[HN Gopher] Economic Termites: Monopolies not noticeable enough ...
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       Economic Termites: Monopolies not noticeable enough for most of us
        
       Author : passwordoops
       Score  : 334 points
       Date   : 2024-06-09 11:57 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thebignewsletter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thebignewsletter.com)
        
       | baggy_trough wrote:
       | The provided examples don't hold a candle to the termite-gnawing
       | power of the armies of government bureaucrats and lawyers that
       | are the real source of the cost explosion.
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | I hear this a lot whenever antitrust is brought up. Do you have
         | concrete examples of how, say, the DMV or Kansas Board of
         | Consumer Welfare costs society more that, say, UnitedHealth's
         | price gouging, Microsoft's SaaS, or Google and Apple's backdoor
         | deals with Apple or Amazon's practices?
        
           | willcipriano wrote:
           | War is probably the largest line item for most people. Losing
           | decades long wars is expensive. You have the social decay
           | that comes with focusing abroad rather than at home.
           | Homelessness, drug addiction (my friends probably were killed
           | by heroin made from poppies that a marine was tasked with
           | protecting, maybe some of yours too)
           | 
           | Running a close second (maybe first) is regulatory capture,
           | things like patents and certificates of need. Requirements
           | for patented safety features in cars, patents on medicine,
           | copyright on characters your grandma grew up with.
        
           | VincentEvans wrote:
           | Haha, DMV... I just moved to North Carolina, and the next
           | available appointment at the DMV to change the address on my
           | driver license is in September (it's beginning of June as I
           | am writing this).
           | 
           | When I moved the last time in a different state - the
           | appointment to change my address on my driver license was
           | same week and took about 15 mins, most of which I spent
           | trying to get a decent picture.
           | 
           | So I "know" it doesn't take very long to print a plastic
           | card.
        
             | passwordoops wrote:
             | Ever try to reach Google customer support?
        
             | Closi wrote:
             | Doesnt that likely demonstrate insufficient
             | resource/capacity rather than OPs point that there are too
             | many bureaucrats?
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | In my country, you wouldn't need an in person
               | 'appointment' to merely change an address on a driving
               | license.
               | 
               | Seems rather inefficient to have offices all over the
               | state, appointments, inefficiencies like missed
               | appointments, and the waste of citizens' time, for a
               | process that can be done by mail.
        
               | yuliyp wrote:
               | Moving states requires validating the information from
               | the previous state too. It's not a matter of the new
               | state just updating an entry in its database. It's an
               | entirely new entry. Given that, in person validation
               | makes sense.
               | 
               | Moving within a state is simpler, and indeed can be done
               | online in most states.
               | 
               | Granted in many countries there's a national ID system.
               | Also a part of the point of government-issued IDs is that
               | there's more validation around its issuance, and many
               | other parts of society take advantage of that.
        
               | teitoklien wrote:
               | Maybe there are too many bureaucrats that all the
               | expenses are bloated and funding payroll of unproductive
               | gov workers.
               | 
               | Personally ive found that to be more true in most
               | countries.
               | 
               | Civil service/Gov workers get tons of new unnecessary
               | roles with bloated titles for departments that barely do
               | anything, just to maintain a cycle of promotion, to keep
               | the gov workforce "motivated".
               | 
               | Not that i disagree that United Health is price gouging
               | that there are way too many corrupt unnatural
               | monopolistic companies preventing america from growing
               | fast and allowing innovation to take place.
               | 
               | I think both things are true at the same time.
               | 
               | Talk to any gov department and they'll often tell you,
               | the budgeting is structured in a horrible way that it
               | encourages them to do wasteful spending, they must keep
               | spending entirety of their "budget" to retain a similar
               | sized budget next year, "use it or lose it", to avoid
               | going through hassle of convincing politicians to re-
               | boost budget later, departments resort to wasting money
               | with meaningless expenses just to retain their budgets...
               | 
               | Extrapolate that to a gov that spends more than a
               | trillion dollars annually at times and this is a
               | disastrous level of wasteful spending.
        
             | jrmg wrote:
             | You can just go to the NC DMV in the afternoon. Afternoons
             | are not appointment based. I updated my license two days
             | after moving here. I had to wait an hour or so.
        
             | nonameiguess wrote:
             | This isn't really the DMV's doing on its own. Same thing
             | happened when I moved to Texas (or at least when I first
             | needed to get a driver's license). In both cases, the root
             | cause is GOP control of a purplish state trending blue
             | shutting down offices and restricting ID services on
             | purpose to suppress voting turnout.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | How about the wars the US is fighting directly in 13
           | different sovereign countries presently? That's gotta be
           | slightly costly.
        
             | tekla wrote:
             | Damn I must have missed this news. What countries is the US
             | at war with?
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | None of it is declared war; it's all just "special
               | military operation" kinda stuff. It's actually crazy how
               | many different places the US has boots on the ground.
               | 
               | More details in the ET podcast episode, in public rn and
               | can't find/transcribe.
               | https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Fcid5hjKbdgLWmvHreOpV
        
           | luckylion wrote:
           | Some DMV would be a part of the government, it wouldn't be
           | _the_ government. To not build up a straw man, you'd have to
           | compare it to, say, Apple's battery quality control
           | department or Amazon's warehouse maintenance team.
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | Also, I forgot to ask specifically which army of government
         | bureaucrats and lawyers? The ones who try to go after the
         | private entities who profit from harming health and environment
         | but outsource costs too greater society?
        
       | flightster wrote:
       | You forgot vets and dentists!
        
         | bearjaws wrote:
         | Let's not even start on healthcare and PE...
        
         | Der_Einzige wrote:
         | And Chiropractors!
        
         | dventimi wrote:
         | And attorneys!
        
       | spicyusername wrote:
       | I very much agree with the premise that economists unduly focus
       | on a few metrics of dubious quality - labor force participation,
       | personal consumption expenditures, market capitalization, wage
       | growth, etc - and overfit them to construct a coherent narrative
       | about the "strength" of the economy and what the experience of
       | living in that economy must be like.
       | 
       | There's a story right now being peddled by all the talking heads
       | that the economy is "great", but consumers keep reporting feeling
       | terrible, so consumers must not understand something.
       | 
       | I think this goes the other way around. Our method for
       | understanding the economy is flawed and is not properly capturing
       | what all consumers know intuitively, things kind of suck, even
       | when you have a job and even when you're still buying things.
       | 
       | We need to start thinking about what information needs to be
       | captured and how it needs to be reported to start making better
       | sense of what's broken and how to fix it.
        
         | jprete wrote:
         | They're addicted to metrics instead of observation. Anything
         | that isn't easily measured is considered to not exist,
         | including how people feel about it.
         | 
         | Now that I think about it, that's literal selection pressure
         | for psychopathy.
        
         | silverquiet wrote:
         | I agree with much of this and I'll add one of my biggest
         | stressors - opaque pricing. One of the biggest "innovations" in
         | the US in the last decade or so seems to be to add as many
         | hidden fees as possible to every service imaginable. Obviously
         | it's hardly a new idea; I'm sure that human nature being what
         | it is, they had to deal with it in Mesopotamia. But it makes
         | budgeting very difficult; I suppose it's like living in a
         | corrupt country; you just have to add an overhead for bribes as
         | part of day-to-day living. Perhaps it isn't "like" living in a
         | corrupt country; perhaps it just is living in a corrupt
         | country.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> I'll add one of my biggest stressors - opaque pricing.
           | 
           | Economic "models" make assumptions like markets being
           | efficient. Meanwhile in the business classes next door they
           | teach how to avoid competition because it's a race to the
           | bottom. They all learn the prisoners dilemma as an example
           | because it's how you need to think to avoid overt collusion.
           | 
           | I'd like an economic model as powerful as the laws of
           | thermodynamics, where everything is included if not
           | explicitly. But I haven't seen one.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Economic "models" make assumptions like markets being
             | efficient_
             | 
             | No? You're thinking of a specific class of models.
             | Generally speaking, prescriptive economics is about
             | characterising what an efficient market _would_ look like
             | and then identifying why reality is not that. (And whether
             | that deviance is good or bad.)
             | 
             | This article could be seen doing that. It seems like
             | domains should be closed to $2, given an efficient market.
             | But they're nine going on twelve.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | Most of the assumptions made in economic models conceal
               | sources of profit.
               | 
               | They dont appear to be there to simplify complexity
               | because they simulate situations that have never and will
               | never be approximated (never been perfect competition or
               | information, never will be).
               | 
               | It's unlike, say, physics in this respect.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Most of the assumptions made in economic models
               | conceal sources of profit_
               | 
               | This is wildly inaccurate. A _huge_ amount of economics
               | is focussed on profit. For obvious reasons.
               | 
               | > _never been perfect competition or information, never
               | will be_
               | 
               | Frictionless surfaces are mostly a fiction, too. That
               | doesn't mean calculating the expected outcome in a
               | frictionless condition is useless. If the deviance is
               | more than you'd expect from friction, that's informative.
               | 
               | Unlike physics, a lot of people think their undergrad 101
               | course plus skimming the _Economist_ an economist
               | themselves makes. It's a common hubris, albeit one
               | unusually common in tech. (Disclaimer: I'm not an
               | economist. But I know the boundaries of my circle of
               | competence in this.)
        
             | specialist wrote:
             | Yup.
             | 
             | > _Economic "models" make assumptions like markets being
             | efficient._
             | 
             | Open markets require rules and referees.
             | 
             | Freedom Markets(tm) advocates eliminate rules and refs.
             | Because "regulations discourages free enterprise".
             | 
             | The final result are closed markets.
             | 
             | "free market" is doublespeak for winner-takes-all, anti-
             | competition, pro-monopolies, plantation class, and
             | neoliberalism.
        
             | chaorace wrote:
             | > Economic "models" make assumptions like markets being
             | efficient. Meanwhile in the business classes next door they
             | teach how to avoid competition because it's a race to the
             | bottom
             | 
             | You've more-or-less verbatim described the impetus behind
             | the modern development of behavioral economics. That older
             | sort of classical theory which you describe -- the one
             | which frames the world in terms of "rational economic
             | agents" -- has been out of vogue for nearly two decades
             | now. Sure, you can still find the idea _taught_ in
             | classes... but professors now treat the classical ideas
             | more like a simplified foundation rather than gospel --
             | much like a physics professor teaches Newtonian Physics
             | before moving on to Relativity.
             | 
             | > I'd like an economic model as powerful as the laws of
             | thermodynamics, where everything is included if not
             | explicitly. But I haven't seen one.
             | 
             | ... and this is where you diverge in thinking from the new-
             | school behavioral economists. According to the new-school,
             | economics is a social science, a thing of statistical
             | measurements and probabilities. Most modern economists
             | would probably be inclined to chide you and say that
             | attempting to characterize economics in terms of hard laws
             | would be the same as disregarding the human element -- a
             | reversion to the classical idea of "rational economic
             | agents".
        
               | TSP00N3 wrote:
               | Good read (or in my case listen on Audible) on behavioral
               | economics: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misbehaving:_T
               | he_Making_of_B...
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Somewhat. Some of the science behind behavioral economics
               | relates to the fact that there are actually rationales
               | behind certain preferences that aren't strictly about
               | expected value. The utility of money is not a linear
               | function. Etc.
               | 
               | People also don't understand statistics well as a whole,
               | to be sure. But behavioral economics is also not purely
               | about people being irrational.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | Yeah, "the free market" tends to have cheerleaders with
             | contradictory premises for how it will work. For example:
             | 
             | 1. "With perfect price/deal information, this math shows
             | economic actors will be super duper efficient."
             | 
             | 2. "Since people have the freedom to make secret deals for
             | hidden prices, this prevents cartels by allowing
             | defection."
             | 
             | Unfortunately it feels like rather than addressing the
             | contradiction, they prefer to quietly march under the same
             | banner and in the end we get _neither_ benefit.
        
           | ChainOfFools wrote:
           | This seems to be rooted in a generalized problem which I'll
           | hastily call the conscious abuse of polite understanding, or
           | abuse of economic consensus. Another possible rubric for
           | this, a bit more sensationalized, would be "destructive
           | precision".
           | 
           | A simple example would be the hollowing-out of conventional
           | terms everyone believes they hold the same settled definition
           | of, such as "a flight." Instead of transacting according to
           | what consensus suggests "a flight" meant a decade or two ago,
           | when most would have expected this term to have thoroughly
           | matured to the point of semantic stability, instead
           | delivering against the most contextually minimized, stripped
           | down interpretation of the term possible that still qualifies
           | as valid, and attaching fees to all of the other attendant
           | associations of value that used to be included in the scope
           | of general consensus of the term.
        
             | SI_Rob wrote:
             | So, a pricing exploit based on arbitrage between the
             | rigorous description (and enforcement) of payment for a
             | service in one direction, and the comparatively un-policed
             | description of the service delivered, in the other? Perhaps
             | the lawyering class wants everyone to either suffer under
             | their miserable penchant for overweening semantic
             | nitpicking, or suffer it along with them.
        
               | ChainOfFools wrote:
               | A description versus price equation, where there's a lot
               | of variables on one side and only one on the other, does
               | seem to be the model.
               | 
               | I guess I would add that it may only be a Salient as it
               | is with respect to certain things like flights, because
               | there are a couple of outstanding counter examples like
               | cell phones and and automobiles which seem to exhibit the
               | exact opposite trend.
               | 
               | A deeper analysis might reveal that there is a cycle at
               | at work here, wherein the initial novelty of a prodict or
               | service which is destined to become a commodity, means
               | there is not yet a strong set of expectations about what
               | the service or product is "supposed" to provide.
               | distinction in the market has to come from adding context
               | to that essentially commodity utility.
               | 
               | But later on some consumers begin to recognize that some
               | of the additional context may not be strictly necessary
               | or offer a value to them and would prefer
               | compartmentalization of the core product as distinct from
               | its value-added variants.
               | 
               | When flights were a comparative novelty, or at least a
               | novelty in different market segments at different times,
               | distinction between products was through different levels
               | and configurations of service or features rather than
               | price.
               | 
               | This may still be the phase of the product cycle that
               | cell phones (setting aside the fairly stable tiers of
               | product within that category) are in. It's harder to make
               | as direct across the comparison with cars as they are
               | older than both air travel and mobile phones, and because
               | of all the regulation that enforces standardization of
               | non-optional features related to safety.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | On the other hand, I recall paying roughly $100 per hour of
             | one way flight time in the 2000s, and I still pay near
             | $100, maybe $150 to $200 in peak season (including seat
             | assignment and carry on luggage).
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I don't love taking flights in general--and my goal
               | moving forward is to reduce the number of flights
               | relative to the amount of travel overall. But I'm also
               | well aware I could make my travel more comfortable but at
               | an hourly cost that I'd probably much rather spend on
               | other travel things. (Not that I cheap out beyond some
               | floor.)
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | The EU fixed it for airline tickets. It's not rocket surgery.
        
           | chasebank wrote:
           | Recently, I've seen this bleed into our local housing rental
           | market. They'll advertise some amount for the house, then
           | will say the attached garage is extra per month, and moving
           | most if not all utilities to tenant responsibility.
        
         | raizer88 wrote:
         | "The thing I have noticed is when the anecdotes and the data
         | disagree, the anecdotes are usually right. There's something
         | wrong with the way you are measuring it," - Jeff Bezos
        
           | BolexNOLA wrote:
           | That's a pretty weird take to me. Crime stats and polling of
           | people's perception of crime show this as clearly the wrong
           | approach for instance.
           | 
           | Most studies show that no matter what direction crime is
           | going in, a substantial majority of people think their
           | neighborhoods are safer and that everywhere else is basically
           | a war zone that is getting worse. There's a total disconnect
           | locally/nationally in perception that is _also_ detached from
           | crime stats.
           | 
           | All of this is to say that the anecdotes are basically all
           | but worthless in the case of understanding how bad crime is
           | on any appreciable scale beyond a few blocks of one's
           | neighborhood.
           | 
           | * https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2016/11/16/voters-
           | pe...
           | 
           | * https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/many-americans-are-
           | conv...
           | 
           | * https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23663437/crime-
           | violence-m...
           | 
           | * https://www.pbs.org/newshour/amp/show/as-concerns-grow-
           | aroun...
        
