[HN Gopher] Feynman's Razor
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       Feynman's Razor
        
       Author : mmoustafa
       Score  : 341 points
       Date   : 2024-06-07 19:53 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (defenderofthebasic.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (defenderofthebasic.substack.com)
        
       | cde-v wrote:
       | That isn't a razor...
        
         | drewcoo wrote:
         | nods to Crocodile Dundee . . .
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Just physicists havin' fun.
        
         | px43 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_razor
         | 
         | > In philosophy, a razor is a principle or rule of thumb that
         | allows one to eliminate ("shave off") unlikely explanations for
         | a phenomenon, or avoid unnecessary actions.
         | 
         | I'd say maybe the rule here allows one to eliminate the useless
         | parts of an explanation, thus simplifying the process of coming
         | up with explanations for complicated things.
        
           | cde-v wrote:
           | I'd say it is too reactive to be a razor as opposed to a rule
           | that would prevent dumbing it down too far to begin with.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | I still wouldn't call it a razor.
           | 
           | A razor is when you have a large number of potential
           | explanations and want a simple rule to check if it worth
           | further scrutiny. Occam's razor is the most famous, it says
           | that the simplest explanation is probably the right one,
           | Hanlon's razor is another one, it says that stupidity is more
           | likely than malice.
           | 
           | Here it is just a guideline "don't dumb down", but there is
           | no simple rule that tells if a message is dumb or not. For
           | example, in the topic of science, a razor could be "numbers
           | without error bars are dumb". It only takes a few seconds to
           | see or not to see error bars, so you can quickly drop the
           | ones without to focus on those that have.
        
         | sfink wrote:
         | How so? If you have a pile of explanations, you now have a way
         | of dividing up the pile into ones you may want to keep and ones
         | you should discard. That way is by asking whether an expert
         | would understand what you're talking about.
         | 
         | Occam's Razor takes a pile of explanations and discards all
         | those with extra assumptions or components. Feynman's discards
         | all those that don't convey anything to an expert. I once told
         | my son that any good story involves surprise, a relatable
         | character, and some mention of a giant talking carrot. All of
         | those are razors. (Some razors might be more useful than
         | others...)
        
         | Tao3300 wrote:
         | Where's the metarazor that helps us weed out what is or isn't a
         | razor?
        
       | drewcoo wrote:
       | Feynman confused pedagogical skill with expertise in a given
       | field. He insisted that experts could explain things. No, that's
       | what a teacher does. Feynman was good at both and apparently had
       | no one to challenge him on his claim that they were the same.
       | 
       | It's possible to be a great teacher without being an expert on
       | given subject matter. And it's possible to have the most
       | expertise but be inscrutable.
       | 
       | In the case of this quote, Feynman wasn't talking about expertise
       | at all, but about explaining a thing with enough relevant details
       | to be understood. Without those, a layman would not understand
       | either.
        
         | admax88qqq wrote:
         | Maybe. I think Feynman had a point.
         | 
         | From my experience "experts" who are unable to explain well
         | typically have an incomplete understanding.
         | 
         | Language and knowledge are linked to a degree.
         | 
         | Personally I have had subject I thought I was an expert an and
         | when I went to explain them I realized the shortcomings of my
         | understanding. Later when I was truly an expert my ability to
         | explain them improved.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | > From my experience "experts" who are unable to explain well
           | typically have an incomplete understanding.
           | 
           | You also have to give yourself permission to step several
           | tiers back and think about how to distill "next pieces" into
           | what they know.
           | 
           | I also find myself handwaving away a whole lot of edge cases
           | or rigor away in order to have a bite-sized step that will
           | help the student make progress.
           | 
           | > Personally I have had subject I thought I was an expert an
           | and when I went to explain them I realized the shortcomings
           | of my understanding. Later when I was truly an expert my
           | ability to explain them improved.
           | 
           | Conversely, I find every time I've done this exercise of
           | stepping back and breaking it down for someone else, my
           | knowledge has deepened.
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | My biggest challenge with explaining things to people is the
           | stuff they already know that's either wrong or not relevant.
           | To save the effort of finding out later, I now ask people to
           | explain it to me first, tell me everything they know about
           | this, before I can figure out how far back I have to step
           | before explaining it all.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | I'm also a "What do you think happens?" person. It both
             | gives me a place to start, and a bunch of stuff to peg
             | other stuff onto that I'm about to say. If you can link
             | points of a good explanation to points of a bad, but
             | intuitive naive explanation, it makes it easier to remember
             | the good explanation.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | That is the the special skill of a teacher. But any expert
             | should be able to competently explain something to someone
             | who isn't harboring a mistaken belief.
             | 
             | Look at the ABC Conjecture catastrophe.
        
           | programjames wrote:
           | I think the ability to explain well requires you to be an
           | expert, but also be able to quickly trace back all the
           | definitions to what your student already knows.
        
         | imabotbeep2937 wrote:
         | Feynman was not a great teacher. Lots of people love his
         | lectures now. But they're not getting graded on it.
         | 
         | Actual students were considerably more mixed. Obviously
         | individuals vary so if I post how most of his students were
         | totally lost in class, they'll post how one student went on to
         | win a Nobel prize and say gotcha.
        
           | abdullahkhalids wrote:
           | There are two types of teaching. One is teaching things to a
           | complete beginner. The other is teaching things to someone
           | who has already mastered the mechanics of a subject.
           | 
           | Feynman was a world class second type teacher. If you already
           | know how to work with physics equations and solve problems,
           | then Feynman's lectures will improve your understanding
           | considerably. The simplification process he does, gives you a
           | grand understanding of the theory.
           | 
           | Due to this, much of Feynman's pedagogy is not suitable for
           | the first type of teaching. And should not be used as such.
        
