[HN Gopher] Roman Roads (2017)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Roman Roads (2017)
        
       Author : gslin
       Score  : 298 points
       Date   : 2024-06-06 13:32 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sashamaps.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sashamaps.net)
        
       | fred_is_fred wrote:
       | That's really well done! I have no comment on the accuracy but it
       | really highlights just how the Romans integrated new areas into
       | the central empire through transportation (goods, ideas, and
       | armies).
       | 
       | I will also call out the road in Africa called "Caeserea lol"
        
         | bdw5204 wrote:
         | That would presumably be the city of Caesarea in Mauretania[0]
         | which was the capital of that province. According to the
         | Wikipedia article for the modern town at that site[1], it was
         | also called Iol in ancient times.
         | 
         | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarea_in_Mauretania
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherchell
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | The ego! It should have been called Via Scipio Africanus
         | Motherforker
        
       | supermatou wrote:
       | Much better resolution:
       | 
       | https://video-images.vice.com/articles/593594e8c270a8484d1d1...
        
       | nerdponx wrote:
       | The original creator's page is:
       | https://sashamaps.net/docs/maps/roman-roads-original/
       | 
       | The summary here links right to the original content. I just
       | wanted to highlight the original for the sake of other readers
       | clicking through quickly. There's also a much more detailed (and
       | more interesting) writeup on the creator's page.
        
         | ydnaclementine wrote:
         | Their other maps are sick too. Is there a term for these types
         | of visualizations, where some data is visualized in a "non-
         | standard" way in the context of the data?
        
         | madcaptenor wrote:
         | I actually refer to his list of 20 simple, distinct colors
         | (https://sashamaps.net/docs/resources/20-colors/) which he came
         | up with for this map, pretty frequently. It's a nice palette.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | An easy trick is to rotate hue with a spacing of 1.618. That
           | guarantees maximum separation with no near collisions for any
           | number of hues.
        
             | madcaptenor wrote:
             | I've heard this one before. It only takes advantage of one
             | dimension of the color space, though, and that bugs me. On
             | the other hand you don't have to go look up a better
             | palette.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Here's a 2-dimensional version where you pick the angles
               | https://observablehq.com/@jrus/categorical
               | 
               | If you want to keep the points theoretically ideally
               | separated out to as many as colors as you want, you can
               | use the "plastic sequence" for your parameters,
               | https://observablehq.com/@jrus/plastic-sequence
        
             | wonger_ wrote:
             | So cool! The same "golden angle" is behind plant leaf
             | spacing, for minimal overlap / maximum exposure to
             | sunlight.
             | 
             | https://gofiguremath.org/natures-favorite-math/the-golden-
             | ra...
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | Oh that is a nice page, I really like the accessibility
           | options to support 95, 99, 99.99, and 100% of people. Thank
           | you for sharing it.
        
         | alsetmusic wrote:
         | There's also an option to email the mapmaker to receive a pdf.
         | I'm going to ask for one in hopes that it'll blow up nicely. I
         | think it'd make interesting wall art.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we changed the URL to that from
         | https://www.openculture.com/2024/06/the-roads-of-ancient-
         | rom.... Thanks!
        
       | metabagel wrote:
       | LOL, Pompeii (closed)
        
       | moi2388 wrote:
       | How can it take 2 months on foot, yet only 1 month per horse,
       | when a horse can only travel between 25-35 miles a day, which is
       | not twice as far as a human can travel in a day, but about equal?
        
         | bedobi wrote:
         | I'm sure the author would have more details on the ambiguity.
         | Are the walkers marching soldiers? Is the rider a courier who
         | changes to fresh horses at waystations? It's not clear :)
        
         | mavhc wrote:
         | Relay horses
        
         | nescioquid wrote:
         | My thought is that one didn't simply travel alone on horseback,
         | but with a group and baggage, and I wouldn't expect servants to
         | be mounted. The animals help with the baggage. You also would
         | want a group since there are highwaymen and freebooters on the
         | road.
         | 
         | I seem to recall oxen speed being about 12 miles per day.
        