             | fjdidianabak wrote:
             | I dunno, it seems in line with most stereotypes being more
             | true than false [1]. "Common sense" is often derided in
             | online spaces like this, but when there hasn't been a
             | massive media / social effort to convince the population
             | otherwise [2], it's pretty reliable.
             | 
             | Taking a quick glance at the articles you linked shows the
             | same behavior as those reporting on the economy - defining
             | disingenuous targets so they can claim their headline is
             | true. To tie this back to anecdotes, I think it comes down
             | to trust. When my neighbor says they're afraid to lose
             | their job due to housing, food, childcare being a lot more
             | expensive I dont see any motivated reasoning behind that
             | statement. On the other end, economists (and all the
             | articles you linked) have many incentives to distort the
             | truth. On average anecdotes are going to come from a more
             | truthful place - both because you trust the source and know
             | their biases.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/insight-
             | therapy/2018...
             | 
             | [2] https://today.yougov.com/politics/articles/41556-americ
             | ans-m...
        
               | BolexNOLA wrote:
               | I definitely understand where you are coming from and
               | would never deny these things are happening. But my point
               | is that argues for too much trust in anecdotes and
               | people's perceptions.
               | 
               | We all know memory is incredibly faulty, for instance.
               | Yet people have a very high perception of their own
               | memory's accuracy. It's kind of in the same vein. It's
               | not that people can't remember things accurately, it's
               | that we need to start from a place of skepticism when
               | depending on it. Same thing goes for people's perceptions
               | of crime, the economy, etc. Their anecdotes and lived
               | experience, insofar as they can even accurately explain
               | their lived experience, needs to be put into context re:
               | its value for determining "reality."
               | 
               | That being said I would never undermine the value of how
               | people feel. If people don't feel safe, that is a bad
               | thing too. And we can cite all the stats in the world we
               | want but ultimately feeling unsafe is not a good thing
               | and that perception needs to be addressed.
        
             | llm_trw wrote:
             | >Crime stats and polling of people's perception of crime
             | show this as clearly the wrong approach for instance.
             | 
             | The only crime stat you can trust is murder and that's
             | because bodies can't be hidden (easily).
             | 
             | Everything else gets swept under the rug.
             | 
             | When I wanted to report my car broken into I was hung up on
             | three times because of a poor quality line, which was fine
             | before I told them what I was calling for. When I went
             | there in person I had to wait 40 minutes for someone to
             | take my report and give me a reference number for my
             | insurance.
             | 
             | Crime is absolutely massively under reported.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | 100% correct. They even teach this in graduate
               | criminology programs. Stats are only consistently
               | reliable for a narrow range of events.
        
               | enavari wrote:
               | One need only download a community based self reporting
               | app like "citizen" to see how much crime really exist..
               | It's more than you'd like know. Like the previous poster
               | said, not everything is reported.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | I'm sure apps like this are targeted towards an already
               | paranoid and crime-obsessed demographic, and they're
               | going to be full of false positives. Not sure you can
               | take that sample as representative.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | But this hasn't changed over decades. Policing never was
               | 100% effective and crime was always underreported. Yet if
               | you ask people it's crime getting worse YoY.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | It's getting worse.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Policing was effective enough that I never had to find
               | someone to unlock a case for me at the store unless I was
               | purchasing something particularly valuable. It was
               | effective enough that you didn't see videos of people
               | looting stores or driving around breaking into cars with
               | impunity.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | I don't know, these things were cliche plot devices in
               | 1970s-1980s films and it appears everyone was convinced
               | America headed into Escape From New York future.
               | Naturally, few people had cine/video cameras on them at
               | any time.
        
               | shakow wrote:
               | But as long as the stats are not reliable, that's unknown
               | territory. Maybe the police is getting more lazier, maybe
               | less, maybe there are less people reporting because it is
               | seen as useless, maybe there are more because they get
               | tired of it, one can simply not get a picture
               | independently of where the trend is going.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | And yet, if more people you know report being victims of
               | crime, and the official statistics point to a decrease,
               | the people upthread are happy to declare a decrease.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | You're making the exact same mistake as the poster you're
             | answering to warns about - you're mixing the objective
             | reality ("absolute crime numbers") to percieved reality of
             | population.
             | 
             | If the population percieves themselves unsafe and unhappy,
             | your numbers don't really mean much to them because to
             | restore happy society you need to look at *perception* and
             | fix the reasoning behind it. Making the crime stats number
             | go down won't do that by itself.
        
               | BolexNOLA wrote:
               | In a different response I actually remarked on how I
               | would never talk down to people who feel unsafe because
               | we can cite all the stats we want in the world, but their
               | feeling secure is very important as well.
        
               | estebank wrote:
               | > you need to look at _perception_ and fix the reasoning
               | behind it.
               | 
               | Many times that perception is shaped by the media we
               | consume, which has no obligation to have any connection
               | to the reality on the ground. At that point whatever is
               | done to improve the reality doesn't have to have any
               | impact on people's perception.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | I don't really watch any broadcast/cable news these days.
               | Was at a restaurant that had it going on their TV and my
               | goodness all it was saying is "FEAR FEAR FEAR FEAR".
               | Absolute mind rotting garbage.
        
               | BolexNOLA wrote:
               | I was at an airport the other day and I was struck by how
               | I saw four different new stations all covering one
               | tornado in a town half way across the country from me.
               | This was top line national news for like 20min with
               | reporters standing by downed trees and going on and on
               | about the "utter devastation." It seemed pretty small
               | potatoes tbh but maybe I was missing context?
               | 
               | You would think there is some sort of tornado epidemic
               | nationwide based on the way they were acting. Tornadoes
               | happen all of the time, and they are very tragic for
               | those involved, but y'all aren't hearing about every
               | house that burns down in my city lol
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | Which means that the fix is to change the media not the
               | metrics. That's the gist of the argument - if your
               | improvements of "reality" aren't making people happier,
               | you're changing the wrong metric. In this case you need
               | to change the media, not crime stats.
        
               | estebank wrote:
               | Changing the underlying reality without improving the
               | perception leads to a political disconnect. Improving the
               | perception without improving the underlying reality just
               | makes people happier, but not better off. You have to do
               | both if your objective is to improve people's lifes.
        
             | dasil003 wrote:
             | It's just a refutation of naive bias towards statistics,
             | which is rampant in big organizations (see the McNamara
             | fallacy). This is codified in the idea of being "data
             | driven", which is the right thing if your data is a true
             | proxy for the thing you care about; in practice it often
             | isn't and you have to incorporate some more flimsy or
             | subjective signal to better understand a problem.
        
               | GOD_Over_Djinn wrote:
               | Bingo. The obsession with quantification is a crutch that
               | allows uncreative people to delegate their decision
               | making to a mechanical analysis of raw data, rather than
               | a first-principles understanding of their problem space.
        
             | flakeoil wrote:
             | It's probably related to how much or little we read about
             | crime more than any true crime level. If we see 10 news
             | articles everyday about crime, then we think there are a
             | lot of crime around. If we read zero articles about crime,
             | then it barely exists in our perception. What happens in
             | reality does not affect our perception as much, as we
             | probably seldomly see it for ourselves and when we see it,
             | it would be difficult to objectively and statistically
             | judge the crime level's direction with such few data points
             | and biased experiences.
             | 
             | It's similar to Hans Rosling's comments about poverty in
             | the 3rd world. It often sounds like poverty is increasing
             | as time goes by, but if looking at statistics, overall
             | poverty is decreasing and have been doing so for decades.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | Exactly, in the case of crime there are so many more
               | _vicarious_ anecdotes. If people were only allowed to
               | discuss crimes that they were personally victim to, we
               | would not be under the impression that crime is worse
               | than ever.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | When I have to spend 10 minutes finding a store employee
               | to unlock a case for me to buy underwear and socks at
               | Target when I didn't have to five years ago, I conclude
               | that crime has gotten worse.
               | 
               | When I see videos on the internet all the time of
               | criminals just walking into stores and grabbing whatever
               | they want while the security guard looks on and does
               | nothing because the police will side with the criminal if
               | he touches them, it is perfectly valid to assume that
               | crime is worse.
               | 
               | When the police do nothing to enforce the law I do not
               | trust the statistics because they are based on reports to
               | the police.
               | 
               | Maybe the statistics are right, over the whole city, but
               | where I live, crime has gotten worse.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | > When I see videos on the internet all the time of
               | criminals just walking into stores and grabbing whatever
               | they want while the security guard looks on and does
               | nothing because the police will side with the criminal if
               | he touches them, it is perfectly valid to assume that
               | crime is worse.
               | 
               | How many videos have you seen on the Internet of stores
               | just calmly going about business with no shoplifting
               | going on? The number of videos on the Internet is not an
               | indication of any overall trend. The stuff you're seeing
               | makes it onto YouTube _because_ they are outliers.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Why have I only started seeing these outliers in the last
               | few years? Also, the worst part of the videos isn't that
               | they happen, but that they are allowed to happen. If the
               | criminals weren't calmly going about their business
               | without even wearing a mask and instead running from the
               | security guard it wouldn't be so frustrating. If the news
               | stories had a mugshot of the police arresting them
               | quickly since their face is all over the internet it
               | wouldn't be so infuriating. If the police didn't allow
               | the criminals to run open air fencing operations right
               | outside BART stations, I wouldn't be this mad.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Could there be other reasons why these videos are being
               | uploaded more, and why you are being served them more
               | over the last few years? Access to videography has been
               | growing constantly since smartphones were introduced.
               | There are now multiple platforms for uploading these
               | videos, and doing so is easier than ever. These platforms
               | algorithmically optimize for engagement and do this by
               | promoting ragebait and controversy. And there are now
               | entire, active communities dedicated to
               | sharing/spreading/promoting these (r/PublicFreakout has
               | almost 5M members). What you happen to be seeing may not
               | reflect any sort of trend, either up or down.
        
               | GOD_Over_Djinn wrote:
               | I don't see this stuff on YouTube, I see it in the real
               | world in the course of my everyday life.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | Where do you live? It sounds quite bad. Has SF got that
               | bad? I haven't been there since I worked there in 2015,
               | but I read the authorites gave up on some crime?
               | 
               | I noticed neither any crime or homeless at that time. But
               | people now seem swear it has gotten to be a big problem.
        
               | MSFT_Edging wrote:
               | I was last there a couple years ago when the "SF is a
               | lawless wasteland" nonsense was gaining a lot of
               | traction. I saw some needles, some foil, a broken window
               | or two, but otherwise it was a very calm and inviting
               | city. Any city due to greater density will have more
               | observable crime, but people are crapping their pants
               | over exaggerations.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | I don't buy this completely.
               | 
               | The measure of the perceived crime level in one's
               | neighborhood isn't really dictated by stats or news, but
               | your own and your neighbours lifes.
               | 
               | I know where I live is quite calm bar some occasional
               | burglar, and I know it because I live in the place and
               | talk to people everyday.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | This is actually a perfect example of Bezos being right on
             | the money. You are measuring it wrong. The first and last
             | articles focus only on violent crime, which is not what
             | most people who are complaining about crime mean here. 538
             | is a little better, but their charts only go through 2019
             | before it became a major issue again. Only Vox seems to get
             | it closer to correct (though still hung up on the violence
             | thing):
             | 
             | > One theory that came up again and again is that city
             | residents and visitors are, to some extent, conflating
             | actual violent crime with broader indications of urban
             | disorder.
             | 
             | If you are a leader like Bezos or a city politician you
             | need to meet your customers / constituents where they are
             | and fix the problems they want fixed whether or not it they
             | are saying precisely what they mean. The anecdotes are
             | right and the statistics are wrong.
        
             | creer wrote:
             | That's fair that perception is often wrong - but that's a
             | different issue.
             | 
             | Perception is also in large part the very thing that
             | matters when it comes to crime. That is, do I get to live
             | in peace or in constant worry? Do I get my property priced
             | "fairly" when I sell or dramatically underpriced because of
             | this perception that the area is unsafe? To summarize, in
             | what you describe "crime stats" are ignoring half or two
             | thirds of the problem.
             | 
             | In San Francisco, "crime stats" are further muddied because
             | of massive underreporting and cherry picking the
             | definition. So called quality of life crime might be
             | considered irrelevant because it rarely causes massive loss
             | of property or injury. But it does make life extremely
             | stressful for the locals (depending on the neighborhoods
             | where it might be "tolerated" i.e. left rampant, or might
             | not be tolerated.) In this case, "crime stats" deliberately
             | not measuring anything very relevant.
             | 
             | See also recent discussion of the squatting issue in Spain.
        
         | Fauntleroy wrote:
         | Those at the top of the chain, who benefit from the "strong"
         | economy, have an intrinsic motivation to suggest that things
         | are going just great. Many in Washington are either suckling
         | the teats of the wealthy through campaign finance / lobbying,
         | or hyper-rich from investments (and other forms of economic
         | parasitism)--providing a great deal of motivation for decision
         | makers in US government to not give a shit.
        
         | ponector wrote:
         | The answer is simple. Some consumers are feeling terrible and
         | they are vocal about it. People mostly are ok and not talking
         | about it.
        
           | citizen_friend wrote:
           | Alternative theory: the metrics don't describe our full
           | economic experience.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | That's literally the point of the article.
        
               | citizen_friend wrote:
               | Yes.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | Even if that's the case, that's a problem. First, it's bad
           | for society to write people off. Are people going to be
           | willing to contribute if they aren't sure whether they might
           | be the next write off? Second, a small number of
           | disenfranchised people can still cause a lot of problems if
           | they get despirate.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | I mean, this is true. And these days these people don't
             | even need to be real. Kick off a few hundred thousand bots
             | along with a visible ad campaign corresponding with how bad
             | things are and you can get the people in the "not great,
             | not terrible" camp thinking the end of the world is here.
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | The metrics are likely comparing 2020 item and 2024 item and
           | assuming it's the same thing but the manufacturer cleverly
           | gutted the 2024 item of all quality parts and just kept the
           | name
        
             | wholinator2 wrote:
             | While also cleverly raising the price 50-200% during covid
             | and then cleverly never lowering it back to normal once the
             | supply chains started working
        
         | owlstuffing wrote:
         | Not that economics is a credible science, but you're conflating
         | talking heads with economists. Talking heads exist to peddle
         | the agenda of the elites who own them.
        
           | 1oooqooq wrote:
           | who do you think economists also listen to?
        
             | braiamp wrote:
             | I hope they listen to data. Either that they gather
             | themselves or gathered by reputable organizations. Consumer
             | confidence index for example tries to gather the sentiment
             | of the consumers.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | Welath inequality means many companies just dont need the
         | majority of consumers. Big pharma typifies his by increasing
         | prices till they can just get a few whales to buy.
         | 
         | The rental market and the.dojs anti trust is the same:
         | landlorsa making money by limiting units to just the more
         | wealth renters and leaving units empty.
         | 
         | This is just qhat.happens wgen regulatots simply stop enforcing
         | a minimum level of social goods.
        
         | sodality2 wrote:
         | This is related to a phenomenon that writer Kyla Scanlon has
         | called the "vibecession" - a disconnect between the economy's
         | metrics deemed to indicate its health, and the general
         | populace's perception of it
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibecession
        
           | 1oooqooq wrote:
           | that is not a thing and that page will probably be gone soon.
           | 
           | that is at most an attempt to control the narrative, and
           | throw the growing inequality under the rug as some sort of
           | mass hysteria. lame.
        
