[HN Gopher] First chip-based 3D printer is smaller than a coin w...
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       First chip-based 3D printer is smaller than a coin with no moving
       parts
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 72 points
       Date   : 2024-06-10 12:19 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tomshardware.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tomshardware.com)
        
       | cdaringe wrote:
       | I thought "surely this title is a typo or clickbait."
       | 
       | Nope, it is correct. Pretty wild, albeit still very much a POC.
        
         | asynchronous wrote:
         | Except it is pretty much just a laser, and requires a vat of
         | resin to actually produce anything. Still impressive actually,
         | but it's no tiny FDM.
        
           | jmholla wrote:
           | Yea. This is more of a printer head. It'd be neat to have a
           | bunch of these in one printer and drastically speed up print
           | speeds.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | The missing punctuation in the HN title had me wondering what
         | coins have moving parts?
        
         | mypalmike wrote:
         | Except it really is clickbait. It's a really cool development
         | in 3D print technology, but it's not a tiny printer.
        
       | smusamashah wrote:
       | Original linked MIT article[1] has a little better explanation of
       | how this light beam is controlled.                   The
       | researchers use electrical signals to nonmechanically steer the
       | light beam, causing the resin to solidify wherever the beam
       | strikes it.              the researchers used liquid crystal to
       | fashion compact modulators they integrate onto the chip. The
       | material's unique optical properties enable the modulators to be
       | extremely efficient and only about 20 microns in length.
       | A single waveguide on the chip holds the light from the off-chip
       | laser. Running along the waveguide are tiny taps which tap off a
       | little bit of light to each of the antennas.              The
       | researchers actively tune the modulators using an electric field,
       | which reorients the liquid crystal molecules in a certain
       | direction. In this way, they can precisely control the amplitude
       | and phase of light being routed to the antennas.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.mit.edu/2024/researchers-demonstrate-first-
       | chip...
        
         | kunalgupta wrote:
         | perfect thank you
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | So this is more of a 3d _printer head_ rather than a proper 3d
         | printer? It would still need external moving parts to handle
         | the resin and such.
        
           | neltnerb wrote:
           | Correct, the resin is not part of the chip.
           | 
           | It controls the phase of the light as well as the intensity,
           | which is novel compared to a galvo. The paper suggested
           | holographic curing, which sounds like a joke but it seems is
           | a real thing where they use three photons to cure and
           | controlling phase lets them do that somehow. But it's only
           | kind of mentioned offhand, so I'm not sure how serious they
           | are about it.
        
             | timschmidt wrote:
             | Sounds similar to what these guys are up to:
             | https://xolo3d.com/
             | 
             | They have a novel photoinitiator which requires light from
             | two different wavelengths to initiate polymerization. They
             | currently scan a plane of laser light through a static
             | resin vat while projecting a 2D video through the same vat.
        
               | neltnerb wrote:
               | Looks very cool, thanks! Yeah, that's the kind of thing I
               | mean, it sounds like there are a few ways to do it.
               | 
               | The paper cites
               | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.3c01263 which
               | is triplet even, though who knows what the research group
               | would do if they actually implemented it...
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | From what I got, it replaces the printer head _plus the
           | entire positioning assembly_ of the head. It 's still not the
           | entire printer, but it would massively simplify the
           | mechanical construction.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | So it's a non-mechanical galvanometer replacement for steering
         | a laser. Very cool, but that's like one small part of a 3D
         | printer. Also wonder if it can steer in 2 dimensions, or if you
         | need 2 of these, or is that not possible? Can it be used for
         | ILDA laser shows?
        
       | ItsABytecode wrote:
       | I think still need some moving parts for the build plate if you
       | want to cure more than 1 layer of resin
       | 
       | Edit: from the MIT article, it sounds like the goal is to
       | eventually use a hologram to cure the entire print at once.
       | Related video: https://youtu.be/Ha0QA7iLGy8?si=wWSqex16ybyUDWxE
        
       | aftbit wrote:
       | AIUI, resin 3d printers currently either use a UV laser and a set
       | of galvos to steer it across the build plate, or a bright UV LED
       | and an LCD to selectively admit and block light to various parts
       | of the plate. The laser approach is higher performance but more
       | fiddly and expensive, while the LCD approach is simpler to set up
       | but has a shorter service life (due to UV degradation of the LCD)
       | and produces lower light intensities at the build plate.
       | 
       | I have often wondered why nobody uses the DMD approach[1] common
       | to digital laser projectors. This sounds something like that,
       | albeit with the mirrors replaced with this LCD magic.
       | 
       | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_micromirror_device
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | Carbon3D use micromirror arrays IIRC.
        