         | eschulz wrote:
         | Horses would often be swapped out at stations when a wealthy
         | person would have to travel very quickly across a long
         | distance. Maybe this is an average since the speed with which
         | horsemen could travel would depend on the rate at which they
         | exchanged their horses.
         | 
         | In an extreme example from the year 9 BC, the future emperor
         | Tiberius traveled on the Roman Roads 330 miles (531 km) between
         | northern Italy and modern day Mainz, Germany in 36 hours
         | without sleep. He was rushing to the deathbed of his older
         | brother Drusus after the latter suffered mortal injuries in a
         | freak horse accident. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drususstein
        
           | Phenomenit wrote:
           | So he rode really fast, reckless and sleep deprived to his
           | brother who'd been injured in a horse riding accident?
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | People never change.
        
             | eschulz wrote:
             | haha hadn't thought about that, although the Roman Roads
             | could be considered to be a safe highways as opposed to the
             | dangerous paths in Germania.
             | 
             | If one of the main characters in The Fast and the Furious
             | gets hurt in a street race, would not his teammates race to
             | him as fast as they could?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | With baggage, a typical human can only travel about 12-17 miles
         | a day (half that of a horse)
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | About 30km/18 miles per day is a common value used in Europe.
           | On a single day you can easily do twice that if you don't
           | carry too much and are used to walking long distances, but it
           | would be difficult to sustain. Also the number allows for
           | time to set up camp (and tear it down in the morning),
           | prepare meals, etc.
        
             | xandrius wrote:
             | Saying that 60km "can be easily done" is quite a stretch.
             | After 30-40km, even on flat, most people wouldn't do it
             | easily at all.
             | 
             | And I walk about 10km daily in one session and often do
             | 30+km hikes.
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | When I was in elementary school, we would do charity
               | walks every year to raise money for the poor. They were
               | 20 miles.
               | 
               | It took us all day, but if a bunch of kids between fourth
               | and eighth grades and their nun teachers can do it, I'm
               | surprised how many adults on this web site think it's too
               | far.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Did you do it with a suitcase of stuff for a week- or
               | month-long stay in another city, and contingencies like
               | extra water, food, stove etc if you get laid over in a
               | remote area without facilties? Did you do it rain or
               | shine, on paved roads or muddy rutted-out dirt roads?
        
               | xandrius wrote:
               | Was it nicely paved and mostly flat? And how did you feel
               | at the end of it? Would you do it again the next day?
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | Mostly paved, but absolutely not flat. Some of the hills
               | I wouldn't tackle on my bicycle.
        
               | chewz wrote:
               | When I was a boy scout (so 16 -18 yo) we were walking as
               | a team 50-70 km per day and could sustain that for 2-3
               | days. More perhaps, but there was nowhere to go any
               | further. We were wearing 20 kg in rather uncomfortable
               | backpacks.
               | 
               | On forced marches we could keep 7-8 km/h speed. And
               | sometime we have practiced legionary walk which is
               | alternating 200 steps jogging and 700 steps walking.
               | 
               | One of the badges was for walking 100 km in a day and lot
               | of my friends got it.
               | 
               | But back then we were generally walking a lot, day by
               | day, every year.
               | 
               | Good shoes and good motivation.
               | 
               | I am not doing this anymore.
        
         | mikhailfranco wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_versus_Horse_Marathon
         | 
         | A man on a bike beats a horse over almost all distances,
         | especially long distances. The only interesting competitive
         | distance might be a flying 400m.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | It took 4 years after the addition of mountain bikes for a
           | cyclist to beat the horse at the Llanwyrtd Wells event.
           | 
           | Also, AFAIK, the Romans did not have bicycles.
           | 
           | ps. I raced this event twice in the early 1980s when they had
           | a mountain bike division, and still have scars on my right
           | arm from one of them.
        
         | ssl232 wrote:
         | Related: https://orbis.stanford.edu/
        
       | rippeltippel wrote:
       | There's a missing road in Sardinia that I'm aware of, connecting
       | Karalis (today's Cagliari) with Turris Libisonis (today's Porto
       | Torres, near Sassari).
        
         | dewey wrote:
         | This is mentioned in the ,,Creative liberties taken" section.
         | It's not a complete map.
        
       | fabi0 wrote:
       | Omnes viae Romam ducunt.
        
         | cf100clunk wrote:
         | > Omnes viae Romam ducunt
         | 
         | Hinc illuc pervenire non potes.
        
