[HN Gopher] Brain overgrowth dictates autism severity, new resea...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Brain overgrowth dictates autism severity, new research suggests
        
       Author : jdmark
       Score  : 72 points
       Date   : 2024-06-06 12:18 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (medicalxpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (medicalxpress.com)
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | So is it in some sense similar to having a brain tumour? Some
       | part of the brain is growing too much and depriving others of
       | space?
        
         | Rhapso wrote:
         | I'm biased to the evolutionary argument that neurodiversity is
         | a survival trait in social animals.
         | 
         | This theory, especially if the outcome is effectively random
         | bias in cognitive development, would fit that.
        
           | Rinzler89 wrote:
           | _> I'm biased to the evolutionary argument that
           | neurodiversity is a survival trait in social animals. _
           | 
           | Can you please explain what you mean by this?
        
             | Rhapso wrote:
             | https://society5.com/leadership/neurodiversity-evolution/
             | 
             | seems a decent summary
        
               | Rinzler89 wrote:
               | But to me that reads like different statement than yours
               | of neurodiversity being a survival trait, to which I have
               | to disagree.
               | 
               | Being a neurodiverse, or more commonly known "on the
               | spectrum", is a guaranteed way to get bullied (or worse)
               | by your peers who are not. How is that supposed to help
               | with survival?
               | 
               | Some neurodiverse kids and even adults get bullied so
               | hard they commit self termination (to avoid using the 's'
               | word). That's exactly the opposite of helping with
               | survival.
               | 
               | Helping with survival to me means having features that
               | help you get accepted by the heard and with finding a
               | mate to reproduce, not features that get you shunned and
               | outcasted till you end up wirtten off the gene pool.
        
               | hcfman wrote:
               | That's a bit simplistic. They might also invent a
               | personal computer the income from which very much helps
               | them survive.
        
               | Rinzler89 wrote:
               | You don't need to invent something that makes you a
               | billionaire to survive. Plenty of dumbass people out
               | there survive just fine.
               | 
               | Survival to me means having a happy life with friends and
               | family and passing your genes on, not being a quirky,
               | lonely tech billionaire.
        
               | Rhapso wrote:
               | The root misunderstanding is the "social species" part of
               | my statement. Neurodiversity benefits the species, so it
               | will be selected for as a survival trait for the species,
               | even if it is recessive or those who express it never
               | reproduce. Those "genetically adjacent" benefit and keep
               | the traits alive
               | 
               | If you think survival traits mean being healthy and
               | happy, ask Darwin why the evolution of caterpillars
               | killed his faith in god.
        
               | Rhapso wrote:
               | Like all variation in traits, going beyond 2 standard
               | deviations tends to not be beneficial.
               | 
               | We don't get to have variation without also having the
               | potential for too much of it.
               | 
               | Welcome to the messy stochastic search algorithm that is
               | online approximator for Causal Entropic Force.
        
               | sleepydog wrote:
               | I see it more as a survival trait for a population, not
               | an individual. An individual does not need to procreate
               | for a population to benefit from any trait they may have.
               | In that sense, the trait may be a disadvantage for the
               | individual, but increase the well-being of the population
               | at large. An unimaginative example would be an autistic
               | individual whose condition enables them to make a life-
               | saving scientific or mathematical breakthrough, but due
               | to the same condition ultimately dies alone and
               | childless.
        
