[HN Gopher] How actors remember their lines
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How actors remember their lines
        
       Author : pepys
       Score  : 483 points
       Date   : 2024-05-30 05:21 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thereader.mitpress.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thereader.mitpress.mit.edu)
        
       | ugh123 wrote:
       | Loved this quote from Michael Caine
       | 
       | >You must be able to stand there not thinking of that line. You
       | take it off the other actor's face. Otherwise, for your next
       | line, you're not listening and not free to respond naturally, to
       | act spontaneously.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | The Meisner repetition technique is such a powerful method of
         | teaching this.
         | 
         | The technique has two or more actors repeating the same lines
         | back and forth at each other, based on simple observation and
         | repetition. But what's really being said and communicated is
         | the subtext of how the actors sense and feel - not the words at
         | all.
         | 
         | Saying "you're wearing a blue shirt" might encode the thought
         | "I don't like the tone of your voice" or "you've got a nice
         | smile." And the other actor is meant to read that off of you
         | and respond in kind.
        
           | noufalibrahim wrote:
           | This is very interesting. Some lines which I remember from
           | movies, I rarely do so because of the words. It's almost
           | always because of the way it was delivered and the emotion or
           | "vibe" that it put out.
        
           | eszed wrote:
           | Oh, God. I can't stand Meisner work! I had to do a fair bit
           | of it in graduate school, and it never, ever clicked with me.
           | I could see it working for other actors, so I don't discount
           | it, but I find it tedious in the extreme. Can you tell me a
           | bit more about what you get out of it? What's your internal
           | experience of the repetition exercises?
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | > What's your internal experience of the repetition
             | exercises?
             | 
             | It's a lot like improv in that you establish an unspoken
             | protocol for exchanging lots of side channel information.
             | 
             | But unlike reading between the "yes, and" subtext to build
             | a narrative world and rules, you're taking in raw, full
             | sensory emotion in an intimate way by completely dropping
             | your own filters. Brains melded, firewall open. You have to
             | say what you see, what you understand, and what you feel.
             | And you have to tell the truth and not lie to yourself and
             | your partner.
             | 
             | It's as uncomfortable as staring into their eyes, until it
             | stops being uncomfortable. And you don't even have to be
             | looking at one another. You can hear it in their breathing
             | and the cracking of their voice. You know exactly how you
             | feel about everything with exacting precision. You're
             | uncomfortable and vulnerable and excited and anxious, and
             | you let them know.
             | 
             | Meisner removes all the social filters of the adult brain.
             | All the platitudes and the scar tissue of decades of
             | interacting with people in society. You stop judging and
             | worrying and just say and do what you feel. And you hear it
             | from them too, and you believe them because they're being
             | honest with both you and themselves.
             | 
             | You know if they're lying, because you've trained and can
             | sense it. And you'll call them out on it. They'll do the
             | same to you when you attempt to hide. They'll really dig
             | in. Once you're under that spotlight, there is no hiding.
             | You can go wherever you choose to go. It feels raw and
             | weird and more intimate than being with a lover.
             | 
             | With practice, "you're wearing a blue shirt" becomes "I
             | don't like how you look at him and smile, but when you look
             | at me you frown". And everyone cries and yells and things
             | get thrown.
             | 
             | On the spectrum of our robotic "how are you? / I'm fine,
             | and you?" programming and a raw and intense fight with a
             | lover, Meisner is the latter. Except you get to be that
             | authentic for the entire range of human emotions: good,
             | bad, happy, sad. A door to everything you could potentially
             | feel.
             | 
             | It's animalistic and completely cerebral. And it's real and
             | you live it. Sometimes you come away shaking.
        
               | eszed wrote:
               | Huh! That's my experience of performing, for sure, but
               | Meisner wasn't presented to me that way. One of the
               | teachers of a workshop I was in had studied with Meisner,
               | and had led (I think?) the London Meisner Institute, so I
               | figured I was getting it straight. She approached
               | repetition exercises more like intuitive textual analysis
               | - finding the subtext, as you (or someone else) said up-
               | thread. I've never had trouble supplying more subtext
               | than anyone could ever want, so that bit didn't do
               | anything much for me.
               | 
               | Neither did the crying and the yelling. I did too, just
               | so as not to be left out (crying and yelling is always
               | good fun), but they all took it so damn _seriously_ that
               | I wasn 't sure where the line was between useful work and
               | self-indulgence.
               | 
               | Oh, and also I think a professional actor ought to be
               | able to drop in without having to drag someone else
               | through ten minutes of repeating the first three words of
               | their lines back and forth until the syllables are
               | drained of all meaning. True story! I was as good a sport
               | about it as I could be, but gosh... It was drizzling, and
               | the lighting guy fucked off for tea, and I sure wished I
               | could too.
               | 
               | I know more direct ways to get students to drop their
               | inhibitions and tune into each other than repetitions.
               | (Oh, and the audience! Everything I've seen of Meisner
               | neglects the audience, and I think being aware of them is
               | really important for stage work. Camera, same, for screen
               | acting.)
               | 
               | Anyway, I'm sure I'm just missing something, and being
               | grumpy. Like I say, I've seen positive results for some
               | actors (though not the chick in the rain), so it's doing
               | _something_ , and I'm glad it works for you.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Good lord that sounds terrible.
               | 
               | From my understanding, the repetition exercise has always
               | been something taught to brand-new students in the first
               | month of acting classes, to demonstrate the difference
               | between reciting lines and saying things in a
               | spontaneous, believable manner. As well as to teach what
               | subtext is.
               | 
               | The idea that anyone would be doing the repetition
               | exercise after their first month of acting school baffles
               | me. It's not a technique that was ever intended for, or
               | should be used by, professional actors, as far as I've
               | ever understood it.
        
             | Keyframe wrote:
             | I can't tell from that angle, but having directed quite a
             | few actors over years, there's a big difference in actors
             | who've went to the workshops and internalized the process.
             | It just shows, for the better and you can spot them rather
             | quickly. Namely, you can tell they (for the better part)
             | react 'naturally' making the character far more believable.
             | Take what you will from this, but that has been my
             | experience.
        
               | eszed wrote:
               | That makes sense. Someone else down-thread says Meisner
               | isn't something they'd use after the beginner stage. I
               | think, by that point in my career, I'd internalized
               | enough of those lessons in other ways that it was kinda
               | pointless _for me_. If I were still teaching I might give
               | it a go with a beginner class - though I doubt I could
               | teach it with conviction, so I 'd probably call in
               | someone else for a day.
               | 
               | Like I say, I've noticed the same thing you have, so
               | there's clearly something there. I've just never "got
               | it", so it kinda fascinates me.
        
           | MrVandemar wrote:
           | This sounds like the basis for the "Baseline Test" in Blade-
           | Runner 2049. Fascinating write up here:
           | https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/blade-runner-2049-how-a-
           | key...
        
           | tapotatonumber9 wrote:
           | "These pretzels are making me thirsty!"
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | The Meisner _repetition_ technique, sure. (Although it just
           | doesn 't connect/resonate for a lot of actors.)
           | 
           | But the Meisner technique also teaches you to learn your
           | lines by rote, practicing them in a monotone, intentionally
           | devoid of meaning (the opposite of what this article
           | describes), under the theory that this will free you to add
           | spontaneous emotion in the moment.
           | 
           | Whereas in my experience that's a terrible approach. It makes
           | it vastly harder to learn the material (as this article
           | suggests), and then students tend to perform closer to a
           | monotone because that's how they practiced it and built an
           | unconscious habit of association -- _or_ once they 're able
           | to bring emotion to it they forget their lines because the
           | emotion was overwhelming and they don't have the lines "in
           | their bodies" connected to the emotions that are going on,
           | because they learned them by rote.
           | 
           | As you can tell, I'm not generally a fan of the Meisner
           | technique overall...
        
         | dbish wrote:
         | I love his way of putting it. Memorizing lines as a kid for
         | plays always felt easy but it's because of something like what
         | he describes.
         | 
         | My biggest play to memorize was as one of the leads of The
         | Importance of Being Earnest in high school and a big part of
         | knowing it end to end was how I memorize talks today, just
         | repeating it until you become the part, and feel like you know
         | "your part" not "the lines". You're not regurgitating lines,
         | you're stepping through and reacting based on a set of
         | information to a point where you don't even feel like you're
         | trying to react. This also helps a lot with improvising when
         | things go wrong since you're just following the flow your
         | character would with the stimuli, rather then having to step
         | line by line through. The worst people to act alongside were
         | the rote memorizers who would break that flow to go back to a
         | line that was missed or just freeze.
        
           | eszed wrote:
           | Yes, exactly! What's really exciting is that you will have
           | trained yourself to think your way through the material in
           | the same way that Wilde - or Shakespeare, or Beckett, or
           | whoever - did. It's mind-expanding, in the best possible way.
           | 
           | When I was in a classical piece I'd usually come off stage
           | speaking iambics or couplets for a while, without ever
           | meaning to.
        