           | arktos_ wrote:
           | Itidem mihi, nobis ergo sunt naves longae navigandae
        
             | zabzonk wrote:
             | caesar ad sum jam fortea
             | 
             | brutus ad sum too
             | 
             | caesar sic in omnibus
             | 
             | brutus sic in hat
        
               | BlueUmarell wrote:
               | Quid narras?
        
       | behnamoh wrote:
       | Sometimes I wonder if we've regressed in terms of attention to
       | quality. Here in the US, I see lots of potholes on the streets
       | and sidewalks. Meanwhile, the ancient cobblestone roads are still
       | functional to this day.
        
         | TimedToasts wrote:
         | Drive a semi over those cobblestones daily for a year and we'll
         | see how they are doing.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | For sure, but unfair comparison. Leave an asphalt road
           | unattended for 10 years and it's cracked and overgrown,
           | barely better than a dirtroad. A cobblestone at least will be
           | salvageable, just will need a good weed wacking. Baseline
           | quality is just higher.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Potholes are not regression. They are a good cost effect
         | response. We can build roads that won't have potholes, but at
         | vastly more cost, it is better in the long run to build roads
         | as we do and then fix potholes every year.
         | 
         | Cobblestones also get potholes and the like when subject to
         | heavy car traffic.
        
           | marssaxman wrote:
           | The neighbors on my block share a gravel alleyway, which
           | develops enormous potholes over time. The city does not
           | maintain it, so we all chip in every couple of years to have
           | it re-graded. One of our neighbors, who happens to own a few
           | expensive sports cars, wants us to have the alley paved with
           | asphalt instead: but it will take twenty years of regrading
           | before the project would break even.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | Watch a video on roman road construction methods. It seems they
         | prided themselves on building for the long term. Retrieval
         | augmented generation from incomplete archive: The foundation of
         | the road consists of 3' of gravel covered with 2' of sand
         | forming an extremely stable base. I seem to also recall that
         | builders got paid half upon completion and half if the
         | construction was still in good condition fifty years later.
         | (Though this is probably apocryphal for the obvious reasons)
        
         | palata wrote:
         | > Sometimes I wonder if we've regressed in terms of attention
         | to quality.
         | 
         | In a way we have, yes! In our modern society we optimize for
         | profit. Always, everywhere. The reasons our roads won't last
         | thousands of years is precisely that it would be less
         | profitable.
        
           | ffgjgf1 wrote:
           | The Roman roads wouldn't be pleasant to drive on at all. Also
           | the Romans certainly must have been more obsessed by profit
           | than us? They state was built on subjugation and enslavement
           | of basically all the people they came into contact with.
        
           | kbolino wrote:
           | The Romans hadn't invented the exact forms of the joint-stock
           | company and limited-liability corporation yet, but they
           | certainly had greed and short-sightedness.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Somebody mentioned semis already, but also, I bet Roman
         | engineers would give up immediately if they saw a snowplow.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | They used to pour molten iron in holes in their cobblestone
         | roads.
         | 
         | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/pompeii-fixed-poth...
        
         | szvsw wrote:
         | The network scale, network density, frequency of use, and
         | loading conditions are all like, orders of magnitude higher.
         | Plus as other commenters have mentioned, weather conditions
         | tend to be more extreme than the Mediterranean, and
         | additionally, designing for serviceability can have significant
         | advantages.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | Bad roads are safer. We design our roads to be driven much
         | faster than anyone should. Potholes and rough areas slow us
         | down
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | There are a few studies, with arguable relevancy that
           | discovered that roads that are safe but _look_ dangerous are
           | safer than merely safe roads.
           | 
           | None of that has any relation at all with potholes. Potholes
           | are dangerous and may not be even noticeable at a distance.
        
           | kbolino wrote:
           | Controlled-access freeways (interstates, motorways,
           | autobahns) have much lower accident rates per mile than other
           | roads with lower speed limits and more distractions.
           | 
           | Of course, the two broad categories of road largely serve
           | different purposes, so one can't go around replacing side
           | streets with freeways, either.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | Cars are the problem.
         | 
         | And just FYI roman roads were maintained. We dont have
         | documentation on this from the early imperial period. But from
         | the Byzantine period we know that there were local people
         | responsible for maintenance.
         | 
         | And we also know that even during Byzantine times many roads
         | were reverting to nature. Road maintence was a real problem.
        