             | sodality2 wrote:
             | It is literally explicitly addressing the situation where
             | these indicators claim everything's okay even though no one
             | feels like it is - the idea that just because economic
             | health metrics are up, doesn't mean anything for the
             | average American.
        
         | kjellsbells wrote:
         | Two fine examples of this myopia are the basket of items that
         | economists and government statisticians use to calculate
         | inflation rates, and the nature of the jobs that are considered
         | to measure labor force participation. Or perhaps more strictly,
         | the metrics that those groups put out that the media choose to
         | report on. CPI isnt always the best metric and something like
         | healthcare costs are better tracked in the PCE metric. So you
         | get this situation where CPI says "not bad, boys" and the
         | consumers have a wildly different point of view.
         | 
         | For labor participation, full employment is not great if
         | everyone is working crappy jobs. I dont know if there are
         | better metrics buried in the government's output, but it
         | perhaps would be more in keeping with lived experience to track
         | participation with dependence on supplemental sources of
         | income. if you need a second job, or charity/government help,
         | just to survive, then you dont have a "living job". That sort
         | of thing isnt captured by LFP stats.
         | 
         | To be clear, I do trust the govt stats in places like the UK
         | and US. I just think they are measuring the wrong things.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | Could someone explain why the parent comment is down voted?
           | 
           | I don't notice anything off about it.
        
         | AbstractH24 wrote:
         | Why do you exclude the possibility that talking heads in news
         | and politics are pedaling the idea that consumers feel it's
         | terrible?
         | 
         | Most everyone I know seems to be living it pretty good with
         | much less concern for the future. Certainly compared to 2023
         | and even compared to 2019.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | What's the statistical relevancy of your "everyone I know"
           | sample for US population in general?
           | 
           | Are people you know of different ages, social classes, races,
           | upbringings and living locations to capture the sentiment of
           | population?
           | 
           | Or are they all well off people in a few rich areas?
        
             | AbstractH24 wrote:
             | They are concentrated in a major metro area that was among
             | the worst affected by the pandemic in America. They span
             | many ages, social classes, races, upbringings, and jobs,
             | from tech to blue-collar union work.
             | 
             | Be that as it may, my point is that the possibility exists
             | and is almost equally as likely. Not that it is correct.
        
           | wholinator2 wrote:
           | That's very good for you, you should count yourself lucky.
           | But i think we should trust people when they tell us how they
           | feel. Do you live paycheck to paycheck? Are you aware that a
           | majority oh Americans (55-69%) do, defined as struggling to
           | save or invest anything past the monthly expenses?
           | 
           | I'm a late 20s man who made it into tech, I'm doing great! My
           | friend who got into tech might kind of hate their corporate
           | job lives but they're monetarily at least able to pay their
           | student loans after 5 years of working. A few kids were able
           | to start construction/lawn businesses, i don't know the
           | details but they appear to be doing well. Every single other
           | person that i know, who's finances I'm aware of directly, or
           | indirectly (social media posts, etc. ) is having a hard time
           | right now. I can count on one hand the number of people who
           | feel good about the current US economy that i know, i speak
           | and have spoken to dozens of people about this.
           | 
           | Literally only the comp sci graduates are having a good time
           | right now, and even that's starting to tighten. Jobs are
           | getting more scarce, people have to take pay cuts to be able
           | to actually have a life again, etc. You could say I'm doing
           | well right now and then i could say that must mean everyone
           | is doing well and the whole thing is propaganda. But there's
           | a lot more than just successful people out here, we're on HN
           | anyways, that says a lot about our socioeconomic status and
           | friend groups.
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | Some factors on _my_ list of sentiment drags:
         | 
         | * Manufacturers reducing product quality without buyers'
         | knowledge. E.g., Pyrex or some SSD makers.
         | 
         | * Shrinkflation: grocery stores selling slightly smaller-sized
         | packages without buyers' knowledge. E.g., containers that used
         | to be square, staying equally wide (for shelf space facing) but
         | less deep.
         | 
         | * Widespread Terms and Conditions / EULAs that undermine
         | previously reliable consumer protections.
         | 
         | * The sense that privacy-preserving products are now out of my
         | financial reach, due to surveillance capitalism.
         | 
         | I guess the main pattern in these things is a sense of failed
         | consumer protections.
         | 
         | EDIT: I'm ranting about _consumer_ sentiment, which is probably
         | different from _economic_ sentiment. Apologies for going off
         | topic.
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | I see a lot of stuff decrease in quality and increase in
           | price. Just this year 2024 bikes in the 2k range now are
           | shipping with garage tier SRAM groups instead of last year
           | where they had Shimannos. If you want to good stuff it's 2700
           | now. Paying more for less is a real drag
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Yes, product changes should be logged IMO so that customers
           | can access that information. Companies essentially pass off a
           | new product as the old product now, lying to consumers.
           | Capitalism relies on informed customers to target purchases
           | towards the 'best' products; this breaks that ability. VC
           | firms seem to buy well-established companies, reduce the
           | quality and ride them into the ground, destroying a lot of
           | value that has built up over a long time. Rinse-and-repeat
           | and the overall value of products goes down. This is a point
           | for government to require a detailed account of products.
           | 
           | It shouldn't be a mystery whether shrinkflation has occurred
           | it should say it right on the product, and be confirmed in a
           | government verified database.
           | 
           | In the UK it feels more like corrupted consumer protections.
           | I suppose that's a type of failed, but it's not because the
           | consumer protections were bad, it's because they were removed
           | by a government who work for (or just are) the capitalists
           | rather than the _demos_.
        
         | qp11 wrote:
         | The issues have been well understood for decades but the fixes
         | involves dismantling existing power structures so nothing
         | simple about it. Short summary of the issues - https://michael-
         | hudson.com/2023/07/global-economic-history-i...
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _method for understanding the economy is flawed and is not
         | properly capturing what all consumers know intuitively_
         | 
         | It's not flawed, economic literacy in the general population
         | just sucks and thus so does the popular discourse. The closer
         | you are to the minimum wage or tech sector, the worse you're
         | doing; the more you make and more assets you have the better
         | you're doing [1].
         | 
         | The measures are there. They show a bifurcating economy, and in
         | particular, one fracturing along social lines, thereby
         | inhibiting information permeation. They're just buried in
         | _e.g._ the Fed's Beige Books, which aren't consumed as
         | vociferously as TV news.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.wsj.com/economy/consumers/economic-data-
         | paint-a-...
        
         | robotcapital wrote:
         | Part of the problem is that that "intuition" changes based on
         | how you the ask the question and who you ask it to. A good
         | example of this is polling that shows Americans as a whole
         | believe the country's finances will be worse off a year from
         | now at twice the rate as their own personal finances[0]. So I'd
         | argue that even anecdotes and intuition need to be taken with
         | grain of salt, particularly given that it's an election year
         | with a polarized electorate.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2024/05/23/views-of-
         | the...
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | >polarized electorate
           | 
           | And I would add with a polarized media whos parent companies
           | fortunes depend on which people get elected. The amount of
           | corporate financed propaganda out there is out of control.
        
             | robotcapital wrote:
             | We're getting off on a tangent here about here about the
             | mechanism behind that polarization, but it reflects the
             | broader point I was trying to make with my comment. That is
             | to be skeptical of simplistic answer, like "economic
             | termites" or "corporate propaganda", to complex topics like
             | the economy or polarization. It might imply an agenda other
             | than seeking the truth.
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | > Our method for understanding the economy is flawed
         | 
         | There is no misunderstanding. In the Soviet Union, the rulers
         | and their media would every day report on how fantastical the
         | economy was doing and how production was beating records etc.
         | Get used, because this will continue for the rest of your life.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | But there was shortages of everything in the USSR.
           | 
           | What shortages are there in the US?
        
             | mperham wrote:
             | Try to get an appointment to see a doctor.
             | 
             | Food deserts.
        
               | lotsoweiners wrote:
               | > Try to get an appointment to see a doctor
               | 
               | Done this literally dozens of times over the past couple
               | of years for myself, kids, and wife and have never had an
               | issue. Even been offered appointments same or next day.
               | Am I missing something?
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Are you urban, suburban, or rural?
               | 
               | Something I've been suspicious of for a while now, the
               | farther from the cities the worse it is. Grocery prices,
               | for example, didn't start rising in the city I'm in until
               | a year or more after I started seeing people complaining
               | about it, and a good chunk of them were suburban or
               | rural.
        
               | lotsoweiners wrote:
               | Suburban
        
               | GOD_Over_Djinn wrote:
               | Good for you. I had to wait 5 months to see a specialist.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | There are two Americas, the one that HN folks inhabit and the
         | underclass.
         | 
         | The former is doing great.
         | 
         | The latter has grown and shifted. I grew up in a rural
         | community that was in the process of unraveling from a
         | prosperous farming and light industrial area to a rural slum.
         | There are zero operational farms in that area today. The one I
         | worked for as a teen was in continuous operation since the
         | Dutch colonial period.
         | 
         | That's an example of why the nihilism of MAGA is so appealing.
         | The world is collapsing around many people.
         | 
         | These issues are caused by demographics and macro trends. The
         | laws have changed to facilitate generational wealth transfer,
         | and that process will change the way the economy works and
         | further fuel unrest. This stuff is unlikely to get fixed in my
         | lifetime.
        
           | apsec112 wrote:
           | Since 2016, real (inflation-adjusted) wages have risen
           | quickly for people in the bottom quartile, while for upper-
           | income workers they've been stagnant. Obviously, most people
           | on HN are still better off than manual laborers, but the gap
           | has narrowed substantially (a big reversal from 1995-2015)
           | and that's a good thing.
           | 
           | https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_pr.
           | ..
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | That graph shows beginning of a recovery from large wage
             | decreased of the last few years. Equality is nice, but the
             | main story is that everyone is doing worse.
        
             | Der_Einzige wrote:
             | I keep telling everyone I know about this and literally
             | zero people believe me!
             | 
             | So done with Americans finally getting into boom times and
             | still feeling like it's 2008. No one here ever wants to
             | admit that they have it good.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | You are literally the person the article is about.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | I don't know if it's being done as a joke or what, but this
             | is the exact sort of myopic focus on a single economic
             | variable that is being criticized as failing to capture
             | economic reality.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | Yeah, we should be comparing spending power as a very
               | slight upgrade to the metric of overall compensation.
               | 
               | And I'm not even sure what this graph is supposed to be
               | showing. The biggest difference is when he 1st quartile
               | stagnates while the 4th quartile loses 4-5%. 95% of
               | $200,000 is still a lot more than even a 100% increase in
               | salary for $40,000. my most generous, lazy interpretation
               | of this chart shows a whopping $15% increase in wages for
               | the first quartile.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Wages are tough in this segment because many households are
             | dependent on external non-income benefits. Particularly
             | Medicaid and particularly for children.
             | 
             | So if your $16/hr job pops by 30%, the net impact on the
             | household is much lower in many cases. For teen workers,
             | it's beer money. For single moms, it's a net loss as costs
             | for daycare and healthcare have increased 50%.
             | 
             | All of this stuff is relative. I'm a tech exec in a large
             | organization, and essentially live the same lifestyle as my
             | parents, who were in "lower end" jobs relatively speaking
             | in the 80s when I was little.
        
               | ebiester wrote:
               | This seems weird to me. What is your savings rate versus
               | theirs? I say this because on the surface, the same feels
               | true for me, but on closer inspection I spend money like
               | water in ways they had tightly controlled. And yet, I
               | have a higher savings rate than they did.
               | 
               | (However, I don't have a pension.)
        
             | netbioserror wrote:
             | Way to completely miss the anecdotal point about rural
             | cultural decay. You can point to a chart showing rising
             | wage growth all day, but if it's happening at the expense
             | of long-lived communities being hollowed out, you're
             | effectively celebrating peoples' destitution.
             | 
             | It is incredible how Internet armchair technocrats will
             | attempt to reduce human existence to a few equations and
             | wonder why broader populations despise the Ivory Tower.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | Rural existence is already subsidized by urban dwellers,
               | I dunno what more they expect
        
               | vagrantJin wrote:
               | Please elaborate further on what you mean by the phrasing
               | of "Rural existence is already subsidized...."
               | 
               | I'm uncertain if I missed the sarcasm or perhaps more
               | likely my lack of comprehension.
        
               | netbioserror wrote:
               | Inept thinkers really have a way of making themselves
               | obvious.
        
               | berniedurfee wrote:
               | Wow, I've never heard this sort of urban elitism before!
               | Is it common?
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | This is a bad interpretation of events, and an intentional
             | ignoring of wealth gains.
             | 
             | > Since 2016, real (inflation-adjusted) wages have risen
             | quickly for people in the bottom quartile
             | 
             | This "quick" wage growth, as you point out with your image,
             | is on the order of 1 or 2% for the past few years, and was
             | massacred by recent inflation i.e. if raising the minimum
             | wage raised your standard of living, you've almost exactly
             | kept up with inflation.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, wealth amongst people who hold investments, a
             | group that often includes upper-income workers, has
             | massively increased during that time. The S&P has had a
             | 130% adjusted return since 2016. The share of wealth held
             | by the top 10% is as high or higher than it was in 2016.
        
             | boppo1 wrote:
             | >real (inflation-adjusted) wages
             | 
             | lol.
             | 
             | The whole point of this discussion is that our metrics are
             | not properly measuring things. The reported inflation
             | number is a joke. See: anything in life that matters like -
             | a house - a car - an education - health care - raising a
             | kid - basically any life-milestone
             | 
             | but TVs and electronic toys have never been cheaper so it's
             | all okay! Hedonic adjustment!
        
               | prisenco wrote:
               | | _an education_
               | 
               | The community college in the area I briefly lived growing
               | up was $17 a credit hour in 1997. Inflation adjusted
               | that's $31.67 a credit hour.
               | 
               | It's now nearly $140 a credit hour. Almost 4.5x more than
               | inflation.
               | 
               | For a community college.
        
               | lotsoweiners wrote:
               | Probably considerably cheaper than the University and you
               | can always transfer after 2 years.
        
             | tarsinge wrote:
             | The global inflation is exactly the kind of insufficient
             | metric the parent is talking about. What about salaries
             | compared to necessities like food and shelter? Global
             | inflation is only meaningful for upper income workers that
             | have significant disposable income.
        
           | nequo wrote:
           | > There are two Americas, the one that HN folks inhabit and
           | the underclass.
           | 
           | > The former is doing great.
           | 
           | This is at odds with what I've been hearing on HN and in
           | adjacent places. For a year or two now, people have been
           | saying that finding a job in tech has become much harder.
           | Some say that it hasn't been this bad in a decade. Some say
           | it hasn't been this bad since the dotcom bubble burst.
        
