[HN Gopher] How do our brains adapt to control an extra body part?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How do our brains adapt to control an extra body part?
        
       Author : lostin01010101
       Score  : 257 points
       Date   : 2024-06-02 03:17 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cam.ac.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cam.ac.uk)
        
       | matt3210 wrote:
       | Third thumb? What? You mean second thumb right?
        
         | jaggederest wrote:
         | How many thumbs do you have right now?
        
           | surferbayarea wrote:
           | Thats what happens when you delegate counting things to
           | GPT-4o
        
           | labster wrote:
           | I just cracked my phone screen, so I'm all thumbs right now.
        
           | onionisafruit wrote:
           | You wouldn't believe me if I told you
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | 4
        
             | rrr_oh_man wrote:
             | You beautiful ape bastard, you.
        
       | labster wrote:
       | This doesn't seem like an unusual finding considering how good
       | humans are at tool use in general. Picking up objects and using
       | them as if they were part of our own body is pretty standard for
       | us.
       | 
       | I remember that learning how to drive a car was actually quite
       | difficult, but by now, even rental cars seem like an extension of
       | my body that I can control mostly unconsciously. (Operating
       | vehicles while entirely unconscious: not recommended)
        
         | from-nibly wrote:
         | I think what this does is blur the line between extra body
         | parts and tools. And maybe it leans more into the fact that our
         | brains treat tools and body parts similarly.
        
         | gravescale wrote:
         | > mostly unconsciously
         | 
         | There's even a name for it when you just appear to teleport
         | down the road:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_hypnosis
        
         | sebazzz wrote:
         | Isn't it also like gaming, especially with a controller? How
         | "good" you are with gaming is at least a function of how well
         | your brain is able to remap desired actions into necessary
         | controller input muscle movements.
        
       | CobrastanJorji wrote:
       | There's this thing called the "curb-cut effect," where you make a
       | change in order to accommodate people with a specific disability,
       | and it turns out that the change is way more broadly useful than
       | you anticipated. It's named after the ramps at intersections that
       | were mandated by the ADA for folks in wheelchairs, but they
       | turned out to be really good ideas in general and helped folks
       | with strollers, on bicycles, and more. Similar things happened
       | with closed captioning. Lots of other examples.
       | 
       | I bring it up because I wonder if this isn't the opposite of
       | that. You come up with a technology aimed at healthy people,
       | study how healthy people can adapt to using it, and maybe
       | popularize it one day with healthy people. Because there are so
       | many more people whose digits all work, it's a much broader
       | audience. But once it's productionized and popular, I bet it'd
       | probably do a lot of good for folks who'd need it.
        
         | readams wrote:
         | There are some lucky circumstances where this is true, but most
         | such accommodations are not like that. Usually some trade-off
         | must be made, in cost or in functionality. For example, with
         | those same cut curbs, we now need to put a bumpy panel to allow
         | blind and visually impaired people to feel the transition from
         | curb to street, but these make the cut much worse for anything
         | with wheels.
        
           | clipsy wrote:
           | > but these make the cut much worse for anything with wheels.
           | 
           | Worse than the original curbs? Not in my experience.
        
             | ndriscoll wrote:
             | I found that whatever material they used in San Francisco
             | for those bumpy curb ramps was _incredibly_ slippery when
             | it rained. Wouldn 't surprise me if someone ends up
             | disabled because of them at some point.
        
               | Kye wrote:
               | All the panels I've encountered in Georgia have had
               | plenty of grip when wet. I wonder what the difference is.
               | Maybe it's because we get more rain and less slippery oil
               | and goop is able to accumulate. I've heard that's part of
               | why drivers in southern California have so much trouble
               | with rain.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | Do they use plastic bricks there? I've heard about such
               | things existing, but ours are molded concrete at least.
               | And the pattern is quite unobtrusive as well.
        
           | whoistraitor wrote:
           | I would say actually in the vast majority of cases of
           | accessibility interventions, it benefits everyone. Everyone
           | is, at various points in their lives, a varying degree of
           | disabled (defined in terms of functional deficits). Whether
           | injured, pregnant, chronically ill, a wheelchair user,
           | elderly, or -- heh -- even intoxicated, thinking broadly
           | about users of the spaces and tools we design is always going
           | to yield more positive than negative externalities imho.
           | 
           | In cases where this is not true, I'd challenge designers and
           | engineers to find more novel designs that can genuinely be
           | used by anyone and not cost too much inconvenience. This can
           | sometimes mean starting from scratch and questioning our
           | assumptions. Eg. Even the need for a curb-to-street indicator
           | presupposes a street that is used by both big metal vehicles
           | and pedestrians, whereas perhaps there's a solution that
           | means those paths never cross. Ie. More fundamental urban and
           | transport design instead of band-aiding atop legacy systems.
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | I don't find it that hard to cycle between the bumps. If you
           | know what to expect, it's easier than a cattle grid.
        
           | mcmoor wrote:
           | Any more example where it needs to be a tradeoff? I've been
           | very skeptical about the concept since first hearing it.
           | Seems too good to be true.
        
