[HN Gopher] Parable of the Sofa
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Parable of the Sofa
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 483 points
       Date   : 2024-06-02 05:57 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tbray.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tbray.org)
        
       | kgeist wrote:
       | >Sofas made in the past 15 years or so are absolute garbage,
       | constructed of sawdust compressed and bonded with cheap glue,
       | simple brackets in place of proper joinery, substandard spring
       | design, flimsy foam, and a lot of staples.
       | 
       | Interesting, I didn't know it's the case everywhere, not only in
       | my country. Several beds/sofas we bought in the last 5-10 years
       | had such poor quality they cracked in multiple places already and
       | had to be fixed or replaced. Meanwhile a bed produced in 1970
       | changed 3 owners and still was in perfect condition when we
       | replaced it (for the only reason of looking "oudated", which I
       | regret now).
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | High quality furniture is still being made and sold, just not
         | for $300 for a couch.
         | 
         | Cheap shit is going to be cheap shit.
         | 
         | Growing up, furniture was something that was expensive,
         | carefully shopped for, and hand delivered fully assembled. I
         | see the availability of cheap (to make and to transport)
         | furniture as filling a gap in the market previously not
         | addressed, but if you're in a position to buy a piece you'd
         | like to keep 15 years, maybe IKEA and Wayfair aren't the right
         | furniture vendor for you. High quality furniture wasn't an
         | inflation-adjusted $300/couch back then either.
        
           | roughly wrote:
           | The challenge right now is that even the expensive stuff is
           | cheap shit. It's goddamn near impossible to actually assess
           | the quality of an item you're purchasing, and the only
           | guarantee is that if it's a good quality product today,
           | someone will recognize the brand has equity and financial
           | engineer it into crap tomorrow.
        
             | MeImCounting wrote:
             | Its not as hard to recognize good craftsmanship in
             | furniture as in other types of products.
             | 
             | https://www.thosmoser.com/
        
               | portaouflop wrote:
               | I don't see why that should be the case.
               | 
               | As someone who rarely/never buys furniture I have no idea
               | what good craftsmanship looks like in the finished
               | product.
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | You can recognize particleboard, can't you? That's low
               | quality. Cardboard covered with wood veneer is another
               | trick, but you can recognize that by its unnatural
               | lightness. Low quality again. Then look at the joints
               | between pieces. If the wood is shaped so that the pieces
               | fit into each other, then that is high quality. If they
               | are joined by screws, metal plates, or glue, then that is
               | low quality (or medium, in some cases).
               | 
               | It's not really that hard, although of course with a
               | couch the upholstery can hide a lot of sins.
        
               | portaouflop wrote:
               | Fair enough.
               | 
               | I do know that heavy furniture is probably higher
               | quality.
               | 
               | But that's about it.
               | 
               | Not sure if I would spot particleboard, since it's hidden
               | under paint or as you said veneer.
               | 
               | My only realistic quality criteria are: - does it look
               | old? - is it very heavy?
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | FWIW, MDF with a veneer is a higher quality than MDF with
               | paint. Also, you can tell when there is a veneer by
               | looking at the edges and corners.
        
             | Lio wrote:
             | This is the MBA curse. Some bright spark will recognise
             | that they can make a short term profit by cheapening the
             | product but retaining the high price.
             | 
             | ...but if they don't then other firms selling crappy (but
             | "good enough") products cheap will still drive quality
             | products out of the market. To stay even slight competitive
             | quality manufacturers will avoid investing in new processes
             | or equipment so that they can sell what they currently make
             | slightly cheaper.
             | 
             | Either way the products go to shit.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | There is same story from Sofa to software. Though in here
               | and many other tech oriented forums there is pretty
               | popular support for crappy, slow, buggy software.
               | Sometimes even with this hilarious veiled thread that
               | _imagine what would happen if this software would not
               | even exist if it were not of this quality?_ No one really
               | told them that world would be better place, you dummy.
        
             | condiment wrote:
             | There's plenty of good furniture out there, made by plenty
             | of good brands that haven't sold out. We seem to have
             | forgotten that brands build cachet for a lot of reasons,
             | quality being only one of them. The main issue today is
             | that we've inadvertently traded off quality for variety -
             | there's a huge variety of furniture being made, in every
             | conceivable style, size, and texture. But if you want good
             | stuff, you have to pay in time and money to get it, and you
             | might not be able to get exactly what you want.
             | 
             | Which is why it's strange to see people surprised that
             | their $3,800 CB2 sectional isn't built to the same standard
             | of quality as a $13,000 Roche Bobois sectional. Especially
             | when they could have easily gone to the showroom and lifted
             | a section up by a corner to learn exactly what they were
             | buying. Or gone online and searched for clones, or called
             | up any interior decorator in the region and just asked
             | "where do I get a good couch?"
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | Yeah... maybe, theoretically you could assess if the
           | expensive furniture was crap or not but in practice it's
           | problematic, so you pay for some expensive crap.
           | 
           | Also the thing is that IKEA hollowed out the middle market,
           | there is only cheap crap, medium crap but still crap,
           | expensive crap that masquerades as expensive quality, and
           | expensive quality.
           | 
           | The sofa that the author bought was not expensive quality, it
           | was medium quality. Medium quality is good enough for just
           | about anything but it probably isn't beautiful and high
           | quality. The stuff you are seeing around from the old days in
           | that are more sturdy than modern things are generally not the
           | expensive stuff, because that stuff is still expensive. It's
           | the medium stuff.
           | 
           | There is no longer any more medium stuff.
           | 
           | Thanks, IKEA.
           | 
           | On edit: feelings on matter may be colored by living in
           | Denmark, which may be more affected by IKEA than other
           | countries (proximity to Sweden, Danish habit of everyone
           | agreeing on one way of doing things and then there is no
           | other way)
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | It's not Denmark-specific. Hollowing out the middle has
             | happened across every product and service class everywhere
             | in the west. It's a broad problem, in no way limited to
             | sofas.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | I figured, but observations outside Denmark are on my
               | side shallow ones.
        
           | spondylosaurus wrote:
           | IKEA shelves and stuff are cheap (in both senses of the word,
           | generally, although some pieces do hold up surprisingly
           | well), but their couches in particular are somehow both crazy
           | expensive and wildly uncomfortable. I remember trying one in
           | the showroom that felt like a massive hard frame with some
           | sagging cushions tacked on, and it was about a thousand
           | bucks.
        
             | modeless wrote:
             | A thousand bucks isn't crazy expensive. This guy spent
             | ~$6,000 (inflation adjusted) on this couch he thinks is so
             | great.
        
               | spondylosaurus wrote:
               | It's expensive relative to other couches I've bought that
               | were (1) way more comfortable and (2) way more attractive
               | for a similar or lower price point. In the past I've had
               | $500 couches from Living Spaces that were both cute and
               | felt good to sit on. Better construction too.
               | 
               | $6k is still wild though, lol. I've also never really
               | cared for leather couches, so spending that much on one
               | is unthinkable to me, but maybe leather is just more
               | expensive than I realized...?
        
           | downWidOutaFite wrote:
           | The mid-tier has been hollowed out keeping prices high but
           | increasing the profit margin. From the Dwell article:
           | 
           | > Today's $1,000 sofa is not in the same league of
           | construction as a $299 Sears sofa (about $1,100 today) from
           | 1980. That thing was made of actual wood.
        
       | bad_username wrote:
       | > Late Capitalism: Check check fucking check.
       | 
       | I think the author would stop blaming capitalism after seeing the
       | atrocious sofas of the late socialist Soviet Union, which wete
       | not only worse than anything, but also the only choice.
        
         | Paul-Craft wrote:
         | It's easy to criticize his conclusion when you leave out all
         | the evidence for said conclusion:
         | 
         | > But the subtext is drearily familiar. Globalization: Check.
         | Cheap-labor arbitrage: Check. Tax engineering: Check. High
         | profits: Check. Flat-packing: Check.
         | 
         | Do you deny that any or all of this is happening, today, under
         | capitalism? Do you deny that there are incentives for any or
         | all of this under capitalism today? Do you deny that these
         | things would lead to the inevitable quality decline he's
         | lamenting? Let's not have any more of your straw man attacks.
         | Attack the real issue instead.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | He spent $1100 CAD getting his sofa reupholstered, and the
           | sofa itself cost over $3,000 CAD in 1999 according to the
           | article (so about $5,000 today).
           | 
           | Cheap things are cheaply made isn't news. But being able to
           | have them at all, is for a lot of people, very valuable.
           | 
           | What is not in the article is what would $5,000 buy him
           | today? He doesn't know because he didn't go looking. The
           | linked article in the article is someone talking about
           | reupholstering a $1,000 sofa.
           | 
           | EDIT: I mean hell, that article wants to talk about a $300
           | 1965 Sears Sofa... In 2024 USD that's almost $3,000.
        
             | Paul-Craft wrote:
             | He does have some idea what $5k would get him. He mentions
             | that a new, well-made, leather-upholstered sofa would run 5
             | figures, so, at least $10k. That makes re-upholstering the
             | economically rational choice over both a new $5k sofa and a
             | hypothetical, same quality version of the 1965 Sears sofa.
             | 
             | I don't see what your point is.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | That the entire context you posted for the conclusion
               | doesn't seem to be based on even an attempt to understand
               | whether the market has truly changed.
               | 
               | For that matter, it's also not clear if his sofa is
               | particularly well made (we never see the frame in the
               | article) or just expensive enough that it's worth re-
               | holstering for the price he was quoted...because the
               | article in question is someone who's $1,200 sofa would
               | distinctly not be worth paying $1,100 to re-upholster.
        
         | sparky_z wrote:
         | That's correct, the only two conceivable possibilities are
         | "everything exactly the way it currently is" and "everything
         | exactly the way it was in Soviet Russia".
        
         | beardyw wrote:
         | The world is not binary.
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | I imagine that is why he called out "late capitalism" rather
         | than "capitalism".
        
           | FeepingCreature wrote:
           | The twenty-first century did not invent cheap goods of
           | dubious quality.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | That's correct. It invented expensive goods of dubious
             | quality. If you want a cheap good and you buy a cheap good
             | and it's cheap, that's all fine. More power to you.
             | Problems come when the quality level you want is possible
             | to manufacture, even profitably, but _isn 't_ manufactured
             | because market said no.
        
         | doctor_eval wrote:
         | This is just whataboutism. Maybe you don't know this but there
         | are many alternatives to both neo-capitalism and
         | authoritarianism.
         | 
         | Tim is not blaming capitalism. Without wanting to put words in
         | his mouth, I think he's blaming unfettered capitalism and its
         | winner-take-all bullshit where the majority of the participants
         | in the economy fail to benefit from it.
         | 
         | My next business will - very intentionally - be a lifestyle
         | business, but it's been really hard to find a niche where I can
         | build a quality moat against massive players. The odds are
         | stacked against us smaller players because of an accumulation
         | of capital which is unnecessary and less efficient than
         | alternatives.
         | 
         | You can blather on all you like about capitalism being better
         | than communism but the kind of capitalism we're getting is no
         | better for us than the kind of communism we've fought against.
         | 
         | To quote someone on HN some years ago - I apologise that I
         | didn't keep the URL - "The US government's democracy is at most
         | the same as the Soviet Union's communism, merely something to
         | cover the way that those in power divide the loot."
        
         | the_gipsy wrote:
         | Doesn't remove the fact that we had good sofas 40 years ago.
         | 
         | Perhaps capitalism is only good while it's kept in check by the
         | menace of communism.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | He paid somewhere between 3 and 4 thousand dollars for that
           | couch in 1999, which is probably over $6k in today's money.
           | Sure a $999 leather couch from Ikea may not be the greatest,
           | but is it really so impossible to get a good quality leather
           | couch for $6500 today? That sounds ridiculous to me actually,
           | I'm certain that you could find many great options at that
           | price. And I don't believe that mere availability of cheaper
           | options is somehow a bad thing.
        
             | dade_ wrote:
             | Exactly. I bought my couch and chair $4400 (CAD) on sale
             | (about 40% off list) in 2008. I recall some people thought
             | I was insane for spending so much money on a couch. I
             | thought the price was fair after doing a lot of research,
             | and the sale at the time was awesome. Also, a 20 year
             | warranty on the frame.
             | 
             | Today, buying a couch and chair on sale for $6300 sounds
             | like a lot of money, but I imagine I'd need to budget at
             | least as much. Not from the same company though, they now
             | sell shit couches for $2500 and people complain the quality
             | is garbage and capitalism is failing. Or.... maybe you are
             | just a cheap SOB.
             | 
             | I still have the same couch and chair, now super comfy,
             | though it took years to break in. Leather is in excellent
             | condition.
        
         | drewcoo wrote:
         | Would you honestly prefer someone calling it en-sit-ification,
         | combining "cleverness" with a Doctorow meme?
         | 
         | Right. I didn't think so.
         | 
         | Also, the sofas of the USSR are not relevant to the
         | conversation any more than pre-capitalist couches are.
        
         | yard2010 wrote:
         | I am sorry, but the late socialist Soviet Union is a really bad
         | example here - you want to compare 2 democracies with different
         | economic attitudes, like the US and Germany (today).
         | 
         | The Soviet Union had a lot of problems that prevented the
         | people there from the life they deserved. There were many
         | monkey businesses from the US side, too.
         | 
         | Gorbachev tried to fix it and steer the system from a shitty
         | corrupted communism to a more western socialism. Unfortunately
         | for him the russians and honestly the rest of the world, he
         | failed.
         | 
         | Remember it's never either this or that. The best system takes
         | the good part from every attitude. The rigid, dichotomic
         | attitude of the last century is the root of the problem, not
         | communism or capitalism.
        
         | riehwvfbk wrote:
         | Those sofas were about the same as what you'd buy at IKEA
         | today, maybe even a bit more sturdy. And they basically were an
         | IKEA kind of product: cheap and mass produced.
         | 
         | Interestingly, a Soviet-era sofa in good condition is now worth
         | quite a bit for its retro properties.
        
       | lencastre wrote:
       | Pay peanuts get monkeys.
        
       | MeImCounting wrote:
       | Just gotta get some Gomer Bolstrood.
       | 
       | In all honesty I have no desire for furniture not made by someone
       | I know or alternately made by some New England craftsman who gets
       | paid more than I do and either way I want furniture that will
       | last at least the next hundred years. I have no desire for
       | furniture that my grandchildren wont spend a couple days fighting
       | over.
        
         | Brybry wrote:
         | My experience is that there's a high probability they won't
         | have space for it, or the will to refurbish it, and it will be
         | sold in a garage sale or even thrown away on the curb.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | > furniture that my grandchildren wont spend a couple days
         | fighting over.
         | 
         | Mayhap your grandpa said the same about his now worthless piano
         | or car. In my experience grandchildren don't usually want their
         | grandparent's furniture... That is why you can buy it so
         | cheaply at the second hand shop. That expensive sofa ends up at
         | the dump not the vintage store: nobody wants it.
         | 
         | If you want classic furniture then buy the best second hand
         | stuff. Why bother getting it made?
        
       | Simon_ORourke wrote:
       | The irony being that this very site's boosting of that store, in
       | a modern web-driven sense, is likely to see all sorts of
       | increased business for said store. Not that it's a bad thing, I'd
       | like to see them getting all business they can handle. But
       | there's a spectrum between the lifestyle capitalism stores like
       | this and the VC-backed unicorns.
        
         | timbray wrote:
         | That crossed my mind when I saw the piece show up on HN. But I
         | think they're already running more or less at capacity.
        
       | monero-xmr wrote:
       | The wonderful thing about the free market is that consumers have
       | choice. There is indeed a large market for high quality products
       | at a higher price. Old brands become shitty, and new brands pop
       | up.
       | 
       | Bernie Sanders, a famous modern-day socialist, is famous for
       | saying we don't need so many brands of deodorant:
       | https://fortune.com/2024/02/12/too-many-products-bernie-sand...
       | 
       | This is where I fundamentally disagree. Only the market, where
       | consumers put their hard-earned dollars at work, can tell us how
       | many brands of deodorant are needed. From skin sensitivity to
       | smell to the chemical makeup, I don't want a government
       | bureaucrat deciding the "correct" number of deodorant brands. I
       | want as many as the market sees fit.
       | 
       | Extending that principle outwards, the market will decide the
       | type of sofas that can be made, and at what price.
        
         | GolfPopper wrote:
         | The framing of 'government bureaucrat' vs. 'consumer choice' is
         | at best misleading. As lordnacho pointed out, such a free
         | market only works _for consumers_ when the consumers have real
         | agency. We exist in a state of immense information asymmetry,
         | where vendors have immense advantages over the buyers. (Immense
         | resources focused on highly misleading marketing vs. individual
         | expertise, with attempts by consumers to organize frequently
         | hijacked.) _I shouldn 't need to be a domain expert in order to
         | make an informed choice._ The level of acceptance of a "free
         | market" overwhelmingly dominating by deceptive marketing is
         | insane.
        
           | stana wrote:
           | Yes. We are heavily manipulated by the media to think that we
           | need 20 brands of deodorant. I think this is the subject of
           | Herman/Chomsky book "Manufacturing Consent" (from a more
           | political angle but I think applies to advertising as well)
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_Consent
           | 
           | (edited typo)
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | A solid part of that book goes to the notion that "the
             | media" are also manipulated | shaped by external forces ..
             | economics leading them to often take the path of least
             | resistance for greatest return.
             | 
             | The linked wikipedia overview lists 5 key points (of the
             | authers outline) of the "Propaganda model of communication"
             | and lists the government and the advertisers having a
             | powerful shaping force on the media.
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | At some point a politician does have to make a decision on
         | these things.
         | 
         | The decision won't look like "should anyone who introduces an
         | additional brand of deodorant be thrown in prison?" but more
         | like "should we give a tax break to this deodorant company
         | here, or to that aerospace company there?" Or "should deodorant
         | imports from China be treated as healthcare products, at a 15%
         | tariff, or cosmetics, which get a 30% tariff?"
         | 
         | When making that decision, you need to take into account
         | whether your citizens already have adequate suppliers of
         | deodorant and cruise missiles.
         | 
         | You might not like this situation, and have an idealistic
         | answer like "We shouldn't have tax breaks for anyone, there
         | should be a flat corporate tax of X%", but you're not going to
         | get that genie back into the bottle.
        