               | rexpop wrote:
               | > Being a neurodiverse, or more commonly known "on the
               | spectrum", is a guaranteed way to get bullied (or worse)
               | by your peers who are not.
               | 
               | Is it? Hardly. I have been diagnosed, but was never
               | bullied. I don't bully my neurodiverse peers, and I think
               | new generations are, in some cases, more kind than our
               | predecessors in this particular area.
               | 
               | I think unkindness towards neurodiversity is a particular
               | facet of particular societies, and not a general aspect
               | of the human organism.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | I feel like this overgeneralizes autism. It's not the
               | guaranteed social death sentence you seem to be
               | describing. It's a spectrum, and there's more to it than
               | social issues.
               | 
               | One aspect you're discounting is obsession. Imagine the
               | stereotypical person who knows everything there is to
               | know about trains. Now imagine they were born a millennia
               | ago and focused instead on the weather or soil or
               | logistics or taxes. I can see that being quite valuable,
               | not just to the individual, but to society around them!
               | Value can drive success (particularly if you obsess about
               | it), and success is attractive.
               | 
               | As an extreme example, Elon Musk is autistic. I'm
               | positive he got bullied in school, but I'm also sure he
               | has more kids than you and me.
        
               | utensil4778 wrote:
               | Bullying is not an evolutionary mechanism.
        
           | natpalmer1776 wrote:
           | Neurodiversity as an evolutionary survival trait is such a
           | beautiful concept I haven't heard before, but it makes so
           | much sense!
           | 
           | I think the concept pairs really well with the idea of social
           | selection as a derivative of natural selection in which
           | social structures create natural divisions in a population's
           | gene expression to disfavor traits that don't benefit the
           | population even if they benefit the individual.
        
           | emptysongglass wrote:
           | We don't need to turn all pathologies into a positive trait
           | to be cherished. We see this all too often today with e.g.
           | ADHD (from which I suffer).
           | 
           | They are not our superhero abilities and they often come with
           | extremely debilitating consequences.
           | 
           | I know many people on the spectrum and they _suffer_.
        
             | Rhapso wrote:
             | Oh agreed, but all "positive attributes" are problems at
             | extremes.
             | 
             | I think this is similar. Literally everything we
             | pathologize around mental health (that isn't a direct
             | deficit) is "normal at lower intensities"
        
             | twojacobtwo wrote:
             | I also suffer from ADD (non-H type). While I definitely
             | acknowledge the validity of your point, having a view of
             | the other side of the coin often helps to cope with these
             | things. Not just cope, but moreso to keep in mind where we
             | might best apply our efforts to have the greatest effect in
             | our favor. It certainly helped me to have things reframed
             | in such ways.
             | 
             | I think it's more a matter of degrees than a wholesale one
             | view vs the other.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | ADD has been renamed inattentive-type ADHD
        
             | rexpop wrote:
             | Is there _no_ environment for which you 're fit? Is there
             | _no_ circumstance to which you might adapt?
        
         | kylebenzle wrote:
         | They are not similar at all really. Autism is correlated to,
         | "accelerated formation of neurons"(1) and "an increase in the
         | number of neural connections"(2). That partially explains some
         | savant-like traits being connected to autism. Outside of that
         | John Travolta movie where he got the brain tumor and got super
         | smart I don't think people are evolving tumors to increase
         | intelligence.
         | 
         | [1] Article [2] https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/in-autism-too-
         | many-brain-con...
        
         | sharpshadow wrote:
         | I would say no. A tumour is locally and doesn't cover the whole
         | brain as they found out that autism is linked to overall more
         | brain organelles.
        
         | robwwilliams wrote:
         | No. We are far from a "common cause" answer to autism or many
         | other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions.
        
       | pieter_mj wrote:
       | Overgrowth is a normal process in the development of the fetal
       | brain. It is followed by a reorganization, which means the
       | pruning and migration of neurons to the right locations in the
       | brain.
        
       | hcfman wrote:
       | It's a shame that some media still call this a disease where it
       | is clearly not a disadvantage in some contexts for some
       | instances. Where's as the words disease doesn't conjure up any
       | impressions of upside.
        
         | r_singh wrote:
         | What's more is that people aren't sensitive to it. Unsaid
         | social rules really make the lives of some of the differently
         | abled who have an eye for things the rest of us don't
         | difficult. Heart goes out for all those on the spectrum dealing
         | with family and social issues
        
           | chrisknyfe wrote:
           | that's because unsaid social rules are part of the structures
           | that keep rich elites on top, and help them filter out
           | "pretenders" to nobility.
        