         | gtmitchell wrote:
         | Rome had the advantage of access to essentially unlimited
         | forced labor in order to build and maintain their
         | infrastructure. Modern engineering is absolutely superior to
         | Roman engineering, but we do have to contend with budget
         | constraints, at least in part because we're not using slavery
         | to build our roads.
        
           | ffgjgf1 wrote:
           | Also the types of roads the Romans were building wouldn't be
           | particularly useful or pleasant to use.
        
         | tamimio wrote:
         | Wait till you see Canadian roads.. But the real reason is
         | construction mafia, to keep their work going, if they made it
         | high quality they are out of government maintenance contracts
         | in the coming years.
        
         | PhasmaFelis wrote:
         | I've done some research on this.
         | 
         | For one thing, cobblestone roads wouldn't last so long under
         | the weight and shear forces of modern vehicles. Y'know when
         | Wile E. Coyote skids to a stop so hard that the road under him
         | wrinkles up like a rug? A loaded semi truck braking hard can
         | actually make asphalt do that, just as an example of the kind
         | of forces involved.
         | 
         | For another, cobbles that are even a little bit wet become
         | slippery deathtraps at even moderate driving speeds. Even when
         | they're dry, highway speeds are going to be very uncomfortably
         | bumpy. Hard on people and hardware both.
         | 
         | Basically, a good driving road requires a surface that is
         | extremely smooth but also somewhat tacky, and that really
         | limits what other properties it can have. You can't build
         | something like that out of durable stone.
        
         | vikingerik wrote:
         | There is survivor bias to consider: we don't see any ancient
         | roads that didn't survive, if it became overgrown from neglect
         | or damaged by erosion or water or whatever.
        
       | strnisa wrote:
       | Coincidentally, this is also the future hyperloop map.
        
       | anVlad11 wrote:
       | I've been always fascinated by subway maps. The best ones are
       | usually made manually and require update from contractors on
       | every infrastructure extension. Were there any efforts to make
       | autogenerated styled subway maps? Not like stylization of OSM
       | data, but real schemes that show the whole system without sensory
       | overload?
        
         | ygra wrote:
         | Some examples of automatic layout in this style:
         | 
         | - M. Nollenburg: Automated Drawings of Metro Maps, 2005. We've
         | used that a while ago to render a few pretty images with our
         | graph visualization library, but runtime is prohibitive (along
         | with the requirement of a fast ILP solver).
         | 
         | - LOOM: https://github.com/ad-freiburg/loom and
         | https://loom.cs.uni-freiburg.de/global
        
           | solardev wrote:
           | Wow, cool. Thanks for sharing!
           | 
           | I hope someone builds a web version of Mini Metro with this
           | on top of OSM.
        
       | Yhippa wrote:
       | This is really neat! Thanks for sharing. I wonder if there's an
       | analogue for these routes and the roadway system there? I imagine
       | so. I thought it was interesting how short Via Appia was.
       | Learning Latin growing up, I imagined that to be much longer.
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | How does this compare to the modern rail system?
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | I checked and I think they are missing King's Highway:
       | 
       | https://www.audleytravel.com/jordan/country-guides/the-kings...
       | 
       | Was it not Roman enough, ie not built by Romans so not on the
       | map? Or did it not exist during Roman times?
        
       | rrr_oh_man wrote:
       | Funny thing is they _did_ have something like this already:
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Peutingeriana
       | 
       | (Check out one of the full size scans in the links)
        
         | delichon wrote:
         | The subway map is great for seeing the shape of the network,
         | but this one is better at showing the geographical constraints
         | that shaped the network.
        
       | jajko wrote:
       | Very schematic from region I live around - Geneva and Aosta are
       | not that far on the map and seem close neighbours, but highest
       | part of alps lies in between, passes can be brutal and far apart
       | (>=2500m high, ie St Bernard pass from where famous dogs come
       | from, can end up snowed anytime all year round and especially
       | 2000 years ago, at least 6 months/year unpassable for carriages
       | and dangerous for anything else).
        
         | darkwater wrote:
         | Well, you know, a subway would pass under the mountains ;)
        
       | busyant wrote:
       | Pretty cool.
       | 
       | My parents grew up in small villages that are adjacent to one of
       | these ancient roads (via Tiburtina:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Tiburtina) and the road
       | basically still exists as a modern road.
       | 
       | I remember driving near Pescara with my parents in the 1990s--
       | they had not been back to Italy in 35+ years and they were trying
       | to find their way back to their home towns.
       | 
       | We stopped the car on the side of a main road and asked a woman
       | who was walking, "Dov'e' la Tiburtina?" (where is the
       | Tiburtina?).
       | 
       | The woman responded... "QUEST'E' la Tiburtina!" (This _is_ the
       | Tiburtina).
        