         | from-nibly wrote:
         | It's like the overpopularization of the gluten free diet. It
         | serves gluten intolerant people a lot.
        
           | tstrimple wrote:
           | Rolled our eyes at fad diets like gluten free (while knowing
           | celiacs is a real thing) only for my wife to develop both
           | lactose and gluten intolerance at 40. And I thought cutting
           | HFCS was difficult. I'm glad that gluten free picked up in
           | popularity now, but it's still very difficult to shop at
           | conventional grocery stores. Allergens listed on menus has
           | been amazing.
        
             | aszantu wrote:
             | gluten itself doesn't seem to be the problem for many ppl,
             | but it opens the pores in the gut lining and lets other
             | allergens through. There's another one glutinin on which
             | there isn't much research, seems to have same effect.
        
         | atleastoptimal wrote:
         | We need to make up an severe allergy to single-family zoning
        
         | saulrh wrote:
         | This is absolutely the case - in software, accessibility
         | features are in many cases identical to power user and
         | engineering quality features. Color-theme support is necessary
         | functionality for color vision deficiency modes, labels and
         | tags on UI elements enable screen-readers just as much as they
         | enable automated testing suites, configurable keybindings make
         | it easier to get your app working with assistive input devices.
         | It's such a strong relationship that even bigcorps know it's a
         | thing; I got talks about it during Google employee trainings.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | The opposite, dark patterns, are an accessibility nightmare.
        
             | saulrh wrote:
             | Yeah. If you ever thought it was annoying to have to spend
             | two hours on the phone to get Comcast to cancel your
             | internet, imagine how much it would suck to try to do that
             | with a sign language interpreter sitting next to you, or
             | with text-to-speech and speech-to-text systems in the loop.
        
           | spanktheuser wrote:
           | If anyone needs further convincing, remember that the journey
           | from power user to experiencing disability is inevitable
           | (age-related sensory & skeletal-muscular decline) and in some
           | cases, abrupt (traffic accident, keyboard/mouse related RSI).
           | We all eventually benefit from accessibility features.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | Speaking of productionalizing and economies of scale... I
         | sometimes imagine an especially enlightened* medieval king
         | would subsidize certain operations for peasants, just to
         | improve the state of the art for whenever he himself might need
         | it.
         | 
         | * But presumably not so enlightened as to transition the
         | structure of government.
        
       | ocschwar wrote:
       | Marshal McLuhan's book Understanding Media had the full title
       | "Understanding media: the extensions of man."
       | 
       | And he had a chapter about the automobile.
       | 
       | If you've ever had the chilling experience of a skid, the
       | terrifying adrenaline surge during that second where it is clear
       | the car is no longer under your control, you know the dude was
       | onto something. The car is an extension of our bodies. An extra
       | body part.
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | "extended cognition" is the generalization of this concept as
         | defined in academia (cognitive science and the like).
         | 
         | I had a very vivid experience while backpacking on acid: I
         | fully comprehended the cyborg nature I had adopted by carrying
         | all the resources necessary to sustain life _on my person_. The
         | hose pumping water into the organs best suited to deal with it,
         | the extra deployable shelter I had stashed away, the ability to
         | isolate more water from harmful pathogens for continued
         | sustenance, on-demand flame and vessel to cook foods that would
         | otherwise be inedible /undigestable, etc.
         | 
         | Your cognitive processes reorganize themselves around those new
         | affordances you've provided for yourself, and you can
         | reasonably say you're thinking _with_ those faculties and not
         | merely _of_ them.
        
         | albert_e wrote:
         | I have pressed an imaginary "brake pedal" with my foot many
         | times when travelling as a passenger in vehicles with someone
         | else driving, just because i was watching the traffic and
         | sensed the need to slow down.
         | 
         | Another instancee --
         | 
         | In my country growing up we didnt always have "blinkers" on our
         | vehicles (light motorbikes, scooters, bicycles) -- so it was
         | common to use "hand signals" to indicate your intention to turn
         | right or left. I once did "hand signal" when WALKING along a
         | corridor and had to turn right into another corridor / aisle.
        
           | aworks wrote:
           | I have a Jeep and do the "Jeep Wave" when I drive past other
           | Jeeps. It's mostly an automatic gesture.
           | 
           | When I go out for a walk on the street, I have to fight the
           | urge to wave when I see a Jeep.
        
           | dave4420 wrote:
           | The number of times I've tried to use my keys to get through
           | a ticket barrier... or my Oyster card to unlock my front
           | door...
        
       | klipklop wrote:
       | How does this even work and where can I get one?
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | It works by pressing a button under your big toe.
        
           | extheat wrote:
           | I'm not sure if it's intentional or not, but this seems to be
           | barely discussed, and the page reads more like an slick
           | advertisement. There is a paragraph expert about it and it's
           | mentioned at start of the video but I don't see anywhere
           | showing how the full device is setup or how it looks. From
           | the images/video b-roll alone it seems almost as if the wrist
           | bad is what's controlling it and not your toe. Not to nitpick
           | of course, just makes things seem a bit rather misleading.
        