         | tmnvix wrote:
         | > Only the market, where consumers put their hard-earned
         | dollars at work, can tell us how many brands of deodorant are
         | needed.
         | 
         | Not even 'the market' can do this. Unless you mean it in some
         | sort of tautological sense - e.g. only the market can tell us
         | how many brands of deodorant the market can bear.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | Brands are dead now. We have arbitrary number of deodorant
         | brands, as producers can, and do, create new brands all the
         | time, and recycle or trade old ones. Between this and influx of
         | faux brands for white-label dropshipped goods, there's very
         | little signal in brand labeling today.
        
           | monero-xmr wrote:
           | Creating new brands all time time is poor for creating
           | consumer loyalty, which is the entire point of a brand. You
           | are missing the whole point!
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Nobody cares about customer loyalty anymore, that's the
             | entire point! Customers still loyal to brands are just
             | marks about to be exploited.
        
               | monero-xmr wrote:
               | I think you yourself are loyal to more brands than you
               | would admit! I can't imagine you never eat from the same
               | restaurant twice, buy from the same e-commerce website
               | twice, or use the same brand of toilet paper twice.
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | One exception that proves the rule: the best sofa we ever had was
       | a hand me down from Pottery Barn c. 2009 made of softwood and
       | particle board with stapled on polyester velour. Extremely easy
       | to clean, easy to take apart, and easy to re-assemble. It cracked
       | in the middle but I reinforced the frame and added extra feet and
       | the design meant the re-stapled fabric covered all my bodges
       | quite neatly.
       | 
       | Yes, modern furniture is crap and there is an epidemic of junk
       | sold at fancy prices. If you reframe your crappy sofa as
       | purchasing a _sofa kit_ and pay a reasonable not-West-Elm price
       | for it then it doesn't seem so bad after all.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | This is something that has bothered me for a while. When we're
       | discussing capitalism, people seem to get it in their head that
       | it's either what we have now, or you can fuck off to North Korea.
       | 
       | How I would characterize my ideal economy is one where the
       | feedback loop works: people can make reasonable guesses about
       | what a product is, how long it will work for, and what its cost
       | is. They can adjust their purchases according to their needs,
       | which tells us which products should exist and which should not.
       | Businesses do not trick the customers into thinking a thing has
       | more value than it actually does. A very large part of this
       | economy is accurate information, and a very large part of
       | accurate information is trust. After all nobody is going to know
       | more about the product than the people who made it, and they will
       | always have an interest in representing their product in the most
       | positive light. Lemon problem.
       | 
       | The thing that seems to characterize the economy now is that
       | businesses will violate your trust in order to make money. They
       | know that you won't read the license agreement when you sign up
       | for a service, and they will use that. They know that you won't
       | be checking what kind of joins your sofa has. They know that you
       | won't get as much value from their items as the adverts say. All
       | of these abuses can be done within the law, perhaps because these
       | same businesses are involved with shaping the law.
       | 
       | The feedback loop is broken, and this leads to the same problem
       | as what the Soviet Union had. Their problem wasn't that people
       | were lazy and didn't go to work. Their problem was that they made
       | the wrong stuff. Things that nobody wanted, often with the same
       | quality issues as what you get these days buying an item from a
       | market economy. Note that GDP figures will still not know this,
       | it just sees all the crap and counts the money paid for it.
       | 
       | Often we pick on MBAs when it comes to this sort of critique, and
       | there's some merit to it. If your only goal is to make money, and
       | the economy is riddled with loopholes where you can make money
       | without providing value, then we will have an economy that
       | doesn't provide a lot of value, because MBAs are really good at
       | finding these types of things.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | This sort of thing is satisfying to write and even more
         | satisfying to read and nod along to.
         | 
         | But it's paper-thin histrionics.
         | 
         | "an ad said I'd value something and I didn't" and "I didn't
         | read the license agreement" are trans-mutated into "abuse" that
         | should obviously be illegal, and somehow become grist for all
         | sorts of grand invocations, GDP, capitalism, MBAs, North
         | Korea...
         | 
         | You're free to check what joins your sofa has. In fact, we all
         | seem pretty well-informed on that. God bless the info markets.
         | 
         | It is legal to make cheaper sofas than artisanal leather
         | couches with joins approved by a FAANG employee. God bless the
         | sofa market.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | There's always someone who writes the rebuttal you're writing
           | here. I used to do it all the time as well.
           | 
           | It's always the same rebuttal, "why don't you just check this
           | then", along with "well all the information is out there".
           | 
           | In isolation, it is true. You could spend a day going out on
           | the internet to try to learn what kinds of join your sofa
           | might have. I suspect you would never even have considered
           | the problem, and that is a rather major problem.
           | 
           | There are a LOT of products in the world. You will not know
           | the unknown unknowns of every item. Even the known unknowns
           | are often not worth your while to spend time on, because a
           | scale manufacturer can provide an item at a price below which
           | you will not bother to check.
           | 
           | The fact is we're all dependent on people making the honest
           | choices when they're offering us stuff, you can't check it
           | all.
        
             | bratwurst3000 wrote:
             | Crypto bros are like this. 100% behind the product . Most
             | don't even know how a database works or that crypto is
             | that. It's only magic words....
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Crypto bro? Databases? What?
               | 
               | Anyways, for the crowd, in another post, you say: "May I
               | add, cheap shit will always win if most people don't have
               | the initial money to spend on quality. A 400EUR dollar
               | shitcouch seems better than no couch at all."
               | 
               | Sounds like you completely understand my point
        
               | bratwurst3000 wrote:
               | Sorry the crypto argument was for one post beneath you.
               | But yes I get your point.
        
             | refulgentis wrote:
             | > It's always the same rebuttal, "why don't you just check
             | this then", along with "well all the information is out
             | there".
             | 
             | What's is this thing you're always seeing attempting to be
             | rebutted? I'd love to hear more specifics.
             | 
             | > I suspect you would never even have considered the
             | problem, and that is a rather major problem.
             | 
             | I worked my butt off from a college dropout waiter to get
             | to the point that I had enough money to care about this and
             | specifically did. I'm glad I was able to afford a shitty
             | sofa in the interim. You are mindreading and myopic.
             | 
             | > The fact is we're all dependent on people making the
             | honest choices when they're offering us stuff, you can't
             | check it all.
             | 
             | 3rd try: when we come down from the castles in the air,
             | what are we asking for here?
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | What I'm saying is capitalism isn't working the way
               | people say that it works, and the way people want it to
               | work. Now obviously a lot of ink has been spilled about
               | what exactly capitalism is, so you're not going to get a
               | mathematically specific list of definitions that everyone
               | agrees on.
               | 
               | But the main idea is that modern businesses are
               | undermining the efficient allocation of resources.
               | 
               | > therefore something(?) should be illegal
               | 
               | What did I say should be made illegal?
               | 
               | > You are mindreading and focused on putting down the
               | messenger.
               | 
               | No I'm not. Suspecting that you've never thought about
               | sofa joins is very reasonable, you might be the only
               | person I've ever communicated with who has ever done
               | this. You feel put down because I think you're not a sofa
               | expert?
               | 
               | > Why not discuss this amorphous idea that is always
               | attempted to be rebutted and never can be?
               | 
               | If you want to discuss amorphous ideas you will need to
               | accept they might have some merit. Not being able to put
               | your finger on something can be challenging, but that
               | doesn't mean there's nothing there.
               | 
               | > Again, when we come down from the castles in the air,
               | what are we asking for here?
               | 
               | Is that a requirement? I have to have a demand? Sorry,
               | but I'm writing a few thoughts from the comfort of my bed
               | and expecting others to constructively contribute, like
               | one does here.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | "Look, _all_ you need to do is educate yourself a bit on
             | the engineering details of every individual kind of durable
             | good that you will ever purchase... "
        
           | saagarjha wrote:
           | I have literally no idea what joins my sofa has. I own far
           | too many things to check the seams and joints on everything I
           | have ever bought.
        
             | refulgentis wrote:
             | There's a motte and bailey here.
             | 
             | Motte: "people tell me to go to North Korea for my idea
             | that it should be illegal to make couches with the wrong
             | joins, use license agreements, or air ads that don't match
             | my eventual experience",
             | 
             | Bailey: "I don't know what a join is, and I shouldn't need
             | to"
             | 
             | Again, I ask: What's actually being proposed here? If
             | nothing, is this just white collar barroom conversation,
             | via griping?
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | The proposal is that it should be illegal to make couches
               | with bad joins, yes. Or do so in a way that isn't
               | completely obvious, rather than me having to check the
               | actual join.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Setting aside my shock at you invoking motte-and-bailey
               | here, given that I'd apply it to your counterargument
               | first, here are some concrete proposals:
               | 
               | - Ban most of the advertising as it's known today,
               | recognizing it for the cancer on modern society that it
               | is (see: [0]);
               | 
               | - Make vendors pay for costs of disposal of their
               | products; this would curtail the profitability of shit-
               | tier products and planned obsolescence;
               | 
               | - Institute a carbon tax; this will improve things across
               | the board.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | [0] - http://jacek.zlydach.pl/blog/2019-07-31-ads-as-
               | cancer.html
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | "Shock", my goodness.
        
           | shswkna wrote:
           | You are right, but the very need to do the hard work of
           | informing yourself, to the point of becoming a semi expert in
           | sofa construction and what to look for, reduces the value of
           | what the sofa-seller is offering. The point of an economy
           | where everyone specialises on what they are good at, is that
           | you the buyer don't need to become an expert. Its part of the
           | value addition. This value addition mechanism is failing in
           | your argument [because I need to become a semi expert first,
           | i.e. this isn't part of what I am buying]
           | 
           | The problem here is trust. The trust that the monetary amount
           | I am paying is equivalent to the real value I am getting. And
           | that our society accepts that it is a sound business model if
           | this trust is broken.
        
           | CJefferson wrote:
           | How do I check what joins a sofa has? Companies won't tell
           | me, and don't have to tell me. I can't start tearing apart
           | sofas in the showroom.
           | 
           | I'd love a world where companies had to simply, and
           | truthfully, explain how their products were built, maybe even
           | do some standard testing and tell me how long it's likely to
           | last.
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | It's very much an information problem. One needs a company that
         | can go do all the research and tell their readers what stuff is
         | well made and good quality.
         | 
         | Things like Consumer Reports and Which are supposed to full
         | this niche but they only assess big brands (and are probably
         | under used by people).
        
           | ginko wrote:
           | >It's very much an information problem. One needs a company
           | that can go do all the research and tell their readers what
           | stuff is well made and good quality.
           | 
           | This role used to be filled by reputable stores.
        
             | card_zero wrote:
             | Curating stuff means:
             | 
             | You aren't offering most of the things people can imagine,
             | 
             | You aren't offering all the latest trendy stuff, important
             | in the moment,
             | 
             | You're paying people to check the quality of your limited
             | range of dusty goods.
             | 
             | (Wikipedia has solved this problem by having an army of
             | 120,000 active and mostly conscientious volunteer editors,
             | but that's some kind of magic trick or luck that cannot be
             | deliberately copied into other domains.)
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Small business stores mostly had lousy selection and wanted
             | to sell you what they had in stock for the most part. Yes,
             | you had some niche labor of love businesses, but those were
             | the minority. Information used to be really hard to come by
             | outside of a few sources like Consumer Reports.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Doesn't help you at all when the company waits until the
           | review is done (possibly speeding it up by soliciting
           | independent reviews early), and then swaps out the components
           | and manufacturing process for cheaper, worse one, without
           | changing the product name and the SKU. Big brands have
           | already been caught red-handed doing it; most recent big
           | story I recall was about hard drives.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Or the automotive way, giving reviewers a full vacation in
             | Tahiti with all things included that happens to include a
             | test drive of their new car somewhere, making sure they're
             | _ahem_ all relaxed so they can give a completely fair and
             | unbiased review.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | This also assumes that there is actual competition to be
             | compared, but corporations are surprisingly bandwagony.
             | 
             | E.g. look at phone, car, TV or any other similar markets
             | and just how homogenous they became.
             | 
             | Heck, my mobile phone reviewers are outright quitting
             | because that whole billion $ market is pretty much
             | stagnant.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | They would be a much more critical and well-functioning part
           | of the economy (performing vital information-discovery and
           | dissemination functions) if advertising was banned or at
           | least _severely_ curtailed.
        
         | solidasparagus wrote:
         | That leaves a market gap and then a better company can fill it,
         | unlike centralized economies. Is that happening? I would say
         | yes, at least in some cases. High-quality, direct-to-consumer
         | brands are great. I rely on purchasing guides for many of my
         | buys and those point me to brands whose primary attribute is
         | quality (or cost effectiveness) instead of marketing or
         | historic adoption. That's great for me and great for the
         | company!
         | 
         | But many people haven't adapted to ecommerce like that. I think
         | that will change as people learn to have more suspicion and
         | place more of their trust in neutral third parties
         | (historically how you made purchases when everything was local
         | and your community gossiped about which places were good and
         | bad). Yeah, there will be issues when those third parties turn
         | out not to be trustworthy (like Yelp), but I think overall the
         | ability to make well-informed purchasing decisions has never
         | been higher. People are just slow to change their habits for
         | this new world.
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | I really don't believe people will be able to adapt to
           | navigating a system that is designed (and constantly
           | redesigned) to make them buy cheap garbage. Young people are
           | not much more tech-literate than their elders.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _That leaves a market gap and then a better company can
           | fill it, unlike centralized economies. Is that happening?_
           | 
           | Not really, as the gradient points towards those companies
           | cheapening out or folding. After all, under information
           | asymmetry, companies that sell low-quality crap for mid-level
           | price and lie about their product quality outcompete those
           | selling mid-quality goods for mid-level price honestly.
           | 
           | > _I rely on purchasing guides for many of my buys and those
           | point me to brands whose primary attribute is quality (or
           | cost effectiveness) instead of marketing or historic
           | adoption. That 's great for me and great for the company!_
           | 
           | That's assuming any of those guides aren't paid
           | advertisements, which I believe most are. Even Wirecutter is
           | questionable nowadays. And that's before considering that
           | manufacturers do stuff like giving first high-quality batch
           | of products to reviewers, and then, couple months down the
           | line, swapping components and process for cheaper, low-
           | quality ones, but retaining the SKU.
        
             | FridgeSeal wrote:
             | > companies that sell low-quality crap for mid-level price
             | and lie about their product quality outcompete those...
             | 
             | 100%, and to make matters worse - the consequences don't
             | even matter to them. They don't care if people find out,
             | because all they have to do is outlast that medium
             | price/quality point business and they've won, and once
             | they've won, it's game over, that middle section isn't
             | coming back anytime soon.
        
           | downWidOutaFite wrote:
           | Nope. Marketers always spam, buy or copy any "neutral third
           | party" to death.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | With increasing size of corporations (which buyout
           | competition to create market monopolies) the market economy
           | is turning into a centralized economy, isn't it?
           | 
           | Just instead of an entity called "political party" it's being
           | directed by board of directors of said corporations. And
           | they're very effective at lobbying further to decrease
           | chances of market competition as well.
           | 
           | So the system you're describing is not actually happening to
           | the extent we need in the wild, we're drifting away from
           | market economies to centralized economies.
        
         | temporarely wrote:
         | The political system angle is a red herring, imo. The issue is
         | how is money created, who gets to create it, and what sort of
         | political economy then grows around it. Our system is based on
         | private entities creating money out of thin air and then
         | charging interest on it. Everybody else must service these
         | debts so continual "growth" is baked into the system.
         | 
         | IMF (surprisingly) allowed two economists to take a look at an
         | alternative.
         | 
         |  _Chicago Plan Revisited_ , 2012
         | 
         | https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2012/wp12202.PDF
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_plan
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_plan_
           | 
           | Doing a quick read: this appears to be the Gold Standard by
           | another name.
           | 
           | Irving Fischer is associated with it, and Fischer was a
           | mentor/inspiration to Milton Friedman, who, amongst other
           | things, gave us:
           | 
           | > _The Friedman doctrine, also called shareholder theory, is
           | a normative theory of business ethics advanced by economist
           | Milton Friedman which holds that the social responsibility of
           | business is to increase its profits.[1] This shareholder
           | primacy approach views shareholders as the economic engine of
           | the organization and the only group to which the firm is
           | socially responsible. As such, the goal of the firm is to
           | increase its profits and maximize returns to shareholders.[1]
           | Friedman argues that the shareholders can then decide for
           | themselves what social initiatives to take part in, rather
           | than have an executive whom the shareholders appointed
           | explicitly for business purposes decide such matters for
           | them.[2]_
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedman_doctrine
           | 
           | You know, the philosophy that Boeing's management has been
           | following the last decade or so.
           | 
           | The post that you are replying to wrote:
           | 
           | > _The thing that seems to characterize the economy now is
           | that businesses will violate your trust in order to make
           | money._
           | 
           | Under the ideology of Fischer and Friedman this is just fine.
           | So I'm not sure putting forward an economic idea ("Chicago
           | plan") by them would really help in
           | preventing/reducing/rolling back 'Late Stage Capitalism' (or
           | whatever) or accelerate its effects more. Probably the
           | latter.
        