             | api wrote:
             | It's harder than it was a few years ago to find a six
             | figure upwardly mobile job.
             | 
             | This is a different world from the one where hundreds of
             | thousands are committing suicide with fentanyl.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I'd take any job, but very few bites outside of tech. So
               | chasing that tech job is literally my path of least
               | resistance.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | Just because IT sector has lows, doesn't mean it's a bad
             | one suddenly.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Generalizations are always only somewhat true.
             | 
             | But what you're probably seeing is a reaction to the end of
             | a period when, assuming at least a pulse and some vague
             | familiarity with computers (and maybe some ability to
             | navigate tech interviews), you could walk out of a job on
             | Friday and have multiple offers within a week.
             | 
             | This was basically never the norm with most professional
             | jobs that could take months of job-hunting with no
             | guarantee of a higher salary or not needing to move. I was
             | very lucky over time and it always depended on professional
             | connections.
             | 
             | A lot of people got accustomed to a period that was nothing
             | like the historical norm. I expect very few of them have
             | taken fast food jobs which absolutely happened in 2001.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | > you could walk out of a job on Friday and have multiple
               | offers within a week. This was basically never the norm
               | with most professional jobs that could take months of
               | job-hunting with no guarantee of a higher salary or not
               | needing to move.
               | 
               | This was never really the -norm- in tech either. Yes, a
               | small number of very talented, very well-connected
               | software engineers with well-known schools or companies
               | on their resume, could probably leave a job one week and
               | have multiple offers next week, but come on... This has
               | never really been the experience of the vast majority of
               | tech workers.
               | 
               | Sure, if you survey Stanford graduates, working in a hot
               | domain, in top companies Silicon Valley, you're going to
               | conclude that getting jobs has always been easy "in
               | tech."
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Totally fair. But that was the narrative. And, yeah,
               | there's been a shift from the "narrative" and I have
               | three "full-time" jobs to I can't get a new job offer in
               | spite of thousands of applications but that was never
               | really the norm in either case.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | >This was basically never the norm with most professional
               | jobs that could take months of job-hunting with no
               | guarantee of a higher salary or not needing to move.
               | 
               | It's not the norm for most professional jobs to need to
               | study content unrelated to the actual responsibilities
               | for your role, and going through 3-5+ stages of
               | interviews just to get a thumbs up. no other sector is
               | studying interview questions on the side. they either
               | have a standardized license exam to vet their technical
               | expertise, can do a contract/trial period to show their
               | chops ("contractors" in tech aren't really a
               | "downgrade"/less compensated role like in other
               | industries), or otherwise have testing that closely
               | mirrors their day to day.
               | 
               | >I expect very few of them have taken fast food jobs
               | which absolutely happened in 2001.
               | 
               | I was in elementary for 2001, so I can't comment much on
               | 2001 or 2009. I have indeed heard some of those people
               | consider 2023/4 to be even worse for the market, however.
               | Just "being good at your job" isn't enough these days,
               | where it sounds like that sufficed in 2001, and the study
               | space for 2009 was at least manageable. But that's
               | secondhand accounts.
        
             | jurassic wrote:
             | A small percent of tech workers struggling to get a job
             | doesn't change the overall picture that most people working
             | in tech are living relatively prosperous and comfortable
             | lives. We are paid at a level that means we don't feel
             | stressed at the grocery store figuring out how to feed our
             | kids or wonder how will we get to work when our cars break
             | down. And as a bonus, we get to sit comfortably in air-
             | conditioned rooms and spend a good chunk of our day
             | thinking about things we actually take some enjoyment from.
             | 
             | None of this is true for the "underclass" mentioned above
             | who have little to look forward to each day; the labor they
             | provide is in various amounts
             | boring/tedious/demeaning/physical, and doesn't pay enough
             | to give them the middle class lifestyle they feel entitled
             | to (e.g. home ownership, healthcare, etc).
             | 
             | I and many people I know have gone through job searches
             | over the last 18 months. Yes, it was more work than we've
             | come to expect over the last 10 years. But ultimately
             | everyone I know has landed on their feet. As an industry we
             | are still incredibly privileged compared to most.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | >I and many people I know have gone through job searches
               | over the last 18 months. Yes, it was more work than we've
               | come to expect over the last 10 years. But ultimately
               | everyone I know has landed on their feet. As an industry
               | we are still incredibly privileged compared to most.
               | 
               | it's 50/50 in my circle. And I got the losing coin toss.
               | Pretty much everyone in my circle got at least a threat
               | of a lay off at some point except one person (and that
               | company is in a very special situation). some got jobs
               | quickly, to various levels of satisfaction. Some got laid
               | off and then went back to the same company when they
               | happened to secure a new project. I'd mostly prefer some
               | stability over how well off I'll be when I'm 65. I'm not
               | even sure I'll make it there at this rate.
               | 
               | >None of this is true for the "underclass" mentioned
               | above who have little to look forward to each day
               | 
               | it's all relative, which is why this is hard to contain
               | to a long term chart of "tech is still better off". No
               | one wants to be caught off guard, doing interviews as a
               | full time job for a year a income dwindles (so
               | underselling it as "it's more work than we come to expect
               | over the last 10 years" is underselling it). And even for
               | the tech workers willing to work in the "underclass"
               | jobs, it's not that much easier getting a job. Especially
               | in my area that seems to have a higher than usual
               | unemployment rate.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | > by demographics and macro trends.
           | 
           | fully agree, and also taxation, access to credit and leverage
           | for profitable assets, many legal loopholes..
           | 
           | Pickitty says in-part that rewards are disproportionately
           | moving to capital assets, at the same time devaluing the
           | fundamental components of life and liberty .. food stocks,
           | common labor, political freedoms from taxation
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Piketty
           | 
           | Intuition says that increased surveillance by law enforcement
           | to produce convictions that cost money and time are
           | economically crippling to building a middle class from a
           | labor pool and small-holder individuals. A people without
           | hope and progress become mired in common failure and produce
           | a downward spiral of personal life, as described.
        
           | paulmd wrote:
           | When the proverbial one-horse town/single-industry company
           | town has the single-industry leave town, what exactly do you
           | want anyone to do about it?
           | 
           | We already shovel in far more tax dollars maintaining
           | infrastructure for a handful of remaining occupants even when
           | the economic activity no longer justifies the spend. What
           | further burden, exactly, do you think the rest of the world
           | owes ex-rural communities that have deindustrialized like
           | this?
           | 
           | I've been to places like this around here, where mining towns
           | have dried up and there's only a few early-20th-century dams
           | marking anything at all. You have to drive into unmarked, un-
           | google-mappable state land through the fire roads (the kind
           | of thing that gets people killed-by-GPS out west) to even get
           | there etc, and there used to be a whole town there once for
           | the mines. Serious/honest question, what does the broader
           | public really owe that miner?
           | 
           | America needs to have some hard talks about what to do in
           | these (extremely frequent) situations, because infrastructure
           | can't be an indefinite commitment once the communities that
           | sustain it wither and shrivel away. And it sucks for the
           | handful of holdouts who don't want to leave, but the
           | community itself is really already dead. If there are 30
           | people who don't want to leave their homes, do we keep paving
           | roads and delivering US mail and maintaining hundreds of
           | miles of power lines for the 30 people who won't leave?
           | 
           | That's maybe viable when it's a rare situation, but it's not,
           | anymore - America is folding back inwards after over-
           | expanding during the railroad and industrial eras. There are
           | a _lot_ of  "railroad towns" where the trains no longer stop,
           | so to speak. And once "the mine dries up", and those arteries
           | stop pumping, people move on. What do we do about the ones
           | who won't? Society is probably "in the hole" (net economic
           | activity) to the tune of millions of dollars of
           | infrastructure per resident, perhaps tens of millions in some
           | cases, over their lifetime.
           | 
           | A lot of these places literally have population density of
           | sub-1-person-per-sq-mile, there are whole regions with
           | sub-10. It's gauche to say it, but at the end of the day
           | everyone knows there is a number when it's worth it and a
           | number when it's not - just like statistical value of life.
           | And at some point, if the taxpayer is kicking in tens of
           | millions of dollars of artificial subsidy, it's becoming a
           | lifestyle choice that we choose to subsidize. By all means
           | offer them a great deal to buy their property and bulldoze
           | it... but at the end of the day we can't keep paving roads
           | onto mountains just because 10 people don't want to move.
           | _That_ is an economic termite right there - and they would
           | use _far_ less charitable terms to describe the situation, if
           | the tables were reversed.
           | 
           | I feel for people who have to leave their lives behind etc,
           | but infrastructure isn't a suicide pact either. It's not a
           | permanent, lifelong commitment even when the fundamentals on
           | the ground totally change - and not everyone is a legacy
           | homeowner to begin with.
           | 
           | http://travelthemitten.com/landmarks/redridge-steel-dam-
           | an-e...
           | 
           | https://99wfmk.com/redridge-michigan/
           | 
           | > Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
           | 
           | > Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare
           | 
           | > The high and lonely hills stretch far away.
        
             | paulmd wrote:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaFkXsdr0mk
             | 
             | (incidentally, this flow over the base of the dam is new,
             | looks like since 2018 (it normally goes through culverts at
             | the base) and the dam likely won't survive much longer,
             | some of the supports have already broken loose and the
             | water flow is eroding the concrete, probably quite rapidly
             | given the age/neglect...)
             | 
             | https://www.mininggazette.com/news/features/2020/08/survivi
             | n...
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | > That's an example of why the nihilism of MAGA is so
           | appealing. The world is collapsing around many people.
           | 
           | And this is what I don't get about current US politics. MAGA
           | = Republicans. The Republican party _is_ the party of
           | generational wealth transfer. The Republican party _is_ the
           | party of elite businessmen lording over the working class.
           | The Republican party _is_ the party of all the economic
           | forces that are unraveling rural communities and turning them
           | into slums. They 're voting for and supporting the very
           | politicians who are "collapsing the world" around themselves.
           | But why? It's not just idle nihilism. They're one of the most
           | actively engaged political demographics in recent memory. Is
           | the Culture War so important/motivating to these people that
           | they are willing to help implement their own economic
           | destruction?
        
             | ncallaway wrote:
             | The people implementing the economic destruction are
             | promising a silver bullet to instantly fix everything.
             | 
             | The people who promise modest, incremental improvement are
             | _much_ less appealing in that environment.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | You shouldn't confuse your stereotypes of people for actual
             | people.
             | 
             | > The Republican party is the party of generational wealth
             | transfer.
             | 
             | I'm not sure what this is supposed to mean. The Republican
             | party is half the country.
             | 
             | "Demographic data compiled in the 2016 and 2020 elections
             | showed that the top 40 percent of income earners preferred
             | the Democratic candidate for president (Hillary Clinton or
             | Joe Biden) over the Republican (Donald Trump), signifying a
             | sizable coalition shift from where the party was in the
             | previous decade."
             | 
             | https://www.newsweek.com/democrats-being-party-rich-could-
             | co...
             | 
             | "Some recent US figures on the distribution of income by
             | party: 65 percent of taxpayer households that earn more
             | than $500,000 per year are now in Democratic districts; 74
             | percent of the households in Republican districts earn less
             | than $100,00 per year. Add to this what we knew already,
             | namely that the 10 richest congressional districts in the
             | country all have Democratic representatives in Congress.
             | The above numbers incidentally come from the Internal
             | Revenue Service, via Bloomberg, and are likely to be more
             | reliable than if they came from Project Veritas via
             | theblaze.com."
             | 
             | https://www.thenation.com/article/society/democrats-rich-
             | par...
             | 
             | > The Republican party is the party of all the economic
             | forces that are unraveling rural communities and turning
             | them into slums.
             | 
             | All of them?
             | 
             | "For decades, the Republicans were seen as the party of big
             | business. Their support for low taxes and light regulation
             | was manna to executives eager to raise profits and avoid
             | government entanglements, and chief executives and big
             | companies were reliable funders of Republicans up and down
             | the ballot.
             | 
             | "Mr. Trump has frayed those bonds. Four years ago, few
             | major chief executives supported Mr. Trump during his first
             | campaign. And throughout his time in the White House,
             | executives from many of the company's biggest brands
             | publicly sparred with the president on everything from gun
             | control to climate change to immigration.
             | 
             | "'I can't remember a time when the business community has
             | spoken out so strongly in opposition to an administration
             | on so many important issues,' said Rich Lesser, chief
             | executive of Boston Consulting Group."
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/15/business/republicans-
             | busi...
             | 
             | > Is the Culture War so important/motivating to these
             | people that they are willing to help implement their own
             | economic destruction?
             | 
             | This is the culture war. You're doing it right now.
        
               | mptest wrote:
               | >> The Republican party is the party of generational
               | wealth transfer.
               | 
               | >I'm not sure what this is supposed to mean.
               | 
               | They oppose estate or "death" taxes in general. That is
               | what they mean.
               | 
               | >The Republican party is half the country.
               | 
               | They're half of voters. They haven't won the popular vote
               | in how many years? 40? They're an obnoxiously loud
               | minority.
               | 
               | >All of them?
               | 
               | Probably not all, but nearly all. The maga tariffs and
               | then subsequent bailouts of farmers harmed comes to mind.
               | reagan's austerity is another easy example.
               | 
               | >>Is the Culture War so important/motivating to these
               | people that they are willing to help implement their own
               | economic destruction? This is the culture war.
               | 
               | >You're doing it right now.
               | 
               | No, they aren't. The republicans bemoaning the 1% of
               | people who identify as trans to distract their uneducated
               | voters while banning books and attacking public education
               | funding, libraries, women's rights, etc, are.
               | 
               | Don't fall in to the bothersider ism trap. Look at
               | republican policy in a red state like texas[0] to see why
               | the comment you replied to is the truth.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.chron.com/politics/article/texas-
               | gop-2024-priori...
        
               | bequanna wrote:
               | The estate tax doesn't mean too much.
               | 
               | "Generational wealth" is generally a myth. The second and
               | third generations burn through any inheritance and sprint
               | back to middle class rather quickly.
        
               | gwd wrote:
               | > "Generational wealth" is generally a myth. The second
               | and third generations burn through any inheritance and
               | sprint back to middle class rather quickly.
               | 
               | Ref? That was definitely not my impression from listening
               | to "Capital in the 21st Century".
        
               | bequanna wrote:
               | Piketty is not my favorite. I consider him a pure
               | academic who tends to cherry pick data.
               | 
               | In reality, wealth tends to cluster around people who are
               | good stewards of it. They allocate capital efficiently
               | and we are all better off.
               | 
               | The government is NOT a good steward of wealth. They
               | allocate inefficiently (because no accountability) so we
               | should minimize what we give them.
               | 
               | Here is a quick and dirty reference discussing how lazy
               | kids of rich people blow it:
               | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/generational-wealth-curse-
               | cau...
        
               | elliotto wrote:
               | This is wild to disagree with Pikettys magnum opus with a
               | reference to a yahoo finance news article
        
               | scrubadub wrote:
               | > The republicans bemoaning the 1% of people who identify
               | as trans to distract their uneducated voters
               | 
               | They're reacting to policy overreach by progressives.
               | There's no good reason why everything that's been set up
               | for women now has to include any male who says he's a
               | woman. Yet this is what's happened in recent years.
               | 
               | Yes it's unfortunate that it has to be the Republicans
               | pushing back against this in terms of introducing actual
               | policy, but at least they're fixing the problem.
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | I'm doing awful, personally. But I guess my industry is an
           | exception among exceptions. Still feels bad.
        