             | superb_dev wrote:
             | > There is a paragraph expert about it and it's mentioned
             | at start of the video...
             | 
             | So you got told up front? Doesn't sound very misleading
        
         | sexy_seedbox wrote:
         | Featured last December on Great Big Story, "Upgrade Your Hand
         | With This Extra Thumb":
         | 
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fIuEw_q1ZQE
        
       | bediger4000 wrote:
       | I'm interested in what ways brains might evolve if they had these
       | extra body parts naturally. What would a 4 armed person with 20
       | fingers do to a "motor homunculus"?
        
       | teeray wrote:
       | I wonder if they don't even need to be like traditional body
       | parts like thumbs. Perhaps like octopus tentacles with claws on
       | the end...
        
         | tonynator wrote:
         | How would you build a controllable tentacle? Here they control
         | the thumb with two toes. An octopus tentacle would be way more
         | complicated. Maybe with a Neuralink
        
           | sebazzz wrote:
           | Isn't our tongue a similar thing?
        
         | briansm wrote:
         | I'm wondering if you could get so used to it over time you
         | would develop a 'ghost limb' syndrome, i.e. some
         | discomfort/itching/confusion when the appendage is taken off.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | I think you mean 'phantom limb'.
        
         | sapphire_tomb wrote:
         | Dani, whom the article mentions, has also worked on prosthetic
         | arm replacements which are indeed modelled on tentacles. I
         | don't have a link to hand but I'm sure some use of your
         | favourite search engine would show this for you.
        
           | saagarjha wrote:
           | I am unsure I want to search for images of tentacle arm
           | replacements.
        
             | sapphire_tomb wrote:
             | Coward. https://www.daniclodedesign.com/thevine20
        
               | rhelz wrote:
               | Why, oh why do I have to click on every link I see????
        
       | Taniwha wrote:
       | I broke my Achilles tendon - had to have a FULL reconstruction -
       | they took a tendon that used to help waggle my big toe (the
       | muscle is in my leg) wrapped around my heel and back up my leg
       | and rebuilt my achilles around that - now I have a muscle that
       | used to wiggle my toe than moves my entire foot.
       | 
       | How hard was it to relearn? at first I'd try to move my toe and
       | something else would move, it felt weird - but doctor's orders
       | were essentially don't do anything for 3 months, bed rest and
       | keep the leg raised - all the muscles turned to jelly ... then
       | months of physio, in the pool and then in the gym - at that
       | point, once I started moving stuff again my brain had adjusted -
       | that muscle moves my foot, not my toe - I didn't have to do
       | anything explicitly to make it change, it just did
        
         | djtango wrote:
         | Yes - I'm learning singing at the moment and just the other day
         | the teacher fed back - don't try to over-conceptualise what
         | you're doing. Just do it, focus on the outcome, stay relaxed
         | and the body will figure it out.
         | 
         | I've been through enough learning cycles to appreciate this but
         | this was a real hurdle for me when I was young because my
         | default was to rely on systems and rules. Ironically as a
         | swimmer my biggest breakthroughs in speed and technique as a
         | teenager were intuition borne out through thousands of hours of
         | repetition but it took me many many more years and a very good
         | piano teacher to conceptualise the art of not conceptualising.
        
           | resonious wrote:
           | Similar here. For a very long time, I thought that being good
           | at something was knowing the system and rules, and applying
           | them consciously every time. It's funny because I legit
           | thought that that's what I was doing while playing video
           | games or doing martial arts (the only things I was reasonably
           | good at for quite awhile). It turns out the learning and
           | doing processes are both deeply subconscious; very little
           | goes on in the conscious mind during both.
        
             | smogcutter wrote:
             | Developing that automaticity with a physical skill also
             | unlocks the brain to do other parts that _are_ conscious.
             | 
             | After a game, Lebron James can explain what happened in a
             | play moment by moment for every player on the floor, and
             | everything he was thinking and planning as the play
             | developed. He's done it in post game press conferences off
             | the top of his head.
             | 
             | Granted he's maybe the all time greatest, but it's
             | illustrative. He's not thinking at all about how his body
             | is going to do what it does. That's completely automatic.
             | He's thinking a _lot_ about the higher level strategy of
             | the game.
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | Fully agree that mastery allows you to broaden out /
               | think at a higher level. I guess that's the "meta"
               | 
               | I recently read a post about how Nadal gets an unfair
               | stereotype of being brutish due to play style but from a
               | young age in his post match interviews (in Spanish) we
               | would refer to specific points in the match and give
               | critical analysis for how he made adjustments etc.
        
               | cromulent wrote:
               | Consistent with many technical sports such as Formula One
               | motor racing. Ask a driver to talk about the race, during
               | which they are driving a vehicle at levels normal humans
               | could not approach, and they describe not the driving but
               | the tactics and strategy within the physics window.
        
