[HN Gopher] The Forgotten History of Chinese Keyboards
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Forgotten History of Chinese Keyboards
        
       Author : mfiguiere
       Score  : 117 points
       Date   : 2024-05-31 16:55 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | See also " _How the quest to type Chinese on a QWERTY keyboard
       | created autocomplete_ ":
       | https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/05/27/1092876/type-chi...
       | 
       | (via https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40548356, but no
       | comments there)
        
       | upon_drumhead wrote:
       | Radiolab also did an excellent podcast on the topic
       | 
       | https://radiolab.org/podcast/wubi-effect
        
         | grendelt wrote:
         | That one was so good. I was completely ignorant of the topic
         | before that episode aired.
        
       | mjklin wrote:
       | No mention of the competing MingKwai typewriter of Lin Yutang,
       | the famous popularizer of Chinese culture to the west. Apparently
       | his prototype suffered an embarrassing failure at an investor
       | meeting and couldn't get off the ground. But the idea was good.
       | Article here: https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-uncanny-
       | keyboard/
        
         | omoikane wrote:
         | Lin Yutang had a few patents related to this typewriter, I
         | believe this is the main one:
         | 
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US2613795A/
         | 
         | The idea of searching for characters via parts is similar to
         | how Cangjie input method selects characters from radicals. I
         | read somewhere that Cangjie input method was indeed inspired by
         | Ming Kwai typewriter, but I can't find the citation for it.
        
       | asdasdsddd wrote:
       | > like Chairman Mao Zedong, who seemed to equate Chinese
       | modernization with the Romanization of Chinese script
       | 
       | One of Mao's better ideas
        
         | alexlur wrote:
         | Thank God it didn't happen.
        
           | wolfgangbabad wrote:
           | Vietnamese is relatively OK.
        
             | acwan93 wrote:
             | Relatively. The amount of diacritics on Vietnamese
             | surpasses European languages so text rendering becomes a
             | challenge if a naive developer doesn't test with
             | Vietnamese.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | Is bringing back Chu Nom script going to simplify
               | Vietnamese support on computers by a lot? It's
               | unintelligible to CJK users, but as far as text rendering
               | goes, it seems just simple Kanji/Hanzi.
        
             | alexlur wrote:
             | Chu Nom is a borrowed writing system and not native to
             | Vietnamese, which isn't even a Sino-Tibetan language to
             | begin with.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Latin is a borrowed writing system not native to English,
               | German, Polish and many others which aren't even Romance
               | languages to begin with and must resort to di- and
               | trigraphs _plus_ non-Latin characters like J, V, ss, l or
               | a, among others (not to mention diacritics).
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | Alphabets are much more flexible than the Chinese
               | characters.
               | 
               | An alphabet can be adapted to basically any language. You
               | just have to map the letters to the sounds, and you're
               | pretty much done.
               | 
               | By contrast, the Chinese writing system is adapted very
               | specifically to the properties of Chinese language. Every
               | syllable in Chinese has a meaning (or set of meanings),
               | so every character represents one meaning (or a few).
               | English does not have that structure: words can have very
               | arbitrary syllables that don't have any meaning on their
               | own. Chinese characters encode a meaning plus a sound,
               | which is often reflected in how they're composed (i.e., a
               | character will often be composed of two simpler
               | characters, one of which has the correct meaning and one
               | of which has the correct sound). Chinese words do not
               | change form: there's no conjugation, no plural form, etc.
               | As a consequence, the writing system has no way to deal
               | with things like conjugation.
               | 
               | I have no idea how one would even begin trying to adapt
               | Chinese characters to write English. On the other hand,
               | it's relatively easy to come up with a way to write
               | Chinese in any alphabet.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | "A" is just "O" stacked on top of "A" though. And "V" is
               | in fact the OG Latin form ("U" is the newly introduced
               | one).
               | 
               | But yeah, the whole notion is kinda silly. Most writing
               | systems in the world are developed from very few
               | originals. E.g. for most of Eurasia, the source is either
               | Egyptian hieroglyphs or the Shang Oracle bone script.
        
           | asdasdsddd wrote:
           | pinyin is the best thing that happened to the language after
           | simplification.
           | 
           | Not only did it propel literacy rates to basically 100%, but
           | it added a phonetic component to the language
        
             | alexlur wrote:
             | Again, this is a very mainland-centric view. Hong Kong has
             | never simplified their writing system or even developed a
             | proper romanization, and yet has consistently one of the
             | highest literacy rates in the world. Guess what helped
             | literacy? Post-war socioeconomic development like poverty
             | reduction, mass education and industrialization.
             | 
             | > it added a phonetic component to the language
             | 
             | Fanqie has been a thing since the 2nd century. Zhuyin was
             | invented in 1913.
        
