, or
         | artistic expression, without any direct political implications.
        
       | rockenman1234 wrote:
       | May she rest in peace, her achievements and contributions to the
       | field of computing are unfortunately unknown to those outside of
       | the field - but impacted so much more than just computing.
        
       | tzs wrote:
       | > When nearing retirement, Conway learned that the story of her
       | early work at IBM might soon be revealed through the
       | investigations of Mark Smotherman that were being prepared for a
       | 2001 publication
       | 
       | That kind of makes it sound like Smotherman was poking around
       | trying to find Conway's secrets. What was actually happening is
       | that he was trying to research an early IBM supercomputer
       | project, but was not having much luck. There was very little
       | published information, and IBM had apparently lost its records.
       | Smotherman asked on the net for help and Conway responded and
       | gave him a massive amount of information.
       | 
       | Here's an article that provides more information [1]. Here's the
       | first few paragraphs:
       | 
       | > Late in 1998, a young researcher delving into the secret
       | history of a 30-year-old supercomputer project at IBM published
       | an appeal for help. As Mark Smotherman explained in an Internet
       | posting, he knew that the project had pioneered several
       | supercomputing technologies. But beyond that, the trail was cold.
       | IBM itself appeared to have lost all record of the work, as if
       | having experienced a corporate lobotomy. Published details were
       | sketchy and its chronology full of holes. He had been unable to
       | find anyone with full knowledge of what had once been called
       | "Project Y."
       | 
       | > Within a few days, a cryptic e-mail arrived at Smotherman's
       | Clemson University office in South Carolina. The sender was Lynn
       | Conway, one of the most distinguished American women in computer
       | science. She seemed not only to know the entire history of
       | Project Y, but to possess reams of material about it.
       | 
       | > Over the next few weeks, Conway helped Smotherman fill in many
       | of the gaps, but her knowledge presented him with another
       | mystery: How did she know? There was no mention of her name in
       | any of the team rosters. Nor was any association with IBM
       | mentioned in her published resume or in the numerous articles
       | about her in technical journals. When he probed, she would reply
       | only that she had worked at the company under a different name--
       | and her tone made it clear there was no point in asking further.
       | 
       | > What Smotherman could not know was that his appeal for strictly
       | technical information had presented Lynn Conway with a deeply
       | personal dilemma. She was eager for the story of IBM's project to
       | emerge and for her own role in the work to be celebrated, not
       | suppressed. But she knew that could not happen without opening a
       | door on her past she had kept locked for more than 30 years.
       | 
       | > Only after agonizing for weeks did Conway telephone Smotherman
       | and unburden herself of an extraordinary story.
       | 
       | > "You see," she began, "when I was at IBM, I was a boy."
       | 
       | [1] https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-
       | xpm-2000-nov-19-tm-54188...
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing those details, I didn't know that. I
         | learned and grew so much by reading Lynn's autobiography, but
         | there's so much in there and it's so deep and personal, that
         | it's hard to get my head around how amazing and difficult a
         | life she had, and details like that help.
         | 
         | I was researching some of the names that Alan Kay mentioned in
         | his classic paper about the history of Smalltalk and his 1993
         | interview with Yoot Saito, and discovered another amazingly
         | accomplished trans woman at Xerox PARC, Diana Merry-Shapiro,
         | who co-invented BitBlt, and wrote one of the first systems for
         | overlapping windows for Smalltalk, and the Smalltalk code
         | editor.
         | 
         | https://github.com/YootTowerManagement/YootTower/blob/main/Y...
         | 
         | Diana Merry-Shapiro (Xerox PARC):
         | 
         | A member of the Learning Research Group, she significantly
         | contributed to the development, testing, and application of the
         | Smalltalk system, focusing on educational technology and
         | learning methodologies. Her involvement was pivotal in
         | integrating and refining the BitBLT graphics operation,
         | enhancing the system's capabilities in graphical manipulation
         | and display.
         | 
         | Diana Merry
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Merry
         | 
         | SMALLTALK AT 50
         | 
         | https://computerhistory.org/blog/smalltalk-at-50/
         | 
         | >The second half of the reunion event reunited members of Alan
         | Kay's Learning Research Group. After a brief introductory video
         | featuring Diana Merry-Shapiro and her memories of what she
         | worked on at PARC, Dave Robson hosted a discussion with Dan
         | Ingalls, Ted Kaehler, and Glenn Krasner.
         | 
         | Oral History of Diana Merry Shapiro
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sTUaO3PNkQ
         | 
         | Casa Susanna:
         | 
         | https://www.hammertonail.com/reviews/casa-susanna/
         | 
         | Review: 'Casa Susanna,' starring Katherine Cummings, Diana
         | Merry-Shapiro, Betsy Wollheim and Gregory Bagarozy:
         | 
         | https://culturemixonline.com/review-casa-susanna-starring-ka...
         | 
         | Dr. Vanessa Freudenberg is another amazing successful trans
         | woman programmer in the Smalltalk world who's done all kinds of
         | groundbreaking work with Alan Kay, Smalltalk, Squeak, SqueakJS,
         | Viewpoints Research, Croquet, Harc, OLPC, and is quite open and
         | extremely happy about her transition in 2020.
         | 
         | https://www.freudenbergs.de/bert/
         | 
         | Here's Yoot Saito's 1993 interview with Alan Kay, when he was
         | visiting Japan with Douglass Engelbart, and Yoot was working
         | for MacWorld Japan. He also has interviews with Douglass
         | Engelbart, Joanna Hoffman, Steve Wozniak, and Bill Atkinson
         | that I hope to dig up and publish, since they were only
         | published decades ago in Japan.
         | 
         | https://github.com/YootTowerManagement/YootTower/blob/main/Y...
         | 
         | Here's Alan Kay's history of Smalltalk paper that Brett Victor
         | put online in html, and I'm working on transcribing and
         | formatting the appendices that are missing from that.
         | 
         | https://worrydream.com/EarlyHistoryOfSmalltalk/
        