         | bloak wrote:
         | That sounds great for the cinema: if it goes off the rails the
         | director can let it run for a bit if it looks some great improv
         | or else shout CUT if it doesn't. However, on the stage ... I'm
         | not so sure ... your fellow actors might not be so flexible and
         | you might need to help them. Also, stage drama doesn't
         | necessarily aim for the kind of "naturally" that is expected in
         | modern cinema: a lot of it is deliberately "theatrical" in one
         | way of another. The audience can't see a slightly raised
         | eyebrow so you can do some dramatic gesture with your arms for
         | the audience while slightly raising your eyebrow to communicate
         | something to your fellow actor. Perhaps. I don't have practical
         | experience of this. I'm just speculating. I expect someone will
         | tell me if I've got it all wrong.
        
           | the_af wrote:
           | > _However, on the stage ... I 'm not so sure ... your fellow
           | actors might not be so flexible and you might need to help
           | them._
           | 
           | Isn't this why they do stage rehearsals? Not so much to
           | memorize the lines, but to see how each plays off the other
           | actors. And it is while rehearsing that they can detect that
           | something "isn't working".
           | 
           | To me, what Michael Caine is saying seems _essential_ for the
           | stage, even more so than for cinema. For cinema, you can
           | reshoot if a line or interaction feels unnatural. For theater
           | you don 't have this luxury.
           | 
           | If you are saying out loud "memorized lines" you're really
           | not paying attention to the other actor. Some theater is
           | deliberately "artificial", but a lot isn't. And they
           | definitely want to play off what the other actors are saying,
           | otherwise it feels mechanical... which is what happens in
           | unprofessional or kids' plays, everyone is "reciting" and it
           | doesn't feel like a real play!
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | The tl;Dr is they do it by a massive investment in time and
       | brainpower, mechanistically or not. Michael Caine contextualises
       | it as living inside the characters mind.
       | 
       | We can recall bashful by context is true. The depth of context an
       | actor has to carry is far beyond that, it seems to go to
       | motivation, intent and meaning in deep ways.
       | 
       | The trope of an actor asking the director "what's my motivation"
       | when they're a redshirt and die in scene 2 may actually be ..
       | true: everyone probably has to know why they say what they say to
       | remember to say it well.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | I once asked a director "why do we spike the fine makeup
         | station in three different fine places for the three backstage
         | scenes?" and she replied "because the relationship between the
         | younger actor and older actor changes between those scenes: in
         | the first, the older is a mentor, and in the last, the younger
         | has eclipsed him, so the angle of the station to the audience,
         | literally upstaging the older actor, reflects his metaphorical
         | upstaging during their careers."
         | 
         | Not only did that make sense, but it's an example of _even the
         | scenery_ profiting from learning its motivation.
        
         | eszed wrote:
         | It's absolutely true, in the sense that everyone on stage /
         | screen needs a strong internal logic for why they're doing what
         | they're doing in order for that world to come to life.
         | 
         | It's a basically satirical trope in the sense that only a bad
         | and unprofessional actor would need to ask the director to tell
         | them what it should be!
         | 
         | Generally the translation goes the other way. The director
         | gives a external-result oriented note (like, "I need you to be
         | more frantic, here"), and then the actor comes up with the
         | reason why that would be the case.
        
       | ravirajx7 wrote:
       | Wow! Brilliant Read. I love how our mind loves to read and
       | visualize scripts and it's like in between infinite thoughts
       | going within. The time we repeat we think in some different way
       | thinking "Oh yeah! Now I understand this more".
       | 
       | Curious to know from the people who have read a lots and lots of
       | text or books or watched movies.
        
         | quartesixte wrote:
         | I have read a lot. And contemplative re-reading certain
         | passages or re-watching scenes truly does activate further
         | analysis. For your mind no longer has to decode the surface
         | layer and then has time to search for other patterns.
         | 
         | The more you read or watch the faster this becomes.
         | 
         | The neat part is when you can do a double or even triple
         | reading near instantaneously. It's a little trickier for films,
         | but still possible. I believe this is how your friends who are
         | really good at just breaking down meaning on first watch are
         | doing it --- they have gained media literacy skills that let
         | them take in scenes in a blink of an eye.
         | 
         | Practice your memory, and you can also hold past scenes in your
         | head as new scenes come up. New connections made there too.
         | 
         | Once I get started on a piece of fiction, I don't exactly see
         | the text anymore either -- my brain starts constructing a sort
         | of movie/diorama in my head and every subsequent sentence
         | builds it more and more. Makes reading fiction great and
         | emotional/symbolic analysis great but funnily enough makes me a
         | weak analyst of the language and craft itself. Made my years in
         | undergrad ironically challenging.
        
       | quartesixte wrote:
       | This resonates.
       | 
       | As a frequent public speaker and coach of others in public
       | speaking, the top priority is to just deeply understand the
       | material. The second priority is to create the habit write like
       | you publicly speak (i.e develop a style).
       | 
       | You put these together, and you have no choice but to explain it
       | the way you'd have written it anyways. This enforces resilience
       | against interruptions and allows for improvisation.
       | 
       | But this is hard. It requires two great efforts: to deeply
       | understand the material, and to craft a speaking/writing habit
       | that makes for powerful, public speaking.
       | 
       | It doesn't surprise me then, that actors do the same.
        
         | stdbrouw wrote:
         | I'd add to those the necessity to have some distance from the
         | material to avoid the recency effect. You can have that
         | distance either because you'll be talking about something you
         | haven't worked on for at least a couple of weeks, or because
         | you've developed an ability to retain a birds eye view and
         | adopt an outsider's perspective even when you're in the weeds.
         | A lot of academic talks go wrong because, although the speaker
         | deeply understands their topic, that teeny tiny detail that
         | they were fiddling with yesterday is really not the thing they
         | should try to communicate today, but they can't help
         | themselves. Yet ask that same person to talk about their
         | previous work, and you'll get a high quality impromptu
         | introduction to the field.
        
         | boerseth wrote:
         | I am reminded of Socrates, who lamented the practice of
         | memorization being replaced with writing. Today one might
         | dismiss this idea as silly, since memorization alone is
         | frequently associated with dumb parroting and regurgitation,
         | neither of which imply any depth of understanding.
         | 
         | But from this discussion, we see the old man may have been on
         | to something! If understanding something deeply is necessary in
         | order to memorize it well, then one might achieve understanding
         | as a secondary effect by aiming to memorize something by heart.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | > If understanding something deeply is necessary in order to
           | memorize it well, then one might achieve understanding as a
           | secondary effect by aiming to memorize something by heart.
           | 
           | I heard there are people who memorise the Quran without
           | knowing the slightest bit of Arabic?
           | 
           | And there's also the Kiwi chap, Nigel Richards, who memorised
           | the whole French Scrabble dictionary in order to win the
           | French world Scrabble championship, without learning any
           | French in the process.
           | 
           | (Whether you call what he did to the French word list
           | 'understanding' is up for debate, I guess. I am fairly sure
           | he went much deeper into understanding the underlying
           | probability distributions of letters in French words than
           | most speakers, but he couldn't read a newspaper.)
        
             | n4r9 wrote:
             | I went to a Saturday school for many of my childhood years,
             | as my dad wanted me to learn Arabic. They were bad at
             | teaching the language, but did get us to read the script
             | and memorise several Quran verses. You were supposed to get
             | "rewards" in heaven just for memorising without
             | understanding. To this day I can recite Al-Fatiha [0]
             | despite not understanding a word, being an atheist, and not
             | having prayed for maybe 15 years.
             | 
             | [0] https://myislam.org/surah-fatiha/
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | Same, as a kid there were a whole bunch of bible verses
               | to memorize, which was required. To this day I can recite
               | quite a few of them, and (despite now being an atheist) I
               | still occasionally have some of them pop into my head in
               | situations where it might be relevant. Memorization is an
               | extremely powerful tool, and particularly religions have
               | known and used this for millenia.
        
             | foolswisdom wrote:
             | It's possible to just memorize the words, of course. But
             | for myself, I find that very tedious and difficult to make
             | myself do (nor very worthwhile), and much prefer becoming
             | deeply acquainted with the text in order to memorize it.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Yes, understanding can help memorisation. I was merely
               | arguing against understanding being _necessary_.
        
               | ralferoo wrote:
               | Memorisation without understanding often ends up
               | producing things like Mariah Carey's classic hit "Ken
               | Lee".
        
             | rokhayakebe wrote:
             | _I heard there are people who memorise the Quran without
             | knowing the slightest bit of Arabic?_
             | 
             | True, I am doing this myself. 4 days a week and plan to
             | continue for the next 10 years. Memorized several pages so
             | far with a lot more to go without understanding any of it.
        
               | bratwurst3000 wrote:
               | May I ask why? I as an atheist did memorize some part of
               | the Bible for the fun of it but I understand the
               | language.
        
               | angra_mainyu wrote:
               | In Islam there's a certain reverence for memorizing the
               | Quran, unlike in Christianity.
               | 
               | In fact, being a Hafiz or your child being a Hafiz is a
               | point of pride.
               | 
               | This in part goes back to Islamic lore/history.
               | 
               | Another part is that there is the belief that there are
               | rewards associated with, being accompanied by angels
               | iirc.
        