         | themoonisachees wrote:
         | Plenty of brands offer DLP-based printers, like the elegoo mars
         | 4 DLP.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | a dmd has thousands or millions of moving parts though; i think
         | this is a phased array instead
        
       | etrautmann wrote:
       | This is cool but the miniaturization and integration of the
       | optics doesn't result in a functioning printer. You still need
       | the bath of resin and the printer. The headline is like saying
       | you'd have a coin sized printer if you only focus on an inkjet
       | head.
        
       | lawlessone wrote:
       | It's just a laser diode?
        
       | robust-cactus wrote:
       | The form factor here is cool, but as someone whose been resin
       | printing a bunch lately, the pitch to carry it around in your
       | pocket sounds questionable.
       | 
       | 1. Where are you going to store the resin? It isn't good to touch
       | it. Are they also expecting people to carry around somewhat toxic
       | resin in their other pocket and then make a little puddle on the
       | ground to print? Resin printing is messy and cleaning is hard.
       | Make sure to carry isopropyl alcohol in your other pocket.
       | 
       | 2. It produces toxic fumes while printing that you need to
       | exhaust. So you at least need a mask.
       | 
       | 3. It takes hours to print on a large machine: you need a model
       | file, to edit the model to print in resin well and then the
       | actual print can be multiple hours long. Not to mention multiple
       | print failures which is often the case.
       | 
       | Everything mentioned about the surgical application sounds
       | possible today, but it's still not fast enough or reliable enough
       | in that scenario. Also... Resin isn't that strong, you want to
       | graft it to a bone, what?
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | Raw materials aside, a tiny printer can go places a large
         | printer cannot. Space? Deep sea? Inside other machines? Or on
         | the tip of a robotic arm to do print little parts right onto
         | their permanent place like a spider placing silk? Who knows!?
         | 99% sure the "in your pocket" statement is more like "smaller
         | than a breadbox", as in, it's plain-as-day comparisons of size,
         | not use.
        
           | robust-cactus wrote:
           | The size of the printing mechanism is an innovation for sure,
           | but I think after you add up all the other components to make
           | a functioning printer you end up at nearly the same size: a
           | resin vat, space to print, various leveling mechanisms,
           | filters, UV light shield etc - the form factor doesn't really
           | change all that much.
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | If you think 3D printing is always going to be on a flat
             | bed of the same size using the same amounts of material,
             | then yeah, minimizing the printing mechanism sure seems
             | like a non-necessary improvement. But that's not the
             | intended use case anyway. It can only print small things.
             | Maybe it can add tiny details or structures to large prints
             | though
        
               | araes wrote:
               | > Maybe it can add tiny details or structures to large
               | prints though
               | 
               | Combine it with their rather enthusiastic article on
               | printing your own children
               | 
               | https://www.tomshardware.com/3d-printing/elegoo-
               | making-3d-pr...
               | 
               | > Just imagine printing a piece of furniture, a near
               | life-size statue, ...
               | 
               | "Such a lifelike figurine, with real plastic spaceship
               | accessory"
               | 
               | https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/zPi4gpbczzvoGR34Rds7D8-
               | 120...
               | 
               | If the Galaxy Quest aliens happen to glance this way
               | lately...
        
               | robust-cactus wrote:
               | Hmmmm interesting. I can see a use case for like a drone
               | or small robot to have one of these attached to add
               | details all over the place. Ok you've convinced me it's
               | cool lol
        
             | dgacmu wrote:
             | Imagine the equivalent of endoscopy: being able to insert a
             | small tube inside of an object and print structures larger
             | than the tube inside of them.
             | 
             | Obviously, that requires a lot more than just this, but
             | it's intriguing to think about being able to perform
             | internal repairs of nearly-sealed objects.
             | 
             | Or print a kitten inside a bottle, for those old enough to
             | catch the bonsai kitten reference. ;)
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | Resin isn't toxic. The problem is that resin can cure under
         | your skin and the only way to get rid of the resin is for your
         | immune system to do it. So people develop allergies against
         | cured resin, which tends to cause more damage than the resin
         | itself. Even after you have developed a resin allergy, there is
         | generally no long term damage as long as you stay away from it
         | and don't trigger your allergy.
        
           | bn-l wrote:
           | That does sound pretty toxic to be fair.
        
       | kunalgupta wrote:
       | can't read article without constantly clicking ads, blocked toms
       | hardware
        
       | jjk166 wrote:
       | Optical phased arrays are a really cool emerging technology, and
       | this is one of the silliest possible applications for them.
        
       | iamleppert wrote:
       | Thinking machines, super computers. Your Scientists Were So
       | Preoccupied With Whether Or Not They Could, They Didn't Stop To
       | Think If They Should !
        
       | barfbagginus wrote:
       | What is neat is that this could potentially project a
       | configurable hologram!
       | 
       | You could partially cure the bottom layer, pull that layer up,
       | then finish curing that layer while forming the next layer. This
       | could significantly accelerate the print speed!
        
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       (page generated 2024-06-11 23:02 UTC)