         | CuriouslyC wrote:
         | The vibecession isn't totally wrong, there are a lot of
         | paradoxes you hear when you ask people about how they're doing
         | vs how other people are doing, Paul Krugman has covered this a
         | bit.
         | 
         | The middle class and up is doing well, basically anyone who has
         | mortgage debt and a white collar job. Lower classes were doing
         | well due to pandemic wage gains, but inflation and housing
         | prices have now outpaced those.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | > is not properly capturing what all consumers know
         | 
         | Yeah because every time a metric looks bad it gets adjusted to
         | look better either by changing the weights or removing items
         | from the calculation which dilutes it's effectiveness
        
         | greesil wrote:
         | Ezra Klein just had a very relevant podcast on this.
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/07/opinion/ezra-klein-podcas...
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >I think this goes the other way around. Our method for
         | understanding the economy is flawed and is not properly
         | capturing what all consumers know intuitively, things kind of
         | suck, even when you have a job and even when you're still
         | buying things.
         | 
         | It seems kind of lazy to observe that anecdotes contradict
         | statistics, and then conclude that it's the statistics are
         | wrong without providing any empirical evidence to the contrary.
         | This style of argumentation basically allows you to make
         | whatever "intuitive" claim you want and handwave any empirical
         | evidence to the contrary because the empirical evidence isn't
         | "capturing what [we] all know intuitively".
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Anecdote would be saying that some individual over on 4th
           | Street feels that things aren't that great. "Consumer
           | sentiment" (or whatever name) is actually a statistic.
           | 
           | So now you're at two statistics, one that measures economic
           | activity in jobs and output, and the other that measures
           | peoples' intuitive feel of the economy. I think the gap
           | between them might be that peoples' confidence was shaken by
           | inflation reigniting after 15 years.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | But polls show that around of population are flat out wrong
             | on certain objective measures, like GDP, the S&P 500 index,
             | and the unemployment rate[1]. If they can't get basic
             | factual questions right, why should we put much stock in
             | their "intuitive feel of the economy"?
             | 
             | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/us-
             | news/article/2024/may/22/poll...
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | That's exactly the point - there's some sort of
               | disconnect and people just want to say "they're wrong"
               | instead of trying to figure out why people feel that way.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >people just want to say "they're wrong" instead of
               | trying to figure out why people feel that way.
               | 
               | Why are these two things positioned as
               | opposing/contradictory? Why can't those people be wrong
               | but we still try to figure out why they think that way?
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | Ask yourself the reverse question now.
               | 
               | Why can't it be true that the economics profession is
               | wrong, or better yet "not even wrong" and not really even
               | talking about anything that has real world applicability?
               | 
               | Given the last few decades that should probably be the
               | starting premise of any analysis.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Why can't it be true that the economics profession is
               | wrong, or better yet "not even wrong" and not really even
               | talking about anything that has real world applicability?
               | 
               | I'm not ruling it out, only pointing out that it's a lazy
               | argument to handwave away the statistics while not
               | providing evidence that's equal or better than the ones
               | you're trying to refute. This is especially true when the
               | discrepancy is from a group of people who can't get basic
               | facts right. Maybe they're actually right but there's
               | some contrived reason they're not answering
               | straightforward factual questions correctly, or maybe
               | they're just wrong.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | Guys this isn't that complicated.
               | 
               | Basically every commercial interaction you have these
               | days involves someone trying to cheat you, with basically
               | no way to find recourse to human understanding or help.
               | 
               | It's every day, every time you interact with a
               | corporation as a consumer. It fucking sucks profoundly
               | and people are completely exhausted by it.
               | 
               | Have you really not noticed?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | But the questions isn't "how do you feel about the
               | economy", it's "do you think the s&p 500 went up or
               | down". Even if you think the stockmarket is fake and
               | disconnected from what actually happens on main st, you
               | should still be able to correctly answer whether it went
               | up or not. Failing to do so shows that either you have no
               | grasp on how the S&P 500 is actually doing, can't hold
               | opposing concepts it your head (ie. the "real economy" is
               | doing shit but the S&P 500 is doing great), or can't
               | follow basic instructions. Neither makes me confident in
               | other things you're saying, like how how good the economy
               | is.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | > you should still be able to correctly answer whether it
               | went up or not
               | 
               | Why? Who fucking cares?
               | 
               | Some guy calls my phone during dinner with some survey
               | about the economy. I answer every question with a
               | variation on "fuck you and your economy" and then hang
               | up.
               | 
               | I grew up in a family of social scientists and yet it
               | still shocks me how much people actually believe the
               | words "studies say" and "experts insist" when it comes to
               | matters of human sentiment and opinion.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >I grew up in a family of social scientists and yet it
               | still shocks me how much people actually believe the
               | words "studies say" and "experts insist" when it comes to
               | matters of human sentiment and opinion.
               | 
               | But the question we're asking isn't "how people feel
               | about the economy", it's "how the economy is actually
               | doing". I don't think anyone here is seriously arguing
               | that the public is wrong about their own "sentiment and
               | opinion". They're going to be right almost by definition.
               | What is actually being disputed is whether public's
               | "sentiment and opinion" actually reflects reality. To
               | that question I don't see why we should give unlimited
               | credence to "human sentiment and opinion".
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | Do they get a reward for being "right" in the eyes of the
               | survey company or something? They are being asked how the
               | economy is doing and they are saying fuck this. I'm
               | guessing people have a basic sense that when they answer
               | a media survey they're contributing to the narrative that
               | the media will use, and they want the narrative to be
               | this sucks. It's really not that deep.
               | 
               | As for "sentiment and opinion" it's the basis for
               | democracy. Of course we should give unlimited credence to
               | it when deciding how to organize society, what's the
               | other approach?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Do they get a reward for being "right" in the eyes of
               | the survey company or something? They are being asked how
               | the economy is doing and they are saying fuck this. I'm
               | guessing people have a basic sense that when they answer
               | a media survey they're contributing to the narrative that
               | the media will use, and they want the narrative to be
               | this sucks. It's really not that deep.
               | 
               | They don't, but like I said earlier it's fair to question
               | the veracity of their statements if they can't get
               | objective questions right. Moreover, if it's really the
               | case as you claim that they don't care about the object
               | level question and only care about "the narrative", what
               | makes you think that the "the narrative" stops at the
               | economy and not at some high level like "the political
               | system" or "society"? In other words what makes you think
               | they actually think the economy is doing bad, and they're
               | not answering dishonestly because they're disaffected
               | about the government/politics/society as a whole?
               | 
               | >As for "sentiment and opinion" it's the basis for
               | democracy. Of course we should give unlimited credence to
               | it when deciding how to organize society, what's the
               | other approach?
               | 
               | Again, you're conflating "how people feel about the
               | economy" and "how the economy is actually doing".
               | Moreover, "sentiment and opinion" might be "the basis for
               | democracy", but it doesn't follow that when it comes to
               | factual and objective questions it should get unlimited
               | credence.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | > Again, you're conflating "how people feel about the
               | economy" and "how the economy is actually doing".
               | 
               | Indeed. And you're suffering from the delusion that
               | there's some kind of distinction here that matters.
               | 
               | There isn't. The economy fucking sucks. It sucks because
               | normal people feel trapped and helpless in the face of
               | corporate power and constant, rampant unethical conduct
               | and cheating that seems to permeate literally every daily
               | commercial interaction. When you ask them about the
               | economy they answer that it fucking sucks, because, it
               | does, for them, daily. This is bad and it keeps making
               | people's daily lives worse.
               | 
               | If you haven't experienced that then congratulations,
               | you're either living a very isolated or minimalist life
               | or you have financial resources that put you above this
               | dynamic. Or maybe you don't live in the US. Or maybe
               | you're building the tools and processes that are
               | inflicting this misery on others. Who knows.
               | 
               | But my argument is that most readers of this article and
               | comment thread should be able to look around and realize
               | what's happening without resorting to regression
               | analysis. I think most people here have cushy employment
               | for the most part so you'll have to look elsewhere. Have
               | you tried to interact with an airline lately? Healthcare
               | billing? A bank?
               | 
               | It's a fucking horror show. Now, extraplolate what that
               | experience would be like if it was every single part of
               | your actual job. Like you actually worked for a company
               | that treats you, the employee, the way Comcast treats you
               | when you want to cancel service?
               | 
               | Ever tried getting someone from Uber to talk to you as a
               | customer? You think they treat drivers differently? What
               | if you're driving for them to feed your children? What
               | kind of mood would you be in? How would you think "the
               | economy" is going?
               | 
               | Did you know that you can apply, get hired, and actually
               | start work at an Amazon warehouse _without speaking
               | verbally to a single human being ever_? Like you
               | literally go online and fill out forms, go to a building
               | and use a kiosk to check in, and so on, and are on the
               | job without a single conversation.
               | 
               | Can you try to actually really think about what being in
               | this economy _feels like_ to most people?
               | 
               | Now call them and ask them how the economy is doing. Do
               | you think they trust you, an educated social scientist
               | employed at faceless corporation that is calling them to
               | publish some news report on what they think? Do you think
               | they're interested in impressing you with their stock
               | market fluency? To the extent they are willing to talk to
               | you at all it's in the hopes that you'll fucking listen
               | to them when they tell you to _fucking do something about
               | this_ for once.
               | 
               | For half a dozen cycles in a row voters have picked the
               | person they thought was least in service of the assholes
               | who are in charge and inflicting this on everyone,
               | increasingly agitated that nobody actually fucking does
               | anything about it. They'll be doing it again later this
               | year.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Yeah. For normal people, "I am the economy". That is, I
               | don't care about the national economy or the world
               | economy. I don't care about how many widgets get produced
               | this month. What difference does it make to me if the
               | national economy is doing great, but I'm going broke? I
               | care whether I can afford to buy what I need this month.
               | To me, _that 's_ the economy.
               | 
               | (With "I" meaning the average person, not me personally.)
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Yet as a whole, people estimate the nation's economy
               | worse than their own. Clearly this can't be the case if
               | everyone thinks their economic circumstances are the
               | nation's economic circumstances, because if that were the
               | case you'd expect them to align on a national basis.
               | 
               | https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2024/05/23/views-of-
               | the...
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I think you could (almost) build a consistent picture:
               | Economic output is doing well, a lot of people are
               | working, but the rich are taking all the gains and the
               | workers are just barely surviving.
               | 
               | The problem is, if that's the case, who's buying all the
               | output? It's not just going into warehouses. So people
               | must be able to buy all this stuff.
               | 
               | An alternate view would be that people _have_ been buying
               | all this stuff, mostly on credit, and are realizing that
               | they 're maxed out on credit, especially if interest
               | rates rise.
               | 
               | But ultimately, the "sentiment" view matters. It may not
               | matter as much as the actual output numbers, but it
               | matters, because people are not purely "homo economicus".
               | They make decisions on how they feel about how things are
               | going, and if they think things are going badly, they buy
               | less, and eventually that influences the actual figures.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | > I think you could (almost) build a consistent picture:
               | Economic output is doing well, a lot of people are
               | working, but the rich are taking all the gains and the
               | workers are just barely surviving.
               | 
               | You figured it out.
               | 
               | Maybe replace "the rich" with "those with capital and
               | market power" but that's mostly a distinction without a
               | difference.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Could you now address the objection? If that's the case,
               | who's buying all the output?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Indeed. And you're suffering from the delusion that
               | there's some kind of distinction here that matters.
               | 
               | >There isn't.
               | 
               | the distinction does matter because policy discussion
               | should be around facts rather than vibes. Voters are the
               | ultimate arbiters for what policy should be, but that
               | doesn't mean we should shrug when their beliefs are
               | objectively wrong.
               | 
               | > The economy fucking sucks. It sucks because [...]
               | 
               | All the points you've made about bad the economy talks
               | past the points raised by mainstream economists. Sure,
               | "trapped and helpless in the face of corporate power"
               | isn't great, but how does that compare to 10%
               | unemployment, or an actual recession? What makes for a
               | economy that doesn't "fucking sucks"? More to the point,
               | vibecession might have started post pandemic, but
               | everything you said existed to some extent pre-pandemic.
               | Has "corporate power and constant, rampant unethical
               | conduct and cheating" actually gotten worse? Or did the
               | _perception_ get worse? That 's the problem with going
               | off vibes. Because there's no attempt to quantify it,
               | it's possible to know whether something actually got
               | worse, or people merely thought it got worse. You argue
               | that people "should be able to look around and realize
               | what's happening without resorting to regression
               | analysis", but this comment section is full of examples
               | where people were misinformed about various things (eg.
               | objective economic measures or crime stats). You end up
               | having to come up with contrived explanations to explain
               | their behavior (ie. them being wrong on factual questions
               | shouldn't impact their credibility because they're being
               | wrong to express rage against the system).
        
           | ramblenode wrote:
           | > It seems kind of lazy to observe that anecdotes contradict
           | statistics, and then conclude that it's the statistics are
           | wrong without providing any empirical evidence to the
           | contrary.
           | 
           | Anecdotes are empirical evidence. Statistics are just
           | collections of anecdotes obtained through systematized
           | processes. As such, statistics are only as good as the
           | process. 1 good observation can be better than 100 bad
           | observations.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | If you want to be nitpicky I suppose you can claim that
             | anecdotes is technically evidence and therefore that
             | statement is incorrect, but in the context of that comment
             | it doesn't change much. We basically have data collected by
             | statisticians at government agencies compared to...
             | people's vibes. As you said yourself "1 good observation
             | can be better than 100 bad observations", so I still think
             | it's a poor argument to claim the professional statistics
             | are wrong, and the only evidence you have is evidence
             | that's worse than the ones you're trying to refute.
        
         | braiamp wrote:
         | > economists unduly focus on a few metrics of dubious quality
         | 
         | Which is funny, because as economist, half of the material is
         | "these metric don't matter, if there's no benefit for the
         | population, but you can't ignore them either". It can be
         | summarized as something like "economic indicators are not
         | perfect measures of general well-being, but you need the
         | indicators to look good to be able to distribute well-being".
         | 
         | The thing is, that the public doesn't get that _nuance_. Good
         | economist know that a growing GPD doesn't mean that everyone is
         | feeling good, but also knows that a shrinking one means that
         | most will fell bad.
        
           | creer wrote:
           | So perhaps economists need to work on this "comm" issue. At
           | least the ones involved in government stats. "It's not their
           | job" only if they actively make it not their job.
           | 
           | I ran into this with NASA. A NASA "scientist" insisted it was
           | proper for them and their colleagues to ignore both valid and
           | crackpot suggestions or questions on the rationale that
           | "crackpots are gonna crackpot and they have limited time so
           | the proper response was to just ignore everyone and
           | everything except their (collectively) narrow research
           | projects." - Which are each extremely specific and grounded
           | in massive piles of internal assumptions as to what matters.
           | There was zero interest in the idea that they were paid by
           | the public and might want to improve their image now and
           | then.
        
         | hehdhdjehehegwv wrote:
         | My theory is the pandemic exposed the bear minimum people will
         | accept and society won't collapse.
         | 
         | Companies learned the true baseline of what they can get away
         | with and we're in a new permanent reality of everything sucking
         | right up to the exact line where it would collapse of it sucked
         | more.
        
         | tuatoru wrote:
         | Just listened to a podcast that pointed out that housing is
         | expensive, education is expensive, childcare is expensive, cars
         | are expensive, and money is expensive (interest rates are
         | high). And out of pocket expenses for healthcare are going up
         | and up.
         | 
         | Economists don't have a handle on the compromises and
         | adaptations that people have been making over the last decade
         | or more, e.g. moving to the cheaper place further out of town
         | rather than where they want to live, or house-sharing rather
         | than living as a couple.
         | 
         | It seems people are at the limit of the adaptations they can
         | make and are pretty pissed off about it.
        
         | bwanab wrote:
         | The personal experience of the economy isn't quite as you make
         | it. In polls, people do complain about the national economy
         | being in terrible shape, but by a fairly good margin report
         | that their own finances are in good shape. It's hard to weave a
         | coherent narrative from those contradictory data.
        
           | enraged_camel wrote:
           | This discrepancy is easy to explain. My personal finances are
           | quite fine but I have a LOT of friends who have to make a
           | living doing several gig jobs. Said friends are, on paper,
           | employed, and are getting by. But they are quite miserable:
           | stressed, overworked, no leisure time and no benefits.
           | 
           | That's why the article author is correct that macro stats
           | aren't good at capturing the quality of the lived experiences
           | of people - just the quantities.
        
       | throwaway63467 wrote:
       | I think in many areas the name of the game is to move the entire
       | market to a place where no real competition is possible. Housing
       | in most parts of the world is a good example, there's no reason
       | prices for housing should've gone up 300-400 % above inflation as
       | we really haven't run out of space in most places, yet here we
       | are. I have a hard time believing this is just the outcome of
       | unfortunate market conditions, it seems quite engineered to me.
        
         | patrickmay wrote:
         | Housing costs are primarily due to zoning and other local and
         | state government policies that limit or prohibit construction.
        