             | divan wrote:
             | There is a new shift in the understanding of coaching in
             | sports called the Constraints-Led Approach (CLA). It's both
             | super nerdy and practical (i.e., based on practitioners'
             | empiric experience). Basically, it sees the body as a
             | complex system of organs/tissues/cells that tries to solve
             | movement problem under the pressure of different
             | constraints. In a simple words, coaching then is the art of
             | creating/manipulating constraints in order to optimize that
             | search for the solution to the movement problem.
             | 
             | In a way, it's way deeper than "subconscious". A large
             | portion of the science behind CLA is based on Nikolai
             | Bernstein's works from the 1930-s (the guy who coined the
             | term "biomechanics"). He wrote about the hierarchical model
             | of motor control, where 5 different systems (that
             | evolutionary are completely different) must work in synergy
             | to solve the movement problem.
             | 
             | There is a great book that explains the science behind CLA
             | called "How we learn to move" by Rob Gray.
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | Yes constraints are great. My piano teacher would
               | basically just repeat to me like mantra:
               | 
               | - was it legato?
               | 
               | - were you playing free from tension?
               | 
               | - was your tone even?
               | 
               | - were you in time?
               | 
               | Very rarely would he actually ever tell me anything. And
               | whenever I'd ask for more or feedback he'd just loop back
               | to the questions and ask if I was _actually_ listening to
               | myself play. It was a very frustrating start but
               | eventually it all clicked what he was doing was teaching
               | me to understand my own constraints and then also
               | understand what are the outcomes I am aiming to achieve -
               | if I can 't hear how even my own touch is how will I ever
               | play evenly.
               | 
               | Was the most valuable coaching I ever got and was
               | probably life changing for me in terms of levelling up my
               | ability to learn new things.
               | 
               | Prior to meeting him I held the belief there was a
               | "perfect way to play" the piano and would occasionally
               | peruse books and videos on the subject. Of course, as my
               | teacher was keen to point out, no body is the same so how
               | can two anatomically different pianists play with the
               | same technique?
               | 
               | If you have small hands so much of the repertoire will be
               | different vs if you have rach hands
        
               | divan wrote:
               | Great points! I've seen a couple of papers on CLA for
               | music learning, but CLA is a subset of so-called "non-
               | linear pedagogy", so maybe music education has its own
               | "branch" of it, so to speak.
               | 
               | > I held the belief there was a "perfect way to play" the
               | piano
               | 
               | Yes, CLA is actively debunking the myth of a "perfect
               | technique" which is very popular in sports. Like a
               | coach/teacher is one who knows the "perfect" way, and
               | their job is to make students repeat an exercise over and
               | over again, fixing deviations from "perfect" technique.
               | This couldn't be more wrong according to CLA.
               | 
               | Already mentioned Bernstein introduced the concept of
               | "repetition without repetition", which claims that
               | repetition is important in learning but for a different
               | reason. Each attempt of a movement will have slightly
               | different "inputs" - constraints - and thus can't have a
               | single "perfect" technique that will work for all
               | variations of inputs. Each repetition will be slightly
               | different (hence "without repetition"), and the goal of
               | the proper learning process is to give the body enough
               | "input data" to _discover_ the proper movement solution.
               | 
               | It's important to note that "constraints" is a wide term
               | here, and there are few classes of constraints. Task and
               | goal given to the student are constraints, so the size of
               | the hand or level of fatigue. Even environment
               | temperature, mental state, and light conditions are
               | constraints.
               | 
               | Another important concept in CLA is action-perception
               | coupling rooted in James Gibson's theory of perception.
               | This one was mindblowing to me when I first read it. In
               | essence, the brain perceives the world not as a set of
               | geometric objects but as "actionable" items. What you can
               | do directly influences how you see the world. That has
               | direct implications for learning as well - mastering any
               | skill (including playing a musical instrument) is coupled
               | with perception, as your body has to react to how it
               | sees/hears the result of its own movements.
               | 
               | But the core of CLA as an educational philosophy lays in
               | acknowledging that the actual learning still has to
               | happen inside your nervous system. You can't really
               | "teach" a skill, only facilitate a discovery inside the
               | student's body.
               | 
               | It's really fascinating how it all works in practice. One
               | related concept in motor skill acquisition science is the
               | Method of Error Amplification (MAE). Let's say, golf
               | players make a fundamental error of not shifting weight
               | onto the back foot after swinging. Instead of giving them
               | verbal instruction "Shift weight to the back foot", coach
               | might do the opposite - ask them to move weight to the
               | *front foot*. This will increase the error, which will
               | amplify the signal in the nervous system and the body
               | will react to it as it now feels "more wrong" by itself.
               | It's not super clear to which types of errors MAE is
               | applicable, but the research on MAE is fascinating.
        
             | djtango wrote:
             | On rules and applying them I am always reminded of this
             | quote from Bruce Lee:
             | 
             | "Before I learned the art, a punch was just a punch, and a
             | kick, just a kick. After I learned the art, a punch was no
             | longer a punch, a kick, no longer a kick. Now that I
             | understand the art, a punch is just a punch and a kick is
             | just a kick."
             | 
             | As applicable to fighting as it is programming. You will
             | see it in high level sports - athletes will do all kinds of
             | unorthodox things from weird positions to eke out a result,
             | because the result is all that matters.
        
           | jcul wrote:
           | Maybe not really the same thing, but for some reason it
           | reminds me of learning to roll your Rs, when learning Spanish
           | or Italian as an English speaker.
           | 
           | When you try too hard to make the sound it doesn't really
           | work.
           | 
           | But then after a while it just happens as you don't think
           | about and are just speaking with natives.
        