             | exe34 wrote:
             | This reminds me of University Physics by Young and
             | Freedman. The things I already understood were really
             | dumbed down, and the things I didn't understand were
             | inscrutable. I ended up using it as a door stop for the
             | rest of the year until it fell apart and I had to throw it
             | away. It was one of the first ones where the book came with
             | a code that you had to use online to do the homework, so
             | the book was also useless as second hand, after being
             | useless when bought new.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | His famous lectures were a first draft experiment for a
           | class, not a "write a book on Sabbatical" textbook.
           | 
           | For a first draft, they are incredible.
        
       | scarmig wrote:
       | I agree this is true if your goal is to inform. If, however, your
       | goal is to increase clicks, decrease support tickets, and get
       | engagement, I'd be surprised if being technically descriptive and
       | accurate is better than dumbing it down to the point of
       | inaccuracy.
       | 
       | None of that is to say that I agree with the goal of engagement
       | over conveying information.
        
         | barfbagginus wrote:
         | It's important to begin violently opposing, not just
         | disagreeing with, the theory of engagement and revenue
         | creation. It must become dangerous indeed for those who decide
         | to pursue those goals.
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | If they pay your bills, it is very dangerous to say anything
           | in fact.
        
             | barfbagginus wrote:
             | Collaborators always have their excuses, and yet freedom
             | fighters always seem to ignore those very excuses. What
             | makes the difference in outlook?
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | The latter doesn't value human life, even their own.
        
               | barfbagginus wrote:
               | You think the person building technologies that cause
               | human suffering values human life? Come on now.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | freedom fighters take calculated risks, they believe
               | there's a prize that they can win.
               | 
               | collaborators think that they are helping minimise harm
               | and using the leverage/finance to help a lot more people
               | than they could otherwise help/contribute to. nobody ever
               | woke up and said, today I will do evil things. Man does
               | not err willingly.
        
               | bruce343434 wrote:
               | That's what you think; I think plenty of people have
               | shown that they wake up and prioritise themselves and
               | only themselves. They don't think in terms of good or
               | evil. They think "will this benefit me? Will this make me
               | more money? Give me more status? More power?"
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | have they told you this, or are you saying you are able
               | to hear their private thoughts?
        
               | bruce343434 wrote:
               | My mistake for engaging with you; you have checkmated me.
               | You are asking me for my sources now, whereas I should
               | have asked you first what your source was for your claim
               | about "nobody choosing to do evil". Alas, that now looks
               | weak and desperate.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | it's from Socrates, as channelled by Plato.
        
           | imchillyb wrote:
           | Do you realize that you're on the Ycombinator news site?
           | 
           | Do you realize that ycomb is an incubator of startups?
           | 
           | Ycomb actively engages in the 'engagement and revenue
           | creation' as S.O.P.. It's kind of their whole schtick. It's
           | most people's schtick because that's how we feed ourselves.
           | 
           | How else would one frame the 'information age' except through
           | engagement and revenue creation? Engagement = data. Data =
           | money. Money = stuff, fun, alimony, child support, back
           | taxes, and a drinking habit. I'm just sayin'.
        
             | barfbagginus wrote:
             | You're saying a bunch of nothing
        
           | scrubs wrote:
           | Why bring that up? We all know it's BS, and the people who do
           | it are expletive deleted morons. We're interested in what the
           | smart people do .. and even better smart with a touch of
           | class.
           | 
           | The older I get the less and less patience I have with people
           | pushing the "it's all politics", "everybody lies and manages
           | up/down and if you don't you're a fool", or it's all about
           | image.
           | 
           | While there's smallish elements of truth to each in
           | individual cases, this just cannot be the knee jerk reaction.
           | 
           | Know BS when you see it then say it. It's not tough.
        
             | barfbagginus wrote:
             | The corruption is systematic and automated, so the struggle
             | and response must be systematic and automated as well as
             | forceful. Not knee jerk. But more organized than simple
             | individuals doing the right thing. And much more forceful.
             | 
             | It must become very dangerous to be an exploiter of the
             | human condition. Must become very dangerous for
             | capitalists, executives, marketers, and so on.
             | 
             | Force and systematization/automation are required to gain
             | power. And power is required to end capitalism.
        
               | scrubs wrote:
               | You've got too much time on your hands with all this
               | jibber-jabber. Maybe you should find something to do me
               | thinks...
        
         | ioblomov wrote:
         | The quest for clicks has definitely aggravated the problem but,
         | as Murray Gell-Man once noted, journalism and dumbing down are
         | almost synonymous...
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/65213-briefly-stated-the-ge...
        
         | soared wrote:
         | Haven't considered that for reducing the number of support
         | tickets, something to consider
        
       | hifrote wrote:
       | Funny thing is I think this about Feynman's own writing for "the
       | layperson".
       | 
       | I think things like Feynman's "little arrows" descriptions in QED
       | only muddied and added to the mystique and mysticism of the
       | physics he loved.
       | 
       | Which is interesting because his written lectures[1], though, in
       | their breadth and complexity require effort, seem as if they are
       | intended for experts while being approachable to "the layperson".
       | 
       | My only real complaint about those lectures is that even when I
       | understood I rarely felt I had actionable tools for that new
       | knowledge.
       | 
       | The best descriptions of physics I feel that can sufficiently
       | inform "the layperson" are ones that implements the physics in
       | code[2], or through numerical methods.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.lpfp.io/
        
         | jarvist wrote:
         | What do you not like about Feynman's "little arrows" / rotating
         | clock hands in the QED book? I can't think of a more simple
         | metaphor for the exponential of a complex phase, exp(i omega
         | t). I suppose you could try and do it with more commonplace
         | trigonometric functions, but then you lose the simple vector
         | interpretation of adding the contributions. Or are you arguing
         | that you should always try and teach complex numbers and the
         | Euler identity to avoid strained analogies?
        