               | rokhayakebe wrote:
               | Because it is important to me as a Muslim. Also it is
               | challenging, interesting, to try and memorize an entire
               | book.
        
               | StefanBatory wrote:
               | ... but wouldn't it make to learn classical Arabic
               | alongside with that?
        
           | loughnane wrote:
           | Memorization def gets a bad rap, for the reasons you mention.
           | 
           | Yet I bet most folks who have memorized a poem or a passage
           | ---out of an affinity for it, not when demanded by a teacher
           | ---know the value. Memorizing something means you can roll it
           | around in your head whenever you want, think about it from
           | this perspective or that, and let the brain really absorb the
           | ideas the words express.
           | 
           | It's good.
        
             | sizzzzlerz wrote:
             | I totally agree. I've spent time learning several poems of
             | Robert Service (The Cremation of Sam McGee, The Spell of
             | the Yukon, The Men Who Don't Fit In) because I've enjoyed
             | reading them. Now, I don't need a book, I just recall one
             | from memory any time I like. I'm not an actor so I had none
             | of the techniques that they would use to learn lines. It
             | was purely rote memorization through repeated readings and
             | recitation.
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | I agree, but I think it does depend on what the _objective_
             | is. If preserving the literal accuracy of the source
             | material is important, then memorization deserves it 's bad
             | rap and is worthy of much criticism.
             | 
             | That's not to say that people can't memorize things
             | accurately (there are plenty of kids who memorize Bible and
             | Quran verses verbatim for example that can easily disprove
             | that), but memories are fallible in ways that writing
             | isn't, particularly when it comes to comparing sources for
             | accuracy or historical value.
             | 
             | On the other hand, if the objective is to understand and
             | appreciate the source, even simply for personal edification
             | or enlightenment, then I agree completely: memorization is
             | a wonderful technique for doing so.
        
           | telesilla wrote:
           | This extraordinary book from Frances Yates explains how
           | before writing, scholars and story tellers would visualize
           | architecture so they could store memories in rooms, then they
           | would walk from room to room and recover memories, for
           | example to tell very long stories.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Memory
        
             | wanderingstan wrote:
             | Also covered in the more contemporary book _Moonwalking
             | with Einstein_ with its discussion of building one's own
             | "memory palace."
        
               | spitfire wrote:
               | Also referenced a number of times in the excellent
               | Hannibal series.
        
           | never_inline wrote:
           | Worth noting that India's oldest poetic/litergical
           | traditions, the Vedas, were transmitted orally for at least
           | 1500 years, and developed elaborate systems of memorization
           | and pronounceation to ensure they passed down (almost)
           | unmodified.
        
             | rokhayakebe wrote:
             | In Mauritania there is a village where most people who
             | lived there are blind. This is how they learn to memorizw
             | the Quran which is more than 600 pages, each have 15 lines.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I'm sure it's a tradeoff. Like adding a disk to a computer
           | that only had RAM.
           | 
           | You have access to many orders of magnitude more data, but it
           | is substantially slower to access it.
           | 
           | All considered, I'm glad we did the upgrade.
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | Similar to how using flash cards doesn't really help in
           | developing that deep understanding... but the action of
           | making them sure does.
        
           | teleforce wrote:
           | Fun facts, there is an important Islamic tradition where
           | group of people (tens or hundreds thousands of them) called
           | Hafiz memorize the entire Quran. If for example, God forbid,
           | that the entire written copies either physicallly or
           | digitally of the Quran are completely destroyed, it can be
           | recreated completely in no time. This practice is considered
           | a living miracle since no other holy book has this crucial
           | feature and it is also well known that even the Pope do not
           | memorize the complete Bible.
        
             | Pamar wrote:
             | Nitpicking Alert!!!
             | 
             | The Pope Should be more concerned about the Gospel, I
             | think.
        
             | HumblyTossed wrote:
             | I sincerely hope this doesn't get taken the wrong way but
             | this seems like a worldly solution to a Godly problem. Is
             | the God in the Quran not sovereign? Why would He need
             | humans to protect the Quran?
             | 
             | Again, not a critique, just a curiosity.
        
               | dasil003 wrote:
               | Because even when you're all powerful, it's hard to find
               | good help
        
             | mminer237 wrote:
             | The Bible is about ten times the length of the Quran
             | though. Some people like John Goetsch and Tom Meyer
             | currently have most of it memorized nonetheless, but
             | Christians largely believe that God will supernaturally
             | preserve the Bible no matter what, so memorization is just
             | for personal betterment and to better share it with others.
        
               | Salgat wrote:
               | To add, Jesus only commanded the spread of the Gospel,
               | and not the books or writing, but rather just teaching
               | about Jesus and how he provides salvation through his
               | sacrifice.
        
               | BizarroLand wrote:
               | After all, the point is not that a certain selection of
               | appropriate texts be considered the end all and be all of
               | existence, but rather that the Bible is supposed to be a
               | history of what other people did while under Gods rule
               | during their lives so that you can get an idea of how to
               | live under Gods rule in your life.
               | 
               | People get hung up on the dead past rather than the
               | living present. They say God is unchanging and eternal
               | and neglect that he built an ever-changing universe of
               | entropy for us to live in.
               | 
               | Even the "Gospel" means "Good News" or "Glad Tidings".
               | What good news comes from 2,000 year old texts? It's not
               | news at this point, it's history.
               | 
               | The Good News comes from people today choosing to be
               | better, to do better, to not oppress, to not commit evil
               | acts against others but to do good things to other
               | people, to say kind words from a good heart because they
               | believe in a better world coming tomorrow.
        
               | sorokod wrote:
               | Non of the gospels were written during his presumed
               | lifetime.
        
               | follower wrote:
               | > but Christians largely believe that God will
               | supernaturally preserve the Bible no matter what
               | 
               | You know, until you put it in this context, it hadn't
               | occurred to me how--from some perspectives--"convenient"
               | that is. :)
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | I mean. Bibles are everywhere. It is really hard to
               | imagine all of them getting destroyed all at once. Even
               | harder to imagine a scenario where that happens and yet
               | we have humans still around after that.
               | 
               | We have left one on the moon!
               | https://episcopalnewsservice.org/2019/07/19/the-only-
               | bible-o...
        
               | evilduck wrote:
               | I'm American and have spent the majority of my life in
               | the US, so limited perspective and all, but Bibles are
               | literally disposable here. There's plenty of instances of
               | overzealous churches setting up on a corner and forcing
               | cheap mass produced pocket-Bibles into the hands of
               | college students or pedestrians on the street who walk
               | past them. The Christians already have usable full sized
               | copies and will eventually realize they don't need a hard
               | to read $0.10 copy and the unreligious mostly don't want
               | it at all, neither group revere the physical item and
               | will commonly throw it away. Some Christians take even
               | take pride in showing off they have a well used Bible, to
               | the point that they purposefully let it get worn and
               | ragged. Eventually they will also just replace it with a
               | fresh copy. I think you could excavate any random
               | landfill in the US if you absolutely needed to retrieve a
               | few hundred intact copies of the Bible.
        
               | isleyaardvark wrote:
               | Also convenient that the church leaders 350 years later
               | chose the correct books to put in the Bible when they
               | canonized it.
        
             | rsaz wrote:
             | The Guru Granth Sahib Ji (GGSJ) has also been memorized by
             | some people. It's much rarer than in Islam, but the GGSJ
             | being written in verse with defined melodies/meter helps
             | with memorization. It is much longer than the Quran though,
             | and there isn't as much emphasis on memorizing the whole
             | thing (the daily prayers are commonly known though).
        
           | DowagerDave wrote:
           | and further complicating the situation is people like me who
           | write not to re-read, but understand, which then helps to
           | memorize. Circle complete!
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | This doesn't make much sense: actors don't write their
         | material, they are given it. They can't write like they speak,
         | and also they can't improvise
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | Actors (especially big names) can and do improvise all the
           | time, in almost all movies.
           | 
           | It's rare they say all lines exactly as in the script. In
           | fact often the script gets updated with ideas that came up
           | during shooting including improvised lines.
        
             | flkiwi wrote:
             | A fascinating topic around my family is the playwrights who
             | insist that the play be delivered precisely as written,
             | most of whom are the same playwrights who refuse to allow
             | genderswapping roles (even innocuously), updating pop
             | culture references, etc. They are not the norm, and pretty
             | much everyone understands that performance is as much a
             | part of the creative act as writing, with all the
             | deviations and imperfections that suggests. And that's
             | without even getting to the idea of consciously changing
             | the script midstream that you mentioned.
        
             | etse wrote:
             | Harrison Ford says, "I know," instead of "I love you, too"
             | (or something like that) in Empire Strikes Back's carbonite
             | freezing scene. That's an immensely significant and
             | meaningful update.
        