             | temporarely wrote:
             | There is an abstract in the paper which is more
             | authoritative than wikipedia. You should read the paper.
             | Also whatever Friedman said or did is entirely irrelevant
             | to the so-called Chicago Plan - it's not called the
             | Friedman plan after all :
             | 
             |  _At the height of the Great Depression a number of leading
             | U.S. economists advanced a proposal for monetary reform
             | that became known as the Chicago Plan. It envisaged the
             | separation of the monetary and credit functions of the
             | banking system, by requiring 100% reserve backing for
             | deposits. Irving Fisher (1936) claimed the following
             | advantages for this plan:
             | 
             | (1) Much better control of a major source of business cycle
             | fluctuations, sudden increases and contractions of bank
             | credit and of the supply of bank-created money.
             | 
             | (2) Complete elimination of bank runs.
             | 
             | (3) Dramatic reduction of the (net) public debt.
             | 
             | (4) Dramatic reduction of private debt, as money creation
             | no longer requires simultaneous debt creation.
             | 
             | We study these claims by embedding a comprehensive and
             | carefully calibrated model of the banking system in a DSGE
             | model of the U.S. economy. We find support for all four of
             | Fisher's claims. Furthermore, output gains approach 10
             | percent, and steady state inflation can drop to zero
             | without posing problems for the conduct of monetary
             | policy._
        
       | bratwurst3000 wrote:
       | May I add, cheap shit will always win if most people don't have
       | the initial money to spend on quality. A 400EUR dollar shitcouch
       | seems better than no couch at all.
        
       | bunnie wrote:
       | The bit about "lifestyle business" always being uttered in
       | contempt resonated with me.
       | 
       | I always assumed it was just me being overly sensitive to folks
       | expressing concern over my life choices, urging me to snap out of
       | my "mid-life crisis" and do something "useful" like raise money
       | and scale up, or "apply myself" at famous institutions with "real
       | impact".
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | > In conversation with venture capitalists, you hear the phrase
         | "lifestyle business", meaning one that is doing nicely and
         | rewarding the people who run it and which isn't planning for
         | unbounded growth. The words "lifestyle business" are always, of
         | course, uttered in a voice dripping with contempt.
         | 
         | This makes me wonder what other type of business is there? How
         | do VCs describe their business, what is their aim? Is it to be
         | 'king of the world'? Have more money than god? Have power to
         | control others?
         | 
         | If that's it, lifestyle businesses sound much more human. Who
         | wants to pretend to be god, rather than being oneself?
        
           | throwaway2562 wrote:
           | The contemptuous phrase 'lifestyle business' is just VCs
           | saying the quiet part out loud. You want to run a company
           | that feeds your family and provides some decent stable jobs,
           | indefinitely? You must be a clown, they think.
           | 
           | The other memorably awful/ macho bullshit line I once
           | personally heard when pitching an idea to a young thruster
           | was: "Who gets fired?" by which the guy meant, whose jobs are
           | on the line if you build your business successfully?
           | 
           | Not all games are zero-sum, I had to tell him.
        
             | bunnie wrote:
             | I think maybe it's the case that the VC's biggest
             | competition for top talent and good ideas are from the
             | innovators that they hope to invest in.
             | 
             | If they encourage a thousand lifestyle business bloom, one
             | might turn into a boot-strapped "unicorn" that didn't take
             | their money, so it's in their own interest to make
             | lifestyle businesses seem like a terrible idea.
             | 
             | The more talented people are convinced the only way to
             | start a business is with VC, the higher a value VCs can
             | extract from talented people. If we actually had more
             | socially acceptable options, more folks would have the
             | leverage to walk away from the table and shove the VC's
             | non-competes, non-disclosures, preferred shares and
             | meddling board seats in their face.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Lately I've been a bit depressed by startups I respect
               | going down, most of all _post.news_ which was a refined
               | product developed in one and a half years by a moderate-
               | sized team and funded by Scott Galloway and Andreessen
               | Horowitz. The official statement was that it was not
               | growing fast enough to make it as a consumer product:
               | 
               | https://techcrunch.com/2024/04/19/post-news-
               | the-a16z-funded-...
               | 
               | Though I think there could be more to it than that: (1)
               | the full development of that site would have required
               | cooperation from the news industry that isn't easy to get
               | and (2) I don't think they got the word out well because
               | despite star-studded founders and investors and my being
               | interested in that sort of thing (to the extent of doing
               | market research and product analysis for that kind of
               | thing) I never heard about it until the last week.... And
               | that's for a business much more interesting and
               | innovative that the comparable Threads or Bluesky.
               | 
               | From the outside though it seems like 1.5 years is not a
               | lot of time to exhaust the possibilities of growth for a
               | site like that. (As I see it Reddit took more like 3
               | years for subreddits to become what we know)
               | 
               | On the other hand there are the zombie unicorns.
               | 
               | I have been watching Temu: I saw the ads, I bought what
               | could be most of my halloween costume this year and two
               | rolls of fox stickers (not sure if that was a mistake or
               | a dark pattern) and a dragon figurine. Almost everything
               | was smaller than I expected and afterwards I got a huge
               | volume of irrelevant but seemingly personalized emails. I
               | think they're a paper tiger: I can be impressed by their
               | advertising spend but they don't seem like masters of
               | marketing and algorithms to me.
               | 
               | The of course there is Uber and the other ride hailing
               | and food delivery services. Uber has spent over $25
               | billion on giving subsidized taxi rides and there is no
               | end in sight. Even at American prices, $25 billion could
               | have built a lot of subway or light rail but Uber won't
               | leave such a legacy. Or if it does it will be breaking
               | the economics of both chain and independent restaurants
               | who have reshaped their businesses around a delivery
               | business for which the economics doesn't really work.
               | 
               | The strength of VC is it can make it bets like Temu and
               | Uber but that can be very much a finger trap.
        
               | jprete wrote:
               | It occurs to me that one reason we have such a winner-
               | take-all tech economy might be that VCs don't want
               | anything else to exist.
        
               | gcanyon wrote:
               | Ha -- I would be a good candidate customer for post.news,
               | and you've known about it (checks the post above) a week
               | longer than I have :-)
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | See https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
           | que...
        
           | rcxdude wrote:
           | The goal is to make a return on investment. A successful
           | lifestyle business doesn't generally make money for
           | investors, or at least they expect to make more money from
           | moonshot massive growth companies. So VCs will absolutely
           | kill a potential or existing small, sustainable company for a
           | chance at a billion-dollar company, even if the odds are
           | tiny. For the founders, a lifestyle business is generally a
           | better option, a) because it's their effort on the line, and
           | b) because they don't get to make as many bets as the VCs do.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | Also VCs and PE do not care long-term beyond the time when
             | they cash out. If you're building the business, you
             | probably will care longer, especially about what happens to
             | the people you hired and worked with.
        
           | crispyambulance wrote:
           | It's OK, when many folks say "venture capitalists" they
           | always utter it in a voice dripping with contempt as well (I
           | certainly do).
           | 
           | "Lifestyle business" is what EVERYONE did back in the day
           | before mega corporations. I come from a long line of
           | shoemakers, tailors, and various artisans. All "lifestyle
           | businesses". I expressed interest in following in their
           | footsteps but my parents had sent me to college and always
           | laughed at the idea of me taking up the family business. They
           | had always felt it was too much of a hard life and as is
           | typical for immigrants "wanted better for me". Ironically,
           | artisanal work is now highly valued and I probably would be
           | making far more money now (and have unbreakable job security)
           | if I had somehow convinced my parents to apprentice me.
           | 
           | I suppose the closest thing to a lifestyle business in tech
           | would be freelance consultants. It's more of a thing for
           | certain people who typically have already spent a career in
           | mega corps or VC-driven start-ups. I can't think of many
           | people who have STARTED as freelancers-- other than some
           | small number of academics.
        
         | JimDabell wrote:
         | I think lifestyle businesses are great, but if you are building
         | a lifestyle business and meeting with VC firms then you are
         | wasting their time. They can't invest in you. Their business
         | model is designed to take a large number of risky bets to try
         | to catch a unicorn. If you have a less risky business that
         | isn't going to take off like a rocket, it might be a great idea
         | and a massive success for you, but it isn't compatible with
         | their business model at all. You are better off meeting with
         | angel investors who do invest in lifestyle businesses.
        
           | intended wrote:
           | That said - VCs / PE are effectively in the business of
           | outcompeting Lifestyle businesses.
        
             | mbravorus wrote:
             | Outcompeting? Hell no. Eliminating - sure.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | It's the same thing when the outcome is that they "win".
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | It's not.
               | 
               | Lifestyle business has benefits B1, B2, B3, and cons C1,
               | C2, C3.
               | 
               | VC/PE talks a lot about C1, C2, C3 and promotes its
               | business that also has benefits B1 and B2.
               | 
               | Amidst the deceitful noise, people forget about B3 and
               | migrate to the VC/PE backed thing.
               | 
               | Lifestyle business folds.
               | 
               | Society/people lose B3.
               | 
               | This is not out competing. It's just bullshit.
        
         | keepamovin wrote:
         | Yeah, and lifestyle businesses are not the ones YC will ever
         | fund. Perhaps the contempt should be reserved, if people deem
         | it's needed, for those venture vultures who feel they know the
         | price of everything, but in actuality know the value of
         | nothing.
        
         | mrob wrote:
         | I'm reminded of what happened to Instant Brands. They made a
         | series of popular electric pressure cookers, but instead of
         | remaining a successful medium-sized business, they took on a
         | lot of debt in an attempt to expand, then went bankrupt when
         | interest rates increased. Previous HN discussion:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36310733
         | 
         | It's disappointing to see, because the products were genuinely
         | good.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | I think some of it is that it can be a lifestyle business from
         | the perspective of the owners. For employees it _can_ mean they
         | 're getting paid below the market rates at a large company and
         | working at least as hard. That may be a reasonable tradeoff to
         | avoid dealing with big company BS--though possibly dealing with
         | small company BS instead.
         | 
         | That may all be a reasonable tradeoff but lifestyle business
         | does get used as a rationale for a lot of things not all of
         | which necessarily benefit employees. (Or maybe lifestyle
         | business just gets used for a lot of things that are only
         | somewhat related.)
        
         | geokon wrote:
         | Damn. I wouldn't expect that pressure give your rep. Is this
         | from people in the industry, or people outside that don't get
         | it?
         | 
         | In all honestly, to me you are one of the few people that come
         | to my mind when I think of someone working on a project that's
         | tangible and with "real impact". Precursor is so out of the box
         | and cyberpunk and outside the confines of what institutions are
         | working on
         | 
         | Hope in the future you get the support and validation that you
         | should be getting
        
           | etrautmann wrote:
           | I wasn't familiar but I assume this is what you're referring
           | to?
           | 
           | https://www.crowdsupply.com/sutajio-kosagi/precursor
        
             | bunnie wrote:
             | Yah, that's it.
        
           | bunnie wrote:
           | I get it from all walks of life -- industry peeps,
           | colleagues, academics, concerned friends and family.
           | 
           | I didn't always have a rep -- the first step is the hardest
           | in any journey, and the criticism was just as strong (if not
           | stronger) back then. But, I was also a hardware guy in a
           | software world. I'm stubborn, idealistic, and a rule-breaker,
           | so I didn't fit in to any traditional corporate roles; no
           | boss could manage me. That made it easier to walk out the
           | door.
           | 
           | The most bold critics were always VCs -- not ones that I met
           | with because I needed investment or anything, just folks I
           | would run into at conferences or do an odd job for as a
           | mercenary. You'd wrap up the job, and they'd make some quip
           | about how it's a shame I'm wasting my talent in a "lifestyle
           | business" and how I should consider finding some honest work
           | at one of their companies. It was like some sort of weird
           | negging tactic. I eventually learned to shrug it off but
           | really, thought I was the only one who heard that term
           | applied so pejoratively.
           | 
           | Thankfully, I had a few lucky breaks, and I'm very happy
           | about where I'm at. However, it helps that I found residence
           | in a place with affordable public health care, a functional
           | pension system, oodles of public housing, and low taxes. No
           | way could I do what I'm doing and also be so chill about my
           | future without a functioning social safety net.
           | Unfortunately, "just move somewhere that suits your needs" is
           | not scalable advice; I wish I had a more practical blueprint
           | for others who want to do a lifestyle business, but I don't.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | I don't understand why people constantly find contempt and
         | condescension in things that are not good fits.
         | 
         | I think emotionally non loaded interactions are possible here.
         | 
         | VCs are in the business of risky business. Their objective is
         | to fund businesses that will grow very large or collapse very
         | fast and where there is lots of uncertainty as to which and
         | where money increases the likelihood of the former outcome.
         | That's the thing they do. The mechanism that they typically use
         | is a note that converts to equity when a certain raise
         | condition is met either by the private or public market.
         | 
         | Someone who goes to them and offers equity in a profitable
         | business that has no intention to attempt to rocketship or IPO
         | is making a mistake. What exactly do you expect them to do
         | here? Give you money in exchange for incredibly illiquid
         | private stock that doesn't pay out? That sounds like a dumb
         | deal. Only a moron would give you money on terms like that.
         | 
         | But that doesn't mean you can't get money. Small business
         | financing is available from banks and the government. And you
         | can do the typical thing of starting successful businesses and
         | selling them off and climbing the ladder. Every day small
         | businesses are sold for values from $1k to tens of millions.
         | They're not valued the same as venture-backed startups because
         | they don't have the same cone of possibility as them.
         | 
         | If you're going to a VC to fund a Ford dealership in Golden, CO
         | you have to be an imbecile. Not because starting Ford
         | dealerships is dumb, but because you're going to a basketball
         | coach and asking him to teach you tennis.
         | 
         | Entrepreneurial people are rare. So when you go to this coach,
         | and he sees you're athletic, he's more likely to say "Why not
         | basketball?" and give you a hundred reasons you should play
         | basketball. That doesn't mean tennis is a dumb sport. Or even
         | that you wouldn't have a better chance with tennis. It means
         | you went to a basketball coach and he wants you to play
         | basketball because your success is also his.
         | 
         | For someone with this guy's reputation, he could easily run the
         | business himself. And it's the same for geohot. He doesn't need
         | venture funding to sell $1 million worth of AI at home devices.
         | It's not contempt from the VC. He's found an athlete, and he
         | knows how to coach basketball. So he wants the athlete to play
         | basketball.
        
           | vinnyvichy wrote:
           | >I think emotionally non loaded interactions are possible
           | here.
           | 
           | And proceeds to use emotionally loaded words like "moron" and
           | "imbecile". No, the contempt comes from thinking that their
           | way of living is intellectually(/morally) superior, hence,
           | not a lifestyle. For perception of contempt, that's from not
           | wanting their way of living to be seen as
           | intellectually(/morally) deficient.
           | 
           | The very best VCs should be able to keep the contempt hidden,
           | perhaps with profit rationalizations, like you, or moral
           | rationalizations, like a dang, but I understand the curiosity
           | to see if, when we put geohot+bunnie against 2 very
           | equanimous VCs, which team will win the social media battle
           | ;). Especially if we give your fave team a 1-dang handicap
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Okay, well I think there's a difference between "They think
             | I'm an idiot because I do this" and "I'd have to be an
             | idiot to do this". And maybe you disagree. But it seems
             | like it resonates with some audience at least. Which
             | suffices for me.
        
         | grantc wrote:
         | Calling this a lifestyle business seems off. I'd wager for
         | most, these are livelihood businesses; lifestyle sounds more of
         | an affectation. Or, more simply, these are small businesses,
         | full stop. We have a working term for these and many political
         | forces claim to be about the. Then again, many or most
         | political forces accomplish much less than they propose.
        
         | anthomtb wrote:
         | > "lifestyle business" always being uttered in contempt.
         | 
         | This must be correlated with peer group and/or geography. I am
         | in a mountain west city surrounded by skiers, cyclists and
         | climbers. Lifestyle business is never mentioned in contempt,
         | rather as a logical choice to support ones hobbies and outside
         | interests.
        
       | rPlayer6554 wrote:
       | How is "modern capitalism" to blame? Modern capitalism allowed a
       | small business to sell you the higher quality option, and you
       | were able to direct your purchasing power to the product you
       | wanted. If you convince more consumers to do the same (like you
       | are) big brands will loose money and change. That's capitalism.
       | 
       | The best term I can come up with to describe the phenomenon you
       | dislike is _modern consumerism_ (although not perfectly
       | accurate). Many people now want more new stuff cheaper. That's
       | what drives companies to produce things more cheaply.
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | The capitalist part is that the new options aren't even cheaper
         | anymore, but the manufacturer has cheapened out on material
         | quality "because it earns more money".
         | 
         | However, one can blame capitalism, but the soviets also used to
         | cheap out on material quality, shops, distribution, wages and
         | maximize bribery.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | The Soviets were pretty capitalist. They just had an extra
           | rule, that said only Dear Leader was allowed to have all the
           | capital. Apart from that they worked the same way as any
           | corporation while trying to pretend they were not exactly
           | like a corporation (which is also something corporations do).
        
         | hamandcheese wrote:
         | > Many people now want more new stuff cheaper.
         | 
         | Yes of course, and that's why our grandparents got fewer things
         | that cost more, because that's what they wanted.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | I think there's a mistake in your assumptions, in that the
         | system delivers what people want. The feedback loop is broken;
         | most sectors seem to be supplier-driven, which means people
         | choose fuck all. Customers don't choose from space of possible
         | goods of a given type - they choose out of _what 's currently
         | available_. It's increasingly hard for a quality good to
         | compete now, when the competition can make shit stuff for much
         | cheaper _and_ lie to the customers about it being quality.
        
       | satisfice wrote:
       | Hooray for lifestyle businesses!
       | 
       | I started my company in 1999 with my wife and I around the
       | kitchen table. My vision: a consulting company that never told a
       | lie to a client. With that philosophy and 25 years of work we
       | have built the company into two people around the same kitchen
       | table.
        
         | nakedneuron wrote:
         | Hooray to sound joins, I guess.
        
         | piloto_ciego wrote:
         | That is admirable though. I ran a little consultancy for a few
         | years - it never exploded in size or grew beyond me, but I
         | could always look myself in the mirror.
        