             | DiscourseFan wrote:
             | Yes and no, as in any case to challenge power you'd need a
             | rigorous understanding of it, which you can't get if you're
             | severely autistic. The greatest works of humanity have been
             | made with social co-operation.
        
               | masfuerte wrote:
               | And the greatest atrocities of humanity have been made
               | with social co-operation.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Isn't that true of all diseases? What is the upside of being
         | autistic?
         | 
         | I don't think anyone who was somehow given the choice of autism
         | or no autism at birth would choose autism would they?
        
           | hombre_fatal wrote:
           | I'm sure the parents of an autistic kid who's nonverbal at
           | age 10 and punches himself in the face are comforted online
           | when they hear about how discourse around autism downplays
           | its advantages.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | I'm not sure what your point is. What _are_ its advantages?
             | I wasn 't aware of any.
        
               | rvbissell wrote:
               | It seems to me that GP was using sarcasm to express
               | agreement with your comment.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | Very few people are incapable of communication. Mutism is
             | neither exclusively nor inherently autistic, and there are
             | many other communication options available beyond voice
             | (though they'd have to be made available to the child -
             | that includes tools, where necessary, and training). Real-
             | time spoken language is a complicated skill, and we
             | shouldn't require that people master it before their needs
             | are respected.
             | 
             | Punching yourself in the face is a sign of unmet needs.
             | Sadly, the usual response to something like that is to (1)
             | restrain the person, then (2) not try to figure out those
             | needs, much less address them. I don't make a habit of
             | blaming caregivers, but if an autistic kid's punching
             | themself in the face enough for it to count as a character
             | trait, there have been significant failures at multiple
             | levels.
             | 
             | I'll repeat that. Punching yourself in the face is _not an
             | autistic trait_. It 's a caged lion trait. Put an allistic
             | kid in the right (wrong) situation, and they'll do the
             | same.
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | > _What is the upside of being autistic?_
           | 
           | A strong sense of right and wrong, ability to use the outside
           | lens on allistic societal structures, a rich internal
           | experience, deep interests that actually give you something
           | to talk about other than "the weather" and "the football" and
           | gossip.
           | 
           | These can all, of course, be framed as downsides: difficulty
           | acting immorally / being a bystander, tendency to confuse
           | others in what "should" be formulaic social interactions,
           | Theory of Mind(r) Deficit(tm) (#NotPseudoscience), "specific
           | and limited interests" / deficit in "small talk" ability.
        
         | squigz wrote:
         | > it is clearly not a disadvantage in some contexts for some
         | instances
         | 
         | Putting aside that this isn't exactly "clear", you qualified
         | this statement with "some" twice - ignoring the vast majority
         | of other contexts where it is decidedly not an "advantage"
        
       | sharpshadow wrote:
       | This is a phenomenal discovery and treatment could consist of
       | both increasing the space for the brain or decreasing the mass of
       | the brain.
       | 
       | Would be super cool if there could be found a way to enlarge the
       | skull size during growth to have enough space for that special
       | autism brains.
        
         | orlp wrote:
         | > and treatment could consist of both increasing the space for
         | the brain or decreasing the mass of the brain
         | 
         | I'll pass, thanks.
        
         | lmz wrote:
         | Or early abortion if it's detectable in utero.
        
         | robwwilliams wrote:
         | Sorry, I disagree. This is more a technical PR piece than real
         | science.
        
       | zachmu wrote:
       | This reminds me of a twitter thread I read a few years ago making
       | this prediction:
       | 
       | https://www.tinygnomes.com/qwiki.cgi?mode=previewSynd&uuid=B...
       | 
       | We had already known from autopsies that neural density in
       | certain brain regions is much higher among autists.
        