           | hifrote wrote:
           | > What do you not like about Feynman's "little arrows" /
           | rotating clock hands in the QED book?
           | 
           | It's difficult to articulate, but two aspects are:
           | 
           | The amount of times I have only confused people more by
           | trying to explain even modular arithmetic by calling on the
           | clock analogy.
           | 
           | And the fact that the little "clock hands" are a complete
           | abstraction from both the physics being described and the
           | mathematical models that describe that physics. ~"Quantum
           | physics is just about adding clocks?"
           | 
           | > I can't think of a more simple metaphor for the exponential
           | of a complex phase, exp(i omega t).
           | 
           | As I noted in the gp I think code implementations or
           | numerical methods should be the goal.
           | 
           | The solution to the confusion about referencing clocks when
           | talking about modular arithmetic was just to write down a
           | complete numerical example, ie all natural numbers mod 6 up
           | to 10, and use that as the abstraction for further
           | discussion: negatives, reals, periodicity, infinities,
           | applications, et al.
        
             | red75prime wrote:
             | And after you'll learn negatives, reals, periodicity, etc.,
             | you'll find that a rotating clock hand is a completely fine
             | analogy. So, maybe it's not that bad to have this analogy
             | from the beginning to not lose the forest behind the trees.
        
             | klabb3 wrote:
             | > As I noted in the gp I think code implementations or
             | numerical methods should be the goal.
             | 
             | I'm 100% with Feynman on this one. I loved the book because
             | of the intuition it gave me about quantum physics. He even
             | has this amazing analogy for how to teach arithmetic
             | without numbers. Now, you could absolutely claim that he
             | fails in his analogies (I'm not among the .1% of people if
             | not less who can debate that), but I can still say claim
             | confidently that math is not the goal. Abstraction is not
             | intuition.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | In mathematics, geometric and algebraic explanations are
               | complementary.
               | 
               | If you plot a function, you can observe many properties
               | easily, for instance where does it cross the axes? Is it
               | symmetrical? How quickly does it grow?
               | 
               | However there are also many properties that are easier to
               | observe algebraically. For example if you plot x^n you
               | can see if n is odd or even, but you can't see what value
               | n has because x^10 looks very much like x^12. But if you
               | have the algebraic representation you can read it off.
               | 
               | The issue with Feynman's clocks is that he only provides
               | the geometric explanation (what physicists would call
               | "intuition"), and not the algebraic explanation.
               | 
               | This only helps two kinds of people: 1) people not
               | capable of understanding the algebra, 2) people who
               | already know the algebra and want to develop intuition.
               | 
               | For the third group of 3) people are capable of
               | understanding the algebra but haven't learned it yet,
               | only talking about clocks is a bit dizzying.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | I strongly disagree. The geometric explanation lets you
               | understand the main concept without the hassle of
               | algebra. The algebra isn't needed for these fundamental
               | topics.
               | 
               | There's no requirement to do opaque algebra before
               | approaching intuition.
               | 
               | Feynman invented Feynman Diagrams, which are a major
               | contribution to Physics because they avoid algebra, and
               | physicists are certainly capable of algebra.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > people are capable of understanding the algebra but
               | haven't learned it yet
               | 
               | Those people are perfectly capable of taking any other
               | textbook. What value is there in another book that
               | explains the subject in the same exact way?
               | 
               | Besides, almost all of those people will have a much
               | easier time picking the other textbook if they read the
               | intuitive explanation first.
        
             | Tao3300 wrote:
             | > The amount of times I have only confused people more by
             | trying to explain...
             | 
             | That's not Feynman's fault!
        
           | hifrote wrote:
           | > Or are you arguing that you should always try and teach
           | complex numbers and the Euler identity to avoid strained
           | analogies?
           | 
           | I think it's okay to be explain complex numbers. I think it's
           | just best to additionally explain why. That is, show why
           | (real, imaginary) is a better numerical system than the more
           | broadly taught (x,y) of the 2 dimensional space being
           | explored.
           | 
           | As for the Euler identity I suppose you could include that
           | when explaining why we use the exp() function, which is
           | because it plays nicer with integration and derivation than
           | other numerical representations.
           | 
           | I want the analogies to be representative of the work rather
           | than my own mental model of it.
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | In fact he didn't like the lectures and thought they largely
         | failed at pedagogy. The actual Caltech students who listened to
         | them didn't get much out of them. Instead they were primarily
         | useful in explaining the subject to _other physicists_. I think
         | he says this in the foreword? (if not, I read it somewhere
         | else).
        
         | programjames wrote:
         | I recommend Sussman's SICP for physics in code:
         | 
         | https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262028967/
        
       | nostrebored wrote:
       | The original message is enough information to deduce what's
       | probably going on as an expert and not feel alien to the customer
       | base.
       | 
       | What's the point of conveying root causes to the user? In this
       | case the error tells you what you need to know: copy the message.
       | Send it again if you want.
       | 
       | The point of communication isn't always education. This isn't a
       | razor. It doesn't do anything to help you consider audience. It
       | will lead you to bad conclusions.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | _> The original message is enough information to deduce what's
         | probably going on as an expert_
         | 
         | I dunno, I had no idea what the original message was trying to
         | convey; it wasn't until I read lisper's comment that I got what
         | was going on.
        