       | contrarian1234 wrote:
       | If you get out of the US bubble, the prices are simply insane
       | 
       | fix a sofa: it's equivalent to a month's salary/stipend here in
       | Asia. 200 bowls of noodle (if it's a cheap noodle then it's more
       | like 500)
       | 
       | new sofa: "new leather sofas of the "not flat-packed sawdust and
       | glue" variety quickly get into five figures" So like a year's
       | worth of stipend/expenses
       | 
       | Could be that just the US dollar is crazy - but until the
       | economic disbalances of the world doesn't equilibrate (that's on
       | a centenial scale), it's never going to make sense to fix a sofa
       | 
       | "But I'd sure vote for a political party that convinced me it was
       | trying to achieve that"
       | 
       | The only way you can achieve this is by going full North Korea
       | and self sufficient. There is no real upside to this fantasy
        
         | tmnvix wrote:
         | A significant portion of the cost is labour, so if you
         | translate that into a local non-US cost does it still seem
         | absurd? I may have misunderstood your point, but I don't think
         | it is a good argument for why running a business fixing things
         | using local labour should be a fantasy.
         | 
         | Aside from that, in my view a world where a sofa costs less
         | than one weeks wages is the absurd and unsustainable one. We've
         | adopted an attitude of being incredibly entitled to cheap tat
         | and that needs to stop.
        
           | contrarian1234 wrote:
           | I think there are two issues that are going in parallel
           | 
           | 1. fixing stuff
           | 
           | As long as some dude on the other side of the world is
           | willing to make a new sofa and send it to you for cheaper
           | than it is to fix it locally, the idea of fixing it locally
           | will just never take off. You can ban/limit international
           | trade, but then you're just screwing over poor people on the
           | other end of the world for a "feel good" kind of thing
           | 
           | 2. not making cheap crap
           | 
           | You can find some way to disincentivize making cheap stuff.
           | Ban IKEA.. etc. But then you are just making life harder for
           | the poor in your own country. That's cool you can afford a 5
           | figure quality sofa.. many people in the US won't be able to
           | afford that. It just comes off as a bit heartless as well
           | when rich programmer types deplore the quality of cheap
           | things. There are the five figure sofas if you want. Go buy
           | them - nobody is stopping you. You don't have to force
           | everyone else into that price bracket though
           | 
           | The two things aren't disconnected. But in the end it seems
           | like rich people want to ban cheap things, so that they can
           | have more local repair services for their expensive stuff
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | The goal isn't necessarily to eliminate the bottom tier
             | from the market. The issue isn't with that, but with the
             | tendency for the market to hollow out, which results in
             | there being no middle-tier products available _at all_. You
             | have a variety of products ranging from literally shit to
             | figuratively shit, then nothing, then high-end custom-made
             | professional grade stuff you can 't afford, and probably
             | can't source unless you know someone who knows someone. Any
             | business trying to do OK stuff for OK price is forced to
             | either sink to the bottom-tier, or become a niche high-end
             | brand.
             | 
             | Or, in short: the problem isn't that I can buy cheap crap.
             | The problem is that I cannot buy moderately expensive good
             | stuff - there's only cheap shit, and moderately expensive
             | shit pretending to be good (and then the good stuff I can't
             | possibly afford).
        
             | rocqua wrote:
             | This is indeed hard to solve. But there is need for a
             | solution. Not because I want a good couch for 4 figures,
             | but because we should have more sustainable and goomd
             | couches. Not just for reducing environmental impact, but
             | also for improving quality of life and financials for all
             | but the poorest, by letting them actually get long lasting
             | furniture.
             | 
             | Currently anyone who would produce that needs to compete
             | with IKEA, and somehow needs to convince customers that
             | their furniture will last longer. Currently the best way to
             | do that is hand-cut dovetails and only hardwoods. But
             | there's quality to be had with modern solutions that are
             | muuuch cheaper than the old methods.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | > Currently anyone who would produce that needs to
               | compete with IKEA, and somehow needs to convince
               | customers that their furniture will last longer.
               | 
               | To be honest, IKEA isn't the problem here. Their stuff is
               | above average quality / longevity until you're at least a
               | couple levels up in the market. The last time we were
               | looking for furniture, it was eye-opening to see how many
               | companies are trying to charge 2-4 times more for IKEA or
               | lower quality furniture, where something looked nice from
               | across the showroom but if you looked closer it was all
               | sawdust and cheap plastic components.
        
               | HenriTEL wrote:
               | Ikea already understood that there is a market for this
               | kind of goods. They sell a few hardwood furnitures which
               | are not crazy expensive.
        
             | jll29 wrote:
             | (and there is another point that belongs to this
             | conversation, even if not addressed in the OP.)
             | 
             | 3. Sustainability: Everything will have to be replaced
             | _eventually_ , even repairable sofas. It is important when
             | constructing a piece of furniture (or anything else) how
             | will the parts be recycled? We should aspire an ecosystem
             | that goes: buy -> repair -> repair -> recycle.
        
             | jogjayr wrote:
             | Ikea sofas can be underrated. My wife bought a Gronlid
             | loveseat at a consignment store (read: it wasn't even new)
             | for $100 and we enjoyed it for almost 9 years. No sagging
             | or falling apart, it remained comfortable until the day we
             | sold it or gave it away - I don't recall now.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Hmm, gron lid is Swedish for "green suffer!", message
               | unclear.
        
               | amarant wrote:
               | Lid has more meanings though. It can also mean
               | "inclination" or "hillside" (roughly) which makes more
               | sense in the context. Gronlid would then be a green
               | hillside or green slope or similar. Which sounds like a
               | nice place to lay down and relax for a bit.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Yes, I may possibly have noticed that before commenting,
               | cannot confirm or deny.
        
               | dudeinjapan wrote:
               | I have an Ikea leather sofa which is still going strong
               | after 10+ years.
        
               | krab wrote:
               | That's a part of IKEA's appeal. Because of the consistent
               | quality and the extensive market share, there's a lively
               | secondary market for the furniture. At least in Europe.
               | You simply cannot sell (or even give away) similarly
               | priced furniture of other brands but there's demand for
               | second hand IKEA.
        
             | PontifexMinimus wrote:
             | > not making cheap crap. You can find some way to
             | disincentivize making cheap stuff. Ban IKEA.. etc.
             | 
             | As I type my keyboard is sitting on an Ikea desk. It's
             | cheap, it's simple, it does the job and I'm happy with it.
             | 
             | Cheap stuff is not the problem. Crappy cheap stuff (and
             | crappy expensive stuff!!!) is.
             | 
             | For example, I have two radios in my house that I don't
             | use? Why because the crappy power leads have frayed and I
             | can only use them with batteries.
             | 
             | Or again, I bought a kettle 2 years ago that stopped
             | working after 6 months.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I've got plenty of relatively cheap things in my house,
               | including a few from Ikea, that are perfectly good for
               | what I use them for. And I've also bought things like
               | relatively high-end small appliances that crapped out in
               | short order.
               | 
               | And it's often very hard to tell which is which in
               | advance--and it may very well be the luck of the draw in
               | any case.
               | 
               | Even an obviously cheaper Ikea dresser I have in my
               | bedroom. Yeah, it's cheaply made and was sort of a pain
               | to assemble. But it looks and works fine and I'm not sure
               | I could have even gotten a hardwood dresser that cost 5x
               | as much into the space.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | Labor costs don't rise tenfold with proper wood though. It's
           | the same wooden board they have to cut and mount. US wood-
           | based markets are notoriously ridiculous.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | No, but perhaps labor drops tenfold with switching from
             | proper wood to glue mixed with toilet paper. You throw
             | sheets of that pulp on a machine that laminates them, then
             | throw that on a CNC cutter, add a bag with some screws and
             | glue, a sheet with instructions, and ship the complete
             | flat-pack piece of furniture to customer. Not much human
             | labor involved, and it scales well.
        
               | wruza wrote:
               | Yeah, but you can do exactly that with proper wood too.
               | As far as I understand, there's no reasonably priced
               | option like this in US. Feels like this either-or
               | extremity is a learned coping strategy for something
               | going wrong with wood at US end. And with matresses, and
               | table tops. That something's going wrong at the other
               | ends is well-known, but it doesn't have to correlate 100%
               | with the problem.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Along the same line it's always interesting to see Americans
         | discuss mattress prices, it's always like "yeah best pay 4-6k
         | at least and they're swapping the names and reviews so there's
         | no way to tell if you're getting a quality product regardless"
         | meanwhile I paid like 250 euros for a locally made memory foam
         | mattress that's a dream (ha) to sleep on.
         | 
         | Post-socialist countries still have an absolute shit ton of
         | these lifestyle businesses or even medium sized firms instead
         | of monopolist megacorps which results in a very competitive
         | market and has turned out to be quite an upside for the end
         | consumer.
        
           | switch007 wrote:
           | I feel the same when they talk about renovations. "thank god
           | the kitchen only came to $45k", "the bathroom remodel was
           | only $30k", "the new fence was $20k, not too bad". I know the
           | have bigger spaces but... damn.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Though home renovation costs are mostly about local labor
             | costs for tradesmen. I suppose I could spend an ungodly
             | amount in a kitchen on super-premium appliances but more
             | likely the bulk of the cost is masons, electricians,
             | plumbers, carpenters, the local shop putting together the
             | cabinets/counters/etc. You can also save a lot of money by
             | being selective as opposed to hiring someone to do a
             | complete makeover.
        
         | wazoox wrote:
         | The problem is that you're talking of massively freeloading
         | social an environmental costs of humongous size onto other
         | people and places. Sure, "flatpack sawdust and glue" furniture
         | made by slave labour while destroying rainforests and dumping
         | toxic waste is cheap for _you_ and _right now_... But that can
         | 't last and won't last.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Sofa manufacture is not what's destroying rainforests or
           | dumping toxic waste.
           | 
           | And "flatpack sawdust" is _better_ for the environment,
           | actually -- where do you think all those leftover wood scraps
           | would be going if they weren 't mixed with glue and used
           | productively?
           | 
           | If you want to be using solid pieces of wood in everything,
           | that's a lot more trees you're going to have to cut down.
        
             | wazoox wrote:
             | My late grandmother had some pieces of furniture that were
             | between 300 and 400 year old. We need _less stuff_ and
             | particularly _less new stuff_. A 400 year-old wardrobe (
             | "armoire normande") is exactly as good as any new one to
             | store your clothes, has much more character, and may still
             | be just as good in the centuries to come.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | That's wonderful if you only move a few times in your
               | whole life, and always have space in your bedroom for a
               | wardrobe, and like the style.
               | 
               | It's impossible if you move apartments every couple/few
               | years, the bedrooms come with closets and there's no good
               | place to put the wardrobe and you don't need it anyways
               | because you have closets, and sure it has "character" but
               | it looks completely out of place because it's the wrong
               | character.
               | 
               | If you want to preserve antique furniture and are able
               | to, then more power to you. There are lots of antique
               | furniture enthusiasts.
               | 
               | But I don't want an antique wardrobe any more than I want
               | to wear a high-collared four-button men's sack suit from
               | 1885.
        
         | xwowsersx wrote:
         | > but until the economic disbalances of the world doesn't
         | equilibrate (that's on a centenial scale), it's never going to
         | make sense to fix a sofa
         | 
         | Could you elaborate? I'm not quite understanding your point,
         | and I may be misinterpreting the sentence.
        
         | marcinzm wrote:
         | The median household income in the US is $76k ($57k post
         | taxes). Germany is $54k ($34k post taxes). China is $13k.
         | 
         | Even compared to Europe the amount of money for spending a US
         | household gets is almost twice as much. There's more expenses
         | due to a lack of a social net however those aren't constant
         | over time unlike taxes. One year you spend $5k for medical
         | bills and the next you spend $5k on a new Sofa.
        
         | rcpt wrote:
         | Yeah but sounds like this guy has owned a house in Canada for
         | the past 25 years
        
       | xorax wrote:
       | IKEA warranty most of its sofa 10 years now. But I doubt any
       | other large furniture store will do the same.
        
         | eloisant wrote:
         | That's the thing, if it's good quality a sofa should last a
         | lifetime and still be usable. Not just 10 years. Of course
         | you'll need to change the leather or do other repairs at times
         | like Tim did, but we have to get out of this mentality of
         | "things have a lifetime of x years then you need to throw them
         | away".
        
       | crawfishphase wrote:
       | you can also have the leather refinished instead of replacing it.
       | they fill the cracks etc and touch up the "paint". I like this
       | look more but ymmv depending what is available near you
        
         | philjohn wrote:
         | Also depends on the leather.
         | 
         | If it's aniline, there's little they can do. That's also the
         | nicest leather for a sofa (IMHO) as it breathes and so doesn't
         | get uncomfortable to sit in when the weather is warm.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Or use fabric instead of leather, which is both cheaper and
         | doesn't feel like you're sitting on rubbery plastic. I honestly
         | don't get the appeal. Actual plastic (i.e. synthetic fibers)
         | ironically feels so much nicer.
        
       | baggy_trough wrote:
       | This is like people complaining about how air travel sucks
       | compared to the time you could get a rib roast carved in the
       | aisle in the 1960s.
       | 
       | Markets have determined that people prefer cheaper, shoddier
       | sofas compared to expensive high quality sofas.
       | 
       | If you don't believe that, then go into business as a high
       | quality sofa factory.
        
         | jodrellblank wrote:
         | In the same way that markets have determined that people
         | 'prefer' renting small mouldy damp apartments and eating
         | noodles than buying penthouse apartments and eating at five
         | star restaurants?
        
           | baggy_trough wrote:
           | No, not like that.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | > _If you don 't believe that, then go into business as a high
         | quality sofa factory._
         | 
         | You can't, because your competitors have well-staffed marketing
         | departments that can convince people their shit sofas are
         | actually quality, sell them significantly cheaper than you
         | could sell yours. They have more experience at this, much wider
         | reach than you or any other upstart. It's hard to compete on
         | quality when dishonesty is legal.
        
         | mokanfar wrote:
         | Most of today's world furniture comes from -----. Most of the
         | problems in the furniture market today deal with a trend that
         | middle class try to imitate the rich interior design look and
         | feel. The uneducated consumer is surrounded by a market -----
         | created demand for which is furniture knockoffs of fashion
         | furniture brands that you see in Interior Design Magazines.
         | 
         | The furniture is built with poor materials, and dangerous
         | chemicals treating finishes and frame construction. Almost all
         | faux finishes (veneer, marble, concrete, leather, stone etc...)
         | is made with really bad ingredients to give it the overall look
         | and feel to the real texture they are trying to imitate.
         | 
         | The fashion brand furniture keeps evolving as a fashion brand
         | should even when it comes to furniture. Therefore, furniture is
         | a trend market, where people can afford it. Where people can
         | not afford it, they fill their space with the knockoff
         | furniture, realize it is not good quality, accumulate enough
         | money to repeat the cycle with another poorly manufactured
         | replacement. This is what is driving most of the demand today
         | to keep churning out low price-point furniture for the newly
         | emerging middle working class of today's world that do not
         | understand what really goes on behind the scenes of how their
         | furniture gets made, or maybe they don't care.
         | 
         | The other furniture market is for people who, as others
         | commented, leave furniture pieces to their children. Those
         | groups do not care about fashion, as with people that just need
         | clothes to walk around not caring about the brand that they are
         | advertising.
         | 
         | There is still good affordable furniture out there. Hand-built
         | with care and precision as a Rolls-Royce car would be in the
         | factory, mostly small companies in Italy and other parts of the
         | world still to this day make great long-lasting pieces. The
         | locality of the furniture manufacturer matters on the price
         | significantly. Shipping logistics for furniture is a nightmare.
        
       | nakedneuron wrote:
       | Quality (or the lack thereof) as a hidden property seems to be a
       | man-made artifact. Are there any examples in nature (excluding
       | mankind) coming up with this? Evolution doesn't seem to choose
       | this path. Why do we?
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | Plummage and other external indicators of fitness, which
         | animals use to game the mating game?
         | 
         | Still, nature is first and foremost red in tooth and claw.
         | Fighting for survival has a magical ability to cut through all
         | the bullshit and reveal things for what they are. Quality won't
         | stay hidden for long if it's directly relevant to you eating
         | your next meal, instead of becoming one.
         | 
         | Related, I believe this is why humanity seems to have made
         | major leaps in science and technology during and after military
         | conflicts. But the stakes matter. When people ordering and
         | funding the research are really worried about losing, you get
         | amazing pace of innovation. When they're not, you get amazing
         | pace of fraud.
        
           | waciki wrote:
           | > this is why humanity seems to have made major leaps in
           | science and technology during and after military conflicts
           | 
           | Did it? I can't really find numbers on that.
        
             | throwawayFinX wrote:
             | I think it's broadly accepted that WW2 forced or
             | accelerated inventions such as: jet planes, radios,
             | synthetic rubber, radar, the Jeep, duct tape, nukes.
             | 
             | The cold war -> the space race.
             | 
             | Drone tech/military AI in Ukraine is perhaps a more recent
             | example.
        
           | nakedneuron wrote:
           | I think immediacy is key here. A bad sofa that falls apart
           | after five years of use is a delayed loss (that fallacy has
           | to have be discovered already). A small investment, prospects
           | of gambling it and the inability to see through seem to play
           | a role so lottery (poor people's tax) comes to mind.
           | 
           | > pace of fraud
           | 
           | Isn't it if the stakes are high more eyes are watching and
           | thus quality control works (better)? I'm at a loss for
           | scenarios that would raise the bar for the sofa game. A
           | shabby sofa could signal something about the owner that might
           | be indirectly relevant to the mating success. But on the
           | other hand there seems to be a niche for that market where
           | low quality fits quite well.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | What I meant by pace of fraud: think of US military R&D
             | around World War II and the Cold War, vs. now., and whether
             | they translate into anything actually useful for the
             | soldiers in the field. What I think is a big part of the
             | difference is that back then, US was fighting with peer
             | powers and it was possible for it to _lose_. Over time, it
             | transitioned to only fighting wars with much weaker
             | opponents - wars with no  "lose" condition, where the only
             | variable is how much money the US is going to spend on any
             | particular conflict before getting bored and recalling
             | soldiers home. The latter kind of conflict doesn't create
             | much of pressure to deliver working solutions, or even test
             | bed to verify them.
        
         | fire_lake wrote:
         | Some animals pretend to be more dangerous than they are by
         | mimicking colors etc.
        