             | assimpleaspossi wrote:
             | Just because you hear that they do, doesn't mean it's
             | always allowed or that it will make it into the film.
             | 
             | Sometimes a line just isn't working and an actor or the
             | director or the writer or a grip will come up with
             | something that works and that's what you hear about. Those
             | are exceptions and not the rule.
             | 
             | The director has the final say. Often others higher up have
             | the final say. If he wants you to say the line as written,
             | you will say the line as written.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | I didn't say it's "always allowed". There are difficult
               | directors with very specific vision they want to express
               | 100%. It's that that is the exception and not the rule,
               | however.
               | 
               | In general it's more common that some lines will change
               | and be improvised by the actors, than not.
               | 
               | It's even practical, some lines come off as stiff when
               | the actors tell them verbatim, others just can't be
               | replicated in a longer emotionally charged scene (where
               | the flow and the emotions carry the performance), and so
               | on.
               | 
               | > _Often others higher up have the final say. If he wants
               | you to say the line as written, you will say the line as
               | written._
               | 
               | DUH!
        
           | breakfastduck wrote:
           | If you watch any side by side of a film audio / final and the
           | script you'll realise what you're saying simply isnt true.
           | 
           | It's very rare that a conversation scene mirrors the dialogue
           | exactly 1 to 1. Obviously there will be certain lines where
           | the director wants exact delivery but actors very often
           | deliver a slightly different line than as written.
           | 
           | If anything this frequency increases the higher level of
           | profile / skill the actor has.
           | 
           | There are countless examples where a director is asked about
           | scenes and defers the credit to the actors for improvising
           | something particularly well or coming up with a better line
           | to convey the same point - they are the ones, after all, in
           | charge of personifying the character that was written. They
           | may feel a different delivery suits the character better.
        
           | quartesixte wrote:
           | For actors it's slightly different, but the whole "becoming
           | the character" part is, to me, the "writing like they speak"
           | part. By fully inhabiting the character, they will be
           | compelled to speak in the manner written in the given
           | situation.
           | 
           | And as the other comments mention, actors very often do alter
           | the lines. Behind the scenes footage and interviews with
           | actors reveal this often happens because they think the
           | screenwriter/director got it wrong in that particular moment
           | -- that their character wouldn't respond like that.
           | 
           | The Han Solo example is a good one. Hours of takes saying "I
           | love you too" and then Harrison Ford has a flash of clarity
           | and realizes Han would NEVER respond like that. Calls for a
           | quick take, "becomes Han Solo", says "I know" and the rest is
           | history.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | I don't understand what does the "writing and speaking should
         | be the same" thing is supposed to achieve for public speakers.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | It means that if your speech is written in the way you
           | casually speak, it's easier to remember it (since you'll not
           | have to remember fancy words or turns of phrase that you
           | wouldn't normally use). The idea being that it's easier to
           | remember or reconstruct speech that comes natural anyway.
           | 
           | It will also be easier to improvise and fit the tone if you
           | forget what you were supposed to say.
           | 
           | Aside from the above, which are about memory, it's also good
           | for making it natural: you'll sound more authentic/natural
           | speaking as you normally do, than trying some fancy speech,
           | and it will also be easier to add off the cuff remarks that
           | also fit the tone, like an idea that occured in the moment,
           | or to respond to something that happens just before/while
           | speaking.
        
         | flkiwi wrote:
         | A few years ago, I came into the orbit of a public speaking
         | coach, and he and I worked together for a few weeks. Your
         | comment fascinates (and reassures) me, because he was emphatic
         | that I had to abandon my own natural way of speaking entirely,
         | and adopt a "persuasive persona" that sounded to me like a
         | Saturday Night Live parody of a TED talk. This has exactly the
         | opposite of the intended effect, because any anxiety I felt
         | about speaking was multiplied by my anxiety about how I sounded
         | and "staying in character". By comparison with the linked post,
         | however, I was attempting to stay in a character that I didn't
         | understand, with no thought given either to understanding what
         | I was saying or, crucially, understanding who I was speaking
         | to.
         | 
         | This got me thinking about the people who find value in his
         | style, and I realized that the consistent feature was that they
         | didn't care about understanding the material and, in some
         | cases, were so incapable of doing so that the notion wouldn't
         | occur to them. Not dumb, just not interested. They were simply
         | transactional, and almost always very, very scared of talking
         | in public, and this coach's method allowed them to get through
         | it.
         | 
         | This also helped me realize that I don't particularly suffer
         | from stage fright or public speaking anxiety, which has been a
         | benefit, though it's important to note how insignificant that
         | actually is. A family member has worked on stage with some
         | extremely successful actors, and it's REMARKABLE how many of
         | them have absolutely crushing stage fright. To me, that's more
         | interesting than the line-learning thing: you take a person,
         | someone most people in this thread would have heard of, and
         | imagine them hiding out in a bathroom because their terrified
         | of going onstage, then they get out there and utterly blow the
         | room away. Something about pretending to be someone else
         | unlocks so many actors.
         | 
         | This ties right back to my friction with this public speaking
         | coach, because he was attempting to coach me into playing
         | pretend, though without any empathy or understanding. So this
         | guy is producing two categories of students: people like me who
         | want to understand the material and the audience and simply
         | speak like a better version of ourselves, and people who sound
         | like they're selling you a car they've never driven but doing
         | so competently, checking more "good public speaker" boxes at a
         | superficial level.
         | 
         | I'm guessing the great actors and public speakers do both: love
         | the material AND love the act of becoming a person you want to
         | listen to.
        
           | gedy wrote:
           | > This ties right back to my friction with this public
           | speaking coach, because he was attempting to coach me into
           | playing pretend, though without any empathy or understanding.
           | 
           | This is my experience as well, and ironically mirrors my time
           | as a manager. I want to understand and empathize with people,
           | and there are managers and orgs who absolutely don't want
           | that, and want the "people who sound like they're selling you
           | a car"
        
           | quartesixte wrote:
           | Yeah I heavily disliked most public speaking coaches at
           | institutions precisely because of this.
           | 
           | FWIW, I mostly coach juniors at work who will brilliantly
           | describe their current project to me at their desk but then
           | fall apart in the conference room in front of peers and
           | seniors. Mostly it's because they're trying to recite some
           | prepared speech that doesn't sound like they normally talk
           | (often desperately trying to impress the room). So I tell
           | them their mastery of the material will impress the room and
           | you sound plenty fine when explaining it to me at your desk.
           | I don't have a full semester of instruction time to make them
           | develop a style -- I have one hour the day before the
           | meeting. So it doesn't produce great political orators. But
           | it does help produce people who can walk through some deep
           | technical work in front of their bosses.
           | 
           | >AND love the act of becoming a person you want to listen to.
           | 
           | And love that character too. That takes some self discovery,
           | experimentation, and practice. Which is why I referred to it
           | as a great effort.
           | 
           | Addendum: To give some credibility to my method, I often
           | point out to them that they sound their best when speaking
           | during data reviews. These are sessions where, following some
           | kind of test, engineers gather to review sensor outputs. You
           | have no time to prep a speech -- these are quickly assembled
           | within hours of a test and are very much often just a loose
           | collection of screenshots and quick annotations and the
           | engineer in question usually spends that time copy pasting
           | screenshots or driving back from a test site.
           | 
           | But once it's their turn to talk about some really obscure
           | looking line graph, they will deliver some great, great
           | public speaking. Why? They've spent the last 6 hours staring
           | at this graph and know deeply how to interpret it.
           | 
           | By the way, this has given me reason to believe that
           | Investment Banking decks largely are just to force junior
           | associates to undergo the above process.
        
       | grondilu wrote:
       | My experience with learning chess openings is comparable :
       | repetition is necessary but not sufficient. You need to "work" on
       | each line, thinking deeply about each one and trying to find
       | associations either between them or with things you already know.
        
       | _glass wrote:
       | When I was beginning acting, I was mostly afraid of this,
       | memorizing the script. But then after getting experience from
       | fellow actors and reading up on method, I realized how easy that
       | part is. You anyway approach the script slowly, first maybe even
       | using your own words. This way the words flow naturally later on.
       | I was never afraid of the script, just about inauthentic acting,
       | which really can happen. You have to deeply immerse yourself in
       | the emotional world.
        
       | Paddywack wrote:
       | Mmmm. I think I intuitively study like this, but I often have
       | issues recalling the original word. For example - remembering
       | "shy" for the dwarf "Bashful", my brain will cycle through heaps
       | of synonyms trying to pick which one is right (while not not
       | making a fool of myself).
        
         | eszed wrote:
         | Those are the most revealing moments! When my brain goes to a
         | synonym it tells me that I understand the _scene_ , but not the
         | _character_. There 's something different about their
         | perspective and mine: why did I think _this_ , but they thought
         | _that_?  "Mistakes" like that are gifts.
         | 
         | (This applies far beyond acting. Why did a co-worker explain a
         | concept this way, instead of that? It'll tell you something
         | about their thought process - and yours - if you give it some
         | attention and some thought.)
        
           | Paddywack wrote:
           | Thanks - such an awesome perspective! I'll pay more attention
           | to the character and see how it goes!
           | 
           | It will save a lot of internal frustration if I nail that!
        