       | ajkjk wrote:
       | Sometimes it feels like the trend online right now is to design
       | everything to make you stupider, on the theory that if it asks
       | less of you will go along with it more easily. For instance,
       | Google results seem more "least common denominator" every month.
       | No longer can I search for something subtle and get subtle
       | results; their algorithm pushes me towards and unhelpful answers.
       | Maybe it's because lots of people do respond better to this, so
       | it shows up better in the data. Anyway I hate it. I would like to
       | gradually learn more as I interact with things, and engage with
       | the complexity in systems, not have it hidden from me.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | If you design a system for idiots, only idiots will use it.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | Sadly there's also the old saying that "no one ever went
           | broke underestimating the intelligence of the average
           | customer" (P.T. Barnum ?).
        
             | gwd wrote:
             | I mean, yeah, there are certainly plenty of business models
             | that rely on people not understanding what it is that
             | they're buying. If you want to make your living that way, I
             | can believe it's not that hard. But that doesn't mean that
             | money _can 't_ be made by selling to intelligent people and
             | attempting to educate the less informed. I know how I
             | prefer to spend my short time here on Earth.
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | Maybe at some point Google will release a Classic version of
         | the algo like Coca-Cola did.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | It would be interesting to see, but my guess is that it would
           | be exploited to death very quickly. There is a constant cat
           | and mouse game between search engine and those who want to
           | "optimize" their results. Going back and staying there would
           | be like having the mouse stand still, not good.
           | 
           | It would have to be a different product, developed in
           | parallel, rather than a snapshot of the past.
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | I don't think it's that simple. It's a cat and mouse game
             | but the cat can't catch two different mice. If the classic
             | Google algorithm is significantly different from the new
             | one, SEO that's targeting the new algorithm wouldn't be as
             | successful with the old one which is also barely used (so
             | no one would bother optimizing for the old algorithm).
             | 
             | Then make it so the new algorithm penalizes people abusing
             | the old/simple algorithm (and since the old algorithm is
             | simple, it should be simpler to catch people abusing it
             | too).
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Obviously the SEO scoundrels would make _two pages_ ,
               | each optimized for different algorithm. Websites are
               | effectively free to make.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Coca-Cola used cocaine again?
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | It certainly uses Coca leaves.
             | 
             | > Coca-Cola might have taken the cocaine out of their
             | drink, but the company still needed to source coca leaves,
             | which became more and more challenging. By 1914, the
             | American federal government had officially restricted
             | cocaine to medicinal use. So, as the government began
             | debating an official import ban, Coke sent its lobbyists
             | into the fray, pushing for a special exemption. Their
             | fingerprints are all over the Harrison Act of 1922, which
             | banned the import of coca leaves, but included a section
             | permitting the use of "de-cocainized coca leaves or
             | preparations made therefrom, or to any other preparations
             | of coca leaves that do not contain cocaine." Only two
             | companies were given special permits by the act to import
             | those coca leaves for processing -- one of which was
             | Maywood Chemical Works, of Maywood, New Jersey, whose
             | biggest customer was the Coca-Cola company.
             | 
             | > This special loophole would carry over in every piece of
             | anti-narcotics legislation that followed, including
             | international agreements restricting the global trade in
             | coca leaves. Over the ensuing decades, the company
             | continued to demonstrate the lengths to which they would go
             | to protect their supply, from supporting opposition to the
             | traditional use of coca, to developing a secret coca farm
             | of their own on Hawai`i.
             | 
             | https://www.eater.com/23620802/cocaine-in-coca-cola-coke-
             | rec...
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | The web the original algo was designed for no longer exists.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | Many of you will be familiar with this story: military pilot
         | gear was once designed for the average person, but then they
         | realized that actually, most people deviate significantly from
         | the average in at least one way. So they made the gear
         | adjustable, and that greatly improved performance and reduced
         | mistakes.
         | 
         | Why is it that in tech we are often told a seemingly contrary
         | narrative -- that everything is better, or at least more
         | profitable, when targeted to some hypothetical average person,
         | and who cares about the diversity of individuals?
        
           | blargey wrote:
           | Might be that military pilots are much more engaged with the
           | product than the average google-user with search.
           | 
           | Or how these digital tools pervade spaces where everyone has
           | to be able to use them, even if they're the type that refuses
           | to engage with the text displayed in message boxes or
           | technical jargon like "files" and "tabs", because they have
           | the expertise that is more valuable to the business than the
           | peripheral software. A greater expectation and insistence
           | that things "just work", that the tools get out of the way
           | instead of integrating with the user.
           | 
           | Maybe adjusting some straps and seat positions is more
           | intuitive than digging for advanced options. Maybe it's
           | significantly more difficult to surface options in digital
           | mediums without introducing friction as a side-effect,
           | because you're always fighting over screen real estate and
           | screen legibility, instead of being able to just add a latch
           | on the strap that's there when you need it and invisible when
           | you don't.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | > Maybe adjusting some straps and seat positions is more
             | intuitive than digging for advanced options. Maybe it's
             | significantly more difficult to surface options in digital
             | mediums without introducing friction as a side-effect,
             | because you're always fighting over screen real estate and
             | screen legibility, instead of being able to just add a
             | latch on the strap that's there when you need it and
             | invisible when you don't
             | 
             | You design a different car to win F1 races, to take a couch
             | across town, to drive a family on a weekend trip, to win
             | rally races, to haul a boat ... but in software we don't
             | want to do that. We want everything to do everything
             | because "niche" markets are too small for companies to keep
             | growing into the stratosphere.
             | 
             | See also: Every program attempts to expand until it can
             | read mail. Those programs which cannot so expand are
             | replaced by ones which can. (zawinski's law)
        