       | derbOac wrote:
       | This growth pattern has been documented pretty well? I used to
       | teach it in undergrad courses.
       | 
       | Autism spectrum issues are associated with overgrowth and then
       | deceleration more than normal. This seems like a
       | hyperexperimental version of it. Still interesting and good to
       | see corroborating evidence, also useful as a model for therapies
       | and other things.
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | Th predominant view in the field has been that there is early
         | cerebral overgrowth followed by either normalization or
         | regression of brain volume in adolescence. However, this
         | conclusion is based on cross-sectional comparisons. This means,
         | they look at different people at different ages, and make
         | inferences on developmental trajectories based on these cross-
         | sectional, age-related patterns. While this is often a starting
         | point, cross-sectional research can suffer from sampling
         | biases.
         | 
         | A huge weakness in autism neuroimaging research is the un-
         | representativeness of their samples. Nearly a third of
         | individuals with autism have severe intellectual impairments
         | (IQ's < 70) yet represent less than 1% of neuroimaging samples.
         | Individuals with other immense behavioral, sensory and language
         | challenges are also rarely make it through the rigors of
         | imaging protocols.
         | 
         | A rare exception has been imaging research that performed brain
         | imaging in very young children during natural sleep. and thus
         | can hold still enough for quality MRI images to be acquired.
         | This has allowed imaging of autistic children aged 2-6 years to
         | include autism over a whole range of severities, challenges,
         | and intellectual abilities.
         | 
         | This presents a problem though. The research that suggested
         | there is brain overgrowth in early childhood sampled from a
         | wide range of autism phenotypes and severities, while the
         | normalization evidence in adolescents and adults came from
         | autistic participants with normal ranged IQs and less severe
         | challenges, a clear cross-sectional sampling bias that
         | threatens the validity of the overgrowth normalization story.
         | Moreover, research indicated that disproportionate brain size
         | in autism was associated with slower intellectual improvements
         | with development.
         | 
         | I and my colleagues thus hypothesized that the discrepancy
         | would be removed if we can follow the same children from
         | childhood into adolescence longitudinally. Using a number of
         | behavioral techniques and a lots of care and dedication, our
         | team managed to acquire brain data in a broad spectrum of
         | autism phenotypes and severity levels from early childhood into
         | early adolescence.
         | 
         | We reported the results of our study in Biological Psychiatry
         | Lee in 2021.
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8089123/ (open
         | access).
         | 
         | Our conclusion: Longitudinal evidence does not support the
         | notion that early brain overgrowth is followed by volumetric
         | regression, at least from early to late childhood.
        
           | robwwilliams wrote:
           | Bravo. This is a critique and finding I trust.
        
             | SubiculumCode wrote:
             | Thank you for the kind words.
        
             | SubiculumCode wrote:
             | We are also working on IPSC's from the participants in this
             | longitudinal sample, using the blood samples we've acquired
             | since 2007 or so.
             | 
             | Now if we can just find the grant money to get the DNA
             | sequences read for all those samples...
        
           | derbOac wrote:
           | Thanks. Nice paper!
        
       | danlugo92 wrote:
       | Autism is a mental illness not a physical illness.
        
         | squigz wrote:
         | What is the difference, really? Our minds exist in a physical
         | state, and our moods/thoughts/reactions/etc are just
         | configurations of physical states.
        
           | threecheese wrote:
           | And further, these configurations are driven by chemical
           | exchanges that are entirely biological in nature, regulated
           | by other configurations, and all driven by a combination of
           | gene expression, experiences, and the physical environment.
        
         | llamaLord wrote:
         | Ummm sorry what? It's been demonstrated more times than I can
         | count that Autism has a physiological basis, not a
         | psychological one.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | It's not an illness at all- it's a neurodevelopmental disorder.
         | Although not well understood, it involves physically measurable
         | differences in brain development during childhood like the one
         | this post is about, and cannot be treated with things like
         | psychotherapy.
        