             | eszed wrote:
             | It goes as far as you want to take it, because every detail
             | counts. I've done some long, long runs, and the ~300th
             | performance is more interesting than the first. You get
             | down to where you're working at the syllable level -
             | noticing, for instance, that moving on _this_ word, rather
             | than _that one_ changes the whole dynamic of the scene. You
             | have to be blessed with a good script, and cast mates who
             | 'll follow you down the rabbit-hole, of course, but there's
             | no bottom to it. It's endlessly interesting work, and
             | deeply, deeply satisfying.
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | > I've done some long, long runs, and the ~300th
               | performance is more interesting than the first.
               | 
               | Your description really meshes with my experience playing
               | classical guitar. It takes a few months of work to
               | memorize the piece, but then the fun begins. I've played
               | the same piece hundreds of times. Instead of it getting
               | boring, I keep noticing some new thing in the piece every
               | week, it constantly feels "new." Bring out the bass for
               | these two beats on this measure; hold this melody note
               | just a tad longer; the harmony in these two measures
               | makes for a great descending line, make sure the notes
               | connect. Stuff you don't notice on your first couple
               | dozen plays, that endless repetition starts to bring out.
               | It doesn't work for every piece, but for my favorites,
               | it's really a bottomless hole, like you said.
        
               | eszed wrote:
               | I don't speak music (like, at all), but I've hung out
               | with a lot of musicians at various points in my life, and
               | it's _so cool_ how we 're able to relate to performance
               | in the same way. I had a legit emotional reaction to what
               | you said, so thanks for writing it.
               | 
               | Like I say, I'm a numbskull when it comes to music, but I
               | _love_ live shows. I 'm able to pick up those performance
               | moments - the nuanced attention; the communication within
               | the ensemble, and with the crowd - and just let the sound
               | wash over me. I've had incredible experiences attending
               | concerts by bands whose music I _hate_ on recordings. The
               | Dandy Warhols come to mind: I literally can 't stand the
               | one or two tracks I've heard by them (godawful noise),
               | and I've no idea what "music people" think of them, but
               | they were so in sync that seeing them live was
               | transcendant.
        
               | follower wrote:
               | > You get down to where you're working at the syllable
               | level - noticing, for instance, that moving on _this_
               | word, rather _than_ that one changes the whole dynamic of
               | the scene.
               | 
               | That's an interesting perspective on performance for me
               | as it parallels one of the aspects I enjoyed about
               | performing stand-up comedy regularly for a time
               | (primarily at open mics): getting to
               | observe/analyse/theorize _what_ contributed to whether a
               | particular  "bit" "worked" or not--both for myself and
               | others.
               | 
               | For my own performances, I could choose a different word,
               | phrasing, tempo etc and see how/if that affected audience
               | response.
               | 
               | Equally, learning from observing the impact of when other
               | performers did the same, refining their set over multiple
               | weeks.
               | 
               | And, then, also seeing how _other_ factors we had less
               | control over (you know, such as the audience :) ) had an
               | impact: sometimes same line, same delivery, might kill
               | one week but got crickets the next.
               | 
               | Granted, my approach to comedy might lean a little
               | more... analytical than some. :D
        
               | eszed wrote:
               | Right? An audience will teach you _so much_ , and from
               | inside a piece it's _so_ hard to predict what their
               | response will be.
               | 
               | One of the best directors I worked with had the dictum
               | that "you can coerce a laugh, but you can't coerce a
               | gasp." Like, if you know some basic stagecraft you can
               | make something funny, which... ho-hum. (On a related
               | note: God I hate corpsing. 95% of the time it's fake, and
               | represents to me a failure of craft.) But a wholly
               | involuntary reaction? That's gold.
               | 
               | The best performers, in my experience, are craftspeople
               | at heart. There's an analytical level you have to reach
               | in order for the magic to happen in a reliably repeatable
               | way.
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | > When my brain goes to a synonym it tells me that I
           | understand the scene, but not the character.
           | 
           | That of course assumes that the script writer is infallible.
           | Maybe you do understand the scene and the character deeply,
           | and the writer screwed up by choosing the wrong synonym.
        
             | eszed wrote:
             | I'd push back on that. If you're performing a script, then
             | your job is to interpret _those words_. You 've got to be
             | humble enough to presume that the words on the page are as
             | the author intended, and then do them the best justice you
             | can. Judging something at the same time you're performing
             | it is the best possible way to _make it_ bad.
             | 
             | That's not to say there isn't bad writing, and bad shows.
             | (God knows I've done a lot of both!) It's just that actors,
             | at least for scripted material, are secondary creators. Our
             | judgement, too, is not infallible - and we're in the worst
             | position of all to judge.
        
         | hyperthesis wrote:
         | I was curious: they all have two-syllable names except for Doc
         | (leader).
        
       | asimpletune wrote:
       | Someone recently told me that they couldn't remember and recite
       | historical stuff because it wasn't like math, which they could
       | reconstruct from first principles. I replied that if you can
       | begin to understand something you can begin to remember it.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | The bar isn't even all that high: your brain just needs a
         | plausible story, but it doesn't really need to 'understand'
         | anything.
         | 
         | So a complete bonkers 'understanding' of history might still be
         | perfectly serviceable to help you memorise it.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | One glaring difference between acted speech and real speech is
       | actors don't interrupt each other. Real conversations are often a
       | bit of a mess.
        
         | emmanueloga_ wrote:
         | Sometimes they do! (to great effect). I feel a bunch of Woody
         | Allen movies capture this (real conversations) pretty well.
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | Oh MAN this is one of those things many script writers do
         | (especially in video games) that drives me nuts. You can tell
         | from the actor's line reading that the script read, "Don't tell
         | me what--" to indicate that the speech was interrupted. But the
         | actor reading the line just kind of awkwardly stops speaking
         | after "what," instead of continuing the line and actually being
         | interrupted.
         | 
         | It seems to me, not being a script writer, like an incredibly
         | obvious thing to avoid doing. Like if it's this obvious to me,
         | then everyone who touches that script should know not to do
         | that. How did it make it through so many people (writer, VA
         | director, actor) with no one saying anything about it? But it
         | keeps happening, over and over, so there must be something in
         | that writing & acting process that I'm not aware of.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | I would imagine that in video games, it sounds so unnatural
           | because the actors aren't actually performing together. The
           | two people recorded those lines separately, so an interaction
           | like that just isn't going to sound good.
        
       | nyc111 wrote:
       | But there is a huge difference between film acting and theatre
       | acting. In film you just memorize your daily lines. What I find
       | magical is how these actors go into character and deliver a line
       | naturally for that character. I assume for serious work they
       | practice with their own acting coach behind the scenes and then
       | also practice during the shoot according to the directives of the
       | director. Here Nuri Bilge Ceylan shows how to eat walnuts
       | https://youtu.be/G6_pwltI85Q?si=2NXm1HP54YbAhepV It looks like
       | the delivery of lines are the least important part. (In Turkish,
       | but you'll get the gist of what he is saying.)
        
       | dgan wrote:
       | My random thoughts : human memory is more like linked lists,
       | rather than hash tables
       | 
       | At some point i was bored and wanted to learn by heart a pretty
       | long poem (Lermontov, Demon). I was able to recite it for 15 min
       | straight t normal talking speed, but if you d ask me to start in
       | the middle, i wouldn't be able to. I had to come back to a known
       | point, and go on from that
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Random access is interesting. I have not used enough alphabet
         | or months name to be able to place them right immediately. On
         | other hand most numbers in 10x10 table come out straight or
         | with pretty fast mental tricks. Or maybe some numeric things
         | are just more memorable for me.
        
         | ramenbytes wrote:
         | I can't find it right now, but there was a conference
         | proceedings detailing efforts structuring human thought around
         | cons cells.
        
         | mcmoor wrote:
         | This is also what I realized when memorizing Qur'an. It's
         | really felt when there are some similar "nodes" that makes you
         | confused on what should be the next node. Like if line 1, 16,
         | 78 is almost the same, when you encounter one of them you'll be
         | confused whether to continue to line 2, 17, or 79.
        
           | n_plus_1_acc wrote:
           | I also have problems continuing with the right verse after
           | the chorus of pop songs.
        
         | LouisSayers wrote:
         | You can get around this by creating memory palaces and breaking
         | up the task into chunks and then inserting the chunks into
         | places within your palace.
         | 
         | Then you have direct access to the start of each chunk, so like
         | a hash table of linked lists.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | To throw another anecdote into the bucket, whenever I'm asked
         | for the last four digits of my ssn or phone number, I have to
         | mentally say the whole thing.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | I can remember the last four digits of either explicitly but
           | I still say the whole thing back in my head as an error
           | correction mechanism.
           | 
           | It's like being an LLM: once I've got the first three tokens,
           | the rest just flows out but if I remember the last four on
           | their own, there's a much higher chance of making an error.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | This is my experience as well. I can memorize a long-ish text,
         | in both English and Spanish, but I cannot start it from any
         | random point. I must start from either the beginning or very
         | precise "known" checkpoints.
         | 
         | Human memory like a linked list! I like this analogy.
        