             | evilduck wrote:
             | There's a military, and by proxy a government and a
             | country's populace behind a pilot who are all invested in a
             | pilot's success. In battle or on missions they don't get
             | many do-overs and pilots and planes are expensive to
             | mobilize and to lose. Millions of dollars are on the line
             | each time they take off, better to get it right the first
             | time.
             | 
             | For ad driven search engine products the more you as a user
             | flail the more ads you can be served on subsequent
             | searches, so long as they ride the line of not driving you
             | away entirely. A string of ten searches that fail you is
             | bad because their product looks ineffective but two or
             | three searches to get what you want is better for their
             | bottom line than nailing it on your first attempt.
        
           | mbivert wrote:
           | The military in general seem to be more rationally grounded
           | than civilians, as far as work is concerned. Promiscuity with
           | death _must_ encourage a different  "work culture".
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | I get the feeling that there's an inverse correlation
             | between the number of people that think the military is a
             | competent meritocracy and the number of people that
             | actually served in the military.
             | 
             | It's a giant government bureaucracy, with plenty of stupid
             | internal politics, and gross incompetency. No better or
             | worse than any other large organization.
        
               | synecdoche wrote:
               | Thinking that people that have trait X in common to also
               | have some admirable trait Y is unfortunately wishful
               | thinking. The military may for some be one of the last
               | areas of such thinking.
        
               | mbivert wrote:
               | Yeah it's probable that I'm idealizing.
               | 
               | My direct experience is very limited, but I've heard a
               | few decent things from people better involved than I am.
               | I suppose "the military" is a wide thing, there must be
               | consequential differences between, say, American
               | bureaucrats and French field soldiers in Africa for
               | example. The former shouldn't be as close to death, or to
               | soldiers who are, on a daily basis.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | I miss Norton Disk Doctor, not because I work on drive recovery
       | but because it had an interface that respected the user's
       | intelligence.
       | 
       | Every other storage-related system I've ever used either had
       | inscrutable gibberish like:                  "Mode 5/7?" [Y]
       | 
       | Or overly dumbed down questions like:                   Are you
       | sure? [N]
       | 
       | What am I sure about!? What is mode 5? Or is it 7? Both? What!?
       | [1]
       | 
       | Norton meanwhile had several paragraphs of text explaining what
       | every decision meant. It explained _concepts_ inline. It provided
       | an explanation of the benefits and risks. It let you make an
       | informed choice instead of just hitting Y over and over and
       | hoping for the best.
       | 
       | This kind of respect for the reader / user applies to all forms
       | of technical writing such as manuals, user interfaces, blog
       | articles, and API docs.
       | 
       | Instead of trying to dumb down the text for a "lay" audience, try
       | to educate all audiences to become more technical after having
       | read and understood what you wrote.
       | 
       | [1] That is verbatim from a Hitachi SAN array that was holding
       | all of the data for a government department. The manual helpfully
       | explained that this option toggles between mode 5/7 being either
       | on or off. If you choose wrong the array will erase itself and
       | kill your cat. Or neither of those things. Who knows?
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | A similar point applies to settings menus in software,
         | especially advanced settings. It takes very little effort for
         | people who make these settings to include e.g. a short tooltip
         | explanation for every setting. Yet this is rarely done.
        
       | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
       | >what the hell does this mean? The message doesn't exist, but I
       | can copy its contents? If I can copy its contents...why can't I
       | save it?? If it doesn't exist why do I have to discard it??
       | 
       | Maybe it should be even less descriptive.
       | 
       | "This message will soon no longer be available. Make sure you
       | copy the contents of the message before you discard if you want
       | to use them later."
       | 
       | Talking about the cache doesn't help the user. Really the
       | solution is to add a button at the end of the message that says
       | "save message contents to device." Then the message is clear and
       | easily actionable.
        
         | directevolve wrote:
         | The message could also give both this actionable advice and
         | lisper's more technical explanation. You could label the more
         | in-depth explanation or even put it on a second screen accessed
         | via an 'advanced explanation' button.
        
       | powersnail wrote:
       | I don't quite think the message-doesn't-exist example is caused
       | by "dumbing down" too much. To me, the message "it no longer
       | exists" is not the work of someone who, in trying to make layman
       | understand, overdid it.
       | 
       | Instead, it's the typical kind of mistake made by writers who
       | forget about context.
       | 
       | From the programmer's perspective, I speculate, the error _is_
       | indeed a case of something being non-existent. The code is
       | written to fetch something from the server, the server says it's
       | not there, and well, the application should tell the user about
       | it.
       | 
       | Within the very narrow context of fetching it from the server,
       | "doesn't exist" is correct. However, in the context of the user
       | who's sitting there looking at the message, "doesn't exist" is
       | simply false.
       | 
       | The message needs to be re-contextualized, such that it makes
       | sense. "The message doesn't exist on the server, it exists on
       | your computer at the moment, but just for a short while, so you
       | better copy it".
       | 
       | It doesn't matter whether the user understand what a "server" is.
       | Simply knowing that the message doesn't exist [at some place], is
       | enough to make the whole sentence sensible.
       | 
       | Like if I go to a car mechanic, who just points to the whole car
       | and say "it's gonna be replaced", it would be confusing. But if
       | he says that "xxx is gonna be replaced", that's perfectly
       | comprehensible, even if I don't know what xxx is.
        