               | charlieyu1 wrote:
               | Agreed. I have seen kids from mainland China spending
               | lots of time learning pinyin while kids from Hong Kong at
               | the same age can already write some characters and
               | pronounce the words accurately
        
             | vunderba wrote:
             | Uh... no. Bopomofo which is used in Taiwan is a phonetic
             | script that is used as a popular IME.
             | 
             | And simplification's only "arguable merit" is that it saves
             | a fortune in ink at the expense of losing its historical
             | roots. But guess what? We mostly use computers now. So
             | great job Mao, now we have two competing standards. (Nod to
             | XKCD).
             | 
             | Unrelated but to those of us who started with Fan Ti Zi ,
             | simplified just looks ugly. (Long  vs Long )
        
               | rjh29 wrote:
               | I feel like Japanese strikes the right balance, no ugly
               | oversimplified characters but making common kanji easier
               | to write for children (Guo -Guo , Ying -Ying )
               | 
               | For example Long  is a fairly common simplification of
               | Long  and imo not nearly as ugly
        
               | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
               | Yeah except hiragana and especially katakana both look
               | ugly though.
        
               | iforgotpassword wrote:
               | Sure traditional looks nicer, but holy fuck is writing it
               | (by hand) ever annoying. When I asked friends who grew up
               | with the traditional characters about it they said a lot
               | of people use some form of simplification when taking
               | notes or leaving messages for friends/family. People from
               | mainland seem to only shorten words by omitting
               | characters of longer words, if at all.
               | 
               | And about losing the historical roots, I guess if you're
               | interested in it, the characters will always be there and
               | accessible for you to study. I'd be interested how much
               | the average Joe from Taiwan really remembers about random
               | characters' roots, composition and meaning. I know much
               | more people from the mainland, and among them are people
               | who don't give shit, and those who can also write a lot
               | of traditional characters and give lectures about the
               | origin of meaning of some character and whatnot.
               | 
               | Also, since this is about computers after all, I've seen
               | a study a while ago about from mainland where they tested
               | how many mistakes people make writing less common
               | characters. There was a bar chart that went down between
               | 10 and 20ish, then went up a bit and started to go down
               | again at around 30. It was speculated that people in
               | school still have to write a lot by hand, and
               | during/after college that stops and everything has been
               | digital for a decade now so people just forget again, but
               | folks old enough to have used pen and paper for a couple
               | decades just had enough practice. I wonder if this effect
               | would be more or less pronounced with traditional
               | characters.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | Simplification is just bad. It removes too much that it
             | breaks ability for non-speakers to infer meanings.
             | Complexity of letter shapes is irrelevant to ease of use in
             | computer usage, so it's just a massive loss.
        
               | rurban wrote:
               | Worked out excellent for Korean (Hangul) though. Also
               | English.
               | 
               | Both massive wins
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | I don't think it did for Korean, though I need input from
               | speakers to be sure. From my experience, Korean MT
               | routinely stops halfway through inputs and dumps
               | nonsensical phonetic transcripts, likely from failing to
               | identify words. I suspect they were just being
               | complaisant to American influence in postwar years.
               | Computers failing to even isolate and match words in this
               | day and age is not a sign of an excellent working script.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | Translation needs phonetic transcription to handle proper
               | names. If there are words that may or may not be proper
               | names depending on context, machine translation will
               | guess the context wrong at least some of the time and
               | phonetically transcribe what should be translated, or
               | translate names that should be transcribed.
               | 
               | The problem also can also happen when translating from
               | English, if you think about all the surnames that are
               | occupations, or names like "bill" or "lily."
               | Capitalization usually helps disambiguate, but there's
               | title case and all caps and people who never capitalize
               | anything...
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | Simplified Chinese characters are already difficult
               | enough for foreigners to learn. Making them learn
               | traditional characters would just be sadistic.
        