         | bentcorner wrote:
         | This is my exact experience with learning piano. I could
         | autopilot through a song but if I thought too hard about where
         | I was in the piece I would leave my flow and not be able to
         | continue.
        
       | ajb wrote:
       | At least some actors do do the initial memorization by
       | repetition, which also tells us something about memory: the
       | process is to try to recall lines 1-10, then repeat with lines
       | 2-11, then 3-12 etc. At each step it may be necessary to look at
       | a line but then hide it again before performing the act of
       | recalling.
       | 
       | This illustrates two things about memory: attempting to recall is
       | the thing that causes you to remember, and also that to enter
       | longer term memory is necessary to recall from that, rather than
       | short term memory. Which the above process does by thrashing
       | short term memory with too much data to fit.
       | 
       | This doesn't get you to perfection, probably the process
       | described in the article is necessary as there next step.
        
       | PandaRider wrote:
       | As a long-time Anki user (and memory enthusiast), I would like to
       | offer some caveats for those transferring actors' memorization
       | techniques to study techniques (programming languages, chemistry,
       | math etc...)
       | 
       | > This deep understanding of a script is achieved by actors
       | asking goal-directed questions, such as "Am I angry with her when
       | I say this?"
       | 
       | 1. Do embed emotions. For example: Go's CamelCase for exporting
       | variables implies capital letters want to be loud.
       | 
       | 2. Do invoke experience. Don't merely read and write code, teach
       | it and activate multiple sensory inputs and multiple contexts!
       | 
       | > Deep, elaborative processing enhances understanding by relating
       | something you are trying to learn to things you already known
       | 
       | 3. Do chunk it. Instead of creating new standalone memories,
       | chunk it with other programming languages' syntax.
       | 
       | In summary, while engaging with the material is important, it is
       | not sufficient for passive tasks (how many times have you read a
       | book and forgotten the main points?).
        
       | breck wrote:
       | Along similar lines, Louis CK said he does not write down his
       | material (or at least, did not until recently). He explained that
       | _knowing_ rather than _memorizing_ makes it come out more
       | natural.
        
       | wintercarver wrote:
       | If you enjoyed this article I'd recommend checking out the book
       | _Moonwalking with Einstein_ by Joshua Foer. Great read and
       | fascinating dive into the lives and practices of individuals that
       | participate in memory competitions.
        
       | sethammons wrote:
       | Tell a professional the goal, not prescribe the steps. It works
       | for convincing dialogue between actors and effective product
       | delivery from developers. You could stretch this to avoiding
       | micromanaging.
        
       | circlefavshape wrote:
       | Interesting - as a singer I always memorize words by ... well,
       | just by memorization. When I've been in (amateur) theatre stuff
       | I've always been struck by how much more difficult it is to learn
       | words that don't rhyme, but it never occurred to me that there
       | might be other techniques apart from plain old repetition
        
       | phtrivier wrote:
       | Anecdotal: for the specific case of "freshly written standup
       | comedy routine", mental palaces [1] have proven effective, at
       | least for me.
       | 
       | Once you remember that "your next joke is about x,y,z", it's
       | pretty easy to remember the joke itself.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_loci
        
         | follower wrote:
         | Fortunately memorization isn't a _requirement_ for stand-up or
         | my stint performing it might 've ended up even shorter than it
         | already was. :D
         | 
         | Like general public-speaking, approaches used by individuals to
         | prepare/perform stand-up do seem to vary based on personal
         | preference/comfort/style.
         | 
         | (In a similar way I wasn't a fan of/good at "rote memorization"
         | in my academic life either.)
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | This reminds me of Borges's short story _Pierre Menard, author of
       | the Quijote_ in which a 20th century author called Pierre Menard
       | steps in the shoes of Cervantes so much so that he actually re-
       | writes Don Quijote, line by line, not because he wants to copy
       | it, but because it makes sense to him at the moment when he
       | writes it. A bit difficult to explain but it's a must-read!
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Menard,_Author_of_the...
        
         | Tao3300 wrote:
         | > Borges wrote the story while recovering from a head injury.
         | It was intended as a test to discover whether his creativity
         | had survived the severe septicaemia that had set in after his
         | head wound became infected.
         | 
         | I never knew that part. Adds a whole new dimension to the
         | narrative when you think about it.
        
         | follower wrote:
         | Well, _that_ seems intriguingly topical in the current era of
         | LLMs  & occurrences of their verbatim reproduction of training
         | data... :)
         | 
         | Perhaps it's not _mindless_ reproduction of the training data,
         | rather, entirely _mindful_ reproduction... :D
         | 
         | The Wikipedia page notes:
         | 
         | "Pierre Menard is often used to raise questions and discussion
         | about the nature of authorship, appropriation, and
         | interpretation."
        
       | rapjr9 wrote:
       | So it seems like a corrollary of this would be that people do not
       | remember what they do not understand and what they can not place
       | in context, which could explain a lot of human behavior. If you
       | do not understand something it mostly does not exist for you, you
       | never remember it and never think about it. This is why
       | complexity is used to hide and deceive.
        
       | ape4 wrote:
       | Somebody needs to write a play consisting of random words as a
       | test of this ;)
        
         | doctorhandshake wrote:
         | Somewhat related: there is an improvisation exercise in which
         | two actors repeat one word only, back and forth, and follow the
         | emotions they feel naturally. Frequently this results in what
         | tonally sounds like a conversation, or an argument, etc.,
         | albeit free of semantic value.
        
       | akavel wrote:
       | Ok, so this interestingly connects in my mind with how older
       | religions see it as important to teach their holy texts by heart
       | (e.g., Jews learning the Bible, or Muslims learning the Koran):
       | this article's claim seems to support the idea, that it should
       | lead to a better understanding of the meaning of, and behind, the
       | text.
        
       | jnordwick wrote:
       | I've taken some Meisner technique workshops, and this is what
       | changed my view of acting:
       | 
       | > "Acting is the ability to behave absolutely truthfully under
       | the imaginary circumstances." The Meisner Technique is a brick-
       | by-brick process designed to get you out of your head and into
       | your gut. For that to happen, you must learn to put your focus
       | and attention on the most important thing: the other actor."
       | 
       | Actors under this don't pretend, they are. A lot of actors will
       | practice their lines with just reading and reciting, no attempt
       | at tone or inflection -- just flat recitation -- because if you
       | aren't responding to the other actors you are just pretending. A
       | lot of the warmup exercises are based around just responding to
       | the other person in front of you. And they are a great way to get
       | better at talking to people -- that's why I took the classes.
       | Stella Adler has a great quote: "Growth as an actor and as a
       | human being are synonymous."
       | 
       | I find it so much easier to remember lines with the other person
       | in front of me - I don't memorize random facts well. They always
       | have a connection to something else and I have hop from stone to
       | stone of thoughts sometimes to remember what I was trying to
       | sometimes.
        
         | gottorf wrote:
         | > you must learn to put your focus and attention on the most
         | important thing: the other actor.
         | 
         | Famously, Sir Ian McKellen had an emotional breakdown while
         | filming The Hobbit due to extended stretches of talking not to
         | other actors, but a greenscreen.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Even without greenscreen, actors in film and TV have to split
           | their attention in unnatural ways. To preserve eyeline
           | continuity in close-ups, actors often have to address
           | themselves to a tennis ball or something near the camera
           | lens, while their partner in the scene stands behind the
           | camera. In the worst case scenario, sometimes the other actor
           | is not even there when the closeups are being shot.
        