           | throwaway63467 wrote:
           | And these policies come into place all by themselves?
        
             | patrickmay wrote:
             | Of course not, but the policies are driven by politics that
             | prevent the market from providing what people want. High
             | housing prices aren't a market failure, they are due to
             | NIMBYism.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | This is a yes and no thing and can wildly vary.
               | 
               | In states that have much lower rates of regulation, house
               | prices are still up off the charts, yea, still way lower
               | than California, but they have pushed prices out of reach
               | of the people that live there, so there has to be
               | multiple pieces occurring (for example low interest rates
               | for a very long time).
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | Housing went up globally because of local policies all across
           | the world all at the same time, huh?
           | 
           | Perhaps housing went up because of a global increase in
           | wealth inequality.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >Housing went up globally because of local policies all
             | across the world all at the same time, huh?
             | 
             | 1. source for "Housing went up globally"?
             | 
             | 2. You don't really need every jurisdiction to by NIMBY for
             | global house prices to go up. For instance if half the
             | world is NIMBY and the other half is "meh", and housing
             | prices in the NIMBY half went up 50% while the other half
             | stayed the same, you'd still observe that "Housing went up
             | globally".
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | In Massachusetts we have to follow international building
               | codes with some commonwealth wide modifications.
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | Those aren't invalid things to drive a markets costs. I would
           | say modern building codes that are used to ensure safety
           | standards and accessibility are true drivers of cost.
           | Achieving new standards without a cost increase is
           | unrealistic. Older higher quality doors need to be replaced
           | with inferior quality doors that have UL stickers.
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | I don't believe these changes can drive such an absurd
             | increase in housing costs.
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | Structures do cost more. This is mostly increases in
               | labor and code compliance costs. In hot markets the
               | structure cost is dwarfed by the land cost though. There
               | is only so much prime real estate available. That won't
               | stop techies from trying to build a house in a factory to
               | bring down prices, even though that makes little sense.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | Here, in Ireland, the cost is pushed up mostly by
               | planning. There's plenty of space, but due to planning
               | (mostly limited by NIMBYs and apparently professional
               | objectors), it is difficult to actually get approval for
               | anything.
               | 
               | There's plenty of space and myriad of old houses in a
               | state of decomposition, but only houses can be built, and
               | apartments are scarce. People are going into bidding wars
               | where you need to throw an extra 20% just to win the bid.
               | 
               | It certainly isn't the cost of materials or labor costs.
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | They did for my project. Code compliance number driver of
               | cost by a longshot in change of use renovation project.
               | The sprinkler system and the 4' vertical lift cost as
               | much as the 12,000 sq foot building on 1 acre.
        
         | bobajeff wrote:
         | Speaking of housing it looks to me like housing costs are
         | having the biggest effect on the economy as it typically costs
         | more than a third of income for most people. It's probably the
         | biggest cost of living expense and so the reason people are
         | asking for higher wages and why running small businesses is
         | becoming harder or impossible. I'm sure the dominos don't stop
         | there either.
        
       | nv-vn wrote:
       | >Today, Verisign is the single most profitable company in the
       | stock market, a great example of an economic termite
       | 
       | This is just blatantly false. VeriSign is in fact the 1215th most
       | profitable company in the stock market [1]. By operating margin,
       | it's 155th [2]. I find it hard to give an article much credit
       | when I can't even get past the introduction without having to
       | comb through citationless false/misleading statements.
       | 
       | [1] https://companiesmarketcap.com/most-profitable-
       | companies/pag...
       | 
       | [2] https://companiesmarketcap.com/top-companies-by-operating-
       | ma...
        
         | snozolli wrote:
         | Verisign has a profit of around $1B with around 1k employees.
         | 
         | Ingersoll Rand has around 18k employees. SBI holdings has
         | around 19k. Beiersdorf has around 21k.
         | 
         | I don't know what the author was thinking or why it was phrased
         | that way, but Verisign seems vastly more profitable _per
         | employee_ than others on the list. Also, I have no idea why
         | they even need ~1k employees.
        
       | jensenbox wrote:
       | Adobe
        
       | gmuslera wrote:
       | Termites or some kind of blood-sucking parasite? Something bigger
       | than fleas, maybe ticks? The effect is different, and ones are
       | meant for i.e. buildings and the other for living thing.
       | 
       | I see that as taxes, imposed by some private entity instead of
       | the government, and without potential benefits for you as some
       | taxes may be.
       | 
       | And if is that role, there are more direct imposed players that
       | somewhat suck money to let the system work, starting with some
       | banking and insurance.
        
       | DarkContinent wrote:
       | Re LinkedIn as an example of an economic termite:
       | 
       | It's certainly true that LinkedIn is the go to for white collar
       | professionals seeking to make their resumes visible passively to
       | recruiters. But isn't life still easier with LinkedIn than in the
       | before times, when recruiters would dig deep to get folks' phone
       | numbers and then have to call each of those people individually?
       | (I think the modern equivalent would be email addresses.)
       | 
       | It's true that LinkedIn makes recruiting much easier to scale to
       | a mass market. And it's also true that it has a monopoly on that
       | scaling for professional employees. But is it fair to call them
       | an economic termite when it's still possible to do sourcing in an
       | admittedly clunky and old fashioned way? Just because they have a
       | monopoly on scaled recruiting doesn't mean that they hold all the
       | cards the way Linde (also in the profile) would in the gas
       | market. This is particularly borne out by the existence of Indeed
       | or Stack Overflow as options for posting your resume for
       | recruiting.
        
         | nutrie wrote:
         | Maybe it is, maybe it isn't. It's not the point. Lawyers tend
         | to puff their smokescreens, convincing people antitrust agenda
         | is difficult. It isn't. Once you start eating a certain amount
         | of the pie, the rules of the game change for you, and you only,
         | because you become too strong, causing imbalance and
         | threatening stability.
         | 
         | I'm sure LinkedIn's legal department employs an army of
         | antitrust specialists frequently dealing with accusations from
         | their competitors. That's a good thing.
         | 
         | There's one position you never wanna be in: When you don't have
         | a choice, and it doesn't matter whether you're a company or an
         | individual. Autodesk is one prime example of a long-term nasty
         | sales behavior significantly distorting the market. Last but
         | not least, democratic governments around the globe have been
         | failing to enforce these laws, not to mention these are in many
         | cases too permissive in the first place.
        
         | hobs wrote:
         | 2022 Stack discontinued their job posting options as it was not
         | viable.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | I wouldn't use Stack Overflow as an example of the market not
           | being viable. 2022 SO had a horrible reputation problem, and
           | their main value proposition (that is, qualifying the
           | candidates) used a metric that was completely broken and
           | probably counterproductive in practice (but we can't know
           | that one for sure).
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | LinkedIn is eating both sides of the pie; 50 eur for premium,
         | it's ridiculous and we are here because we really have no
         | choice.
        
       | doe_eyes wrote:
       | What I find odd about the article is that it does very little to
       | substantiate its core claim - that the reason the economy is
       | broken are small monopolists-but-not-really-monopolists who are
       | trying to fleece you.
       | 
       | It opens with the example of rising construction costs. The only
       | remotely relevant example here is Autodesk, but by the article's
       | own admission, "the cost of these products remains relatively
       | minor". And that's an overstatement: they are negligible. I guess
       | Assa Abloy is another example, but really - mini-monopolist
       | power? It's one of countless lock manufacturers. You can buy
       | Schlage, Kwikset, ABUS...
       | 
       | In fact, no serious study of the construction industry pins cost
       | increases on stuff like that. There are far more powerful factors
       | at play. The laborers you hire want to be paid more than before
       | (and the government is rising minimum wages). Compliance is
       | getting costlier due to ever-evolving building codes,
       | environmental and energy regulations, and zoning. Customer
       | expectations are increasing (higher finish, more sqft). To the
       | extent the materials are getting expensive, it's usually not your
       | lumber mill being greedy.
       | 
       | I don't expect every opinion piece to offer irrefutable proofs,
       | but there is really no effort to build a case for that claim at
       | all.
       | 
       | Plus, I think the article falls for the classic trap of "rising
       | prices are not inflation, it's <something else I don't like>".
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | The areas I _might_ agree with this for construction would be
         | something like lumbermills - where we have plenty of timber
         | available but there's a bottleneck of capital for mill capacity
         | and they've been able to raise prices sharply in the past few
         | years. Investors don't want to pay to build enough capacity to
         | bring prices down because then only older paid-off mills would
         | win a pricing war if there were any excess capacity.
        
           | tomrod wrote:
           | Economic theory asserts that where there is profit to be made
           | you will find entrants. So unless something stops entrants
           | for mills (ie funding availability) we should anticipate
           | economic profits to decrease.
        
             | nothercastle wrote:
             | Eventually maybe but the Capitol investment is high and
             | only a few firms are in the market place who are capable of
             | playing. If they enter they expand they will decrease their
             | own margins and that's generally not desirable. Why take
             | risks if you don't have to and you can live out your tenure
             | as ceo collect big bucks and Retire without any. Everyone
             | wants to run their business slowly into the ground US steel
             | and K-mart style
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | This here. We see this cycle quite often. Some economic
               | crisis in a product hits and the price shoots up. Other
               | entrants raise capital for the rather expensive factories
               | required to make the product in its modern form. By the
               | time the factories come on line, the entrenched interests
               | fat with profits plunge prices very low and for some time
               | driving out the new players and then you see prices rise
               | back to higher levels and maintain that price.
               | 
               | It seems to many people don't realize it's not about
               | making and selling the product. It's about the
               | economic/money game. It's not about selling a car, it's
               | about being a bank giving financing. It's not about
               | selling a retail product, it's about credit cards. It's
               | not about refining mined products, it's about controlling
               | the willingness to invest in the sector.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | Not saying it's wrong but that seems a strange. Around
               | here there are still small mills - some with strange
               | strategies where they will drive lumber large distances.
               | Although they do specialize in this or that product. And
               | seem profitable even though they are small. Meaning that
               | the market can perhaps be entered with a small mill.
               | 
               | But in many economic fields there are unstable states
               | where all producers can be worried but happy not to
               | expand and just raise prices - as long as nobody else
               | expands. "Eventually" can be a long time.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | It's not about the size of the mill, but the capital cost
               | to build a new one. No one is willing to invest the
               | capital in building new mills because the old ones can
               | always undercut their prices and kill them long before
               | they turn a profit. It's the economic equivalent of a
               | prisoner's dilemma.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | That works against a large new entrant. No industry is
               | going to lower their massive collective profit just to
               | shoo away a small new entrant.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | Lumbermills are a local industry since transportation is
               | a very significant fraction of the final cost. No one is
               | shipping wood from Oregon to a mill on the East coast to
               | sell to a construction company in California, so every
               | mill is very much sensitive to local competitors.
               | 
               | Ironically it's the larger mills that are insensitive to
               | this dynamic, since they supply huge national customers
               | like the big box stores or export to international
               | markets. If Home Depot or Lowes decide their suppliers
               | need a new mill, they finance it and it gets built.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | This is what suprised me when I did a (very cursory) look
               | in there. It seems some mills do ship back and forth
               | quite a ways along the West Coast.
               | 
               | And I don't know that Home Depot and Lowes have that much
               | of the market. They are not the ones that serve large
               | construction projects. But if they did, it would be
               | enough of a long term market that they could influence
               | prices by funding new mills in exchange for more say into
               | the price, a share of any profit, both, whatever. If they
               | had this capacity, they could solve this funding issue.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Investment capital for large projects is why the stock
               | market was invented.
        
             | Der_Einzige wrote:
             | Everyone knows that a good reimplementation of CUDA will
             | make them trillions but despite 15 years, no one has made
             | anything even close to it.
             | 
             | There's profit to be made and no entrants. How can we
             | explain this? If your answer is "AMD et al tried" you
             | aren't paying attention to just how pathetic and shallow
             | their efforts have been and still are.
        
               | cpgxiii wrote:
               | Every GPU vendor knows that actually supporting a
               | reimplementation of CUDA for their hardware immediately
               | signs them up for two problems:
               | 
               | 1. Protracted lawsuits with the (now) second-most-
               | valuable company in the world. 2. Any significant
               | customers being loudly reminded by Nvidia that the EULA
               | for CUDA tools prohibits their use on non-Nvidia
               | hardware.
               | 
               | The problem is not the technical challenge of
               | reimplementing the CUDA API or tools. The problem is the
               | users want _CUDA_ , not something that looks and behaves
               | like CUDA but requires them to load a different set of
               | libraries.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | In addition to the other response (risks), the economy is
               | not a stable homogeneous field. None of the economy is a
               | stable homogeneous field. Instead it's a bunch of
               | discrete individuals living their life and each focusing
               | on just a few things.
               | 
               | And this goes both ways. For a competitor to form
               | requires one small team of founders who are insane enough
               | (in a good way) to believe they should try it, and a
               | funding source that's ready to take the gamble on/with
               | them. So you might get a fantastically successful company
               | "out of nowhere" (Amazon, say). Or you might get a field
               | where nobody is at the moment on hand to try it. Or
               | several do try it and fail silently and you never hear of
               | them. They are individuals, not some mathematical
               | process.
               | 
               | See also, even "efficient market" does not refer to THAT.
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | Unless there is market power and exploitation by
             | monopolists.
             | 
             | Which just so happens to be the overarching principal of
             | Matt Stoller's life's work.
        
             | bequanna wrote:
             | In the long run, sure.
             | 
             | But as the saying goes: in the long run we're all dead.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > is that it does very little to substantiate its core claim -
         | that the reason the economy is broken are small monopolists-
         | but-not-really-monopolists who are trying to fleece you
         | 
         | It's Matt Stoller [0].
         | 
         | He tends to write his substack (and formerly his blog at the
         | OMI under New America) in a very pathos driven manner in order
         | to change the conversation around anti-trust.
         | 
         | He also seems to be trying to become a Republican Rohit Chopra
         | (assuming Hawley climbs the ladder) and is competing with Oren
         | Cass on that front.
         | 
         | There is a need to rework antitrust to take into account
         | digital platforms, but imo Matt Stoller's attempts only serve
         | to undermine the conversation, given that these are very
         | technical conversations that have a high legal bar to pass.
         | Going all "bull in a China store" a la Lina Khan only leads to
         | appeals and out of court settlements in favor of the
         | defendants.
         | 
         | Based on second-hand experience, now's the best time for M&A on
         | that front - you're almost guaranteed to have the FTC fumble a
         | case and settle out of court.
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/04/21/matt-
         | stoll...
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | >In fact, no serious study of the construction industry pins
         | cost increases on stuff like that. There are far more powerful
         | factors at play. The laborers you hire want to be paid more
         | than before (and the government is rising minimum wages).
         | Compliance is getting costlier due to ever-evolving building
         | codes, environmental and energy regulations, and zoning.
         | Customer expectations are increasing (higher finish, more
         | sqft). To the extent the materials are getting expensive, it's
         | usually not your lumber mill being greedy.
         | 
         | In general, you're probably seeing some increased disparity
         | between the cost of things that require some significant levels
         | of labor--especially if skills are involved to any great degree
         | --and those that can be dealt with mostly by "just" throwing
         | capital at the problem.
         | 
         | Over time I expect you'll see more automation, more self-
         | service, and--yes--more just doing without of things that cost
         | more to deliver than you can or want to pay for.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | yeah it's basically a longwinded way of saying "market power is
         | a thing", and a clumsy one that kludges absolute monopoly
         | rentiers like Verisign, companies reneging on partnerships and
         | conventional _market leaders tend to put their prices up when
         | their product is much more useful than the alternatives_ all
         | into the same bracket.
         | 
         | Market power obviously is a thing which affects pricing, but
         | market power in BIM software doesn't have anywhere near as much
         | to do with construction costs or everyday experience as fuel
         | price increases or labour shortages.
        