               | fjdjshsh wrote:
               | >it breaks ability for non-speakers to infer meanings
               | 
               | Not sure what you mean by this. Do you mean that it's
               | less convenient for people that don't speak / read
               | Chinese? Why would that be a relevant metric?
               | 
               | You may be missing that character standards have changed
               | over time and that different writing styles (Cao Shu
               | ,Xing Shu ) are implicitly simplifications. You can think
               | of latin or Russian cursive as a simplification of the
               | printed letters.
               | 
               | In practice, the phonetic component has been mangled /
               | evolved over time, so simplification doesn't make things
               | more or less difficult for students (be it 5 year old
               | native speakers or 50 year old non native speakers).
        
             | ogurechny wrote:
             | "Literacy rate" is just a bureaucratic index. It was
             | increased in most countries with mostly the same measures,
             | no matter which their writing system was. If look closely,
             | "literacy" meant "making mass of workers and soldiers
             | capable of following basic instructions", and there often
             | was not much for them to read except for parroted
             | propaganda (obviously, I'm not talking about China
             | specifically, as it has been the same everywhere).
        
           | z2 wrote:
           | Much of the simplification adopted shorthand already in
           | common use, which is why Japanese shinjitai simplification
           | independently arrived at many similar characters and
           | patterns. The second simplification round was an abysmal
           | newspeak-esque failure, and thank goodness _that_ wasn't
           | adopted either.
        
           | publicola1990 wrote:
           | The Vietnamese romanized their writing, they seems to be
           | doing fine.
        
         | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
         | Romanization of Chinese writing was already proposed during the
         | New Culture movement in the 1910s-20s. China's most famous
         | modern writer supported it.
         | 
         | However, the Chinese language has evolved alongside the
         | characters for about 3000 years, and it's very difficult to
         | just separate the two. A huge amount of culture is bound up
         | with the characters. Not only that, but the Romanized writing
         | system is viewed as something that only little children use (as
         | an aid to learn the characters). Once you've put in the effort
         | to learn the characters (as about a billion people have), it's
         | very difficult to accept their replacement by what is viewed as
         | a script for children.
        
           | asdasdsddd wrote:
           | Almost all digital communication is written using pinyin,
           | which today is almost all written communication
        
             | alexlur wrote:
             | This is an extremely mainland-centric view. Cangjie is the
             | dominant IME in Hong Kong.
        
               | asdasdsddd wrote:
               | That's why I said almost all
        
               | alexlur wrote:
               | It's only almost all if you only interact with the
               | millennials or younger. Pinyin is an IME for Mandarin. If
               | you aren't fluent in Mandarin, chances are you use voice
               | input or stroke typing.
        
               | causality0 wrote:
               | Why shouldn't it be mainland-centric? Mainland China is
               | 99.5 percent of the population of China. That's like
               | refuting a claim about Americans by calling it "a very
               | non-Pennsylvanian view".
        
               | alexlur wrote:
               | Because China is not the only place where Chinese
               | languages are spoken. There's more than 10 million ethnic
               | Chinese in Southeast Asia alone. And it's not only a
               | mainland-centric view: it's a mainland-Mandarin speaking
               | centric view.
        
             | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
             | Pinyin is used as input to select characters, but the final
             | text that's used to communicate is composed of characters.
        
           | mchaver wrote:
           | The nice thing about Chinese is information density of
           | writing. Something nice about seeing how much information can
           | be squeezed into a small space. Feels like you front load
           | more on the learning side, but get rewarded when reading and
           | scanning texts. Not sure how much scientific evidence is
           | behind that, just an anecdotal observation. Relatively few
           | Chinese speakers want to give up characters.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | > information density of writing
             | 
             | I feel like a proper comparison would not be number of
             | characters, but a kind of pixel-budget, assuming both meet
             | a certain reading speed and accuracy rate.
        
               | user982 wrote:
               | I was reading a Wikipedia page
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Metal_Colossi) and
               | was struck by the difference in length of the Chinese
               | quotes and translations. E.g.:                 Shou Tian
               | Xia Bing , Ju Zhi Xian Yang , Xiao Yi Wei Zhong Ju Jin
               | Ren Shi Er , Zhong Ge Qian Shi , Zhi Ting Gong Zhong . Yi
               | Fa Du Heng Shi Zhang Chi . Che Tong Gui . Shu Tong Wen Zi
               | .
               | 
               | was translated into                 He collected the
               | weapons of All-Under-Heaven in Xianyang, and cast them
               | into twelve bronze figures of the type of bell stands,
               | each 1000 dan [about 30 tons] in weight, and displayed
               | them in the palace. He unified the law, weights and
               | measurements, standardized the axle width of carriages,
               | and standardized the writing system.
        