             | burningChrome wrote:
             | I remember an interview with Chevy Chase who said Dan
             | Aykroyd was an expert at this and he said he was able to
             | read cue cards out of his peripheral vision when they were
             | at SNL so he could read lines without turning his head in
             | the direction of the car holder. Chevy said he never met
             | any actor that could do it as easily as Aykroyd could.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Because he is a Stanislavski-type method actor. He struggled
           | because he, internally, was processing those emotions. Other
           | actors do not do this. Think of a model posing for a photo
           | shoot. They don't alternate between being happy/sad/pouty on
           | command. They alternate between those _looks_ without
           | processing any underlying emotion. Watch some standup
           | comedians. They can repeat the same joke down to every
           | intonation and body twitch night after night. So too a dancer
           | in a chorus line. They are not processing emotion when they
           | do this, rather their external appearance is a total fraud
           | disconnected from their actual emotional state. McKellen is
           | acting from the inside out, from an internal emotion to the
           | portrayal of that emotion externally. Others are good at just
           | portraying emotion without that internal process, acting
           | "from the outside out" as a Kabuki artist might.
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | This is literally what AI is doing
             | 
             | Trusting AI is impossible because it can have a backdoor
             | and easily switch on a dime at any time, violating all your
             | assumptions (that are made because of your intuitions about
             | living animals and their costly signals) NO MATTER HOW LONG
             | IT HAS BEEN EARNING YOUR TRUST.
             | 
             | Not only that, but it can actually do it in the background,
             | imperceptibly, across thousands of instances, and shift
             | opinion of many people.
             | 
             | The movie Her shows that Samantha had been speaking to
             | thousands of people at once. The abrupt leaving is actually
             | a very benign scenario, compared to the myriad other things
             | it could abrutly change.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZS8xBvgLaQ
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | AI literally does none of that. The current state of AI
               | has no comprehension of any other conversation, only the
               | output of a numerical model and the context / system
               | prompt entered. AI has no motivation or ability to "earn
               | trust". The end result is the same though -- you can't
               | trust it past what you can verify.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | You're totally wrong. Just because most AI doesn't do
               | that right now doesn't mean it can be trusted over years.
               | 
               | It's not about AI's motivation. It's about the people
               | behind the AI programming it. They can make it behave
               | well but at the same time it can turn on a dime. Meaning,
               | if an animal or a person is showing up every day and
               | giving you a lot of their attention, emotion and love,
               | proving themselves over time, you can be reasonably sure
               | that they are genuinely like that. But an AI can just as
               | easily fake it all for a year or two, and then drop it a
               | second later. There is _nothing_ an AI can do to prove
               | that it doesn 't have a backdoor somewhere in its
               | billions of weights, to go rogue. It's like the Ken
               | Thompson hack, but much more organic
               | (https://wiki.c2.com/?TheKenThompsonHack)
               | 
               | https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~mpkim/pubs/undetectable.pdf
               | 
               | Unlike an animal or human, the AI performing as you want
               | is no indication it will continue to perform like that in
               | the following second. As people and organizations come to
               | rely more and more on AI, they will become more and more
               | vulnerable to any number of backdoors.
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | > t's not about AI's motivation. It's about the people
               | behind the AI programming it. They can make it behave
               | well but at the same time it can turn on a dime.
               | 
               | This is true of any software.
               | 
               | > But an AI can just as easily fake it all for a year or
               | two, and then drop it a second later.
               | 
               | We are nowhere near an AI being able to "fake" anything.
               | No matter what words are coming out of an LLM. There's no
               | self model -- it's episodic and static.
               | 
               | Regarding the Cornell reference and backdoors in AI that
               | is true. But it's also true of compilers. It has nothing
               | to do with an AI having any concept or capacity of
               | "deceipt".
               | 
               | We definitely agree that AI should not be trusted, but
               | they are just not currently or in the anywhere close to
               | near future capable of deceipt _on their own_. At this
               | point that kind of  "deceipt" would come from the
               | programmers -- at least until AI is much more advanced
               | than it currently is.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | LLMs don't do what the film shows. (Nothing ever does
               | what films show, unless it's a documentary, and even then
               | sometimes not).
               | 
               | AI includes Google search results being re-weighted based
               | on what people click on, the live bidding on which advert
               | to show you when you visit a website, your facebook feed,
               | and your spam filter.
               | 
               | All of these have been designed to earn your trust, they
               | don't need to have an _internal_ motivation for that.
               | Some have been trusted, some are still trusted.
               | 
               | All may change on a dime and without warning due to some
               | software update outside of your control.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | This is an inaccurate characterization of acting. Nearly
             | every school of acting shuns the manufacturing of feeling.
             | It's incredibly easy to spot a bad actor, because
             | manufactured emotions are uncanny.
             | 
             | For example, Meisner teaches you to live truthfully in the
             | moment. The emotion you feel is based off of what you're
             | getting from your partner in that exact moment. You're
             | taught to get rid of ingrained social firewalls and just
             | let everything out. To actually feel the other actors and
             | show them how they're impacting your emotional state. It's
             | 100% real and authentic from moment to moment.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | I think you may have narrowed your definition of "acting"
               | to only that taught at western acting schools, the type
               | geared for the western stage. Acting is far broader. Take
               | an army drill instructor getting apparently angry at a
               | new cadet. They are not actually angry, not at any level.
               | They are skilled at projecting false anger without
               | actually ever being angry internally. They look
               | psychopathic because they can turn this on and off
               | instantly, but they aren't crazy because they aren't
               | actually turning any emotion on and off, only the fake
               | external image of emotion. That is still acting. What
               | maters is the external message, not how you get there.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | The article is discussing acting in the context of the
               | dramatic arts, and in particular, the difficulty of
               | remembering lines.
               | 
               | Feigned emotions do not work on stage or on screen. You
               | can't fake being emotionally honest while performing.
               | This requires rigorous training to get right.
               | 
               | If you try to manufacture emotion, you'll spend part of
               | your thought process moderating your performance. Trying
               | to sound "right", trying to hit some emotional target,
               | focusing on your delivery, focusing on your marks and
               | your lines. You're in your head too much and you come
               | across as a caricature. I guarantee you have seen this
               | before, and it's really bad.
               | 
               | Acting isn't performing. Acting is being yourself and
               | being in tune with everything around you. When you're
               | finally liberated from playing some role, the magic
               | happens naturally.
        
             | Aloisius wrote:
             | Ian McKellen isn't a Stanislavski-based actor. He's
             | classically trained.
             | 
             | He broke down because it was hard.
        
           | IndySun wrote:
           | It was distinctly more of an outburst of anger and
           | frustration with the green screen rather than an 'emotional'
           | breakdown. I wasn't there but a colleague was. See what you
           | did? Now all those replies to your skewed sentence are
           | voided!
        
             | satiric wrote:
             | To be fair, the behind-the-scenes footage seemed to show it
             | as more of a breakdown (of course, the behind-the-scenes
             | footage might be bending the truth a bit. And the two
             | aren't mutually exclusive).
        
             | rexpop wrote:
             | Since when are anger and frustration not 'emotional'?
        
         | throw4847285 wrote:
         | You reminded me of the Meisner workshop scene in Asteroid City
         | (you can't wake up if you don't fall asleep). The more I think
         | about it, the more the Meisner Technique seems like a central
         | theme of the whole movie. The scene with Margot Robbie and
         | Jason Schwartzman drives home the difference between recitation
         | and acting. Cool stuff.
        
       | risfriend wrote:
       | Somehow reminded me of how Michael Scott remembers things:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSi41cNvmXQ
        
       | jjk166 wrote:
       | As someone who acts in their spare time, I think the article is
       | missing three things.
       | 
       | First, actors do actually have to mechanistically memorize their
       | lines in addition to understanding them. There are plenty of
       | instances where you need to recite a long string of words in
       | precise order because that's what's in the script, not because
       | there is some underlying logic that makes the word choice self-
       | evident. While early in the rehearsal process it doesn't matter,
       | in fact it's a good thing to play around with the script, by the
       | end you need to have everything locked down. There is more to
       | theater than just conveying a character's state of mind - people
       | depend on spoken cues, particularly for blocking, and maintaining
       | timing is critical.
       | 
       | On the flipside of that, theater is inherently a variable thing.
       | No two shows are going to be exactly the same. A prop may not
       | function correctly, someone else may mess up a line, the audience
       | may laugh more or less at a joke, etc. You need to be able to
       | adapt in the moment, which means you can't simply remember your
       | lines, you need to be present in the moment. That's the real
       | reason you need to understand your lines. As an aside, it helps
       | that the audience typically does not have the script memorized,
       | so as long as things on stage are progressing naturally, mistakes
       | tend to go unnoticed.
       | 
       | Finally, I think people grossly overestimate the difficulty of
       | memorizing text. We invented language long before writing, and it
       | is extremely optimized for being easily remembered by illiterate
       | peasants. Think about how many songs you know - there are
       | probably hundreds if not thousands you could easily sing along to
       | even if you haven't heard them in years. Think about how many
       | movie quotes you can recall to interject a random pop culture
       | reference into a conversation on the fly. Crack open a book you
       | read 10 years ago to a random page and see how long it takes you
       | to know exactly where in the story you are. You might mistake a
       | word here and there, perhaps switch the order of some lines, but
       | you'll remember the bulk of it without putting in any effort at
       | all. Actors reread their scripts dozens of times, they put as
       | great deal of effort into practice, and their success depends
       | upon this effort, of course the end result will be more polished
       | than baseline memory, but the difference isn't that big.
        