         | LoganDark wrote:
         | "This message cannot be downloaded because it no longer exists
         | on the server. You can copy the message or delete it."
        
           | smitty1e wrote:
           | A better phrasing might be "keep your local copy because your
           | server-side copy is gone".
           | 
           | Communication is hard.
           | 
           | Welcome to people.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | That's not a better phrasing. That doesn't explain what
             | happened at all.
             | 
             | If you think that's a sensible recommendation, it's nice to
             | add it _after_ the error message. But it 's not an error
             | message.
        
               | smitty1e wrote:
               | That is a fair cop.
        
         | jack_pp wrote:
         | instead of server it could say "on our end"
        
           | yosefk wrote:
           | It could say "cloud" instead of server and "your device"
           | instead of cache and laypeople would get it, I think. It's
           | unfortunate that servers are called cloud but at least
           | there's a word that's commonly understood. Not sure if "on
           | our end" would work, perhaps it would, too.
           | 
           | Contrary to GP I have no doubt that the original message was
           | phrased the way it was to avoid explaining how things work,
           | on the theory that it's bad form to explain this, because
           | users understanding it is neither possible nor desirable. If
           | a programmer was writing naturally, for their colleague or
           | future self to read the message, the server and the cache
           | would certainly make an appearance. They weren't omitted
           | because the context was obvious but because exposing the
           | context was considered undesirable; I think so because a more
           | internal rather than end-user error message never looks like
           | this.
        
       | sublinear wrote:
       | To be great is to be misunderstood, and Feynman was a great man.
       | I'm still not sure who decided to abuse some quotes and invent
       | this "razor".
       | 
       | I don't believe Feynman ever meant to overconstrain and corrupt
       | information based on (likely incorrect) assumptions about his
       | audience. There's no need to "dumb down" anything ever, not even
       | for children.
       | 
       | The information is either there or it isn't regardless of who can
       | comprehend it. Losslessness is non-negotiable. The real problem
       | is how you present that information, not whether you should leave
       | it out. The only time you should leave something out is if it has
       | little to no relation to the rest of what you're trying to say.
       | 
       | > This message has been deleted from the mail server, but Outlook
       | still has it in its temporary cache on this device. You can copy
       | the message contents, or discard it from the cache, at which
       | point it will be permanently deleted.
       | 
       | Oh yeah also let's solve the "puzzle" from the middle of the blog
       | post in Microsoft-y language everyone is familiar with by now.
       | 
       | "This message was deleted due to your organization's retention
       | policy, spam filter, or administrator. It temporarily remains on
       | this device, but is at risk of being lost forever. Do you want to
       | save a copy?"
       | 
       | I believe in the real world Outlook doesn't even bother and has
       | you and your message eat shit. If it was deleted it will never
       | tell you about a cached copy and to the layperson it's just gone.
       | The road to hell is paved with good intentions and indecision
       | only makes communication harder.
        
         | tredigi wrote:
         | > There's no need to "dumb down" anything ever, not even for
         | children.
         | 
         | This is so wrong that I can't imagine you actually meant it in
         | the way that it quite obviously reads like.
         | 
         | When my 3-year old just saw is favorite toy fall from the sofa
         | because he put it in an .. unstable position, then obviously it
         | won't help if I explain the theory of relativity to him, cause
         | ultimately it was gravity causing the mess. It won't help
         | either to "dumb it down" by only explaining Newton's mechanics.
         | What he actually needs to understand is that things fall down.
         | Why exactly can be explained later. Much later. When he goes to
         | university perhaps, if he chooses to and still wants to know.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | That's not dumbing down. It's not a lie and it's not wrong.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | If your child doesn't understand falling, you are still
           | saying "things fall down" instead of just saying "it's on the
           | floor now"
        
           | sublinear wrote:
           | I don't think we disagree at all about how to explain falling
           | objects to a 3 year old. I did say it's best to leave out
           | irrelevant detail.
           | 
           | You might not like this, but full detail physics explanations
           | are usually irrelevant to everyday life. I try to explain in
           | terms of what's necessary to accomplish a goal, not what's
           | necessary to fully understand.
           | 
           | e.g. "if you tip things over close to the edge it will end up
           | on the floor, so don't do that"
           | 
           | As a side note, kids often put stuff in precarious places
           | because they can't reach anywhere better.
           | 
           | Anyway, the exceptions would be when the goal involves fully
           | and arbitrarily defined contexts such as code or law. You
           | can't assume much to get on with a task before being given a
           | full explanation.
        
       | neontomo wrote:
       | If something can be explained without technical jargon in a way
       | that satisfies novice and expert, what use is the jargon?
       | 
       | I feel the example given in the article is bad because it isn't
       | useful to either person, and jargon doesn't improve or lessen it.
       | It's simply a poor explanation, which makes the argument weak.
        