               | cwilby wrote:
               | I just started learning Chinese about 2 months ago, to me
               | it seems they stuff whole concepts into characters.
               | 
               | For example,
               | 
               | "Qu " (pronounced "Qu") is "going to the". "Chao Shi "
               | (prounced "Chao Shi") is "supermarket" "Qu Chao Shi "
               | (pronounced "Qu Chao Shi") is "going to the supermarket".
               | 
               | 3 syllables vs 7 syllables.
               | 
               | To me, it seems that instead of composing letters into
               | words to convey meaning, they have more letters that are
               | mini-words unto themselves.
        
               | mook wrote:
               | Don't forget all the abbreviation. "Chao Shi ",
               | supermarket, is abbreviated from "Chao Ji ", super, and
               | "Shi Chang ", market. The equivalent in English would be
               | "sup-mark" or something along those lines. (Or in
               | Japanese, just "super".)
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Since we're now talking about verbal rather than written:
               | 
               | > No matter how fast or slow, how simple or complex, each
               | language gravitated toward an average rate of 39.15 bits
               | per second, they report today in Science Advances.
               | 
               | -- https://www.science.org/content/article/human-speech-
               | may-hav...
        
               | yongjik wrote:
               | I don't speak Chinese, but my understanding is that it's
               | not a totally fair comparison: classical Chinese text was
               | often highly abbreviated, to such a degree that you have
               | to be an expert historian to interpret it correctly.
               | 
               | For example, the characters comprising your example text
               | starts like:
               | 
               | collect (Shou ) [from] [all] soldiers (Bing ) under the
               | sky (Tian Xia ), gather (Ju ) at(?) (Zhi ) Xianyang (Xian
               | Yang ), melt (Xiao ) and (Yi ) become(?) (Wei ) bell-
               | stand (Zhong Ju ) metal (Jin ) person (Ren ) twelve (Shi
               | Er ) ...
               | 
               | As you can see, the English "translation" is more like an
               | annotated translation. E.g., the original doesn't say who
               | did it, or what he collected from soldiers: we just
               | inferred "weapon" because what else could be melted into
               | statues?
               | 
               | Similarly, "standardized the axle width of carriages" is
               | just: cart (Che ) same (Tong ) axle width (Gui ). We're
               | supposed to infer "standardized" because we are talking
               | about the Emperor's deeds.
        
             | xanderlewis wrote:
             | I'm not sure how much evidence there is for that either --
             | a Chinese friend couldn't believe that I could just look at
             | a paragraph of English and instantly know roughly what it
             | was about; she, despite her fluency in written English,
             | thought only Chinese characters would allow for such rapid
             | comprehension.
             | 
             | It's certainly denser, though. And I agree about the front-
             | loading of learning. It's like learning vi. An absolute
             | pain at first, then very comfortable.
        
               | rjh29 wrote:
               | I don't think (for me) chinese or english reading is
               | particularly different. In both cases you're scanning
               | whole blocks (words, phrases) at a time. Sometimes I feel
               | like I read Chinese slower purely because of how dense it
               | is.
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | Yeah. That was pretty much my point -- no native speaker
               | is even looking at each letter (or even each word), wnlch
               | js wzy yxu cyn upigemqand thws siktsmce wjtdut mnrh of a
               | ptublim. Each word is its own shape, much like how
               | Chinese speakers aren't looking at each stroke.
        
               | mchaver wrote:
               | Much like in English you can pull out lots of vowels and
               | still read the text, you can cover up the about bottom
               | 40% of the characters in a sentence and still read it.
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | Here is wonderful article by John DeFrancis on the topic:
           | 
           | The Prospects for Chinese Writing Reform (2006)
           | 
           | https://sino-
           | platonic.org/complete/spp171_chinese_writing_re...
           | 
           | It is cited frequently.
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | > _However, the Chinese language has evolved alongside the
           | characters for about 3000 years, and it 's very difficult to
           | just separate the two. A huge amount of culture is bound up
           | with the characters._
           | 
           | How did that work out for Korea when they switched to Hangul?
        