           | dannyobrien wrote:
           | Without wishing to categorize all of these important woman
           | into the same story, another key trans figure in early
           | personal computing is Sophie Wilson[1], who co-designed the
           | ARM instruction set (and, as important for many, designed the
           | OS for the BBC Microcomputer, including the font).
           | 
           | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Wilson
        
             | tylersmith wrote:
             | It's so cool how so many important women in computing are
             | trans women.
        
               | hackermatic wrote:
               | Honestly, yeah -- it's not a cheat code, it's facing two
               | sets of pressures from discrimination, not seeing many
               | like you in your field, what you deal with outside of the
               | workplace, etc. And it helped me to see how many people
               | before me succeeded regardless of all that; learning
               | about Lynn Conway ~15 years ago was really important to
               | me.
        
       | atregir wrote:
       | What a terribly difficult life and yet with so many great
       | achievements. An inspiration!
        
       | oldgregg wrote:
       | #1 Most Talented Female Engineer
        
         | BSDobelix wrote:
         | Stop putting peoples on #1 there are surprising examples, there
         | is no #1 in any field, tesla, einstein or:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr#Inventing_career
         | 
         | https://www.inventionandtech.com/content/hedy-lamarr-radio-c...
         | 
         | ;)
        
           | astrodust wrote:
           | Einstein wasn't even the best Einstein, that was that Super
           | Dave Osborne!
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Dave_Osborne
        
       | HenryBemis wrote:
       | How life plays things out...
       | 
       | I was told earlier today that my best friend in this world has
       | died. We haven't talked for the past 4-5 days (we usually catch
       | up on the weekends - but this past weekend he had a packed
       | concert-going-schedule - we live in different countries so I
       | couldn't join).
       | 
       | What sucks the most is that we use(d) Signal, and we have
       | autodestruct every 2 days so apart from some really old emails, I
       | got nothing left from him, and our frequent "correspondence".
       | 
       | I am using the "Henry Bemis" moniker because he was making fun of
       | me and my reading and I was making fun of him and his frequent
       | cinema-going (and we both loved THAT episode of the Twilight Zone
       | - Time enough at last)(great episode btw!!)
       | 
       | And now I got into HN and I saw the black banner on top and I
       | thought "WTF is going on today with the deaths!" and my stomach
       | got a bit tighter.
       | 
       | It sucks when people we love die. It's what Keanu said to Colbert
       | "those who love us will miss us".
       | 
       | My friend also "..would like to live five lives in the course of
       | one life", but alas, he managed to live half of it.
       | 
       | Farewell to those who fade/reincarnate/cross the river Styx/go to
       | hell/go to paradise.. we will miss them.
       | 
       | I don't maintain a blog, so I'll be keeping this bookmarked.
       | Apologies for the 'spam', I wanted to get this out of my system.
       | 
       | Anyway, sorry to hear Lynn Conway has died, looked technology
       | just lost a great contributor.
        