         | beerandt wrote:
         | Newer but similar thing with Old Spanish Trail through the
         | southern US (and similar historic trails).
         | 
         | So many roads named after something or named some nostalgic but
         | generic thing, that no one realizes when they are actually
         | driving on the modernized version of the real thing.
         | 
         | Among other things, it seems most expect there to be a route 66
         | style or (american) rail-row insitu abandoned artifact of these
         | roads (which do sometimes exist in stretches of realignment)
         | but don't realize that un-abandoned places generally aren't
         | going to abandon their roads.
         | 
         | ETA: Old Spanish Trail went from the Atlantic coast of Florida
         | to the Pacific along the Gulf Coast then continued west. But
         | the places with continuous use to today from Texas east are now
         | more often excluded from 'Old Spanish Trail' maps.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | El Camino Real in California is now just another road full of
           | strip malls going through Mountain View and Palo Alto.
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | The road retained its name in part of Silicon Valley, but
             | the 101 follows the Camino Real as it continues south.
             | There are commemorative markers.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | absolutely love this. well done
        
       | ardit33 wrote:
       | The Roman Empire was very advanced for the time, and it left such
       | a huge imprint on the civilization even centuries, and thousands
       | of years after it.
       | 
       | The organization was a different scale.
       | 
       | Fun fact: Some of the most famous battles in England in the
       | middle ages, such as battle of Hasting, were basically 5k - 9k
       | soldiers in each side. That's just one and a half Roman legion.
       | 
       | Rome, could field 12 legions at a time, and the scale was insane.
       | I can see why the Roman Empire remained such a symbol of
       | civilization for a thousand of years after its fall.
        
         | ffgjgf1 wrote:
         | To be fair England was a complete backwater in Roman times,
         | just like much of Europe away from the Mediterranean. IIRC by
         | the 1000s Germany, France and Britain had already well
         | surpassed their Roman population peaks, Italy on the other hand
         | took another 500 years or so.
        
       | fisian wrote:
       | Cool visualization.
       | 
       | From the title I thought it would be this project (called "roads
       | to Rome"): https://benedikt-gross.de/projects/roads-to-rome/
        
       | krylon wrote:
       | I was about to complain that my hometown is missing, but then
       | remembered it didn't exist back then.
        
       | Brosper wrote:
       | It's a really cool project and I appreciate it a lot, but how
       | it's connected to the Hacker News site?
        
         | phasnox wrote:
         | Because it is very intersting knowledge?
        
         | art0rz wrote:
         | From the HN guidelines:
         | 
         | > On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting.
         | That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to
         | reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that
         | gratifies one's intellectual curiosity.
        
         | MattJ100 wrote:
         | From the HN guidelines[1]:
         | 
         | "On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting.
         | That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to
         | reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that
         | gratifies one's intellectual curiosity. "
         | 
         | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | holoduke wrote:
       | Many of the roads in Europe between cities are former roman
       | roads. Sometimes you can even see ancient small bridges along the
       | bigger highways. The romans cut out entire mountains to guide
       | roads through. Amazing work.
        
       | jonmon6691 wrote:
       | I don't know if "Genava" is the same as modern day Geneva CH, but
       | if it is, then how is can it be correct to show Vienna to the
       | west of it? I get that a subway map abstracts the physical
       | layout, but surely this is a mistake in the topology??
        
         | ipsi wrote:
         | I believe the Vienna on the map is, today, Vienne, a French
         | Commune: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re
        
         | alephxyz wrote:
         | The current city of Vienna was Vindobana in Roman times. The
         | Gaul Vienna on this map is now
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | There's a series on Amazon Prime where a Brit actually travels
       | the main Roman Roads in England, revisiting the history while he
       | goes.
       | 
       | They actually demonstrate how they got the roads so straight.
        
         | raddles wrote:
         | Is it this?
         | 
         | Britain's Ancient Tracks with Tony Robinson
         | https://m.imdb.com/title/tt6165532/
        
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       (page generated 2024-06-06 23:00 UTC)