       | tenacious_tuna wrote:
       | For those who's instinctive approach to autism (or other flavors
       | of significant neruodivergence) is to treat it as something that
       | has inherent tradeoffs, or as something that "obviously" people
       | would want to manage or choose to not have when given the option:
       | I highly recommend this article [1] and the book written by the
       | same author, to recontextualize autism (in specific) and
       | neurodiversity (in general) not as things to be managed but as
       | forms of diversity in the human expression to be wholly welcomed
       | in wider society.
       | 
       | Put differently: Autism is not something to be managed away.
       | 
       | > I don't think anyone who was somehow given the choice of autism
       | or no autism at birth would choose autism would they?
       | 
       | I test in the statistically-likely range for autism on multiple
       | diagnostic tests, though I don't carry a diagnosis from a
       | psychiatric professional, so grain of salt, etc; but I find this
       | kind of hypothetical offensive and degrading. It rings so much of
       | how we approached queer identities throughout the years: blindly
       | assuming that because wider society has difficulty interacting
       | with autistic or otherwise neurodivergent people that THOSE
       | PEOPLE would prefer to be like those more neurotypical members.
       | 
       | I like my brain. I don't want it to change. I don't want to be
       | different. I don't want to be treated as someone suffering some
       | condition, or like there's "tradeoffs" in my experience of the
       | world that're any more significant or worthy of commentary than
       | anyone else's experience of the world.
       | 
       | [1]: https://neuroqueer.com/throw-away-the-masters-tools/
        
         | llamaLord wrote:
         | Just be careful with this line of reasoning though please. It's
         | already hard enough for people outside of the USA to access
         | treatment for things like ADHD when they want to, it doesn't
         | help to have a bunch of people walking around saying "it's not
         | actually a disadvantage at all... It's REALLY more of a gift".
         | 
         | Without my ADHD meds, I have ZERO ability to actually leverage
         | the "gift" part...
        
           | outside415 wrote:
           | those ADHD meds are exceptionally addictive and long term
           | damaging to your body/heart/mind. be careful.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | I imagine it depends on the meds, but I haven't heard about
             | any "exceptionally addictive" ones. Source?
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | There are a ton of different classes of ADHD medications
             | that are all very different. The most popular- stimulants
             | like adderall and ritalin are probably the most well
             | studied psychiatric drugs in history, and not without some
             | risk of adverse effects, but overall are quite safe even
             | for young kids.
             | 
             | Untreated ADHD itself is far more dangerous than any of the
             | medications: high rates of mortality, suicide, addiction,
             | job loss, relationship difficulties, car accidents, etc.
             | 
             | There is also some evidence that giving children stimulant
             | medications for ADHD can make it less likely that they will
             | continue to have ADHD as adults.
        
             | jauer wrote:
             | Maybe addictive to people _without_ ADHD...
             | 
             | They are so unaddictive to people with ADHD that
             | remembering to take them can be challenging.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | I think it has a lot to do with the dose and delivery
               | method... if you take massive doses or inject/snort the
               | medications like people trying to get high on stimulants,
               | the rate at which the drug takes effect causes euphoria,
               | which is addicting. There is no euphoria with properly
               | taken low dose stimulant medications for ADHD- they
               | aren't "enjoyable."
        
               | utensil4778 wrote:
               | Partly, but the main effect is simply the different
               | neurology. Neurotypical people actually get a kind of
               | high from amphetamines, whereas ADHD people just get
               | balanced. The drug just has a fundamentally different
               | effect on people with ADHD.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure that is a myth, and it only appears that
               | way because the circumstances are different:
               | 
               | People with ADHD are treated on a very low dose, and
               | slowly titrated up which makes you much less likely to
               | feel high. People without ADHD that are illegally using
               | stimulants aren't getting treated by a doctor, and aren't
               | going to slowly titrate up the dose, or take it
               | consistently in low doses over a long period of time.
               | People with ADHD sometimes do feel a small high or
               | euphoria for a short time when they first start a new
               | medication.
               | 
               | People without ADHD but using adderall illegally, e.g. as
               | a "study drug" are not getting a high or euphoria if they
               | consistently use a low dose like an ADHD person.
               | 
               | I have clinically diagnosed ADHD, but even the lowest
               | possible dose of adderall makes me extremely high in an
               | uncomfortable way and unable to sleep for days. Most
               | likely, I also have a liver enzyme mutation that causes
               | me to not metabolize amphetamines properly. Ritalin I
               | metabolize quickly, and don't feel a high at all.
               | 
               | You can't diagnose ADHD by giving a medication and seeing
               | how people respond. Even people with ADHD respond very
               | differently to the same medications.
        