         | asabla wrote:
         | The human body is so wild with things like this.
         | 
         | What happened to your toe? Did you loose the capability to move
         | it individually from the others?
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | No, turns out there are enough other muscles/tendons pulling
           | on it I haven't really missed it, there's nothing obvious I
           | can't do with it - I suspect the ones that pull it down are
           | more important than the ones that pull it up
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | When I was young, my first real experience with this was seeing
         | a black and white spiral optical illusion in a museum. I stared
         | at it for a bit, and then my brain adjusted and when I looked
         | away, it affected what I looked at.
         | 
         | I think my realization was that my brain didn't just do simple
         | things, it did complex in many dimensions to adapt and fix
         | things.
         | 
         | The same thing goes with your foot, and it goes way deeper than
         | we realize. It's probably not that one muscle, it is ALL the
         | muscles in the area working together to help you walk. I
         | wouldn't be surprised if there are 50 muscles involved.
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | The brain seems to do 90% error correction. Once you learn
           | how human vision _actually_ works it seems miraculous that it
           | works at all.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | That's true of so many things isn't? At my graduation (EE
             | as well as CS, is why it's relevant) I said to my dad that
             | I'm still completely baffled by the simplest AM radio,
             | forget WiFi.
             | 
             | I _understand_ it (especially then), but it 's just crazy
             | isn't it, that it actually works? Discovering/theorising
             | and then prototyping some of this fundamental stuff and
             | seeing that for the first time must have been absolutely
             | incredible.
        
             | cromulent wrote:
             | Related: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23591535
        
         | Taniwha wrote:
         | BTW - if you ever find yourself in a situation like this - do
         | the physio work, own doing it, no one's going to tell you to do
         | it more than you, and a good physio will give you a plan to
         | follow - in my case having access to a hot physio pool was the
         | big thing, an hour a day every day effectively I crawled in and
         | eventually walked away to the gym
        
           | cwillu wrote:
           | I had surgery to repair a shattered wrist; after the cast
           | came off, the surgeon said he'd follow up in 3 months to
           | start physio, but in the mean time as much as it hurts, I
           | can't break it by stretching.
           | 
           | So I spent every waking moment looking for motions that I
           | used to be able to do but which hurt when I started to do
           | them, and slowly working those motions despite the pain.
           | 
           | At the followup to start physio, the surgeon did a quick
           | range of motion check. His jaw literally dropped when I
           | demonstrated that I had recovered 95% range of motion without
           | pain, full flexibility. "You... don't have to come back."
        
           | technothrasher wrote:
           | When I went through PT a while ago for a shoulder injury, it
           | became pretty clear that the sessions with the professional
           | were only about 10% of the work. It's all on you to do the
           | large majority of the work between sessions.
        
         | fhe wrote:
         | I am amazed at whoever first thought of doing a reconstruction
         | like that...what was the inspiration? what evidence and
         | confidence did they have that it was going to work?
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | I have no idea who pioneered it - AFAIK this is what they
           | normally do for my case (was ~10 years ago)
           | 
           | BTW most achilles breaks are dealt with my putting them in a
           | boot to force the broken bits together and hope that they
           | heal in place - in my case we knew it was damaged but it
           | later broke and my GPs misdiagnosed it so it was broken for
           | ~6 months before we realised
        
         | 2wrist wrote:
         | Wow, that sounds a tough thing to go through. Hope you are
         | going in the right direction. I had a partial rupture of my
         | achilles 12 years ago and it is still different and still feels
         | like something I need to work around. But I have adapted.
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | Mostly, I've had issues with scar tissue - this is an
           | operation where you want scar tissue forming in the right
           | places, but not the wrong ones, so I've had a couple of minor
           | ops which seems to have fixed it - mostly now it feels tight
           | (they put it in too tight on purpose, a bunch of physio is
           | stretching it to the right length, starts with an adjustable
           | moon boot, a bit of a medieval torture device that slowly
           | stretches it) - if you stretch too far they can't undo it
           | without opening it up
           | 
           | I can hike reasonable distances (multiple kilometres),
           | running not so much a thing - I feel incredibly lucky I'm
           | doing as well as I am
           | 
           | I'm very aware that if I break it again I'm probably screwed
           | (and all I originally did was step in a hole, nothing
           | strenuous) so I'm generally careful
        
         | deaddodo wrote:
         | I think if you just exit your subjective perspective, this type
         | of adaptation becomes obvious. What is using a game controller,
         | keyboard + mouse, bicycle handlebars, snowboard, etc _but_
         | augmentation. Yeah, it 's designed to be ergonomic from the
         | outset, but that doesn't change the fact that it is an augment.
        
           | unshavedyak wrote:
           | Agreed. Furthermore, it feels uniquely weird when a scenario
           | comes up where these "external augmentations" don't behave
           | correctly. I often experience this when putting my laptop in
           | the center of my normal desk setup. I'll instinctively go to
           | move my laptop's mouse cursor via my desk mouse, and suddenly
           | it doesn't work. For a brief moment it feels paralyzing, as
           | if my arm is dead or etc.
        