             | alexlur wrote:
             | They are not comparable. The Chinese script was tailor-made
             | for Chinese languages, while it was simply adopted by the
             | Koreans, which arguably was a bad fit because it's 1)
             | agglutinative and 2) not even a Sino-Tibetan language. Even
             | then hanja is still part of the national education
             | curriculum today (look up hanmun gyoyugyong gico hanja).
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | Prewar Korean written script used Japanese style Kanji for
             | nouns intermeshed between Hangul phonetics. Postwar, under
             | US influence they transitioned into all-Hangul phonetic
             | language, but IMO it looks a big regression in their
             | communication ability due to resulting arrays of pure
             | homonyms.
             | 
             | They rely purely on context to distinguish {"apples",
             | "apologies"}, {"mayor", "market"}, {"stomach", "ship",
             | "pear", "double"}, {"acting", "delays", "smoke"} so on and
             | so forth if what I'm scrolling is right. There's no tonal
             | or character distinction. That surely isn't great.
        
               | yongjik wrote:
               | I don't know where you got the idea of "under US
               | influence", but mixed Korean/Chinese character writing
               | was common in South Korea well into 1980s, long after
               | Korea became its own country. For example, in 1987, the
               | newly founded Hankyoreh newspaper made a splash by
               | deliberately writing all articles in pure Korean script,
               | which was not the norm until then.
               | 
               | Gradually more books and newspapers followed suit,
               | because pretty much everybody found that writing
               | everything in Korean letters actually make communication
               | less ambiguous and easier to understand. If your phrase
               | is ambiguous between whether someone's offering apples or
               | apologies, then you just change the word or add
               | additional context to make it clear which one is being
               | offered. It's no different from how English speakers deal
               | with bear/bear, tear/tear, arm/arm, ground/ground, and so
               | on.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Pure Hangul was used for a long time before then, just
               | not in any kind of official capacity after Sejong. But
               | e.g. most "women's literature" would be written in it.
               | 
               | And back when it was first introduced, it certainly did
               | wonders for literacy. Although it should be noted that
               | original Hangul was more phonemic wrt its contemporary
               | Korean, and the letter shapes were a bit simpler as well.
        
       | acheong08 wrote:
       | "Safari can't open the page because the address is invalid"
       | 
       | How strange.
       | 
       | More on topic: Considering how inefficient Chinese characters are
       | in general (but especially evident in computing) as one of the
       | few languages where characters have no direct relation to
       | phonetics, I wonder why there hasn't been an effort to modernize
       | it similar to Hiragana in Japan. Well, considering how Chinese is
       | basically Kanji, why not just adopt Japanese?
        
         | alexlur wrote:
         | > how inefficient Chinese characters are in general (but
         | especially evident in computing)
         | 
         | We are not in the 90s anymore. UTF-8 has been around for 32
         | years now. If you're working for a system that has no UTF-8
         | support, you have a much bigger problem to worry about.
         | 
         | > characters have no direct relation to phonetics
         | 
         | Most characters are phono-semantic where one part of the
         | character is a phonetic hint and the other is a semantic hint.
         | 
         | > modernize it similar to Hiragana
         | 
         | Hiragana isn't and wasn't intended to replace kanji (unless you
         | are from the fringe Kanamozikai). It serves a different
         | grammatical purpose and is complementary to the other two. Kana
         | is useful for an agglutinating language like Japanese, but not
         | Chinese languages.
        
           | shiomiru wrote:
           | > Kana is useful for an agglutinating language like Japanese,
           | but not Chinese languages.
           | 
           | FWIW, the Japanese did develop a kana-based system for
           | Taiwanese during the occupation, but it was an
           | abomination.[1]
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_kana
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | I think one of statements with respect to CJK languages that
           | has to be made more often is that each of the languages has
           | own numerous dialects with dubious mutual intelligibilities,
           | e.g. Tsugaru and Kagoshima dialects against standard
           | Japanese.
           | 
           | The phrase "a language is a dialect with an army" often
           | appears in topic of Asian languages, and causing frictions
           | between CJK non-speakers wondering about compatibilities
           | between the three and speakers showing near vile dissents to
           | those questions. While I understand both sides of these
           | sentiments, the situation is not ideal for both sides.
           | 
           | IMO, it might be weird to refer to these languages as
           | "Beijing Tokyo Seoul" languages, but doing so
           | occasionally(just _occasionally_ ) could create more tangible
           | feel as to why these three seem to exist side by side so
           | utterly disconnected against each others.
        
         | highwind wrote:
         | I'm guessing you are not familiar with how Chinese characters
         | work nor how Japanese Hiragana or Kanji work.
        
           | karma_pharmer wrote:
           | This is not a helpful comment.
        