         | quibono wrote:
         | I agree. I think that most of the time highly specialized
         | topics have a lot of subtle context required. You either
         | communicate all of that, or use jargon to get around it.
         | 
         | In some cases I think it's possible to do this and satisfy both
         | groups but it's harder and takes more words (which is important
         | in a media context at least). That said I imagine there's a
         | spectrum here and you can usually find suitable middle ground.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Funny, I always thought Feynman's Razor was along these lines
       | (from 1979 QED lectures in New Zealand, response to audience
       | question):
       | 
       | > Q: "Do you like the idea that our picture of the world has to
       | be based on a calculation which involves probability?"
       | 
       | > A: "...if I get right down to it, I don't say I like it and I
       | don't say I don't like it. I got very highly trained over the
       | years to be a scientist and there's a certain way you have to
       | look at things. When I give a talk I simplify a little bit, I
       | cheat a little bit to make it sound like I don't like it. What I
       | mean is it's peculiar. But I never think, this is what I like and
       | this is what I don't like, I think this is what it is and this is
       | what it isn't. And whether I like it or I don't like it is really
       | irrelevant and believe it or not I have extracted it out of my
       | mind. I do not even ask myself whether I like it or I don't like
       | it because it's a complete irrelevance."
       | 
       | As far as complexity and how to explain things to people without
       | technical experience of the subject, the rabbit hole always goes
       | deeper. Here's a nice quote from the rotation in space section of
       | the caltech lectures:
       | 
       | > "We shall not use these equations in all their generality and
       | study all their consequences, because this would take many years,
       | and we must soon turn to other subjects. In an introductory
       | course we can present only the fundamental laws and apply them to
       | a very few situations of special interest."
        
         | mock-possum wrote:
         | That's such a typical Feynman answer too. charitably he's doing
         | it because he doesn't want to misspeak or suggest something
         | untrue from his position of expertise - but it does also come
         | off as being dodgy about answering people's questions. He does
         | the exact same thing in that video clip where an interviewers
         | asks him how magnets work .
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | That's just part of the answer, he goes on to say that if you
           | ask questions of nature and don't like the answers then
           | that's just too bad, you don't get to dictate to nature how
           | to behave. Scientists who don't like particular results
           | because they don't match their philosophy of how things
           | should be (most famously Einstein and QM) tend to end up
           | tilting at windmills and not making any more progress.
           | 
           | However, humans can't help having likes and dislikes but I
           | think the trick is to save that for other areas of interest -
           | e.g., art or music or people or activities that you like for
           | entirely subjective reasons.
        
       | lisper wrote:
       | > My favorite comment was from lisper...
       | 
       | Cool! Someone noticed me!
       | 
       | :-)
       | 
       | (I find this noteworthy because I've been putting all this effort
       | into writing a series of blog posts about the scientific method
       | and I've gotten very little feedback on that. But this little
       | throwaway comment, _that_ gets attention! Life is funny
       | sometimes.)
        
         | neontomo wrote:
         | Your profile link is broken, where can I find out more? If you
         | were advertising yourself what would you ask me to read?
         | (giving you a wildcard here)
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | This seems like a good point to beat my drum: put your email
           | address in your HN profile, people! A website link also
           | wouldn't hurt.
           | 
           | Otherwise if someone wants to follow up with you about a
           | comment, there is no way to do so without spamming a public
           | comment reply.
           | 
           | Contact info!
        
             | tredigi wrote:
             | That won't work because many people here post anonymously.
             | They have a throwaway account and make a new one now and
             | then to leave no trace to their real identity. Leaving an
             | email address would mean having to maintain a throwaway
             | email in sync with the HN account.
             | 
             | Nowadays that's even harder to do since HN shadowbans new
             | accounts for a while. You write a comment and you are
             | surprised that nobody replies. It's because nobody but
             | yourself can see it.
             | 
             | Which, ironically, contributes to the issue disussed here.
             | 
             | I'm also using a rather new account, let's see if this msg
             | actually is visible now.
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | > Leaving an email address would mean having to maintain
               | a throwaway email in sync with the HN account.
               | 
               | Apple's hide my email or DDG's email services are good
               | for that imo.
               | 
               | > I'm also using a rather new account, let's see if this
               | msg actually is visible now.
               | 
               | Take a guess ;)
        
           | lanstin wrote:
           | http://blog.rongarret.info/2024/03/a-clean-sheet-
           | introductio...
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | > Your profile link is broken
           | 
           | Try it now.
        
       | mihaic wrote:
       | While there really is a trend to overly dumb down things, I'd
       | just like to speculate that the "message no longer exists" part
       | is simply these when someone adapted the reasonable error for a
       | delete message, and forgot to actually check if that phrasing
       | work anymore.
       | 
       | Small changes creeping up into something stupid is a common thing
       | as well when everyone just does a tiny isolated part.
        
       | protomolecule wrote:
       | Funny that the author himself failed to reproduce Feynman's
       | quote: it should be "And there are now sixty two kinds of
       | particles", not "And there are not sixty two kinds of particles".
        
       | nicbou wrote:
       | I struggle a lot with this in my work. I can't assume that my
       | readers are fluent English speakers, nor that they understand the
       | topic. I can't even assume that they care to understand. I have
       | adopted a plain and unambiguous writing style that hopefully
       | accounts for it. I am now experimenting with formatting that
       | allows them to skim everything and still get the gist of it. In
       | my opinion, nhs.uk is the best example to learn from.
       | 
       | People are not stupid, but they are busy, tired, lazy, or simply
       | not that interested in the finer details. There is a balance
       | between respecting their intellect and respecting their time.
        
         | kohbo wrote:
         | How come you're avoiding every contraction, except "can't"?
        
           | zexbha wrote:
           | I would not have observed this on my own. Do contractions
           | make English harder to comprehend for non-natives? I'll have
           | to avoid using y'all'dn't've
        
             | Aspos wrote:
             | Yes they do
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Common English. The "n't" contractions are the most
           | comfortable, and "can't" is most comfortable because it saves
           | a syllable.
        
           | DavidPiper wrote:
           | That's a cool observation - it could just be GP's natural
           | turn of phrase. I know a few people who never use any
           | contractions when they speak. I assume it's a local/familial
           | style.
        
         | isleyaardvark wrote:
         | You can probably skip nhs.uk and go straight to uk.gov's
         | writing guidelines themselves:
         | 
         | https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/writing-for-gov-u...
        