           | nakedneuron wrote:
           | I asked ChatGPT and it came up with these cases of deception
           | strategies in nature (I wasn't excluding mankind, it thinks
           | man, and probably itself doesn't belong there):
           | 
           | Mimicry/false signaling/bluffing (look more dangerous, look
           | inpalatable, distract attention, attract prey), camouflage
           | (avoid being preyed), brood paratism (cokoos get parenting
           | for free).
           | 
           | None of them involve deceiving partners into pretending
           | higher level of fitness.
           | 
           | Thinking about this it becomes a little clearer why this is.
           | 
           | When you're buying a sofa the seller usually doesn't buy a
           | sofa made by you. So there is an assymmetry. The sofa dealer
           | not only monopolizes most information about the deal (factual
           | quality, costs; competitors are shared information). Also,
           | the dealer can influence what you think. Economies of scale
           | at play both in advertising and production.
           | 
           | Secondly, only if those two sofas you exchanged were to be
           | used to produce the next generation of sofas and only if
           | those newly merged sofa designs would be the sole base of
           | contemporary sofa design would this comparison hold.
           | 
           | Then it becomes clear that if both parties engage in
           | deceiving each other the species as the hypthetical owner of
           | all evolving sofa designs must lose.
        
             | card_zero wrote:
             | If you don't mind another Wikipedia page, there's the
             | (biology) theory of honest and dishonest signals in
             | general:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_theory
        
               | nakedneuron wrote:
               | I don't mind at all. Thanks for sharing, it looks like a
               | very interesting read!
        
         | card_zero wrote:
         | r/K selection is about the tradeoff between quantity and
         | quality.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R/K_selection_theory
        
           | nakedneuron wrote:
           | Quality of care is distinct from fitness (gene quality if you
           | will). It seems like offspring without much care is more
           | needy of fitness than K-strategists.
        
             | card_zero wrote:
             | Uh, sort of? Genetic variants are like gambles or
             | conjectures. You can spew a lot of them out, let most of
             | them die, and adapt quickly - that's the low-quality (and
             | modern-sounding) r-strategy. It's not that the variants
             | _necessarily_ lack quality (here meaning fitness), it 's
             | just that you aren't banking on it, you aren't investing in
             | them individually.
        
               | nakedneuron wrote:
               | I don't see the connection to intentionally banking on
               | lower quality across the board here.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Well yeah, there's no potential to _cheat_ the
               | environment by pretending to be fit (as somebody already
               | commented), except mimicry is a way to do that (as also
               | already mentioned). But you can be successfully
               | unconcerned about quality, hoping for returns on rare
               | successes, like with the Chinese Santa snowglobes
               | mentioned elsewhere in the comments.
        
               | nakedneuron wrote:
               | Could you point to the example you mentioned, I couldn't
               | find it.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Seems to have vanished somehow. In short: person visits
               | Greece, finds nasty Xmas baubles on sale among tourist
               | items, mind boggles that people buy these and furthermore
               | that there are enough sales to justify bringing them to
               | Greece from China, postulates some logic like a 1000%
               | profit per sale making it worthwhile even if only 20%
               | ever sell.
        
               | nakedneuron wrote:
               | Thanks for pointing out, I see now what you meant. Also
               | thanks for sharing the Wiki article.. it was a difficult
               | read with, I think, sometimes overly simplified examples
               | that to this day seem to be mere hypotheses. But it also
               | provided some valuable insights.. It's one of those rare
               | reads where afterwards you see it everywhere.
        
       | thrance wrote:
       | It's weird how many people here will shout against any (assumed)
       | critic of capitalism.
       | 
       | "So you want to live in North Korea???". No, I don't. What I want
       | is a system where we can get quality products that are not
       | manufactured by slaves on the other side of the world, and that
       | didn't require burning 3 bathtubs of gasoline. And our system
       | definitely ain't it.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | There are two types of countries observable in the world today:
         | ones that are shit like capitalism, and ones that are shit like
         | North Korea.
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | Good luck convincing the chinese worker that made your phone
           | of the merits of capitalism.
        
             | tristor wrote:
             | It's funny you say that, because the primary beneficiaries
             | of capitalism have been exactly those workers over the past
             | four decades. While not good for American workers, off-
             | shoring and outsourcing have lifted over a billion people
             | out of poverty since the 1980s.
             | 
             | China had the fastest growing middle class in the world, so
             | much so, that as a buying market they're absorbing the
             | entire stock of many categories of high quality or luxury
             | goods that are preferred by the middle class.
             | 
             | The Chinese worker making my phone may hate their job for
             | similar or different reasons than the investment banker,
             | both who famously have jumped from buildings due to work
             | stress, both famously faces of capitalism. But, that
             | Chinese worker is now able to provide for their family
             | including their education and onward advancement in a way
             | that wasn't possible before.
             | 
             | Since the 1980s China has been speed running the Industrial
             | Revolution, with massive cities forming of people who were
             | almost entirely in rural areas previously in abject poverty
             | and doing subsistence agriculture, all of whom now work
             | jobs that have elevated them out of that poverty.
             | 
             | You can say a lot of truthful negative things about
             | capitalism but pointing to manufacturing jobs in China is
             | completely missing the thread.
        
               | thrance wrote:
               | Economic growth by itself means nothing for the working
               | class. Without redistribution it amounts to exactly zero
               | improvement of their living conditions.
               | 
               | Below is a link to a news coverage of a study that claims
               | to have shown that while poverty (as defined by the world
               | bank) dropped spectacularly in 1980s China, the inability
               | to afford essential commodities skyrocketed in the early
               | 1990s, and didn't recover fully since.
               | 
               | https://theconversation.com/chinas-capitalist-reforms-
               | are-sa...
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | Thanks for the link. I don't buy it. It does not match
               | what I have directly observed, and seems to be mostly
               | moving the goal posts. In purchasing power parity, the
               | average Chinese person is massively better off today than
               | in 1980, there's simply no way around that.
        
               | thrance wrote:
               | Ok. What I meant to convey, is that I (personally) don't
               | believe the exploitation part was necessary in the
               | (undeniable) uplifting of the average Chinese. And that a
               | lot of Chinese workers are still alienated, putting
               | upwards of 12 hours a day on soul-crushing jobs.
               | 
               | I believe there are more effective ways of lifting
               | populations out of poverty.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | > I believe there are more effective ways of lifting
               | populations out of poverty.
               | 
               | I think you may be right. Unfortunately, what I have
               | observed is that every attempt otherwise so far has
               | failed. I think any approach which requires strong social
               | and philosophical alignment will fail within a few
               | generations, because the intrinsic motivation of humans
               | includes an element of greed that seems impossible to
               | stamp out. Systems that acknowledges and harnesses this
               | fact of humanity show significantly more progress, even
               | as they too have downsides.
        
               | thrance wrote:
               | I refuse to believe humans are fundamentally greedy.
               | Primitive societies where built on favors and sharing,
               | after all. We just live in an economic system that
               | rewards greed and (some) anti-social behaviors.
               | 
               | As for other ways to get out of poverty, we could compare
               | China with South Korea, for example. The latter
               | implemented rather protectionist standards on exports,
               | and as a result was able to focus its economy on
               | improving the country. As it stands now, a lot of Chinese
               | citizens are still dirt poor while South Koreans can
               | almost (economically) rival with citizens of the global
               | North.
        
         | animaomnium wrote:
         | 3tubs x 40gal/tub x $3.50/gal = $420.
         | 
         | Wow, you're spending $420 on shipping? How far away are they
         | keeping those slaves?
        
           | aboodman wrote:
           | Shipping doesn't use gasoline, it uses bunker fuel, which is
           | currently about $700/ton. There are 4k gallons in a ton of
           | such fuel, so approximately 18c/gallon. So the shipping cost
           | in fuel should be about $20, which amusingly checks out.
           | 
           | Of course the cost in greenhouse gasses is astronomical,
           | which is a big part of the problem.
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | Might I introduce you to a concept called "hyperbole"?
        
           | eloisant wrote:
           | Shipping doesn't come by car, with gasoline bought at a US
           | gas station.
        
         | buffalobuffalo wrote:
         | I agree that such mockery isn't very charitable, but there is
         | an underlying line logic to their thinking. We know that a
         | system like North Korea's is possible. We know a system like
         | ours is possible. We don't have any evidence that any other
         | system is actually possible.
         | 
         | Sure you could imagine something better. But such a system
         | could very easily have fatal flaws you didn't imagine. In fact,
         | North Korea started as just such a utopian ideal.
         | 
         | You could also argue that we used to have a system that was
         | better than this. But if that system ultimately became this
         | one, than reverting to the previous state would likely at some
         | point result in the current state occurring again.
         | 
         | So in a sense "Do you want to live in North Korea?" is the only
         | valid question.
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | I think North Korea was always an authoritarian state from
           | the get go, it was built by the soviets over the ruins of the
           | Korean war. It's just coated in a socialist paintjob just
           | like many other dictatorships.
           | 
           | You're right in that reverting to a previous system will
           | always be a temporary solution, but I don't believe there is
           | any perfect system able to endure until the end of times.
           | 
           | "Do you want to live in North Korea?" should never be used as
           | an argument against any kind of reforms deemed "socialist" by
           | the Right.
           | 
           | As a start, would it be so bad to implement a carbon tax?
           | Tighter control of human rights on foreign imports? Stronger
           | social nets? The list goes on...
        
             | buffalobuffalo wrote:
             | Sure. I agree Many of those things would be a net benefit.
             | So why don't we have them?
             | 
             | It seems to me, the main reason is that representatives
             | won't vote for them. Why not? Mainly because their
             | financial and political incentives are structured in such a
             | way that they can't. Why are these incentives like this?
             | You can keep peeling back layers of the onion like this
             | forever, but as some point you realize it's just due to
             | structures of the system that will recreate themselves in
             | any similar system. Like how wings evolved separately in
             | different evolutionary branches but all conform to a
             | similar structure. Any capitalist economic system will have
             | methods for vested interests to inhibit many types of
             | positive change.
        
               | thrance wrote:
               | Humm sure, I agree with most of what you said.
               | 
               | I want to believe we can have a better economic system,
               | not necessarily capitalistic, maybe one where resource
               | allocation is achieved more democratically.
               | 
               | Capitalism, with all its flaws, was still an improvement
               | over feudalism. I refuse to believe it can't get any
               | better.
        
         | frugalmail wrote:
         | What are you talking about. You can commission making the
         | furniture you want, heck you can even get an Amish craftsman to
         | use non mechanical tools to build it. The reality is the folks
         | in non capitalist countries often sit on the ground on pillows
         | and sometimes don't have couches because of the cost. Thanks to
         | capitalism people can decide whether they want to spend mid 5
         | figures for a high quality couch or go with an affordable
         | $1500-$800 couch. In raw time, the couch doesn't cost mid five
         | figures, if you want that, you need to know a family member
         | willing to sacrifice opportunity cost to make you that couch.
         | Otherwise you pay a luxury premium because they can make more,
         | making the cheap stuff.
        
       | jll29 wrote:
       | Of course from a venture capitalist's perspective, running a
       | lifestyle business is the ultimate failure: not only don't they
       | get their investment back with a nice 40x return, but also they
       | cannot write off the investment as a loss as long as the business
       | keeps going.
       | 
       | This is not a judgment about lifestlye businesses per se, it's
       | just not a match for risk capital regarding funding.
        
       | agomez314 wrote:
       | I liked the outcome of the article but disagree with the author's
       | misplaced anger.
       | 
       | "Capitalism" is not some entity that makes decisions, it's people
       | and groups who do. You want to blame someone? Blame the policies,
       | programs, and choices (some intentional, others unintentional) of
       | those who decided it was better to make things cheap than to make
       | things well.
       | 
       | This is not a capitalist idea, it is a human decision.
        
       | Micoloth wrote:
       | Every time I read takes like this I think people forget why big
       | brands exist?
       | 
       | Small business (or "lifestyle business") vs big brand is often
       | framed about being high quality vs cheap price, because in
       | practice it often is. But _in theory_ the two things are
       | completely unrelated.
       | 
       | Yes fixing stuff is good for the planet. But big brands could
       | offer customer service just fine if people wanted it.
       | 
       | Small business vs big brand is a problem of _predictability_. If
       | you have many independent small businesses, NOT all of them will
       | be good. It will be a mixed bag what you get in your area. OP has
       | felt so fortunate with his local highly-skilled asian-owned small
       | business that he felt compelled to write about it on the
       | internet. Not everyone will be this lucky.
       | 
       | And in a world where information travels very fast (this is
       | really the key point) this system is unsustainable, as there are
       | really only 2 options: either people accept the fact that some
       | neighbourhoods are served worse than others, or the take the car
       | and make the travel up to the nice asian shop they read about on
       | the internet, because that's apparently worth it.
       | 
       | But, surprise, this second option doesn't scale. Because as soon
       | as the nice asian shop goes viral, they realise they can't keep
       | up with the demand at all. And so they will probably refuse lots
       | of customers. (Note, I'm not even considering the option they
       | might increase prices)
       | 
       | In this sense, the derogatory "lifestyle business" comment makes
       | sense, since I think it's meant to highlight how elitist it is.
       | It doesn't scale in the sense that it creates a race for who is
       | able to cop the best option. When I need a sofa, I want to be
       | able to "just" get a sofa. Simple and predictable. If the sofa is
       | good quality, even better.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | > _When I need a sofa, I want to be able to "just" get a sofa.
         | Simple and predictable. If the sofa is good quality, even
         | better._
         | 
         | So, how often do you eat at McDo?
         | 
         | (whose entire value proposition is "just" get some calories,
         | simply and predictably)
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _So, how often do you eat at McDo?_
           | 
           | Just because you want to "'just' get a sofa" it does not
           | follow that you "'just' get some food" as well. Or at least
           | not always: sometimes you may 'just' want to, and sometimes
           | you'll want something more that 'just' calories.
           | 
           | And you may not care about sofas as compared to other things:
           | you may 'just' want a sofa, but if you're really into cooking
           | then you may want more than (say) 'just' some random knife,
           | perhaps going for hand-forge Japanese steel.
           | 
           | Further, the cost of making a mistake with food (a few
           | (dozen) dollars) versus a mistake with a sofa
           | (hundreds/thousands) are on two different levels.
        
             | bitnasty wrote:
             | I think the point is that McDonald's is literally all over
             | the world, but that doesn't mean the food is consistent.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | McDonalds may have the most consistent food product in
               | the world.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Eh. I have terrible taste, so I've eaten McDonalds around
               | the US as well as in Paris and Bangalore.
               | 
               | Within the US, yeah, it's very consistent. I've not seen
               | much variation, other than the one or two specially
               | decorated locations and the menu is very consistent.
               | 
               | Internationally, the branding is very consistent, but the
               | product isn't that consistent. The fries in Paris were
               | very different (and not very good; my feeling is they
               | probably used the same procedure but very different
               | potatoes), but the burgers were pretty similar. In India,
               | they don't serve burgers, but at least when I was there,
               | they did have the delicious old school chicken nuggets
               | that they replaced with 'all white-meat' bleh nuggets in
               | the US. I didn't try any of their chicken sandwiches,
               | because why when I could have the nuggets of my youth?
               | 
               | I understand there's significant regional differences in
               | all the territories they operate in.
        
               | ric2b wrote:
               | It is remarkably consistent, tourists go to McD's very
               | often when short on time because they know almost exactly
               | what they're getting, even though they might be a 10h
               | flight from their home.
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | I was thinking the same thing.
         | 
         | So, how is that story going to help me? Apparently, I can't buy
         | a sofa of this quality any more, and if I want it fixed, I
         | apparently have to go to Canada.
        
           | benrutter wrote:
           | I don't know, assuming you agree with the article's
           | conclusions couldn't you just buy second hand and refurbish
           | when possible?
           | 
           | The article mentions a canadian refurbisher, but I don't
           | think it implies they don't exist elsewhere.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | You can actually buy sofas of quality. The easiest way is to
           | go to the local design center (most cities have one and if
           | you're not in a city you can drive to the closest and visit)
           | and you'll often find many retailers selling high quality
           | furniture. It's the stuff that's kind of expensive but not so
           | heavily styled as to incur a crazy premium just for looking
           | expensive. You will be able to see it as it'll look like
           | Tim's sofa but costs 2x or more what said sofa would cost on
           | Wayfair. They're often but not always made in the North
           | Carolina region stateside, other locales seem to be Ohio and
           | Pennsylvania.
           | 
           | We bought such a sofa per advice from a friend that's an
           | interior designer, and it's amazing. At 10 years it looks
           | like it was brand new and has withstood the first 10 years of
           | baby life including playdates and kids drawing on it, etc (we
           | got it with a special treatment to make it not absorb such
           | things and it actually worked). Kids jumping off the back
           | frame, throwing all the cushions around, etc. Literally
           | unblemished and the internal frame is rock solid.
           | 
           | But also the single most expensive piece of furniture I'll
           | ever buy. I'll never need to buy a replacement for it though.
           | I expect to be using it for the rest of my life and passing
           | it onto my descendants.
        
             | wrs wrote:
             | Read the Dwell article referenced in the article to learn
             | that the whole ecosystem of the North Carolina furniture
             | industry is dying out rapidly due to the onslaught of
             | cheap, light, shippable, assemble-at-destination flatpack
             | furniture.
             | 
             | We have a 20-year-old quality sofa from a major NC company
             | that we got reupholstered by them last year, just before
             | they went out of business.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | Yeah. I expect only the best craftsman paired with the
               | best businessmen will survive. But there's a decent
               | market among the affluent for quality furniture and most
               | commercial furniture for high traffic environments demand
               | pretty high end and durable stuff.
        
         | beowulfey wrote:
         | The point of the article is that the big business model is
         | "continued growth", which depends on constantly increasing
         | sales, which means products necessarily get shittier so that
         | they must be replaced more frequently. Small "lifestyle"
         | businesses do not operate under this principle and encourage
         | reuse and renewal. They represent opposing philosophies.
         | 
         | Whether you can "just" get a sofa from big business or not,
         | that is precisely what they hope for, and ideally you should be
         | purchasing a sofa more frequently than you already do to
         | further support this notion.
        