         | kiney wrote:
         | There's a very simple reason why it does very little to
         | substantiate its core claim: The claim is simply wrong and
         | therefore can't be substantiated
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | so, you do not believe prices are inflating?
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > the article falls for the classic trap of "rising prices are
         | not inflation, it's <something else I don't like>".
         | 
         | Inflation is a general price increase caused by an increase in
         | the supply of money relative to the value of goods and services
         | in the economy. It's simple supply & demand - more money
         | chasing the same number of goods => general price increases.
         | Inflation prices never going down is a clear indicator that
         | this is the cause.
         | 
         | A general price increase could be cause by something like
         | supply chain disruptions. But when the disruption eases, the
         | prices will go back down. (We see this in the cost of a gallon
         | of gas over time.)
        
           | neilwilson wrote:
           | It's not quite that simple.
           | 
           | If I give you a new PS20 note and you put it in a drawer then
           | that won't cause prices to go up.
           | 
           | It's not money supply that's the issue, it's money flow vs
           | capacity to produce.
           | 
           | There isn't a fixed amount of stuff and there certainly isn't
           | a fixed speed at which money can change hands.
        
       | mistermann wrote:
       | I'd be surprised if there is a single person in this comment
       | section who would not defend to the death the root cause of all
       | of this: fake democracy.
       | 
       | I used to hate Moloch, and hope for him to die, slowly. I've
       | given up and switched sides: I now cheer him on, I may be his
       | very biggest fan. You all deserve what you get, and I hope it
       | gets even worse. I hope your enjoyment level on this planet
       | reaches parity with that of the people of Palestine.
       | 
       | PS: I am very sorry for being political, I will try really hard
       | to improve. After all, none of this is really a big deal, I am
       | personally doing quite nicely for myself thank you very much so
       | why should I complain? It is not rational. I will try to be more
       | rational.
       | 
       | https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/07/30/meditations-on-moloch/
       | 
       | https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMr8FGyBL/
       | 
       | https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMr8FgQeE/
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | The fundamental problem all these examples are linked to is the
       | rise of centralized power in the economy, and the antidote has
       | been known for a long time, see this 1952 book by John Galbraith:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Capitalism
       | 
       | > "...private decisions could and presumably would lead to the
       | unhampered exploitation of the public, or of workers, farmers and
       | others who are intrinsically weak as individuals. Such decisions
       | would be a proper object of state interference or would soon so
       | become."
       | 
       | Economists like Michael Hudson (I'm a fan) repeatedly refer to
       | the rentier class in this context, and a rentier system (wiki)
       | can be described as one in which
       | 
       | > "productive investments are largely lacking, the highest
       | possible share of income is skimmed off from ground-rents, leases
       | and rents and thus in many developing countries, rentier
       | capitalism is an obstacle to economic development. A rentier is
       | someone who earns income from capital without working. (wiki)"
       | 
       | Note that if you take capital and use it in a different way, e.g.
       | to build a factory in which you are actively involved in design
       | and production, you are not a rentier, but rather an industrial
       | capitalist (I think we can safely put Elon Musk in this category,
       | and Warren Buffett in the rentier group, for example). For more
       | on this notion:
       | 
       | https://thebaffler.com/salvos/dilemmas-of-the-rentier-class
       | 
       | There are several policies which undermine the power of the
       | rentier class - antitrust in competetive industries is one, but
       | equally important is the nationalization and state control of
       | fundamental sectors that are non-competitive and thus fall under
       | the natural monopoly heading - water, roads, ports, electrical
       | grids, fiber optic networks, basic public health care and
       | education, emergency services, etc. - basically the
       | infrastructure that makes all other economic activity possible,
       | and which the likes of Buffett - a noted utility investor - have
       | had their fat fingers in for many decades.
       | 
       | China has incorporated these concepts into its state capitalism
       | model and that's why it is outperforming the USA and Europe when
       | it comes to technological and economic development in almost all
       | sectors, from solar panels to high speed rail to water projects,
       | and now, chips. They're still behind in space tech, but that's
       | really only due to the phenomenon of SpaceX.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | The utility sector has a 10% profit margin. Hardly an example
         | of a monopoly abusing its position. If utilities were
         | nationalized the maximum possible gain is 10% and the potential
         | loss is the unlimited capacity of the government to waste
         | resources.
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | Not true the maximum losses a private utility can generate
           | for the public are unlimited because the losses always get
           | nationalized. The 10% margin is after C suite grift so it's
           | likely more than 10% you can save. Plus if you are on the
           | hook for losses might as well take the 10%
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | It will be paid out of tax money either way. To save me
             | money the government would have to either:
             | 
             | 1. run the operation at least 90% as cost effectively
             | 
             | 2. be less likely to make major costly mistakes
             | 
             | From my experience with government the probability of 1 is
             | 0% and the probability of 2 is minimal. At least when PG&E
             | caused those wildfires, their execs were fired and had to
             | pay $100 million of their own personal money in damages.
             | This doesn't happen when government employees screw up.
             | They don't even lose their jobs.
        
               | nothercastle wrote:
               | The fact that they had 100 mil to pay speaks of the
               | excesses salaries were paying them.
               | 
               | PGE isn't really run any more efficiently than a
               | government institution, at least with government there is
               | some measure of transparency, though accountability is
               | lacking for both situations.
               | 
               | Capitalism doesn't drive efficiency when there is no
               | competition, in fact the incentive for PGE is to drive up
               | actual costs and then raise prices to maintain 10%. The
               | more expensive and inefficient they are the larger the
               | 10% bucket is.
        
           | creer wrote:
           | 10% profit margin says not much.
           | 
           | Maximum 10% gain is not true for example because a contracted
           | utility has little pressure to improve services, create new
           | services, invent new energy processes, open or serve new
           | markets. They can go with the generic political will and
           | collect their garanteed 10%. Private enterprise wins or loses
           | potentially big specifically by not doing that.
           | 
           | Maximum 10% gain is also not true for example because there
           | is little pressure to "do it right" from an economic outcome
           | point of view (when to plan expansions, how to schedule
           | maintenance). Skipping the extremely politically incorrect
           | example.
           | 
           | Maximum 10% gain is also not true for example because the
           | current sector rarely has the opportunity to expand
           | dramatically to support a dramatic new industry. (In that
           | case, the gain would come from the new industry - AND the
           | expanding utility sector) Even the Pacific North West did it
           | the other way around: available surplus energy caused new
           | industry to settle there.
        
       | teeray wrote:
       | My most recent instance of this is online ordering with Dunkin'
       | Donuts. The app has no feedback to indicate what items are in
       | stock, so it's possible to order things that can't be fulfilled.
       | If you don't want their substitute, the store cannot cancel the
       | order. You have to call an 800 number and plead your case. Sure,
       | it's not a huge hardship, but it's another instance of making the
       | cancellation path more difficult to frustrate people into writing
       | off the order.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | Dunkin's are franchises.
         | 
         | What you're describing is an inventory cataloging issue caused
         | by limited quality and inventory control from corporate over
         | franchisees.
        
           | GiorgioG wrote:
           | Dunkin's are a franchise, but they're using Dunkin's
           | hardware, software, etc. It's absolutely within their ability
           | to track (and force franchisees to track) inventory. It's
           | also within Dunkin Corp's ability to give stores the
           | capability to provide refunds from the retail locations.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | > It's absolutely within their ability to track (and force
             | franchisees to track) inventory
             | 
             | Depends on whether or not the franchisee has implemented
             | inventory tracking correctly.
             | 
             | > It's also within Dunkin Corp's ability to give stores the
             | capability to provide refunds from the retail locations
             | 
             | That's the franchisee's decision at that point. Dunkin's
             | corporate was out of the loop in that transaction and as
             | such is reticent.
             | 
             | Dunkin's tends to hold its franchisees to a lower quality
             | bar imo.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | The comment was about stores not being empowered to cancel
           | orders to the detriment of the customers, not about the
           | reasons why that order was cancelled. The point stands if,
           | say, the store was suddenly closed due to a burst pipe.
           | Corporate is counting on there being enough friction in
           | calling them on the phone to prevent people from doing it
           | altogether.
        
           | zo1 wrote:
           | Screw franchises and franchising. That's the kind of business
           | model we need to get rid of, because it's basically a
           | "subsidiary" model that shields the parent company from
           | liability.
           | 
           | At the very least it complicates the dynamic. "Am I really
           | hurting Dunkins or am I just ruining a small business owner
           | that pays a crap ton of money to the franchise owner and
           | mortgaged his house to open this little franchise of
           | Dunkins".
        
         | GiorgioG wrote:
         | Dispute the charge with your bank - you did not get what you
         | paid for, and it's not on you to chase them down and waste your
         | time. If/when enough people do this, they'll get their shit
         | together.
        
           | citizenpaul wrote:
           | This is basically a variation on tragedy of the commons. The
           | solution is right there in front of everyone and "simply"
           | requires everyone to do it coordinately. I've told this
           | solution to numerous people, just log onto your bank website
           | and click "dispute" and thats it you are done. Nope, they
           | either don't believe me or are afraid of doing it because
           | "banks". They continue to just allow crappy businesses to
           | effectively steal their money or they waste time with a 45min
           | customer service call.
           | 
           | Its the same with many other things like simply boycotting an
           | abusive business. People say starbucks is bad. All that is
           | required to "destroy" starbucks is simply go to any of the
           | dozens of local coffee shops that exist everywhere for a
           | month instead. That would make the heads spin/roll at the
           | C-level at starbucks but still no one does it.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >I've told this solution to numerous people, just log onto
             | your bank website and click "dispute" and thats it you are
             | done
             | 
             | This depends heavily on your bank. I can see this working
             | if you're using a neobank, but there's plenty of legacy
             | banks that require you to call in, wait on hold, etc.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Why do you believe that people who think Starbucks is bad
             | are the people who love Starbucks? The vast majority of
             | people aren't coffee snobs.
        
               | citizenpaul wrote:
               | Oh man... it was just a random example of a business
               | people regularly slam publicly for bad behavior with tons
               | of alternatives. Feel free to fill in a bad company of
               | your choice but often people simply keep going back to
               | the company that ripped them off even when its trivial to
               | change was my point.
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | Disputing with banks isn't particularly reliable. These
             | larger companies have a script now for responding for one,
             | and the other thing that happens is they'll kill your
             | account and permanently ban you.
             | 
             | Neither of those accomplishes the goal of being able to
             | purchase the product or service _without being ripped off_.
        
               | teeray wrote:
               | > the other thing that happens is they'll kill your
               | account and permanently ban you
               | 
               | This practice really should be illegal. "I don't want to
               | do business with you because I screwed up, you correctly
               | called me on it, and I had to refund you." PERMABAN.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | You know that companies will eventually wise up and start
           | taking _you_ to small claims court for trying to do this
           | small time subversiveness. AI will make stuff like this
           | possible, and individualized resistance like this can and
           | will be snuffed out once and for all.
        
             | portaouflop wrote:
             | Why should you continue to be a customer with these
             | companies in that case?
             | 
             | Sounds like learned helplessness to me
        
       | barlines wrote:
       | Economic Termite is a useful new term and I do hope it becomes
       | more popular.
       | 
       | Some other examples that the author didn't cover:
       | 
       | Payment processors: VISA/ Mastercard have near monopoly over
       | transaction fees
       | 
       | Digital Ads: Google & Facebook are the Economic Termites in that
       | space.
       | 
       | Cloud Service Providers: The ET's here are AWS and Azure!
       | 
       | Text book publishers: Prices always ever go up as the publishers
       | control the market tightly.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Americans will swear that Visa and Mastercard earn their
         | transaction fees, but the EU simply mandated them much lower
         | and they were suddenly much lower, and the cards still work
         | here. You don't get rewards, but that's fine, because you're
         | saving that money in fees.
        
       | torpfactory wrote:
       | I have a theory that one of the core problems is that American
       | businesses just expect to make too much money. Everyone seems to
       | be aiming for 30% gross margin or more, and then working to get
       | monopoly power or regulatory capture in order to achieve that.
       | 
       | When I work with businesses in China they sort of expect
       | cutthroat competition and I'm sure they're not seeing 30%
       | margins. Low a behold stuff is a lot cheaper there, beyond what
       | you'd expect given the labor price difference.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | Antitrust is different in China.
         | 
         | State-Owned Enterprises and locally backed private
         | conglomerates tend to help put downward price pressures on a
         | lot of goods [0][1] plus there is a system of price ceilings
         | depending on the commodity or product.
         | 
         | Local subsidies and tax breaks also help with minimizing the
         | upfront cost allowing for smaller margins being sustainable
         | over a longer term.
         | 
         | [0] - https://businesslawreview.uchicago.edu/print-
         | archive/chinese...
         | 
         | [1] - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/chinese-
         | antitrust-ex...
        
           | chii wrote:
           | For a lot of commodity manufacturing stuffs (think screws,
           | etc), it's actually true that china has a lot of internal
           | competition which drives down costs.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | > I have a theory that one of the core problems is that
         | American businesses just expect to make too much money.
         | 
         | If you pay attention to certain board meetings, earnings calls,
         | and so on, or if you had the opportunity to work for certain
         | companies, you'll find people talking about the growth of
         | growth, i.e. second order. It seems that the notion of
         | sustainable growth is just gone. Corporations chasing lofty
         | goals in absurdly short timeframes.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Its modern investing. People are selling options covered by
           | their shares. Little movements from headlines can turn into
           | big double digit percent gains on a position in a day due to
           | the way options are priced.
        
       | talkingtab wrote:
       | I have an axe to grind, so let me be clear: I believe there is
       | strong evidence that we have moved from something approaching a
       | democracy to a corpocracy. I expect many people will tune this
       | out, but here is the question, crucial one.
       | 
       | Who Benefits?
       | 
       | Do the laws that are passed benefit the common people or
       | corporations? You figure it out. Please do not bother with the
       | whole trickle down nonsense, unless you want to buy this bridge I
       | have. And who can use the law? Can you afford a lawyer? Who can?
       | The author says ".. I want my money back!" Good luck with that.
       | If common people cannot enact laws to their benefit and cannot
       | use the courts to their right wrongs, then we are not a
       | democracy.
       | 
       | The article states: "the last four administrations choosing to
       | 'privatize' domain registration". So why did that happen? It
       | happened because we allow corporations to pay for our elections.
       | You want to be elected or get funding to stay there? Lobby, aka
       | bribe.
       | 
       | This is legal because the US Supreme Court in *Citizens United v.
       | FEC* granted personhood to corporations. We have a situation
       | where our "elected" officials owe there election to corporations.
       | 
       | In case you think this analysis is far-fetched here is an article
       | on the American Bar Association site:
       | https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_r...
       | 
       | The crucial issue, the emergency, is that these "termites" as the
       | article calls them are now so pervasive that they threaten our
       | society. Our government has decided to use the change in prices,
       | inflation, as the crucial measure of well being. Their argument
       | is that if the rate of change is low, there is no problem.
       | However, wages are the major factor in the economic condition of
       | common people. If common people cannot earn enough (low wages)
       | enough to afford common costs of living we have a new term to add
       | to 'enshitification', etc. It is 'enslavification'.
        
         | palata wrote:
         | I think that we see everywhere that we are reaching the end of
         | a system. Everything has been pushed to its limits.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >This is legal because the US Supreme Court in _Citizens United
         | v. FEC_ granted personhood to corporations.
         | 
         | This is a misunderstanding of Citizens United v. FEC. From
         | wikipedia
         | 
         | >The court held 5-4 that the freedom of speech clause of the
         | First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting
         | independent expenditures for political campaigns by
         | corporations, nonprofit organizations, labor unions, and other
         | associations.
         | 
         | It didn't grant "personhood to corporations". That was already
         | a recognized concept centuries before.
        