       | fragmede wrote:
       | "This message will self-destruct after reading."
        
       | MrPatan wrote:
       | In UX, the right way to think about your users is not that they
       | are dumb, but that they are very smart but very busy, and don't
       | have time for your app's bullshit. It puts you in the right frame
       | of mind when designing interfaces. It's not about dealing with
       | dunces, but about being efficient with peoples time and
       | attention.
        
       | bluenose69 wrote:
       | The "This message can't be saved" text is not that bad, actually.
       | The important thing is that the second part tells the user what
       | to do. The first part could be rewritten "An error occurred" and
       | that would be fine, too, since the details are not likely to
       | matter to the user -- the important thing is what the user ought
       | to do next.
       | 
       | A driver does not need to know the reason for a detour. All that
       | matters is whether the alternative route is clearly indicated.
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | It's pretty important to know the cause, though. "The message
         | doesn't exist" is fairly different from "You
         | password/token/auth is expired and thus, the message can't be
         | saved". Or "the hard drive is unavailable" or "the network has
         | timed out".
         | 
         | It's also important to know what action can't be done. "The
         | message can't be saved" from "The message can't be viewed
         | anymore" which hints that it may have been properly saved.
         | 
         | Please don't bring back the fashion of dialog boxes just
         | showing "Error in the system". Or even "Error 1521", which,
         | although nowadays it would help for a perfect StackOverflow
         | search, is still annoying.
        
       | satisfice wrote:
       | The author introduces a distinction that I hadn't fully
       | considered before: difficult writing is not all equally
       | problematic. Being misunderstood is a problem, but how and why
       | you are misunderstood matters.
        
       | wszrfcbhujnikm wrote:
       | Nah I like New Scientist and Quanta Magazine etc... to give me an
       | insight into a complicated topic. It isn't adequate for a
       | professor to understand the subject to write a thesis sure, but
       | there is no harm in more people kinda understanding something.
       | This is especially true of the sort of dumbing down the big short
       | film did, when the impact on society means everyone should sort
       | of understand what happened Nd why the economy tanked.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | I dunno. We now have ChatGPT to dumb things down for us __and__
         | allow us to ask questions. I think the importance of these
         | popular science magazines may be disappearing.
        
         | OmarShehata wrote:
         | Quanta is a great example! They don't dumb things down. It
         | passes feymans razor because the professor can read it and know
         | _what it 's talking about_
         | 
         | I think it'd be a fun follow-up and talk a quanta article, and
         | some PhD in the topic, and walk through why it does (or does
         | not) pass this razor.
         | 
         | I think one very simple but important thing they do is they
         | don't shy away from mentioning the technical terms. I just
         | opened a random one and in the first paragraph they say the
         | word "Hamiltonian cycle", and explain it. The explanation is
         | probably super simplified, but that's fine, it's (1) an anchor
         | for the curious layperson to read more/Google it (2) it's a
         | marker for the expert, he immediately knows what they're
         | talking about, and doesn't have to try to reconstruct it/guess
        
       | greekanalyst wrote:
       | Simplicity is key, but over-simplicity is a killer.
        
       | taneq wrote:
       | Something I've been doing recently is declaring a variable,
       | writing a comment explaining clearly what the variable _actually_
       | does, then renaming the variable to reflect the comment. If I
       | have to explain the variable name too much then it's not a good
       | name.
        
       | ordu wrote:
       | Why this obsession with "all words must be known"? People are
       | perfectly capable to understand the core of the message even if
       | it contains unknown words. It happens not every time, it doesn't
       | happen for example when each one of the words is unknown, but the
       | message:
       | 
       | > "This message has been deleted from the mail server, but
       | Outlook still has it in its temporary cache on this device. You
       | can copy the message contents, or discard it from the cache, at
       | which point it will be permanently deleted."
       | 
       | can be understood. Even if the first sentence looks like a
       | technical garbage, the second gives the clear instructions. And I
       | don't believe that the first sentence is a complete nonsense to a
       | layman. It can be understood as "message is halfway through the
       | process of the deletion".
        
       | mannykannot wrote:
       | There's an association here to another topic which came up
       | recently: a review of Matt Strassler's new book, Waves in an
       | Impossible Sea [1]. Professor Strassler says a big motivation for
       | writing this book was what he calls 'phibs': 'explanations' of
       | physics so bowdlerized that they are not just uninformative, but
       | at least misleading and sometimes outright wrong. The particular
       | phib which got him started was a commonly-repeated attempt to
       | give an idea of how the Higgs field gives rise to the masses of
       | certain particles [2]
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40607307
       | 
       | [2] https://profmattstrassler.com/2024/04/16/why-the-higgs-
       | field...
        
       | Archelaos wrote:
       | The case of the original error message does not really match what
       | Feynman was concerned about. The original error message was not
       | too simple, but its first part was some hocus-pocus that made
       | (almost) no sense -- the less, the more the reader is a
       | layperson. Only an expert had a chance of guessing the
       | explanation. In the quoted passage, Feynman instead was concerned
       | about popular accounts of science that are not useful for the
       | reader -- not because they are unintelligible or wrong, but
       | because they are too simplistic and provide too less information.
        
       | corinn3 wrote:
       | Yeah computing day to day sure is mired in euphemisms for math.
       | 
       | Cache is a variable. Server is a function. Anyone who graduated
       | high school should know that much.
       | 
       | Hopefully we'll start to move away from 1900s ignorant business
       | machines euphemisms for applied physics
        
       | amai wrote:
       | ,,Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not
       | simpler."
       | 
       | The last part of this quote is often forgotten.
        
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