           | mech422 wrote:
           | There was some research after the Vietnam war to provide
           | blind veterans with a device on their back that used a matrix
           | of 'pins' to 'draw' the output of a video camera on the users
           | back..
           | 
           | Supposedly, it worked quite well - wearers got VERY good
           | navigating with it and seemed to like the tech overall. Not
           | sure why it disappeared - cost (it was probably made from
           | pretty pricey tech for the time)? Weight ? battery life ?
        
         | mechhacker wrote:
         | Nowhere near as extreme but I broke my leg and there was a
         | weird sensation if I touched my leg near the break, my toes
         | would tingle even though they were quite a ways away. Years
         | later, it no longer does that and feels normal in that area.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | So can you not move your toe anymore?
        
       | crooked-v wrote:
       | I'm reminded of the VR furries pushing forwards computer
       | accessibility tech:
       | https://x.com/Neon_woof/status/1746993539160920144
        
       | roschdal wrote:
       | It's a hack cludge, not an extra body part.
        
       | koolala wrote:
       | I started wearing a bath robe belt as a tail and my brain quickly
       | starts telling me I am wearing it when I am not. I also had a
       | phantom watch [?] on for a week after losing it.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | Sometimes I am stiff, and what I thought was my phone buzzing
         | is my hip creaking. lol
        
         | hnbad wrote:
         | Did HN start allowing emojis or did that one slip through the
         | cracks because it pre-dates the inclusion of Japanese emojis?
        
           | koolala wrote:
           | I can't believe this place bans cleverness and Unicode. Oh
           | wait this is a startup farm
        
             | wruza wrote:
             | Making a good forum is hard, so don't hate a forum that you
             | find worth visiting for how it works - that makes no sense
             | unless you're a forum guru or at least know a much better
             | place and want to share it.
        
               | koolala wrote:
               | sorry i cant read only english
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | There's a certain type of people that considers emoji
             | unserious and distracting and thinks they are detrimental
             | to nuanced and intelligent conversation.
             | 
             | Of course it doesn't follow that a lack of emojis is
             | sufficient to create nuanced and intelligent conversation
             | but said type of people also believes HN is tangibly
             | different from Reddit.
        
               | koolala wrote:
               | they remember old.reddit and digg. before that idk
        
           | saagarjha wrote:
           | There are certain blocks that are not caught by the filter.
        
             | koolala wrote:
             | What if alien planets filter their population like this
             | too? Jokers and vague ideaa get "berried" because people
             | downvote anything they don't understand.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | _Emoji_
           | 
           | Looks like a wingding to me, let's just have it maybe.
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | It's an emoji. On my machine it renders in color and in the
             | same style as other emojis. There are a number of emojis
             | that use pre-existing Unicode glyphs. If I remember
             | correctly there are control characters to opt-in/opt-out of
             | emoji style presentation for these characters.
        
           | jowea wrote:
           | Testing [?]
           | 
           | https://emojipedia.org/watch says it's from 1993 Unicode 1.1
           | 
           | But the other emojis from that group seem to mostly not work.
        
             | koolala wrote:
             | Today was June 2, 2024. Unicode watch still works.
        
           | bobsmooth wrote:
           | >Watch was approved as part of Unicode 1.1 in 1993 and added
           | to Emoji 1.0 in 2015.
           | 
           | https://emojipedia.org/watch#technical
        
         | miika wrote:
         | I quit using Oura ring and it took almost two years until I
         | didn't have that feeling in my finger that something was
         | missing. With Apple Watch it took half year.
         | 
         | Makes me wonder maybe brain adapts faster when you add
         | something, and it takes longer to adapt for loss? Also maybe
         | finger took longer time as there are more nerves there?
        
           | koolala wrote:
           | I like this hypothesis:)
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | I can second this. My fursuit has a large tail that uses a
         | kidney belt. I can feel where my tail is without thinking about
         | it. When it curls under me, I use the back of my foot to push
         | out of the way.
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | The early demos from ctrl labs (aquired by facebook) were VERY
       | interesting.
       | 
       | They put a sensor band around the forearm and used machine
       | learning to interpret the electrical signals the brain was
       | sending.
       | 
       | They were able to interpret intent to move before actual
       | movement. they apparently had a perfect keyboard, but you didn't
       | have to actually move your fingers.
       | 
       | What was interesting is that one of the guys working there had
       | figured out how to have a third arm.
       | 
       | can't find the article. this is close:
       | 
       | https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/6/17433516/ctrl-labs-brain-c...
        
       | smokel wrote:
       | I once saw a documentary on a haptic compass, built from some
       | rumble packs. It allowed people to improve their way-finding
       | skills, and if I recall correctly, people accustomed to the idea
       | of having this extra sense after about a week or so.
       | 
       | I can't easily find the original research (somewhere in the
       | 1990s), but several hackers and artists have rebuilt or
       | rediscovered the idea.
       | 
       | See for example https://blinry.org/compass-belt/
        
         | saulrh wrote:
         | https://www.noisebridge.net/images/9/91/Jne5_4_r02.pdf and
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bach-y-Rita are probably
         | what you're looking for.
        