       | deskr wrote:
       | I think this will definitely fuel the maker movement.
       | 
       | Inevitably, some of those makers will start up a business. Small
       | scale at first, but some might grow. I don't know if it'll grow
       | into a real threat though.
       | 
       | But I do know that most of MBA Termites I know don't give a damn
       | if their current workplace tanks. As long they'll hit their bonus
       | targets for the year, they are good.
       | 
       | https://makercity.com/book/factoids/
        
       | johnwatson11218 wrote:
       | This is the time for AI assisted efforts to merge with open
       | source to deliver alternatives to all these Big Company type
       | proprietary software solutions. I have been thinking of what it
       | would cost to create enterprise workflow and document management
       | but based on nodejs. Perhaps targeting the business markets of a
       | smaller country such as Pakistan could be a way to get real world
       | feedback before larger markets are targeted. Need all the
       | documentation translated into Pashto? There is now an app for
       | that. Seriously - how hard would it be to recreate the 80% of
       | features that Autodesk is actually used for? Just to get
       | something that is "good enough", using AI to architect it, design
       | the test suites, the integration suites etc?
        
         | losthalo wrote:
         | The problem is the cost to shift to a new product, not cost of
         | the product.
        
           | johnwatson11218 wrote:
           | Not sure what you guys are trying to say here but I have
           | seen, with my own eyes, large enterprise software systems
           | that end up being so fragile it makes you laugh. The
           | incumbents in this space make dinosaurs look like spring
           | chickens by comparison.
           | 
           | There are millions upon millions of dollars being spent on
           | stupid, outdated software that simply does not work. The main
           | thrust of my original comment was that - "you thought open
           | source was impressive? wait until the rise of AI powered open
           | source". I think the highly arcane world of enterprise
           | software is similar to being a travel agent in the mid to
           | late 90s.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | And who is providing support when the file they create doesn't
         | work?
         | 
         | At the end of the day test and integration is a stupid huge
         | amount of work. Moreso when you have one large company that
         | controls the format and makes "little oopsies" that you have to
         | figure out and fix.
        
       | anonu wrote:
       | Whatever happened to "your margin is my opportunity"?
        
         | pseudalopex wrote:
         | "Competition is for losers"
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | Massive amounts of capital required to join the market.
         | Especially where you can't directly sale to the customer (and
         | yes, this includes selling on Amazon).
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | Anti-competitive pricing.
         | 
         | This shouldn't really be confusing this is first hour first day
         | stuff if you study how and why monopolies exist and can
         | persist.
         | 
         | Here's an instant example. Let's say I own every single gas
         | station in your city, a thousand of them or so, and I charge
         | 100% gross margins on gasoline. I do hundreds of millions of
         | dollars in business.
         | 
         | You want to open a gas station with lower margins and undercut
         | me. You pick a good location and open it.
         | 
         | Great, my location across the street can just sell below your
         | cost unit you run out of money. Bye, see you later. Was that in
         | your business plan? Where'd you get all that capital? What kind
         | of return were they expecting, and how will you deliver it
         | selling below cost for an indefinitely long period of time?
         | 
         | Also where are you sourcing your gas? Maybe I have already
         | locked up all the current deliveries given my buying power with
         | the refinery. Also what happens when you find out that nobody
         | will service your pumps because I've locked them all up too,
         | and am paying more than you can afford. And you can't afford
         | anything because you're selling every gallon at a loss.
         | Meanwhile the last couple years of 100% margins have given me a
         | giant pile of cash I can use to do all of these things.
         | 
         | That's just a basic example. Sure yeah maybe you could somehow
         | attack this market, with a bunch of capital, maybe there's like
         | something you could do to compete with me.
         | 
         | But you're an ambitious and aggressive entrepreneur and that is
         | going to be a TON of work. Why not just, like, start a
         | different business?
        
       | VyseofArcadia wrote:
       | I used to work for a competitor to AutoDesk. Popular opinion was
       | that we had, at least in a few key areas, a genuinely better
       | product, but it was pretty discouraging trying to make headway
       | against "but I already know Revit".
       | 
       | Vendor lock-in in professional tools is an interesting topic.
       | Sometimes it is active and malicious, but often it's just the
       | natural tendency to keep using the tools you already know how to
       | use.
        
       | dindobre wrote:
       | I feel like the gist of this could have been "rent seekers bad",
       | something I'd strongly agree with. A non-trivial part of society
       | is checked out of real work and milking others dry because of
       | existing conditions or acquired leverage.
        
         | tinnet wrote:
         | I agree. It seems like an effort to criticize issues of late
         | stage capitalism without sounding like a socialist.
         | 
         | There's also strong overlaps with Varoufakis'
         | "Technofeudalism", I.e. construction companies living in
         | autodesks fiefdom.
        
         | losthalo wrote:
         | Has anyone done a real study on what value the financial
         | industly adds?
        
       | Joel_Mckay wrote:
       | removed due to obligatory disclosure liability
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | > Despite the botfly score of an 83% LLM poorly auto-generated
         | article
         | 
         | Can you explain what this comment means?
         | 
         | This article is the personal writing of Matt Stoller, the most
         | prominent writer on issues of monopoly and anti-trust.
         | 
         | What do you think it is?
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | removed due to obligatory disclosure liability
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | And there's some reason I should believe the assessment of
             | some random LLM algorithm is more reliable than my own in
             | trusting that I am reading a guy who I've met and talked to
             | a couple times, who writes in a specific style and responds
             | to people on Twitter every day, speaks in public regularly,
             | and has been a prominent blogger with a consistent level of
             | output for about 20 years?
        
       | theptip wrote:
       | I do wonder if a better antitrust strategy would be to pursue a
       | portfolio of actions against second- or third-tier companies like
       | this; the current strategy of going up against Meta, Google,
       | Apple is sound in terms of raw size of antitrust abuses going on,
       | but they remain some of the most popular brands in the US and so
       | it's often hard to show consumer harm.
       | 
       | As a counterpoint, I suspect building momentum by actually
       | winning a bunch of smaller cases for companies like Autodesk or
       | Verisign where the average consumer doesn't have an opinion,
       | could shift the Overton Window on the issue.
       | 
       | I know you come into leadership positions at agencies like the
       | FTC planning for only having 4 years, maybe the above is naive
       | politically. Still, one can hope.
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | The FTC is doing that too all the time now. For obvious reasons
         | they don't draw the same headlines.
        
       | adampencev wrote:
       | Reading this as a European (Czechia) feels surreal. Every time a
       | merger or an acquisition takes place, it has to get approved by
       | the anti-monopoly bureau and it's not uncommon they deny it or
       | request some changes to the ownership structure.
        
         | palata wrote:
         | The US don't (seriously) do antitrust, that's a problem indeed.
        
       | smsm42 wrote:
       | I am wondering about the Autodesk example. If they suck so much
       | and the users hate them so much, why no competition have arisen?
       | Are there some government induced barriers? We saw Microsoft has
       | been an unassailable incumbent on browser market, OS market,
       | personal computing market, etc. And yet, their perceived monopoly
       | has been successfully attacked. It took big companies like Google
       | and Apple and IBM, but it turned out not to be impossible. I'm
       | sure some big companies wouldn't mind a chunk of CAD market - why
       | it's not happening then?
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | That's what Warren Buffett calls "moat". These are the companies
       | one should invest in.
        
       | baxtr wrote:
       | I learned this too late in life. You basically have 2 choices.
       | 
       | Either you spend your time working for someone to increase the
       | value of _their_ asset. You get paid a salary, sometimes a very
       | decent one. This is what society trains you for.
       | 
       | Or you own assets.
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | Is anyone interested in working together building a non profit to
       | bid for and replace the Versign .com operational contract
       | mentioned? Think Let's Encrypt for the domain registry.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Four.
       | 
       | That's the magic number. There have to be four competitors of
       | significant size before prices go down. There are both EU and US
       | studies substantiating this. It's been seen in cellular phone
       | networks, ISPs, drugstores, and banks. Drop below the threshold
       | of four, and the magic happens. Prices go up, margins go up, and
       | consumers lose.
       | 
       | Four should be the basis of antitrust policy. Less than four, and
       | there are two options - break up, or become a regulated public
       | utility.
       | 
       | Two or three isn't enough. Collusion happens. Explicitly or
       | implicitly, price competition doesn't happen with only two or
       | three players. Four seems to be enough that cartels usually break
       | up on their own. Somebody won't play ball.
       | 
       | Four.
        
         | alexpetralia wrote:
         | How about Uber vs. Lyft, for example? Do you think there is
         | competitive pricing here?
        
           | fire_lake wrote:
           | - they compete with local taxi firms
           | 
           | - they compete with other modes of transport
           | 
           | - prices have risen substantially after the VC land grab
           | tailed off
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Prices have also risen substantially after the government
             | began legislating driver pay.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | It's like there was never a business model there then.
               | Well, in a first world country anyway.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | For my area in Los Angeles, it wasn't viable because
               | everyone (or someone you know) has a car. a friend ride
               | is much cheaper than an Uber.
               | 
               | I only download the Uber app when I need to get to the
               | airport and am leaving for weeks at a time. Any other
               | time, I take myself, ask a friend, or even consider what
               | remnants we have of public transportation (e.g. instead
               | of taking a horribly expensive uber in/out of LAX, take a
               | shuttle to some smaller area and then hitch a ride. can
               | easily save 4x the cost for a $5 bus ride and maybe 30-45
               | extra minutes)
        
               | rblatz wrote:
               | That seems like a lot of effort, planning, and time to
               | save $20.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I sure wish they did more. My dang state passed Prop 22:
               | https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_22,_App-
               | Based...
               | 
               | >App-Based Drivers as Contractors and Labor Policies
               | Initiative (2020)
               | 
               | Sad part is it wasn't even close. Guess capitalism still
               | can buy votes, even ones that work against your best
               | interests as a working class.
        
               | Manuel_D wrote:
               | ...when the government legislated pay is over $26 per
               | hour. Plenty of business would see higher prices with
               | business-specific pay legislation mandating pay
               | substantially higher than minimum wage.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >That's the magic number. There have to be four competitors of
         | significant size before prices go down. There are both EU and
         | US studies substantiating this.
         | 
         | source?
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | "Entry and Competition in Concentrated Markets" [1]
           | 
           | This is a paper from 1991, from some economists at Stanford.
           | They say the key number is between 3 and 5. This was a study
           | of smaller businesses in small towns - doctors, dentists,
           | druggists, plumbers, and tire dealers.
           | 
           | "Competition Policy Brief (2021)" An EU study.[2] This is
           | much more of a macro study.
           | 
           | "How European Markets Became Free: A Study of Institutional
           | Drift"[3] This one compares US and EU antitrust policy
           | changes over time, especially for telecom and airlines.
           | 
           | There's overall agreement that trouble begins below 5
           | competitors.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.its.caltech.edu/~mshum/gradio/papers/bresreis
           | s_j...
           | 
           | [2] https://competition-
           | policy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12...
           | 
           | [3] http://germangutierrezg.com/GutierrezPhilippon_Europe_202
           | 0.p...
        
         | o1o1o1 wrote:
         | Can you please share some sources on this?
         | 
         | I was thinking about this when I saw that UAE only has du and
         | e& which both don't provide the best customer service to
         | formulate it nicely and prices which they could not ask for if
         | they had to compete with their EU counterparts.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | Speaking generally, not to you specifically, it seems like a
         | ton of people see the problems created by capitalism and decide
         | the solution is _even more capitalism_.
         | 
         | I don't think there's a magical number of competitors that
         | fixes things. We see an interesting phenomenon in commercial
         | landlords where we have a ton of players but they all use the
         | same software [1], which creates an effective monopoly even
         | though it's not a classical monopoly.
         | 
         | The problems we see in so many sectors were accurately
         | described in the 1800s by just analyzing the workers
         | relationships to the means of production. Internet access is a
         | textbook cexample. National ISPs should not exist. They are
         | rent-seeking parasites. The best Internet is in places with
         | municipal broadband.
         | 
         | It's just not feasible or economical to have 4+ broadband
         | networks being built in an area. [1]:
         | https://www.propublica.org/article/yieldstar-rent-increase-r...
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | > It's just not feasible or economical to have 4+ broadband
           | networks being built in an area
           | 
           | Actually, it is. When telephone systems were invented, lots
           | of telephone companies sprang up and ran wires everywhere.
           | The barrier to this happening with broadband is regulation.
           | Regulators work hard to ensure there is no broadband
           | competition.
           | 
           | > it seems like a ton of people see the problems created by
           | capitalism and decide the solution is even more capitalism.
           | 
           | I find that rather funny, as most people see the solution to
           | failed government programs is expanding those programs.
           | Anyone who wants to cut back such failures cannot get
           | elected.
        
             | lovich wrote:
             | > When telephone systems were invented, lots of telephone
             | companies sprang up and ran wires everywhere.
             | 
             | They did and cities ended up looking like this
             | http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--
             | 91pqSjxr...
             | 
             | There is not enough space to dedicate to electrical and
             | internet wiring with a competition model like this. The
             | physical space is a natural monopoly. What should be done
             | is to treat the wiring as a utility but allow for unlimited
             | competition on the actual service, which is how the UK
             | operates their internet service iirc
        
             | nitwit005 wrote:
             | That sort of industry gets regulated because letting people
             | build multiple incompatible networks is an extremely
             | expensive thing to do.
             | 
             | The railways often built incompatible tracks, signaling
             | systems, and so forth, which was a problem nation's still
             | struggle with.
             | 
             | Power companies created incompatible systems. Japan is
             | famous for running on two incompatible electrical grids to
             | this day.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | How many more humans would be needed to support 4 of every
         | company type?
        
           | saulpw wrote:
           | None, if each of the companies were 1/4 of the size.
        
             | cjblomqvist wrote:
             | Not necessarily true. Economies of scale is a thing.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | This. More, smaller companies mean more duplication and
               | overhead which can manifest in higher prices. One of the
               | biggest factors behind market consolidation and
               | centralization is because it reduces duplication and
               | overhead which can increase margins and might reduce
               | prices.
               | 
               | Merely increasing competition doesn't necessarily drive
               | prices down.
        
               | saulpw wrote:
               | Up to a point. Beyond that point, "economies of scale"
               | becomes "monopolies of scale". Which is Stoller's (and
               | the OP's) point.
        
           | primax wrote:
           | The same amount.
           | 
           | The 4 companies are competing for their share of the existing
           | business
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | How then do you explain the Silicon Valley wage price fixing
         | scandal? There were more than four players there.
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Cant wait for somehow the government to require four companies
         | in order to ensure good competition by some well intentioned
         | poorly reasoned and executed policies.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | > Four should be the basis of antitrust policy. Less than four,
         | and there are two options - break up, or become a regulated
         | public utility.
         | 
         | 3 options; usually monopolies are matched by regulatory
         | constraints making competition expensive. Removing the barriers
         | to other firms entering the market is always an option.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | I'm not sure of many, if any, monopolies where regulatory
           | constraints are the cause. Especially compared to causes like
           | network effects. Do you have a modern example?
           | 
           | I can think of a couple of examples where regulations exist
           | to manage other constraints on competition, like the FCC
           | regulating the spectrum. But not where the regulations cause
           | the number of major competitors to decrease dramatically.
        
       | berniedurfee wrote:
       | They forgot Adobe. Oh, and Protools. And I'm sure many others.
        
         | adzm wrote:
         | Protools has plenty of competition in my experience.
        
           | berniedurfee wrote:
           | Not in pro-studios. Most are stuck in Protools forever due to
           | lack of interoperability with other software.
           | 
           | You can run anything you want, until you need to send a
           | session to another studio and they only use Protools.
        
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