           | acheong08 wrote:
           | Well obviously not. Posting a dumb question tends to return
           | some very helpful responses
        
         | canjobear wrote:
         | There were various attempts to develop an organic phonetic
         | writing system for Chinese, like hiragana for Japanese, for
         | example Bopomofo (still used in Taiwan) and General Chinese
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Chinese). The Simplified
         | characters that you see on the mainland today were originally
         | part of a multi-phase scheme to eventually replace characters
         | altogether, but the second phase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
         | /Second_round_of_simplified_Chi...) was bungled so badly that
         | it didn't continue. In practice Pinyin is the standard phonetic
         | writing now and is used when people can't remember a character.
        
         | tdeck wrote:
         | > one of the few languages where characters have no direct
         | relation to phonetics
         | 
         | nit: It's not accurate to say that the characters have no
         | direct relation to phonetics. Thousands of them are semanto-
         | phonetic compounds, meaning they combine a character relating
         | to the word's (or syllable's) meaning with a character relating
         | to pronunciation. Sinitic languages tend to have a lot of
         | homophones or near-homophones, so this approach works
         | reasonably well as a memory aid once you've memorized a bunch
         | of the basic characters.
         | 
         | One problem is that many of the pronunciations have drifted
         | from the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the words. Also, some
         | of them have been simplified in Simplified Chinese which makes
         | the components a bit harder to discern.
         | 
         | I've been learning some Cantonese recently and this is very
         | apparent with certain common Cantonese words. For example, the
         | first-person pronoun in Cantonese is pronounced ngo, with a
         | low-rising tone, and written like this:
         | 
         | Wo  https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/1/
         | 
         | The word for goose in Cantonese is also "ngo", but with a
         | different tone. Here's the character for that:
         | 
         | E
         | https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/1200...
         | 
         | If you enlarge it, you'll see that the left side is the same Wo
         | from before. The right side is Niao , which means "bird"
         | (https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/161/).
         | So if you saw this character and knew the basic characters for
         | the pronouns and the word "bird", and you spoke Cantonese,
         | you'd be able to easily understand what it meant.
         | 
         | Here's another one. The word "ngo" with still a different tone
         | means "hungry". How do we write it?
         | 
         | E :
         | https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/740/
         | 
         | In this one the phonetic component is on the right instead,
         | which is a bit inconsistent. The left side is this:
         | 
         | Shi :
         | https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/116/
         | 
         | What does Shi  mean? It's the verb "to eat". So if you saw this
         | E  character and knew a couple of other basic characters, you
         | could figure out that it's the word "ngo6" meaning "hungry".
         | Many of the characters still work like this although the sound
         | shift I mentioned above means that some work in some Chinese
         | languages and not others.
        
           | hker wrote:
           | Native Cantonese speaker here, glad that you are interested
           | in learning Cantonese.
           | 
           | I am working with other volunteers to improve Cantonese
           | teaching, and wonder what difficulties you have encountered
           | when learning Cantonese, and what materials or communities
           | would be helpful for Cantonese learners.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | > why not just adopt Japanese
         | 
         | Because Japanese characters have no direct relation to Chinese
         | phonetics. Both belong to different dialect continuums,
         | phonetics aren't compatible.
         | 
         | And I suspect same might explain lack of native Chinese
         | phonetic script; `Chinese` isn't a single spoken language, but
         | what is called as such is its Beijing area version of one of
         | Chinese(or Sinitic) languages. The written language was
         | universally understood in China due to bureaucratic needs, but
         | AIUI it's not same as spoken language and it's not necessarily
         | used everywhere. Maybe they just had little uses for a
         | standardized phonetic script?
         | 
         | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_Chinese
        
           | barronli wrote:
           | It is still very useful to standardize the pronunciations,
           | since people with different dialects had to meet especially
           | those officials in government. There was "yayan" for this
           | purpose.
           | 
           | https://en.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yayan
        
         | faitswulff wrote:
         | There are a lot of underlying assumptions here:
         | 
         | 1. That Chinese writing is inherently inefficient. It's
         | actually very efficient...to _read._ And nothing beats the
         | efficiency of having a script that maps perfectly to the
         | language. Also as sibling comment notes, UTF-8 is a thing.
         | 
         | 2. That there is no relation between written characters and
         | phonetics. Incorrect, as several sibling comments point out.
         | 
         | 3. That Japanese kana represents a successful "modernization"
         | of kanji that Chinese should emulate.
         | 
         | 4. That Chinese is "basically kanji" - assuming the Chinese and
         | Japanese languages are essentially interchangeable. They...are
         | not. I can't even begin to emphasize how much they are not.
         | Chinese is subject-verb-object while Japanese is subject-
         | object-verb, for instance. Chinese also has many phonemes that
         | are incompatible with Japanese, which would not be covered in
         | hiragana. Finally, kanji came from Chinese and has subtle
         | differences and while it is mostly a subset of Chinese hanz, it
         | has its own slightly different character set
        