         | benvan wrote:
         | This was a particular passion project of mine a while back. I
         | tried building a haptic compass that could be worn on the wrist
         | and discovered that that the actual haptics mattered a lot.
         | Vibration didn't work at all for me (I couldn't internalise the
         | feeling - however much the intensity modulated it just felt
         | like buzzing) but ended up using a kind of trick of directional
         | "tick" lines to represent proximity to North - which felt
         | almost instantly familiar.
         | 
         | I never finished the project, but love this idea!
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/7UaAwTuahWo?si=YFBq1trurHq0P7i-
        
           | slazaro wrote:
           | That's so cool! I can imagine it kind of feels like when you
           | have a wheel that you can turn with your fingers and it kind
           | of "snaps" into place at regular intervals, like your body
           | rotation is snapping into a cardinal direction.
           | 
           | Have you thought about trying something similar using
           | Android? Taking the compass and doing small short vibration
           | blips, you can also pair them with sound and light for
           | testing or reinforcing it. Although I can imagine that the
           | compass is not very accurate and the vibration control on
           | Android is probably all over the place in terms of
           | consistency between devices. But being able to have it as
           | something compact that you probably already carry around
           | could make it real-life useful.
           | 
           | I can imagine it being an assistance when it's in your pocket
           | and it passively keeps feeding you the blips, you could use
           | the proximity detection to make it only do that when in your
           | pocket, for instance.
        
         | jcul wrote:
         | Reminds me of when people used to get magnet implants in their
         | fingers so they could sense electric fields.
        
           | coretx wrote:
           | People are still doing this and although results may vary
           | significantly from person to person, there is actually
           | utility to it. One friend of mine was saved from electric
           | shock during his work on multiple occasions, thanks to his
           | extra sense. Bioproofed neodymium implants can even be
           | sourced from shady Chinese vendors at a very low price,
           | indicating a certain level of demand. The only hurdle is
           | finding someone willing to operate on you; some tattoo shop
           | backroom is often a solution...
        
         | wruza wrote:
         | I vaguely remember one of them being sad after the experiment
         | ended, since it felt like they lost one of their natural
         | senses. Slight ethical concerns were raised, afair.
        
         | DenisM wrote:
         | Would be cool to build one into a baseball hat.
         | 
         | Or even put an array of car parking proximity sensors into that
         | hat. https://www.kit.edu/kit/english/pi_2016_003_feeling-
         | spaces-w...
        
       | telesilla wrote:
       | As a musician I can agree with this - I'm not playing an
       | instrument right now as I type but I can fully 'feel' what it
       | would be to be playing, that extension is such a tight
       | connection. I feel the same way on a bicycle when I'm in a wide
       | open area I can really zoom around on, it's like I have wings.
        
       | jeroenvlek wrote:
       | Interesting article, corroborated by half a century of video
       | games.
        
       | sambeau wrote:
       | This is a rather good YouTube documentary about it.
       | 
       | "Bionic 3rd thumb: The future of human augmentation | Hard Reset"
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ba4YklRq0Po
        
       | rm445 wrote:
       | I can imagine exactly what that thumb would feel like if it was
       | integrated with my nervous system. Wondering how common this is.
       | 
       | When I was a very small child, I was fascinated by the sensation
       | of different body parts - the way touching each finger in turn
       | compares to the next, and the way the opposite side has a similar
       | range of sensations. It feels like I know exactly how it would
       | feel to have a sixth, seventh finger in sequence with the others.
       | I imagine that having a second right arm grafted below my current
       | one would have the 'right' but 'lower' feeling and I could use it
       | immediately. But there's no way to test whether this is just a
       | childish imagining that has stayed with me.
        
       | aszantu wrote:
       | now I want one :(
        
       | bsza wrote:
       | > The Third Thumb is worn on the opposite side of the palm to the
       | biological thumb and controlled by a pressure sensor placed under
       | each big toe or foot
       | 
       | IANAD, but I wonder what it would feel like to control it with
       | the palmaris longus [0] instead. From what I understand, it
       | doesn't really have an important role (14% of people don't even
       | have it), and it's close to the skin, so an EMG could pick it up.
       | It's also closer to the fingers, so it might be more intuitive to
       | learn to repurpose it.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmaris_longus_muscle
        
       | ddingus wrote:
       | When I saw the third thumb, one use case stood right out:
       | 
       | Holding cell phones!
       | 
       | I bet you can picture it too. That third thumb and fingers
       | capture the phone leaving your standard thumb to input text with
       | ease.
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | Tangentially related - I hit my head last year and lost almost
       | all low frequency hearing on my left side. (I had an existing
       | loss, and had almost no high frequency hearing on the other side
       | already.) Everyone sounded like a chipmunk for a while. A year
       | in, and I am no longer subjectively aware of any difference. I
       | still struggle with direction - which way is that siren? But
       | music sounds like it used to, subjectively. People who I know
       | sound familiar - exactly like they used to. But I have trouble
       | identifying the sex of new people on the phone now. It's very
       | surreal how stable my subjective experience of reality remained,
       | how the brain has sort of just patched over the missing bits. The
       | reports about how people can become accustomed to glasses that
       | flip vision in just days, etc., are much more believable to me
       | now.
        