             | utensil4778 wrote:
             | No, they are not.
        
           | appletrotter wrote:
           | It reminds me of the movements that existed to push for the
           | non-medication of schizophrenic patients, and to treat them
           | as just differently abled. It completely ignores the quality
           | of life impacts that these things can have. Obviously
           | ADHD/Autism is completely different from schizophrenia, but
           | it's the same principle.
        
         | outside415 wrote:
         | well said. everything needs to be diagnosed and treated with
         | drugs. it is better to persevere with CBT, meditation, and self
         | discipline than to cop out to some prescriptive drug regimen
         | because neurodivergence is viewed as something a drug company
         | can profit of off.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | This is not what treatment looks like for autism.
           | 
           | There are cases where drugs might be used, for teens with
           | severe emotional problems or kids with seizures (which are
           | common in people with autism). However, that's not what
           | treatment looks like for everyone (or I dare say most people
           | diagnosed with autism).
           | 
           | By and large, treatment for autism is centered around
           | therapy. Occupational, food, physical, and behavioral are all
           | common treatment routes for someone with autism.
           | 
           | There's no prescription drug regimen for autism.
        
         | threecheese wrote:
         | Same, -ish. I do wish I had this knowledge early in life - it's
         | been unnecessarily hard. But I think that while "aut-ish" is
         | difficult, severe autism has an entirely different impact and
         | we must protect these people: a "cure" would have a huge
         | positive impact on so many, and in order to have a cure we
         | first need to admit there is a disease. I have no problem being
         | perceived as "queer" (after all, I've been "weird" or "odd" for
         | 40 years, and synonyms can't hurt that much).
         | 
         | I feel almost lucky - sure, life has sucked and I've missed out
         | on so much, but I have a few things that really get my juices
         | flowing and I feel bad for those who don't. One of those things
         | is currently in demand by society, and I am happy to take their
         | money in exchange for software that came from my brain.
         | 
         | Edit: thanks for that link, I'd never heard that term and I
         | like it.
        
         | simmerup wrote:
         | Probably depends on your perspective.
         | 
         | As someone with an autistic niece, it seems very much a
         | condition that requires management
        
         | appletrotter wrote:
         | I think your ideas around 'tradeoffs' here are very confusing.
         | 
         | Tradeoff is such an intrinsically correct term to use here.
         | People with autism/adhd are worse at some tasks, and better at
         | others. That's what a tradeoff is.
         | 
         | There are similar discussions around deafness. Deaf people
         | often don't like to see their deafness as a disability, but as
         | something that defines their culture and experience. That's
         | still a tradeoff. You can decide to give your child cochlear
         | implants, and integrate them into mainstream schooling - or you
         | can opt out of that, and integrate them into the deaf
         | community. That's the very definition of a trade off, and it's
         | a very valid and difficult question.
         | 
         | The issue I have with your take is that its adoption can reduce
         | people's feelings of agency around their way of life. What
         | works for you isn't necessarily universal. The idea of a
         | tradeoff is that the same decision can have different meaning
         | to people in varying contexts. You might suggest that people
         | have been conditioned to want to be 'normal,' but that is an
         | oversimplification that ignores individuals' agency, and again,
         | unique contexts.
        