           | alexlur wrote:
           | It's really bizarre to see someone claim kana has anything to
           | do with "modernization". The Japanese modernization and
           | industrialization period is famously associated with
           | translating Western concepts and terminologies into _Sinitic
           | words_ that later spread to China, Korea and Vietnam.
        
             | rjh29 wrote:
             | That was true like 100 years ago, but nowadays katakana
             | words are extremely popular and increasingly used over
             | their Sinitic counterparts, so I feel it's a valid
             | argument.
             | 
             | Also it's not uncommon for words like roGuo (Lu Guo )to be
             | written in part kanji especially in news... if that trend
             | continues beyond the Chang Yong  kanji we might end up with
             | a Japanese that is closer to Korean.
        
               | alexlur wrote:
               | The modernization argument only makes sense if your
               | society is economically or militarily inferior to the
               | society you want to emulate. It was the case 100 years
               | ago, but not today.
               | 
               | The Japanese economy has been stagnant for over 30 years
               | with no end in sight. Following the same logic, Japan
               | should perhaps "modernize" their language by following
               | China, which is a ridiculous conclusion as you can tell.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | GP is making understandable misunderstanding due to how the
           | three Far East countries are presented in the world at large,
           | that there are three countries in Asia that practically
           | touches each others, just like Germany is with Belgium and
           | Netherlands in Europe.
           | 
           | Tokyo from Beijing(2000km/1200mi) is about as far out as
           | Paris to Kyiv. Far East countries are also separated by seas,
           | like Mediterranean countries across the sea. I doubt a lot of
           | Parisians have meaningful ideas of "basically Latin"
           | Ukrainian any way or form, or Italians with Tunisian, but
           | there's such false instinct that forms out of above-mentioned
           | presentation that those Asians are rather next door
           | neighbors.
           | 
           | That and mistaking personal difficulties and inefficiencies
           | associated with understanding languages in non-native manners
           | as inferiority of the foreign one.
        
         | vunderba wrote:
         | Non-native speakers who suggest that countries arbitrarily
         | modernize or change their language remind me of non-musicians
         | who come around with a new replacement for traditional sheet
         | music. Even if it was a good idea, which in this case it's
         | patently not, it's just not gonna happen.
         | 
         | It's a failure to recognize that languages (which I would rank
         | music a kind of) evolve organically, and outside of some edge
         | cases, like Esperanto, they're not artificially created in a
         | vacuum.
        
         | sho_hn wrote:
         | See https://sino-
         | platonic.org/complete/spp171_chinese_writing_re...
        
       | tonetegeatinst wrote:
       | Asianometry has a good video on this if my memory serves me
       | right.
        
       | geraldwhen wrote:
       | I find it humorous that Ying  was described as a difficult
       | character in the article. It's like 3 radicals and the character
       | for bird.
       | 
       | Perhaps it's difficult to render in tiny Latin alphabet font, but
       | if you have any Japanese or Chinese study under you, you could
       | read and reproduce that nearly instantly on sight.
        
         | surrTurr wrote:
         | i think he meant difficult in the sense that it consists of
         | many strokes, not in the sense how difficult it is to remember.
         | however, one could argue that there are many other, more
         | complex to write, kanji than Ying
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | It interesting to consider that both Japan and China might have
       | been prevent from ever being first with general purpose
       | computers. ASCII, and other encoding schemes, only needed to make
       | provisions for less than 200 characters, making it possible to
       | implement with the limited storage and memory available to early
       | computers. The shear amount of characters in some languages, like
       | Chinese may have served as a distraction or roadblock for early
       | computers in the those countries.
        
         | igammarays wrote:
         | Makes you wonder what limitations of our own language and
         | culture are preventing us from inventing certain things?
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | In an alternative history timeline it might be true.
         | 
         | In our timeline I highly doubt whether it was the main reason
         | why general purpose computers didn't happen first in China or
         | Japan.
        
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