       | makerdiety wrote:
       | Seriously. How to acquire and manage an extra set of eyes? How to
       | install a mini-map capability onto your daily person?
       | 
       | I'm thinking about cameras connected to a network where a server
       | computer performs as the central hub for information and control.
       | The set of cameras are mounted on drones or something and you
       | have to control the drones (since artificial intelligence is
       | still a tricky problem to solve).
       | 
       | The problem to solve is getting over not just control but
       | constantly receiving new information types and pathways. Instead
       | of the photo receptors in the human eyeballs, you now have in
       | addition to your old eyes digital information from an array of
       | cameras. You have the drones for taking the cameras with you
       | everywhere you go. A whole lot of new stuff gets dumped on you
       | and you're now basically undergoing physical therapy for a new
       | organism or species.
       | 
       | Maybe twitching your tongue becomes a new daily occurrence? Or
       | how about some hand signals forming to trigger indexed movements
       | (a mapping between signals and output responses stored in the
       | networked system's central database)? This is maybe how commands
       | are sent. And that means you need an increase in power production
       | for supporting the new infrastructure of your new lifestyle. And
       | it will look like a gross hack in the end. Not that clean and
       | sleek looking stuff you see in the movies. I guess pioneering is
       | rough and rugged like that?
       | 
       | Sending commands is the easy part. But reading information, on
       | top of the baseline of daily living, seems to create an
       | information overload situation, yes? Because how to do remote
       | control if you can't see what it is that you're remotely
       | controlling? It's not simple like flying an RC drone. It's
       | augmentation of all aspects of RC drone flying.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | they should test these augmentation techs on people who ride
       | horses as it requires using thought and micro gestures to operate
       | an entire second body in real time using each limb independently.
        
         | jcul wrote:
         | I used to feel similar about riding a motorcycle.
         | 
         | Of course it's not the same as it's a machine, not a living
         | animal your are communicating with.
         | 
         | But so much it feels like it becomes an extension of your body
         | and you just move by pure thought.
         | 
         | Similar to using a game controller I guess but more of a whole
         | body experience.
        
           | motohagiography wrote:
           | good observation, motorcycles are definitely the next closest
           | thing as far as complete machine extensions of the body go
           | vs. say, surfing or snowboarding where the body is unmediated
           | by the engine or gyroscopic feedback in its relationship to
           | gravity.
           | 
           | the difference between an animal and an instrument is in the
           | expression of intent that is parsed by another being. the
           | sensors interpreted by a computer are a feedback mechanism
           | more like a thermostat or ABS, but now with AI we're starting
           | to challenge our understanding of those differences.
        
         | cromulent wrote:
         | This is an excellent observation. Dressage (for example) is a
         | set of evolutionary constraints about controlling a 600kg
         | similarly trained million dollar animal through tiny movements
         | (mostly in your thighs and buttocks) in order to win
         | prestigious prizes including Olympic medals.
         | 
         | The horses react with puzzlement if you are not trained to a
         | similar level - if you are a junior rider, expert horses are
         | incompatible.
        
       | RebelMonk wrote:
       | I was one of the lab rats for this - I signed up so I could get a
       | copy of my brain scan.
       | 
       | I found it quite easy to move blocks around, more complex tasks
       | with more fine control was a bit harder but possible with even a
       | limited amount of time. The only time I struggled was when trying
       | to do anything with the thumb while walking on a treadmill -
       | which should be expected when controlling a device with your
       | toes!
        
       | wruza wrote:
       | We (sort of) have dozens if not hundreds extra body parts -
       | muscles. Most people cannot move their ears or nostrils
       | separately, have limited mimics, cannot do tricks with poker
       | chips or show someone their ring finger without securing their
       | pinky somehow. That's because we treat our groups of muscles as a
       | whole. It takes time to learn to separate them and counteract
       | tensions. Maybe it's the same process?
        
       | SillyUsername wrote:
       | They should make the schematics and source available so we can
       | all try this. A quick 3D print plus a couple of ESP32s and analog
       | switches might be all it needs.
        
       | poikroequ wrote:
       | No doubt the human brain is incredibly adaptive, and there are
       | seemingly countless examples of this. Even for people with severe
       | brain damage, who lose some portion of their brain, are able to
       | adapt.
       | 
       | Different parts of the brain can be adapted to serve different
       | purposes. For people who are blind or deaf, these regions of the
       | brain will likely be adapted to serve different purposes.
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | I can wiggle my ears (only slightly) which is fairly unusual.
       | 
       | I don't have a tail, but I can almost "feel" or visualise the
       | commands I would send down my spine to make it move side to side.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | My big question is how you get input to work. Could you just put
       | a patch on some unimportant bit of skin, let's say a 4"x4" area
       | on your back, and use that patch to deliver tactile information
       | from the thumb in some systematic way? Would it eventually start
       | feeling like it was coming from the thumb?
        
       | jesprenj wrote:
       | I'm interested whether the device mentioned has some haptic
       | feedback for the user; can the user feel the resistive force when
       | they grab an item?
        
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