           | photon_lines wrote:
           | 'The point of the article is that the big business model is
           | "continued growth", which depends on constantly increasing
           | sales, which means products necessarily get shittier so that
           | they must be replaced more frequently.' - Sorry to interject
           | here, but this is extremely wrong and nowhere did I find this
           | take-away from the posted article. There are massive
           | businesses that do sell extremely high-quality products - in
           | fact, Japan went through a transition where their businesses
           | went from producing absolute junk (i.e. just like the stuff
           | we import from China today) to producing extremely high
           | quality products (see Juran, Crosby, and cost of quality
           | measures etc...). The key point of the article is that
           | consumers today choose low-priced products since the market
           | gives it to them. If you allow a person to buy a $800 sofa
           | which looks great on the outside and is made in China albeit
           | with extremely low quality materials vs. a sofa which looks
           | almost exactly the same but is priced at $1500 but is of much
           | higher quality - most consumers will obviously choose the
           | $800 dollar sofa vs the $1500 since that's how the free-
           | market functions. Is this rational though?
           | 
           | Well - the consumer will need to buy 4 of the $800 dollar
           | sofas just from having to replace them throughout a 20 year
           | period vs. having the ability to buy one (the $1500) one but
           | that's not obvious to the consumer and it's not clear how to
           | even make this type of judgment. Which sofa really costs the
           | most to you given the information I just provided? The high-
           | quality $1500 one or the $800 dollar one? To a rational
           | person having all of the above information - the more costly
           | one is cheaper - but to an average consumer not having this
           | information the clearly cheaply made product is the better
           | choice. People also are prone to more short-term thinking in
           | many societies which also doesn't help things but the
           | takeaway in general which you posted there is very wrong:
           | mass production and scale usually result in higher-quality
           | products not lower quality ones.
        
             | borski wrote:
             | The problem is that sofas haven't come down significantly
             | in price. These shittier products aren't actually much
             | cheaper than, for example, a custom made sofa. I know this
             | because I just bought a custom made sofa.
             | 
             | But the quality is incomparable.
        
               | photon_lines wrote:
               | Yes but this is once again where the free-markets and
               | economics come in: if the mass-produced ones match the
               | custom-made ones in price, consumers will start switching
               | to custom-made sofas. The mass-production suppliers will
               | either have to 1) lower the price of their sofas or 2)
               | increase the quality of production to match the quality
               | of the custom-made ones. Both 1 and 2 are great for
               | consumers and this is why competition is so great :).
               | Notice that all of this is driven by the choices the
               | CONSUMER (me and you) make.
        
               | jprete wrote:
               | This is a very theoretical argument but I don't think it
               | happens that way in reality, because of all the ways that
               | real human beings are not economically perfect agents.
               | Particularly the information asymmetries - it's much
               | harder to gauge the reputation of a small business vs. a
               | big one.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | That's not quite true, because many people don't have
               | good custom sofa makers near them. Moreover, because they
               | are small businesses, they don't have the same capacity
               | for marketing as big brands; most of their business is
               | word of mouth.
               | 
               | Also, custom sofas take time to build - not much, but 2-4
               | weeks or so.
               | 
               | So there are a lot of reasons big brands are convenient.
               | But you pay for that convenience in quality.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Not sure about sofas but when I bought a bed and some
               | bookcases and nightstands last year all from national
               | retailers, the lead time was 4-12 weeks depending on the
               | product. Getting a custom sofa in 2-4 weeks would beat
               | the competition in many cases. Again, the market
               | constraint lies in knowing about the small vendor in the
               | first place and having a way to purchase it conveniently.
        
             | hansvm wrote:
             | The problem isn't just short-term thinking. You alluded to
             | another point yourself:
             | 
             | > Looks great on the outside
             | 
             | Consumers aren't often equipped to evaluate quality, partly
             | due to skill issues, partly because the corners are cut in
             | places which are hard to spot before purchase. Price
             | doesn't work as a discriminating factor (except to filter
             | out a portion of the worst inventory) because of the number
             | of brands explicitly trying to pass off junk as high-
             | quality luxuries.
             | 
             | If you really can't tell which one is better, and you're as
             | likely to get scammed buying something expensive, why not
             | put less money on the line for something that has a chance
             | of being good enough?
        
               | wanderingstan wrote:
               | This is a key factor: businesses have learned to
               | "optimize" by cutting corners wherever people can't
               | perceive the deficit. The product just has to last long
               | enough.
        
               | hansvm wrote:
               | In the off-chance this is a good place to ask, how does a
               | consumer (or, ideally, the existing governing body) fight
               | back? I'll briefly walk through a hypothetical scenario
               | to have something concrete to talk about, then ask about
               | the normal alternatives?
               | 
               | Say you have an IoT device. It's marketed as a device
               | capable of doing a task (e.g., scanning car OBD codes).
               | That task can be done offline. The device initially does
               | that task offline. The app had a backdoor, and the owning
               | company used that backdoor to force logins on previously
               | happy users. Later, they restrict functionality-which-
               | could-be-completely-offline-and-used-to-work to people
               | who pay for a monthly subscription, or maybe they go out
               | of business or otherwise just decide to shut down the
               | servers (see the recent Spotify debacle).
               | 
               | With that backdrop:
               | 
               | - The ToS usually ban class actions and require
               | arbitration.
               | 
               | - The fraud in question is on the order of $20-$200 --
               | not worth being pursued for most people.
               | 
               | - The ToS are somehow magically invoked when you buy the
               | product, regardless of whether you even saw a warning
               | message suggesting that there might exist a legal
               | agreement which you should read.
               | 
               | The usual outcomes are (1) you get a default judgement
               | and are unable to exercise it because the company goes
               | bankrupt or does some sort of shenanigan which requires a
               | lawyer costing more than the damage in question (a common
               | solution is spinning off a subsidiary owning all the bad
               | debt and responsibilities, keeping the assets elsewhere,
               | kind of like what Johnson and Johnson tried after the
               | talc/cancer debacle), (2) despite the company's best
               | efforts you get a class-action judgement, and the company
               | settles for much less harm than they inflicted, happily
               | pocketing the difference, (3) other more complicated
               | and/or less desirable situations.
               | 
               | What does an individual do to limit their liability in a
               | world where that sort of fraud seems to be condoned, and
               | what options do we have as a society to reduce the
               | overall problem?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Hero pill dispenser is currently pulling this play.
               | They're pairing a monthly service fee with a device that
               | doesn't need one.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > Consumers aren't often equipped to evaluate quality,
               | partly due to skill issues
               | 
               | Maybe, maybe not. But regardless, in parallel to this, we
               | have corporations whose modus operandi is at worst to lie
               | to consumers about quality, and at best to mislead. And
               | not just about specific products, but about quality as a
               | general concept.
        
               | hansvm wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure we're in total agreement.
               | 
               | E.g., with the right training you can tell the difference
               | between the sort of particle board flooring that will
               | balloon up and be destroyed when a drop of water lands on
               | it, the sort of particle board flooring that resists
               | minor water infiltration, and various grades of "real"
               | floors, but most people don't have that training.
               | 
               | Separately (and I _think_ my messaging was clear about
               | this -- talking about the corners being cut being ones
               | that are hard to discover and describing the companies
               | doing that shit as scammers), yes I totally agree;
               | corporations are absolutely not passive participants in
               | consumers being unable to make educated decisions. Even
               | major brands will actively defraud consumers (e.g.,
               | Garmin revoking a bunch of lifetime licenses on Navionics
               | software and trying to whitewash public opinion by
               | claiming it was for the customers' own good, or Atlassian
               | blatantly ignoring the CCPA because it's a fairly
               | toothless law), and there exists a plethora of maybe-
               | legal-but-obviously-wrong behavior from most successful
               | companies, including but not limited to "lies, or at best
               | misleadings."
        
             | drrotmos wrote:
             | > If you allow a person to buy a $800 sofa which looks
             | great on the outside and is made in China albeit with
             | extremely low quality materials vs. a sofa which looks
             | almost exactly the same but is priced at $1500 but is of
             | much higher quality - most consumers will obviously choose
             | the $800 dollar sofa vs the $1500 since that's how the
             | free-market functions. Is this rational though?
             | 
             | This is rarely the choice though. In my experience, the
             | choices tend to be the $800 low quality sofa, the $3000 low
             | quality but with a name brand sofa, and the $6000 low
             | quality but with an even fancier name brand sofa.
             | 
             | Presumably there are some manufacturers that still produce
             | furniture that's actually made of massive wood rather than
             | cardboard and veneer, but it's becoming increasingly rare.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | I bought a sofa from a local builder a few years ago for
               | around $2500. The frame is well built but the cushions
               | lost their original shape within 6 months. All told, I'd
               | rather have the sturdy sofa that looks a bit sloppy over
               | a sofa that will break if more than three friends sit on
               | it but I'd really rather have a sturdy one that still
               | looks great after five years.
               | 
               | Maybe next time.
        
               | pokerface_86 wrote:
               | you can buy high foam density replacement cushions for
               | relatively cheap online if you want to replace them
        
               | timbray wrote:
               | A high-quality leather sofa these days is closer to $15K
               | than $1500, ouch.
        
               | financypants wrote:
               | There are loads of manufacturers that still do this. Go
               | to any furniture row, you'll see the Ikea parking lot is
               | full, the rc willey parking lot less so, and the premier
               | quality furniture brands parking lots nearly empty.
        
               | photon_lines wrote:
               | I don't disagree with you - but this also explains the
               | determining factor in which product wins and why today's
               | markets or sofas are lower quality than they were 30+
               | years ago. If price doesn't matter - what's going to be
               | the driving force in buying behavior? Consumer behavior
               | in other words is no longer driven by quality or long-
               | term cost: today, people will simply choose the lowest
               | cost items and deal with the pain of having to replace it
               | every X years. This drives the market to place a premium
               | on what then? LOWEST COST. Lowest cost = the
               | manufacturers that cut corners and reduce quality, so the
               | market driving force (consumers) lead to a game where the
               | lowest cost producers win and thus saturate the
               | marketplace with junk.
        
             | kmoser wrote:
             | > Well - the consumer will need to buy 4 of the $800 dollar
             | sofas just from having to replace them throughout a 20 year
             | period vs. having the ability to buy one (the $1500) one
             | 
             | Even an $800 sofa will probably last much longer than five
             | years. An added benefit to disposable items is that when
             | you move and/or your tastes change, it's easier to abandon
             | the old sofa and buy a new one than to take the old one
             | with you. (With a little luck and perseverance you may even
             | be able to recoup a few bucks by selling the old one.)
        
         | GeneralMaximus wrote:
         | > ... either people accept the fact that some neighbourhoods
         | are served worse than others, or the take the car and make the
         | travel up to the nice asian shop they read about on the
         | internet, because that's apparently worth it.
         | 
         | What's better: having to do a few minutes of research to find a
         | good sofa repair shop in your city or having to buy a new sofa
         | every 5 years?
         | 
         | Further: what's better for you personally, and what's better
         | for the planet? Are they compatible?
         | 
         | > But, surprise, this second option doesn't scale.
         | 
         | Why is it important for every type of business to scale? Is
         | "scale" a virtue we must judge every business by?
        
           | setgree wrote:
           | https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2010/07/19/stupidity-scales/
           | 
           | > We can't use common sense because it doesn't fit on a form.
           | 
           | > We can't use a simple approach to solve the problem in
           | front of us unless the same approach would also work on a
           | problem 100x larger that we may never have.
           | 
           | > If the smart thing to do doesn't scale, maybe we shouldn't
           | scale.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | When the sofa refurbisher can only handle 100 sofas a year,
           | the 101st customer doesn't have any where to go. Perhaps the
           | market will then lead a second refurbisher to set up shop but
           | that only moves the constraint somewhere else in the supply
           | chain. By its very nature, these small shops can never serve
           | "everyone" the way the big box retailers and flat pack
           | builders can. It's not really a solution to the problem at
           | hand.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | Aren't those "constrants" and having people set up shop to
             | solve them literally the most important and critical basic
             | block of our western economies and are critical for social
             | wellbeing? Why do you keep trying to paint this as a
             | negative in response to essentially command economy the
             | monopolies create?
        
         | abhayhegde wrote:
         | > Every time I read takes like this I think people forget why
         | big brands exist?
         | 
         | I think the article made a great point why big brands exist --
         | to deliver on the promise of unbridled growth, often leading to
         | enshittification.
         | 
         | > But big brands could offer customer service just fine if
         | people wanted it.
         | 
         | The experience suggests that they usually offload that to a
         | third-party vendor to cut costs and we all know that does not
         | track as good as small, family owned, locally sourced, your
         | trustworthy shop.
         | 
         | > But, surprise, this second option doesn't scale.
         | 
         | True. Probably does not have to. A sufficiently wide
         | distribution of such businesses is just as good.
        
         | alerighi wrote:
         | > Yes fixing stuff is good for the planet. But big brands could
         | offer customer service just fine if people wanted it.
         | 
         | They could but they won't. Because they realized (and probably
         | all agreed) that it's far more profitable to sell the customer
         | a new product, rather than fixing the old one. And since they
         | are the big brands, and they have practically a monopoly (think
         | about big tech companies) they make the rules. They even have
         | the power to sue the crap to which small business tries to fix
         | their products, like Apple did multiple times.
         | 
         | The repair culture is not something sustainable for a big
         | business, that to stay in the market has to increase year after
         | year their sales, and the only way to do so is... making
         | consumers buy new products, even if they don't need them. How
         | to do so? Decrease the quality of the products, make them
         | impossible to repair. No big business would stay alive if they
         | sold you a couch that lasts a century.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I must have hallucinated that I went to an auto dealer for
           | warranty service last week.
           | 
           | Enterprise software companies have consulting and support
           | services.
           | 
           | At the consumer level though, most people aren't willing to
           | pay for the cost of the manufacturer or retailer repairing
           | clothing and other relatively low cost items. As in this
           | article, there are local businesses that do such things but
           | it can be really hard to justify for lower cost items. I have
           | had shoes resoled and otherwise repaired but haven't done it
           | in years and probably most recently a pair of very expensive
           | custom hiking boots that were made to be repairable. (And the
           | repair was probably $200 or so.)
        
             | wholinator2 wrote:
             | While i do take your point, i think a big problem with
             | discussions about "big businesses" is that they are
             | completely different most of the time. A sofa =/= a car =/=
             | enterprise software. But then how do discussions happen? A
             | sofa is just a thing to sit on at home, you undoubtedly
             | have other things to sit on. Needing to repair a sofa is
             | not catastrophic to survival. Needing to repair a family
             | car can be catastrophic to an individual or family. Needing
             | to repair enterprise software can be catastrophic to a
             | large business itself. There's hugely different consequence
             | scales here, which i guess correlates with how willing a
             | "large" company is to provide the desired support
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | At the consumer level it frequently doesn't make sense to
             | repair an item. My son had a part fail on his luggage last
             | winter. It _might_ be covered under warranty (the
             | manufacturer wouldn 't commit until inspecting the product)
             | but the repair would require shipping the suitcase to them
             | and paying for return shipping. It was going to cost about
             | $150 minimum to have it repaired on a piece that is already
             | a decade old and could be replaced for $200 on sale. I have
             | seen this repeated many times across products.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I've had minor clothing repairs/alterations done at a
               | local dry cleaner for a fairly nominal sum. (Maybe
               | $10-15) But if you can't just easily do something
               | yourself, yeah, you tend to be looking at a floor of at
               | least $100 and at least a certain amount of hassle.
               | 
               | Things I might have taken in to be repaired 25 years ago
               | like a laser printer just don't make sense to do so
               | today.
        
           | II2II wrote:
           | You don't even have to go the conspiratorial route to realize
           | that repair doesn't make sense to big businesses. The cost of
           | diagnosing the problem, performing the repair, and validating
           | the repair is fairly high. It is also difficult to ensure
           | consistency in the quality of repairs. Then you have to
           | consider that they think about things on a large scale, while
           | repair is an individualized thing. Just look at how computers
           | are repaired. The actual defective component may cost
           | pennies, yet an entire module is replaced. It's not
           | necessarily because the module is impossible to repair. It's
           | because repair processes are difficult to standardize, the
           | cost of replacing the module may be lower than repairing it,
           | and consistent outcomes are difficult to ensure.
           | 
           | Then there is dealing with the customer. A lot of people like
           | to know how much a repair will cost. You can offer an
           | accurate quote when replacing an entire module. A lot of
           | people cannot understand bills that are $0.05 parts + $100.00
           | labour, so they feel ripped off. A lot of people cannot
           | understand why a repaired product would exhibit problems when
           | it is returned to them (e.g. there was an independent
           | undiagnosed problem).
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | I think it depends on the business. Maybe fixing 20 year
             | old electronics might be hard, but it still work for
             | (overengineered? underchanged?) herman miller aeron chairs.
        
           | shellfishgene wrote:
           | My backpack wore through the back of my 2 year old Patagonia
           | down jacket. They have a repair program, and fixed the jacket
           | for free, didn't even pay shipping. So some large companies
           | actually do this.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | I wonder if they're a specific outlier. Remember they
             | didn't want to sell their jackets to wall street folks.
        
         | Arn_Thor wrote:
         | A key problem is that when people make purchasing decisions,
         | price ranks extremely high on the priority list, even when it
         | will be costlier and worse for the consumer in the long run.
         | Capitalism has found a thousand ways to exploit that inherent
         | trait we all share, and we have to work damn hard to counteract
         | it---and most people won't even know they should be making that
         | effort.
         | 
         | A lifestyle business isn't elitist, nor necessarily for elitist
         | customers. It is in most people's interest to invest in
         | quality, but not everyone can afford it and even among those
         | that do, the final price tag has an undue weight in the
         | equation. (Not to mention that big brands are removing quality
         | as an option even in the higher price ranges)
        
         | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
         | >when i need a sofa, i want to be able to "just" get a sofa
         | 
         | Which is understandable, and also the whole problem. Everything
         | that used to go along with getting that sofa, like the human
         | interaction, is thrown out in the name of efficiency, and
         | eventually we all end up locked in our houses with nowhere to
         | go but our jobs.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | It's not just efficiency, the very last thing I want to do
           | when buying any good or service is talk to another human
           | being. Hell if self checkout is any indication people will
           | trade efficiency for not having to talk to a person.
           | 
           | Eventually we'll all end up conserving our social battery for
           | friends and loved ones rather than work and shopping.
        
             | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
             | Where do the friends and loved ones come from?
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | > _I'm not smart enough to figure out what the regulatory regime
       | is that would ban most of what private-equity does and tilt the
       | playing field in favor of resilient lifestyle businesses._
       | 
       | When I discovered a polity full of SMEs and resilient lifestyle
       | businesses, I immigrated here.
       | 
       | Some vague thoughts from a few decades of trying to figure out
       | specifically why it seems to work so much better than the Old
       | Country:
       | 
       | Resilient family farms: that is indeed hefty regulation, as well
       | as willingness to forgo the last percentage point or two of
       | economic efficiency.
       | 
       | Resilient lifestyle businesses: the apprenticeship system plays
       | some role here, and I bet the same consideration to efficiency
       | applies?
       | 
       | I guess part of it depends upon who's making the investment
       | decisions:
       | 
       | - Owners are often happy to shave off a few percentage points in
       | favour of intangible benefits.
       | 
       | - Workers (here, the term includes outside management) are less
       | happy, as they're agents, and a few points for the owner may be
       | 20-50% of the agents' vig.
       | 
       | - Finance types run at full efficiency or nothing, as their
       | entire business is built around picking up nickels in front of
       | the steamroller, you can't expect them to leave nickels around
       | that are only in the path of tricycles.
       | 
       | Final thought: if you want a lot of new businesses, fast, you're
       | going to get "late capitalism" and the goods & services
       | equivalent of row crops.
       | 
       | If you've had your economy for some time and are just fiddling at
       | the edges for growth, you can have a bunch of lifestyle
       | businesses, the goods & services equivalent of orchards.
       | 
       | (I once lived in a neighbourhood in the Old Country that still
       | had corner stores, because it was older than the automobile, and
       | although "late capitalism" prevents corner stores from arising in
       | new neighbourhoods it's more or less neutral towards existing
       | ones)
       | 
       | EDIT: for exact identities, see
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39861369 and my comment
       | history more generally, or
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Scarry#Personal_life_a...
       | 
       | Lagniappe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reuJ8yVCgSM (2017)
        
         | shnock wrote:
         | To which places are you referring?
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Curious minds want to know of where you speak...
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | If it's where I think, my brother already lives there but the
           | immigration process is formidable.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | (I've edited the original post; could easily be where you
             | think)
             | 
             | The process became much easier for our neighbours while
             | I've been here, which, being zero-sum for available slots,
             | is to say it became more formidable for the Old Country. As
             | of today, I wouldn't be surprised if it's easier to get in
             | from Tunisia than from Texas.
             | 
             | It could be tougher; no one ever asked me if I could make a
             | roux :-)
             | 
             | EDIT: I couldn't rapidly find GDP splits by firm size, but
             | an easy comparison is that ~3/4 of all employees work for
             | SMEs here, as opposed to under 1/2 for the Old Country.
             | (Germany's figures are similar, and they claim over half
             | their GDP comes from SMEs.)
        
       | po wrote:
       | > How would we get there from here? I'm not smart enough to
       | figure out what the regulatory regime is that would ban most of
       | what private-equity does and tilt the playing field in favor of
       | resilient lifestyle businesses.
       | 
       | One good way is to pay attention to the details, learn how things
       | are made (YouTube helps with this!) and not be impressed by
       | shitty work, in general. I buy plenty of MDF-built products but I
       | also know the difference. There are just so many people who have
       | no idea.
        
         | abhayhegde wrote:
         | That is a good point. I would also think that buyers must vote
         | with their money. Stop buying cheaply made products as much as
         | possible, when an alternative slightly-expensive yet well made
         | things exist. Of course, easier said than done, especially when
         | money is a constraint.
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | I call it the "billion dollars or bust" mentality. The attitude
       | that a <1% chance of making it really big outweights a near 100%
       | chance of a comfortably profitable business for yourself and a
       | modest number of others.
        
       | azubinski wrote:
       | Well, it started with:
       | 
       | "So we had them replaced, at a fair price, by a small local
       | business. Which is something that modern capitalism is trying to
       | make impossible"
       | 
       | And then there was lot of blah-blah-blah about small local
       | business which thanks to those "modern capitalism" is possible
       | and exists. But what is "fair price" is still unknown from whose
       | point of view it is fair.
       | 
       | So, let use the same style (it is the style, yeah):
       | 
       | If you want to rise popularity of your blog in many modern
       | capitalism countries, always start any blog record with any form
       | of modern capitalism blaming :)
        
         | mariusor wrote:
         | > If you want to rise popularity of your blog in many modern
         | capitalism countries, always start any blog record with any
         | form of modern capitalism blaming
         | 
         | As this forum is mostly populated with techies, one would hope
         | Tim Bray is a known name which doesn't need increasing his
         | blog's popularity, or being suspect of pulling such stunts. :)
        
       | karolist wrote:
       | It boils down to giving people freedom but the world is being
       | destroyed or communism (it has its own problems).
        
       | dangus wrote:
       | I would point out that the original Dwell article cited by the
       | author as unequivocal evidence of the decline of sofa quality is
       | entirely based on the opinion of a single upholstery guy.
       | 
       | This whole idea of "most new furniture suddenly sucks in the past
       | 15 years" is somewhat suspect to me. Maybe it's survivorship bias
       | or something? Because cheaply furniture definitely existed more
       | than 15 years ago.
       | 
       | I found a vintage ad for a "genuine leather" sofa for $799. I.e.,
       | the worst kind of leather, the kind with the cracking plasticky
       | texture. I don't think that sofa would have even reached the
       | upholstery guy, it would have ended up in a dumpster. (Search for
       | Gardner White Vintage Ads on Google Images)
       | 
       | That $799 couch in 1990 would now cost $2,000 after inflation. So
       | $2,000 is your baseline for a mass-produced cheap couch (this
       | lines up pretty closely to the $1500 IKEA leather couch I own),
       | which means something more "buy it for life" is going to bring
       | you into that Restoration Hardware territory. And, really, most
       | people aren't willing to pay that.
       | 
       | The second thing I would say is that this idea that modern
       | capitalism wants to stamp out this family business is not
       | supported at all. This whole situation seemed to make their
       | services even more valuable. It's also a fact that in the US
       | 99.9% of all businesses are small businesses and they employ
       | almost half of all Americans. Yes, you heard that right, it's
       | really 99.9%.
       | 
       | Small businesses are where you'll find a lot of quality furniture
       | too! Like, you can buy solid wood furniture at good prices from
       | Amish-owned furniture businesses.
       | 
       | https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/small-business-stati...
       | 
       | The third and final point I'd make is that particle board isn't
       | bad. That isn't what causes your furniture to fail prematurely.
       | And it has major benefits like being lightweight. My sofa from
       | IKEA is 100% manufactured wood, but that part is totally solid.
       | I've owned the couch for a good 10 years now. The weak points of
       | the couch are really the foam, which you don't really need a
       | complicated upholstery job to replace. It may also even be
       | possible for me to buy the cushion covers from IKEA directly
       | (that's certainly an option from modular manufacturers like
       | LoveSac).
        
       | vhodges wrote:
       | I am so glad Tim (and thus Luxcious) are in the Lower Mainland. I
       | don't need them currently, but it's nice to know it's an option.
        
       | parpfish wrote:
       | I always thought "lifestyle business" meant something else.
       | 
       | In this article it means "small business that supports the
       | lifestyle of its owner/employees"
       | 
       | I _thought_ it meant that it was a business that provided a non-
       | essential usually-trendy "lifestyle goods /accessories" for its
       | customers.
        
         | Joeboy wrote:
         | I thought the "lifestyle business" negativity was chiefly
         | around trendy businesses that are only viable due to being
         | covertly subsidized, eg. by family money.
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | This is what I hear the phrase "lifestyle business" used for,
           | to distinguish between the immigrant family restaurant (real
           | business that pays the bills of the people who own it) from
           | the "twenty items each on their own display table with a
           | spotlight" store (funded by spouse, trust fund, or money they
           | got when they cashed out of their previous job).
        
         | tenkabuto wrote:
         | Ooh, the term is indeed used differently depending on what it's
         | being discussed in relation to: as in the article, the
         | business's structure itself and its relation to its owner's
         | hopes/expectations for it; or as you pointed to, the
         | industry/market/product or service category of the business's
         | product or service.
        
         | jannyfer wrote:
         | Same here, but maybe I was thinking of "lifestyle brand" and
         | I'd never actually heard "lifestyle business".
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | This article is misusing the term. Every business supports the
         | lifestyle of its employees, by providing them with money and
         | (sometimes) benefits. But that doesn't mean every business is a
         | "lifestyle business."
         | 
         | What makes a "lifestyle business" is that the owner picks the
         | lifestyle they want first, then designs a business around that.
         | For example someone who wants to go rock climbing all the time
         | is not going to consider a furniture repair shop in a big city
         | to be a "lifestyle business." Probably few people would
         | consider furniture repair to be a lifestyle business, unless
         | your preferred lifestyle is to do manual labor in a crappy
         | warehouse every day with few vacations.
         | 
         | Lifestyle businesses usually take one of a few shapes:
         | 
         | - Monetizing the lifestyle directly: for example Instagram
         | influencers who make a business out of their personal travel,
         | fashion, outdoor adventure, etc.
         | 
         | - Running a high-leverage business at a low intensity: for
         | example a highly automated SaaS business that is kept small and
         | easy to run, so the owner can spend most of their time doing
         | other things. This is usually what VCs look down on, because
         | they seek out high leverage business models and consider
         | anything less than max intensity to be a wasted opportunity.
         | 
         | - Optional businesses: for example low-intensity "consulting"
         | gigs that independently wealthy people operate to keep from
         | being bored, or for tax advantage.
        
       | throw0101c wrote:
       | > _This kind of transaction is exactly what modern capitalism is
       | trying to stamp out._
       | 
       | The author is attributing intentionality to something that has no
       | free will or even sentience.
       | 
       | Capitalism and the market economy are simply people who owns
       | things and who make decisions to buy things.
       | 
       | People need/want a certain item, value it to a certain extent,
       | and are willing to part with some number of dollars to receive
       | that value. If a large number of people do not highly value an
       | item (e.g., sofas), then they will not be willing to allocate a
       | large number of dollars towards it, so companies that charge a
       | high dollar amount will not be able to collect them. If you are
       | 'forcing' such companies to exist, then they have to be able to
       | collect monies to not go bankrupt, which basically means you are
       | forcing these high(er) prices onto the public. If the individuals
       | who make up the public are not interested in these high(er)-cost
       | items why should they be forced to pay the money to buy them
       | instead of allocating their dollars to something they do value?
       | 
       | (Of course the prices need to reflect all the costs associated
       | with making them, which is where things like (e.g.) carbon
       | pricing comes in for the environment.)
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | > _The author is attributing intentionality to something that
         | has no free will or even sentience. Capitalism and the market
         | economy are simply people who owns things and who make
         | decisions to buy things._
         | 
         | In the same sense the human brain has no intentionality or
         | sentience - it's simply neurons wired together, trading
         | chemicals and jolting each other for shits and giggles.
         | 
         | Sometimes a high-level process works in a way not obvious from
         | looking at individual parts, or even dependent on them. See
         | also: corporations are effectively alien minds, AIs executing
         | on top of a runtime made of humans.
         | 
         | > _People need /want a certain item, value it to a certain
         | extent, and are willing to part with some number of dollars to
         | receive that value. If a large number of people do not highly
         | value an item (...)_
         | 
         | That breaks down in practice, because people have finite time
         | and energy to evaluate and make choices, while sellers have a
         | lot of leeway in plain lying to their customers. As a result,
         | people mostly chose out of what's available, and quietly endure
         | it being shit.
        
         | jprete wrote:
         | There's value in identifying what the incentive structure is
         | doing even if it can only be expressed in anthropomorphic
         | terms.
        
       | blfr wrote:
       | > This kind of transaction is exactly what modern capitalism is
       | trying to stamp out.
       | 
       | Yet again modern capitalism is blamed for its users' lack of
       | taste: people _genuinely prefer_ new, crappier stuff to classier,
       | old items. This is the same with Tik Tok algos, tailors being
       | unpopular compared to fast fashion and even overpriced luxury
       | brands, fast food vs cooking, etc.
       | 
       | Virtually every time a consumer is confronted with a lousier but
       | easily available option and a vastly superior one but requiring
       | some mental, or occasionally physical, effort, they choose the
       | former.
       | 
       | Capitalism merely holds up a mirror to our preferences. As it
       | turns out, we really don't like it.
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | > people genuinely prefer new, crappier stuff to classier, old
         | items
         | 
         | > Virtually every time a consumer is confronted with a lousier
         | but easily available option and a vastly superior one but
         | requiring some mental, or occasionally physical, effort, they
         | choose the former.
         | 
         | No they don't. There's a bunch of information asymmetries and
         | missing choices that make the equilibrium warped and bizarre,
         | rather than revealing anything so simple about society. Sure
         | it's at some local optimum but there can be still be wildly
         | better global optima that the system has trouble reaching.
        
           | blfr wrote:
           | > There's a bunch of information asymmetries
           | 
           | This is what I meant by mental effort. With the advent of the
           | Internet, most of these asymmetries are gated by at most a
           | couple of hours of online research.
        
       | istultus wrote:
       | Let me posit an ad-hoc theory built on our anchoring bias in
       | regards to price and our inability to think in terms of
       | inflation/hyperbolic discounting:
       | 
       | tl;dr - Once a cheap alternative is on the market, us frugal
       | folks can't imagine paying for what was once the default and only
       | option, distorting our understanding of what constitutes good
       | quality
       | 
       | * He says buying a new sofa of the same quality today would cost
       | upwards of $5000, and he paid more than $3000 for it in 1999. He
       | paid $1000 now to reupholster.
       | 
       | * Using US inflation data which is easier to access, $3000 in '99
       | is around $5600 today - so practically unchanged.
       | 
       | * What's changed? Since the emergence of cheap badly-built
       | furniture, it now _feels_ profligate to spend $5000 on a sofa,
       | when in 1999 it was (hypothetically) the only option.
       | 
       | * Instead people feel better buying a (say) $800 IKEA sofa every
       | 5 years, which over 25 years is the $4000 nominal he has spent on
       | his own sofa. It _feels_ much less painful to give IKEA $800 now
       | than to give your local artisan sofa maker $5000. Who profits
       | from that? _You_ moreso than the local artisan.
       | 
       | * It's true that the middle has been hollowed out - I can't find
       | a well-made $1500 sofa, but on the plus side the less affluent
       | have access to cheap sofas, and the affluent but frugal whinge
       | and buy a new sofa every few years.
       | 
       | I'm squarely in the frugal bracket, if not affluent...
        
         | rcpt wrote:
         | The Ikea sofa makes a lot of sense if you don't think you'll
         | stay in the same place for very long.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | Not to mention that when you pay $5000 for a sofa today, you
         | don't really know if you're _actually_ getting a sofa that will
         | last 25 years or not, because you 're not an expert in sofa
         | construction techniques and frankly don't want to become one.
         | So you might get totally ripped off.
         | 
         | Whereas if you pay $800 for the IKEA sofa every 5 years, you
         | know you're actually getting what you're paying for.
         | 
         | Plus people move apartments, move houses, move cities.
         | Sometimes every 5 years or even more often. The sofa that fit
         | in the old apartment is too wide for the new one. Or the style
         | that made sense in your prewar apartment looks silly in your
         | modernist one. Or now you have kids and you need it to be
         | stain-resistant. Or what felt like a cool trendy leather couch
         | when you were 25 now looks tacky and vulgar to you when you're
         | 34.
         | 
         | For a lot of people, a sofa that's a fifth the price, that
         | lasts a fifth as long, isn't a bug -- it's a feature. Quite
         | simply, your sofa needs change.
        
           | atopal wrote:
           | I don't understand where the idea comes from that IKEA sofas
           | fall apart after 5 years. All of their sofas come with a 10
           | year warranty, even the cheapest ones. Here's one at the $850
           | price point: https://www.ikea.com/us/en/p/uppland-sofa-
           | blekinge-white-s19...
           | 
           | Their more expensive ones come with a 25 year warranty and
           | still only cost $2,500:
           | https://www.ikea.com/us/en/p/stockholm-sofa-seglora-
           | natural-...
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | It is a very "limited" warranty:
             | 
             | https://www.ikea.com/us/en/files/pdf/40/04/4004a9de/seating
             | _...
             | 
             | If the sofa _breaks_ , then sure it's covered.
             | 
             | But it explicitly _doesn 't_ cover fabric or leather
             | coverings -- and good luck trying to convince them that the
             | foam padding has gone all flat.
             | 
             | Whereas in my experience, how long a sofa lasts is
             | determined _precisely_ by how long the coverings and
             | cushions last. (I 've never in my life seen a sofa
             | _break_.)
             | 
             | So the IKEA warranty is irrelevant there.
             | 
             | Your UPPLAND sofa may work great for 30 years in a guest
             | room where it's sat on 5 times a year.
             | 
             | But good luck getting it to last 10 years in the living
             | room where the whole family is using it every day and kids
             | are climbing all over it. (Of course, more expensive IKEA
             | sofas do tend to last longer than the cheapest ones --
             | people are usually talking about the cheap ones.)
        
               | tanepiper wrote:
               | No sofa has a 25 year warranty on fabric, that wouldn't
               | make sense - but you can of course by insurance for it
               | and usually most non-IKEA sofa shops will offer you
               | Scotchguard cover usually for 3 to 5 years.
               | 
               | Depending on the Sofa you can or course get one that has
               | IKEA+ which is replaceable covers, which you can't do
               | with most other sofas.
               | 
               | (Disclosure: I work at IKEA, although I only found out
               | the 25 year cover a few weeks ago)
        
               | ric2b wrote:
               | The stuff that isn't covered is the stuff that will
               | naturally wear out with use and can be easily replaced,
               | so I don't see the problem.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | The point is cheap stuff wears out a lot more quickly,
               | and it's _not_ easy or cheap to replace fabric and
               | padding, and may not even be financially worth it.
               | 
               | The point is that having a 10 year warranty doesn't mean
               | your cheap sofa is going to last as long as an expensive
               | one. It's not a signal at all that IKEA sofas are high
               | quality.
        