         | shafyy wrote:
         | I'm sorry for your loss!
        
         | sophacles wrote:
         | To lose a friend like that sucks. I'm sorry for your loss.
        
       | fwungy wrote:
       | When people try to say that women are not as good in technical
       | pursuits as men I always pointed out Lynn Conway. Truly an epic
       | career and woman!
        
       | sspiff wrote:
       | I never heard of her before today, despite having been interested
       | and educated, and employed in computer science for so long.
       | 
       | What a truly impressive list of achievements, and achieving such
       | great things before, during and after transition gender in the
       | 60s of all things.
       | 
       | I can't imagine what they would have done without being hampered
       | by the social stigma and discrimination they must have faced.
       | 
       | It saddens me that I have only learned of her existence now, at
       | her passing. RIP.
        
       | Aloha wrote:
       | This appears to the the source Wikipedia is citing -
       | http://www.myhusbandbetty.com/wordPressNEW/2024/06/11/lynn-c...
        
       | bradneuberg wrote:
       | Did Conway's Law originate with Lynn Conway?
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | No, Conway's Law[1] is attributed to Melvin Conway, a different
         | computer Scientist. Also unrelated to either Lynn Conway, or
         | Melvin Conway, is Conway's Life, which is named for John
         | Conway[2]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_law
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Horton_Conway
        
           | ncm140 wrote:
           | But she coined "The Conway Effect"
           | 
           | When "others" (such as women and people of color) make
           | innovative contributions in scientific and technical fields,
           | they often "disappear" from later history and their
           | contributions are ascribed elsewhere. This is seldom
           | deliberate--rather, it's a result of the accumulation of
           | advantage by those who are expected to innovate. This article
           | chronicles an example of such a disappearance and introduces
           | the Conway Effect to elucidate the disappearance process.
           | 
           | https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2018/10/mco2018100.
           | ..
        
       | orsenthil wrote:
       | RIP, Lynn Conway.
       | 
       | For those had a doubt like me, it is different Conway than
       | another computer scientist,John Horton Conway (26 December 1937 -
       | 11 April 2020) famous for "Conway's Game of Life".
        
       | whoknowsidont wrote:
       | I'm ashamed to say I did not know about this person before today;
       | what an interesting life she led.
       | 
       | A true giant both for industry and people.
       | 
       | Shame on all of "us" for missing the date.
        
         | ncm140 wrote:
         | It's such a tragedy. She has an explanation, called "The Conway
         | Effect."
         | 
         | She wrote about it 2018.
         | 
         | "When "others" (such as women and people of color) make
         | innovative contributions in scientific and technical fields,
         | they often "disappear" from later history and their
         | contributions are ascribed elsewhere. This is seldom deliberate
         | --rather, it's a result of the accumulation of advantage by
         | those who are expected to innovate. This article chronicles an
         | example of such a disappearance and introduces the Conway
         | Effect to elucidate the disappearance process."
         | 
         | https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2018/10/mco2018100...
        
       | ncm140 wrote:
       | One of the world's most inspiring people. I had the privilege of
       | getting to know her to write a profile for a University of
       | Michigan alumni magazine more than a decade ago:
       | https://news.engin.umich.edu/2014/10/life-engineered/
        
         | ncm140 wrote:
         | My favorite thing she said was "Why not question everything?"
         | It stuck with me ever since.
        
       | chaosmanorism wrote:
       | Don't forget Rule 30!
        
       | soperj wrote:
       | I feel like in this instance, IBM actually did us all a favour.
       | Instead of being stuck in IBM, she went on to do many great
       | things. They really check all the boxes though, helping Nazi
       | Germany, Apartheid...
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We detached this comment from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40649014.
         | 
         | I'm sure you didn't intend to post yet-another flamewar tangent
         | but that's what this would lead to in the limit case.
        
       | SpaceManNabs wrote:
       | lots of progress in transgender issues since then because of
       | people like lynn conway. Because of people like her, fewer people
       | will lose their careers (or have to rebuild) or kids just because
       | they corrected their gender.
        
       | haeberli wrote:
       | I worked for / with Lynn at Xerox PARC from 1980 - 1982. She will
       | be missed.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-06-11 23:00 UTC)