         | reuben_scratton wrote:
         | I have two severely autistic children who cannot talk and who
         | need lifelong care. That's the REAL autism, the one Leo Kanner
         | identified in 1943. Not the rebranded Aspergers with extra
         | rainbows.
         | 
         | I wouldn't wish real autism on my worst enemy.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Yeah, I also have a severely autistic child.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, I feel like the autism community's search for
           | acceptance often puts on blinders to such individuals. That
           | is particularly frustrating because those vocal about autism
           | acceptance often do it while castigating therapy as if it's
           | always a horrible thing aimed at hiding their true selves. We
           | are working as hard as possible so that our child can
           | hopefully advocate for themselves when we are worm food. If
           | that means "breaking" their true selves to teach them to
           | communicate (speech therapy), or using behavioral therapy to
           | get them to brush their teeth (even though they hate
           | everything about it), so be it.
           | 
           | I get why the DSM widened the definition, but what it means
           | to have severe autism is very different from what it means to
           | have mild autism. If my child has deep thoughts, they have
           | very little ability to express them.
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | > If my child has deep thoughts, they have very little
             | ability to express them
             | 
             | I'm sympathetic to much of your comment, but the "if" in
             | this sentence really made me wince. Seems to me there's a
             | lot of evidence that almost everyone with autism (including
             | those with very "severe" autism) do indeed have deep
             | intelligent thoughts and just can't communicate them (i.e.
             | that autism is primarily a sensory disorder rather than a
             | cognitive one). The best example I have of this is someone
             | who was entirely non-verbal their entire life, but managed
             | to write an entire book when taught to communicate via
             | pointing at letters on a printed "keyboard" (perhaps
             | someone else can find the reference- it was on HN a few
             | years ago)
             | 
             | Which also points to something which I think is really key
             | to helping those with autism: that often it is not about
             | pushing past their boundaries to get them to do things in a
             | "normal" way, but about working around them and finding
             | other ways for them to engage with the world productively.
             | 
             | That might mean writing instead of speaking. Or using
             | mouthwash instead of brushing their teeth. You might well
             | have tried all of these kind of things, but if you haven't
             | then please consider it!
        
           | CobaltFire wrote:
           | As a father of a child in the same situation as yours, who
           | has been personally diagnosed with Aspergers:
           | 
           | 100% agree. It's not something you want. I'm completely over
           | being polite to the people who spout this "I have the
           | symptoms but no diagnosis" line then try to speak about it.
        
           | eslaught wrote:
           | I'm reading NeuroTribes by Steve Silberman, and while I'm not
           | all the way through, the narrative of there being a "real"
           | autism (and specifically as identified by Kranner) is very
           | problematic at several levels. First, Kranner hired multiple
           | staff who had worked under Asperger and therefore there are
           | questions about priority. But putting that aside, Asperger
           | was actually aware of the more serious autism cases and
           | intentionally hid them to protect his patients from Nazi
           | concentration camps (or just straight up murder in their
           | "psychiatric" facilities), which in the early days targeted
           | many children who would today be diagnosed with autism (with
           | horrible consequences, obviously).
           | 
           | Kranner also intentionally set up his referral network to
           | filter _out_ the lower end of the spectrum of cases, such
           | that he missed what Asperger has correctly identified before
           | him: that is, that it 's a spectrum.
           | 
           | Being a spectrum means that there is an extreme end where
           | things are really, really difficult. I'm sorry to hear you're
           | experiencing that, but that's not to say the spectrum isn't
           | real or there hasn't been a battle to get to the point of
           | recognizing that it exists.
           | 
           | As to the GP's comments specifically, NeuroTribes provides a
           | lot of evidence that searches for autism "cures" have almost
           | universally hurt autistic people, and I mean this is a very
           | practical, and frankly horrifying, sense, not in the "my
           | feelings are being hurt" sense. The piercing irony of a lot
           | of these cases was that Kranner's own follow up to some of
           | his methods indicated that his own techniques were actually
           | making children's lives worse, not better. Some of the
           | children who did the best were frankly just left alone---
           | which says a lot about what we've done for them.
           | 
           | So, I don't know what the answer is, but I think it's worth
           | being at least aware of the history, because a lot of it is
           | frankly really dark.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | The history of all psychiatry is dark. The problem with
             | pointing at the history and saying, "Look at the terrible
             | history of autism treatment!" is it often treats all
             | current treatments as being equally as horrible as the
             | "Let's try and shock the autism out of these kids".
             | 
             | Modern treatment and therapy are not focused on "curing"
             | autism. It's pretty much all about building out life
             | skills. It doesn't do that by slapping the kids for doing
             | the wrong thing.
             | 
             | For example, part of my kid's therapy has been around
             | tolerance for brushing teeth. Are you seriously going to
             | try and argue that my kid would be better off if they never
             | went through that therapy? Even though they can now
             | tolerate teeth brushing and even having the dentist poke
             | around in their mouth.
             | 
             | Autism is a spectrum and so are the therapies for it.
             | Certainly, kids with more mild forms of autism don't need
             | as much therapy, but it's really frustrating to see "Look
             | at the time a guy tried slapping kids with autism, all
             | therapy is this bad".
        