         | pards wrote:
         | Except he said:
         | 
         | > new leather sofas of the "not flat-packed sawdust and glue"
         | variety quickly get into five figures
         | 
         | five figures >= $10,000, not $5,000
        
         | Anon1096 wrote:
         | I've had my IKEA sofa for close to a decade, saying you need to
         | change it every 5 years is not even close to true. There's a
         | perception that more expensive=will last longer, but it just
         | doesn't hold out in reality. Oftentimes the mass market product
         | really is just a solid product.
        
           | _fat_santa wrote:
           | Not sofas but office chairs, currently sitting on an IKEA
           | Markus chair that my parents bought for me when I was in the
           | 7th grade. I'm 30.
        
         | seer wrote:
         | I don't know why HN has the idea that IKEA is cheap trash - yes
         | some of the things in their catalog are not very high quality,
         | but they seem to be very consistent.
         | 
         | But more importantly (for me), because they have such a huge
         | catalog, and a propensity to optimise, they ended up with a
         | supremely hackable furniture - everything fits together with
         | everything else, whenever you want to build something - there
         | are tons of parts available - and you can buy _just the parts_
         | its kinda like lego.
         | 
         | Also a lot of Ikea stuff is made of honeycomb paper - so it's
         | trivial to put cables and electronics inside. I've hacked
         | multiple tables and sofas by putting charging ports / wireless
         | chargers and other doo-dads inside, vastly decreasing my cable
         | management issues.
         | 
         | And again if anything breaks, its kinda trivial to fix it
         | yourself, as you've probably assembled it and know where each
         | bold and nail go.
        
           | fbdab103 wrote:
           | The aspect of Ikea furniture I like - it is typically
           | stylish. To get an equivalent look somewhere else usually
           | invokes large price increases for seemingly no change in
           | quality.
           | 
           | It is definitely not the best quality, but I have moved
           | several Ikea pieces over the years without much ill effects.
           | Would I like to upgrade to some "adult" furniture one day?
           | Maybe, but I fear much of it is like other designer goods -
           | identical crap construction with a reputable label stitched
           | on the front.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | Ikea stuff with metal parts: grab it and keep it.
           | 
           | Ikea stuff with solid wood parts: if you really like it, it's
           | probably good value.
           | 
           | Ikea stuff with manufactured wood parts: you'd better really
           | like, because it probably won't last that long or that well.
        
           | petesergeant wrote:
           | One nice thing about IKEA furniture is that the price of an
           | item is well connected to its quality, and they offer items
           | in a range of quality levels, so there's a trustable signal
           | in the price
        
           | switch007 wrote:
           | It is mostly cheap trash, especially these days. You admit it
           | yourself - honeycomb, particleboard etc. Saying "some" things
           | are not high quality is being very very charitable
           | 
           | There used to be a better mix of cheap, mid and slightly
           | upper mid. And they often pulling crap like swapping out for
           | cheaper materials but calling it the same model name
        
       | frugalmail wrote:
       | This sounds antagonistic and ungrateful. But capitalism offered
       | affordable furniture that got me off the floor with pillows which
       | many places around the world still do. And oh look, if you want
       | that kind of furniture that has joinery, and 8 way tied coils,
       | you buy it too, paying what the level of effort is worth which
       | would probably be mid 5 figures instead of the low 4, or high 3.
        
       | snowwrestler wrote:
       | Folks, not everything is "late stage capitalism." Furniture
       | repair has been the domain of small businesses forever. And they
       | are in crappy little out of the way places because that's where
       | real estate is cheap, and they don't need foot traffic. Customers
       | come find them when they need furniture repaired.
       | 
       | Furniture repair is also not a "lifestyle business." That phrase
       | is not a synonym for small business. Furniture repair is hard
       | work and low margin. Customers are intermittent so it's hard to
       | take time off (because you risk losing a significant project).
       | 
       | A lifestyle business is a business that people set up who are
       | trying to fund their preferred lifestyle. For example, a single
       | person SaaS that creates monthly passive income, like half the
       | people here on HN are trying to set up.
       | 
       | I worked for a lifestyle business: the owner was an entrepreneur
       | with 2 successful exits and did not need to work. But he had set
       | up a tech consultancy so he could work on a few interesting
       | projects a year and funnel all his favorite expenses (new tech
       | gadgets, cars, travel, etc) through a tax-advantaged business
       | entity.
       | 
       | He picked his lifestyle and then built the business around that.
       | Most small businesses are the other way around: the owner has to
       | adapt their lifestyle to the business, in order to stay in
       | business.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | I don't fundamentally disagree with what you've written here,
         | but the reality is that we don't have any idea from TFA just
         | what sort of situation Luxcious is actually in.
         | 
         | They may be a "just getting by" furniture repair shop, or they
         | may make easily as much as the owners want it to, and in the
         | meantime provides work that they and their employees (if there
         | are any other than the owners) find interesting and/or
         | rewarding.
         | 
         | This exists too (even if it may indeed not be the norm).
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | This equally applies to beds and mattresses and kitchens and
       | probably a lot of other furniture-related stuff too.
        
       | drewda wrote:
       | For a post that's about supporting businesses that provide value,
       | it's unfortunate to see a link to bypass a magazine's paywall.
       | 
       | (Yes, I'm annoyed when I want to read an interestingly headlined
       | article that first requires a subscription. Yes, I also use
       | archive.is to get around some outlets' paywalls. That said, I do
       | try to pay for the online newspapers and magazines that I read
       | the most, and I think it's worth nudging others in that direction
       | as well.)
        
       | CapitalistCartr wrote:
       | Most businesses in the USA are "lifestyle" businesses, and they
       | are the backbone of our economy. Everywhere I've worked, we had
       | relationships with dozens of them, and the area around us was
       | full of them. We couldn't have succeeded without that ecosystem.
       | Most people who didn't work in the relevant industries didn't
       | even know they were there.
        
       | lkrubner wrote:
       | "This kind of transaction is exactly what modern capitalism is
       | trying to stamp out."
       | 
       | Since small businesses lack "economies of scale" they need fat
       | gross margins to survive. In the USA, both the public and the
       | political leadership was frightened of the slow buildup of
       | inflation from 1960 to 1973, and then the explosion of inflation,
       | into double digit territory, for much of the period from 1973 to
       | 1982. After that experience we had a long era, a whole generation
       | of leadership, where the public and the leadership felt the fight
       | against inflation had to be one of the most important economic
       | fights that the government engaged in. And the fight against
       | inflation had to involve the fight against gross margins. So we,
       | as a society, went to war against small businesses, because small
       | businesses survive on the kind of margins that were seen as
       | causing inflation. By contrast, allowing the spread of companies
       | such as WalMart, which benefits from "economies of scale" and so
       | can survive on razor-thin gross margins, was seen as helping to
       | stop inflation. Likewise, opening up the economy to nations such
       | as China was seen as an important step to limit inflation. The
       | cost structure in China was such that a company in China could
       | have fat gross margins and yet still underprice a company in the
       | USA that had thin gross margins. Thus importing from China became
       | an important part of the war against inflation.
       | 
       | All of this worked for awhile. The era from 1982 to 2008 was
       | known as The Great Moderation, an era when inflation fell and the
       | business cycle moderated. And the era after 2008 also saw rock
       | bottom inflation -- inflation remained under the Fed's 2% target
       | for several years after 2008.
       | 
       | Under President Trump, the USA began to adapt a new economic
       | policy, and President Biden has continued forward with the Trump
       | policies. The new era has seen increasing tariffs on China and a
       | willingness to rethink some aspects of the open trade policies
       | that we followed for most of 50 years. And since 2000, starting
       | under Trump and then continuing under Biden, we have seen several
       | trillion worth of stimulus spending. This has revived inflation,
       | but it has also allowed many small businesses to raise prices and
       | thus re-attain the kinds of gross margins they need to survive.
       | 
       | In general, a society can have the lowest possible prices, or it
       | can have prices that are high enough to support small businesses,
       | but it cannot have both. Since America is a large, diverse nation
       | we will never have agreement about what our priorities should be,
       | but we should keep in mind, we did some real damage to ourselves
       | during the decades that we eliminated inflation and we are
       | gifting ourselves some real benefits during this current era of
       | inflation.
        
       | nakedneuron wrote:
       | Has anybody made the same observation? :
       | 
       | Philosophy seems to be concerned with furniture a lot. I'm
       | compiling a list of examples I encountered where in a
       | philosophical (sometimes not philosophical) context someone
       | brings up the table (rarer so the chair) as an instance of a
       | physical thing. I started compiling this list when I was
       | convinced this _is_ a thing.
       | 
       | Further examples (book citations, links) greatly encouraged if
       | you can contribute. My list is still small but only because I was
       | so late to take action.
       | 
       | I have an idea of why this is. But I want to corroborate my
       | empiric base before going to the greater public with this.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _I have an idea of why this is._
         | 
         | Because they are convenient examples of things everybody in
         | their audience has seen and knows about, and are quite simple
         | too?
         | 
         | One could use dogs for example, to make somebody understand the
         | Platonic Ideas (in this case, dogness), but they have a lot
         | more aspects and variables than tables (even questions about
         | unique personality and soul might creep in, whereas for tables
         | it wont).
        
           | nakedneuron wrote:
           | While this is true, there are billions of convenient examples
           | everybody knows. Also there are things that have a lot less
           | variables than a table.
           | 
           | I'm not convinced. (I don't thing so.)
        
             | lovemenot wrote:
             | I will bite. How do these multi-thousand-year furniture
             | lobbyists continue to conspire to successfully frame our
             | contemporary ideas toward their agenda?
        
               | nakedneuron wrote:
               | Thanks for biting. But I'm also serious.
               | 
               | Some evidence that I'm not joking, two more or less
               | prominent examples...
               | 
               | From Roger Penrose's "The road to reality", chapter 1.3
               | "Is Plato's mathematical world 'real'?":
               | 
               | "I am aware that there will still be many readers who
               | find difficulty with assigning any kind of actual
               | existence to mathematical structures. Let me make the
               | request of such readers that they merely broaden their
               | notion of what the term 'existence' can mean to them. The
               | mathematical forms of Plato's world clearly do not have
               | the same kind of existence as do ordinary physical
               | objects such as tables and chairs. They do not have
               | spatial locations; nor do they exist in time."
               | 
               | "Do Chairs Exist?" by Vsauce, ~11M views:
               | https://youtu.be/fXW-QjBsruE
               | 
               | "How" you ask.. I think we need to trace back when
               | philosophers started to hit on that meme. I think the
               | "multi-thousand-year furniture lobbyists" started to jump
               | on the bandwagon from there and things co-evolved after
               | that. I am determined to solve that humandkind-old
               | mystery.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _While this is true, there are billions of convenient
             | examples everybody knows._
             | 
             | Well, in those days they had a billion less examples than
             | we have today - or at least tens of thousands of common
             | today product categories and things not yet existing.
             | 
             | But they also used weaponry (Zeno on infinite division),
             | chariots (Plato on soul), pots (Plato on art), caves (Plato
             | on reality), dice (Heraclitus on chance), and many other
             | things.
             | 
             | Plus, famous examples tend to be re-invoked (same how
             | computer vision students re-used Lena).
        
               | nakedneuron wrote:
               | Both are fair points. Still, a table - or chair - is/was
               | one of thousands of options to choose. So you might be
               | right that good examples tend to be reproduced. Question
               | remains why it would be a good example to begin with.
               | 
               | Personally I think at some point such choice became baked
               | in into the concept of physical existence because people
               | think in pictures and physical existence in itself is
               | such an abstract thing. The choice of furniture however
               | is kind of hilarious.
        
         | reliablereason wrote:
         | Personally I have always attributed my tendency of that to the
         | fact that I sit on chairs or at a table when I talk about these
         | types of things. So they are convenient examples to use in the
         | moment, examples of objects that people have a good
         | understanding of (or so they think).
        
       | meristohm wrote:
       | Title a play on Octavia Butler's Parable of the Sower?[0]
       | 
       | Other cultures don't use sofas, and I'm curious if they were
       | originally a thing for royalty (like flat green lawns and white
       | bread and so many other "luxuries" we royal Americans went in
       | for), and I would vote for leaving ours (IKEA, so not the worst
       | in terms of PFAS coating and other toxins, but also not great)
       | with the house when/if we move, and sitting on the floor again,
       | which my spouse and I did early on, influenced by our time in
       | Japan (and our relative lack of money).
       | 
       | I appreciate this article about valuing local repair shops. I did
       | the same with a pair of boots, and will continue to pay for such
       | service, not least because I like getting to know craftsmen.
       | 
       | [0] https://worldcat.org/title/parable-of-the-
       | sower/oclc/2825552...
        
         | codexb wrote:
         | Wait, if other cultures don't use sofas, what do they sit on?
         | Are their houses all full of single chairs?
        
           | salomonk_mur wrote:
           | In the floor or a mat.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Or wood stools/benches/chairs. Fabric was very expensive
             | until relatively recently. A modern sofa would presumably
             | have been an extreme luxury item not that long ago in
             | historical terms.
        
         | timbray wrote:
         | You're right, but I didn't realize that till later. Except for
         | the original "Parable of the Sower" was from Jesus not Olivia.
         | But I also thought of Olivia's first.
        
         | unscaled wrote:
         | I'm not sure if by other culture you mean Japan, but relatively
         | Japanese definitely use sofa nowadays. Certainly, in the past
         | they did not, but if you go back to the 19th centuries you
         | could probably say the same about western countries (being "for
         | the royalty" seems like a stretch, but they were certainly too
         | expensive for commoners).
         | 
         | Old, tatami-only houses generally won't have heavy legged
         | furniture at all, but tatami-only houses are rarely being
         | built. It used to be come to have a single tatami room in most
         | homes, but that is also becoming more uncommon for new houses
         | nowadays. In modern houses, you'd usually have sofa. I don't
         | remember if I've ever seen a multi-room Japanese house without
         | one, but one-room apartments can be really small, and if the
         | owner doesn't host people often (or ever) they won't have a
         | sofa.
         | 
         | What is very common in Japan (especially in small apartments
         | and one room apartments) is a low-sofa (basically a low profile
         | sofa, often without a base or legs) and zaisu[1] - originally a
         | fancier sitting pillow with back for tatami floors, but
         | nowadays it's mostly low-profile sofa chair or more often just
         | a sofa chair without legs. These things are more flexible and
         | portable and allow you to sit closer to the floor.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaisu
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | Lifestyle business is often sent out as a slur, often originating
       | from someone who has said lifestyle from being wealthy.
       | 
       | Traditional VC investment by its definition is trying to hedge
       | it's returns by investing in the time of startup founders, and
       | often only large bets make the return worth while.
       | 
       | Increasingly, I agree with the idea to call a business "self-
       | funded", because that's what it actually is, instead of
       | bootstrapped or lifestyle.
       | 
       | I would say it might not be a stretch that what every founder is
       | doing is to make an improvement in the lifestyle of their team
       | and clients. VC investment is a good vehicle when entered into
       | mindfully, and also drastically changes your course.
        
       | _nalply wrote:
       | It's about incentives.
       | 
       | One example: What if companies rented sofas instead of selling
       | them? Perhaps a weird idea, but humour me. The incentives would
       | shift. Companies would be more interested to give you durable
       | sofas. Because there will be less profit if they have to replace
       | sofas more often.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | There are furniture rental places. They rent pretty much the
         | cheapest crap they can get their hands on.
        
       | jacobn wrote:
       | A very big reason for the "go big or go home" mentality comes
       | from very simple company valuation metrics:
       | 
       | If you have $10M ARR and modest growth you're probably going to
       | get a ~4x P/E valuation.
       | 
       | If you have $100M ARR and modest growth you can go public and get
       | a ~20x P/E valuation.
       | 
       | So you're not only 10x more valuable, you're 50x more valuable.
       | 
       | Basically you get a massive multiplier boost on top of the
       | increased scale.
       | 
       | (Rough & approximate, YMMV, etc)
        
       | losvedir wrote:
       | I guess I don't take it for granted like in the article that
       | replacing something is necessarily bad. What _specifically_ is
       | the metric that is bad here? Landfill space? Material waste? Ikea
       | furniture is less dense so sort of wins here. Cost to the
       | consumer? His original sofa is $5,000 in today 's dollars. Will
       | it last longer than multiple consecutive Ikea sofas? Recall that
       | because of the time value of money, an Ikea sofa today is maybe
       | $1,000 but a replacement 5 years from now is likely only to be
       | "worth" $700 in today's money, and then one 5 years from then
       | will be $500, and so on? So for $5,000 today you could have a
       | "lifetime supply" of Ikea couches. Maybe the problem is carbon
       | released in the manufacturing? I'm not sure an artisan making
       | trips to a lumber supply store and making a couch a day wins out
       | vs. an Ikea factory producing hundreds an hour supplied by ships
       | and trains and trucks.
       | 
       | To the extent this raises a problem about capitalism, it's that
       | increasingly price discovery doesn't work anymore. Competition
       | has been the driver of efficiencies and progress for centuries,
       | but it doesn't really work if every purchase you also have to go
       | "but what about the carbon?" "what about the workers'
       | conditions?" "what about the animal welfare?" "what about the
       | landfills?". In other words, there are so many externalities
       | conscientious consumers have to search the history of the company
       | and rely on branding and marketing to make a decision. Many, like
       | Mr Bray here, just throw their hands up and say the whole system
       | is flawed.
       | 
       | Cheap things _should_ be the goal. If we had a carbon tax,
       | appropriate labor laws combined with tariffs or trade agreements,
       | costs for landfill space or whatever, then you just need to buy
       | the cheapest thing and that will be the most efficient!
       | 
       | I know I personally tried to live this philosophy 10 years ago
       | when I purchased a $400 pair of handcrafted boots (trying to
       | follow Vimes's philosophy), and I regret it. They've not held up
       | well, though at least I was able to re-sole them at a cobbler
       | here in town.
        
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