         | o11c wrote:
         | > neurodiversity (in general) not as things to be managed but
         | as forms of diversity in the human expression to be wholly
         | welcomed in wider society.
         | 
         | > Put differently: Autism is not something to be managed away.
         | 
         | That's an abominable take. It only makes sense if you're
         | willing to ignore the massive suffering and ongoing trauma.
         | 
         | I'll refrain from explicitly invoking Godwin but the comparison
         | is obvious.
        
         | utensil4778 wrote:
         | This is a remarkably privileged take.
         | 
         | Maybe you can go about daily life and relationships with no
         | major hurdles, but plenty of us have gone though a lifetime of
         | suffering to barely scrape through daily life on our own. Even
         | more _cannot_ live an independent life and require a caretaker
         | _forever_. Some can 't talk, can't feed or dress themselves.
        
       | petercooper wrote:
       | Also macrocephaly is significantly more common in autistic people
       | than the general population (that is, macrocephaly is a head
       | circumference at the 97th percentile or higher, but ~20% of
       | autistic people have it).
        
       | SteveNew wrote:
       | This essentially can become a blood test for autism, or at least
       | to identify babies at risk of autism, right?
        
       | tezza wrote:
       | This is the best I could find of the actual paper
       | 
       |  _This research has a very small sample size_ (n=31)
       | 
       | Also indicated by the scatter plots too.
       | 
       | From the research: "total of 10 toddlers with ASD and 6 controls
       | ... In a 2021 batch, we measured BCOs from 10 ASD and 5
       | controls."
       | 
       | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380876463_Embryonic...
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | lol The sample size in induced pluripotent stem cell research
         | is often like this because of how laborious it is, and cutting
         | edge. Moroever, while the parent sample is small, it doesn't
         | mean that number of samples per individual is small.
         | 
         | I haven't read the paper yet, but if its like what our team is
         | doing, we take blood, and turn the cells there into neurons,
         | then organoids.
        
       | robwwilliams wrote:
       | These summary is just wrong wrt this study:
       | 
       | >"Now that Courchesne and Muotri have established that brain
       | overgrowth begins in the womb, they hope to pinpoint its cause,
       | in a bid to develop a therapy that might ease intellectual and
       | social functioning for those with the condition."
       | 
       | There is a slight difference between "beginning in the womb" snd
       | beginning in some odd organoid derived from blood cells.
       | 
       | Autism research imho tends to be flaky and this type of press
       | release does not help.
        
       | frithsun wrote:
       | I've been trying to tell everybody for decades that my problem is
       | that my brain is too damn big, but they all laughed at me!
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-06-06 23:00 UTC)