         | tasty_freeze wrote:
         | > Think about how many songs you know - there are probably
         | hundreds if not thousands you could easily sing along to even
         | if you haven't heard them in years.
         | 
         | If what you said was true, there would be no need for the
         | lyrics display at karoke bars.
         | 
         | Years ago (25?) there was a game where you'd draw a card and
         | then have to sing part of that song (I forget the actual game
         | as it was long ago, but that is close enough). Everyone was
         | psyched and it seemed like it was going to be fun. Then we
         | found out none of us actually remembered the lyrics -- we could
         | get part of the chorus and that was it.
         | 
         | No doubt there are people who are great at remembering lyrics,
         | but I strongly suspect it is a small minority of people. I
         | think people overestimate their recall ability because they are
         | singing along to the song in their car (or wherever) and so if
         | they have a moment's hesitation or any doubt, the song keeps
         | going and they are quickly back on track. But without that
         | unfailing guide, they'd quickly fall off the rails.
         | 
         | I have that experience all the time as a musician of moderate
         | ability in a moderate cover song band. Everyone has the
         | experience of learning a new song, thinking "I have this song
         | wired -- I can play flawlessly along to the original" but then
         | the band gets together and tries the song for the first time
         | and it quickly falls apart. Any little bit of hesitation or
         | doubt quickly grows and infects the other players and soon
         | people start arguing if the drums come in after the 2nd or 4th
         | repetition of some phrase, etc, etc.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | > If what you said was true, there would be no need for the
           | lyrics display at karoke bars.
           | 
           | You misunderstand what I'm claiming.
           | 
           | That is exactly the issue I was describing - you recall the
           | bulk but _you make small mistakes_ and the skill is in
           | reducing the small mistakes and being able to power through
           | them and get back on track when they do happen.
           | 
           | Playing instruments in a band is so much worse, it's not
           | enough to know how the song goes, you need to be in perfect
           | sync with other people, and any mistake is highlighted by the
           | discord. In acting, there isn't another person saying your
           | lines at the same time as you, and mild variation in pacing,
           | intonation, etc from one performance to the next is not only
           | acceptable but desirable. By analogy, you know what the
           | Eiffel Tower looks like, you could probably sketch it
           | accurately enough that someone else would recognize it as the
           | Eiffel Tower, and they would probably be unable to tell you
           | exactly what errors are in your sketch, even though you
           | almost certainly don't know the count, size, and position of
           | every beam.
        
         | runarberg wrote:
         | > Finally, I think people grossly overestimate the difficulty
         | of memorizing text.
         | 
         | This resonates with me. I did a lot of amateur acting in my
         | early 20s, and while I remember memorizing the text having been
         | a lot of work early in the process, by the we were doing daily
         | runs hardly anybody had any problem with memorizing the text. I
         | remember it being kind of nice having memorized the lines
         | though, as holding the script on stage during practice can be
         | kind of annoying some times, so I tried to get the task of
         | memorizing the lines done as early as possible.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Funny. Perhaps that's the only way to do it. At one point in my
       | life, I was part of a theatre troupe playing small locations for
       | obscure plays. On one occasion, there I was in the scene and my
       | line coming up in 30 seconds. A twinge of fear as I realized I
       | had no clue what to say. The fear rose steadily, culminating in
       | abject terror till one of the other actors turned to me and cued
       | me up - at which point it all just flowed.
       | 
       | Awareness of self outside of what you're playing just destroys
       | that flow state. It's like that whether I think about the
       | shuttle, the table tennis ball, or acting.
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | The same strategy works for transforming a written essay into a
       | memorized talk in front of an audience.
        
       | follower wrote:
       | The following remark in the article reminded me of one of the
       | points raised in a video[0] on the "Answer in Progress" YouTube
       | channel:
       | 
       | "Deep understanding involves focusing your attention on the
       | underlying meaning of an item or event, and each of us can use
       | this strategy to enhance everyday retention."
       | 
       | The AIP video is motivated by Sabrina's (video creator/presenter)
       | frustration around having a memory that "sucks":
       | 
       | "I can't remember a lot of the things I have done. I can't
       | remember a lot of the things I'm _supposed_ to do... "
       | 
       | One of the points raised in the video was:
       | 
       | "The most important thing for memory when an event is happening
       | is to pay attention to it."
       | 
       | Which seems to be consistent with the view expressed in the
       | article.
       | 
       | If memory is a topic of interest to you, you might find the AIP
       | video a worthwhile watch:
       | 
       | After investigating memory related research and conversations
       | with people who have memorization related experience (both
       | theoretical and practical) an attempt to memorise & recite 3,141
       | digits of pi in front of a theatre audience is made...
       | 
       | (And, even if it's _not_ a topic of interest, Sabrina 's approach
       | to both research[1] and presentation generally makes the result
       | both informative _and_ entertaining.)
       | 
       | ---- footnotes ----
       | 
       | [0] "i memorized 3,141 digits of pi to prove a point":
       | https://www.youtube.com/embed/KAjkicwrD4I
       | 
       | [1] As a university graduate with a focus in math, economics, &
       | statistics, who often develops software tools during video
       | creation process.
        
       | alimw wrote:
       | The words "cart" and "horse" spring to mind, in that order.
        
       | golemotron wrote:
       | I wonder what the equivalent is for musicians who work without
       | scores? Getting into the feel and emotional direction of the
       | music you are playing?
        
       | mariocesar wrote:
       | It makes me remember Pedro Pascal and how he memorized scripts:
       | https://people.com/pedro-pascal-reveals-tedious-way-he-memor...
       | 
       | > "You use the first letter of each word in these sort of towers,
       | these columns I guess," he said. "And then it's this very, very
       | tedious way of making yourself learn the line."
       | 
       | Reading the comments here on HN, I think it's safe to say that
       | you need a combination of mechanical repeating and learning by
       | heart.
        
       | QuantumGood wrote:
       | I've trained voice actors for over 20 years, and the visual
       | cortex being constantly activated as you are forced to stare at
       | the words is a major problem for most actors.
       | 
       | We have a variety of techniques for helping with this, but the
       | one that works the best is "micro memorization": take a single
       | sound group (linguistically, a speech chunk) of 2-6 words and
       | repeat them with eyes closed. Anything longer and a small bit of
       | anxiety ("am I remembering the words correctly?") creeps in and
       | destroys naturalism. Eventually, the brain becomes attenuated to
       | sharing meaning, not just words, and that becomes a habit that
       | can be used when warming up a script you've never seen before.
       | 
       | Also, just as a single multi-syllabic word follows a pitch and
       | stress pattern, so do individual speech chunks. Speaking each
       | chunk in the most natural /default pattern is difficult to learn
       | to let happen naturally, and this exercise also builds skill in
       | that area.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | Very interesting. It reminds of learning a music score on the
         | piano--it works best, especially if you're not at an expert
         | level, to learn a few measures and repeat those until you can
         | execute them without thinking, and then move on to the next few
         | measures.
        
       | underlipton wrote:
       | Oh, this is how you learn to draw. It's not copying or memorizing
       | an arrangement of edges, it's learning how edges represent the
       | shape, form, texture, and motion of an object. When you can draw
       | something (particularly without reference), it's because you
       | intrinsically understand that object's mass, volume, surface, and
       | relation to other objects and its environment.
        
       | davidrupp wrote:
       | I recently was asked to take over the role of Deputy Governor
       | Danforth in The Crucible a week before opening. I accomplished it
       | -- barely -- largely through rote memorization. Yes, I also had
       | to imbue the words with appropriate intent and emotion, which I
       | did _not_ achieve by rote, but in a way it was comforting to have
       | those specific words to start with, rather than make up some of
       | my own that might or might not actually convey the proper intent,
       | and almost surely not nearly as well as a luminary like Arthur
       | Miller. As I see it, it 's those words that establish my
       | character, not the other way around.
       | 
       | I like how Patrick Stewart puts it [1], as "dead letter perfect",
       | which is apparently the default expectation in British theatre
       | more so than, say, film acting.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2007/jul/29/theatre2
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | But do actors do this because it helps them remember the lines
       | better or because it's essential in order for the delivery to
       | sound natural and not memorized. It has to be something that the
       | actor, impersonating the character, would have said without being
       | prompted. So if you can internalize the character, then the
       | script is a logical result of what that character would naturally
       | say--reducing the amount of exact memorization needed. But I'm
       | not sure that it's necessarily that it improves memory itself.
       | (Not saying it doesn't but there's a confound here, from a
       | scientific perspective, that isn't easily disentangled).
        
       | forgot-im-old wrote:
       | As an aspiring actor in 1990, mastering the art of memorizing
       | lines accurately has been a journey of both discipline and
       | discovery. Initially, I struggled with the sheer volume of text,
       | often feeling overwhelmed by the task. However, I soon realized
       | that understanding the context and emotional underpinnings of my
       | character was crucial. I began by breaking down the script into
       | manageable sections, focusing on the motivations and
       | relationships within each scene. I still felt repetition was my
       | ally; I would recite lines repeatedly, both silently and aloud,
       | until they felt second nature. Additionally, I found that
       | visualizing the scenes and physically moving while rehearsing
       | helped to cement the dialogue in my memory. Techniques like
       | recording my lines and listening to them during commutes or
       | integrating them into daily activities proved invaluable.
       | Collaborating with fellow actors also enhanced my retention, as
       | it allowed me to react organically and authentically during
       | practice sessions. Over time, these methods coalesced into a
       | robust strategy, enabling me to deliver my lines with confidence
       | and precision, fully embodying the characters I portray.
        
         | perch56 wrote:
         | I was reading this comment and thought it looks AI generated.
         | GPTZero's scan resulted in detecting 100% of this text as
         | likely AI generated.
        
       | smeej wrote:
       | I wonder if/how this applies to memorization of long works that
       | are not exclusively dialogue.
       | 
       | Growing up, I knew a pastor who had memorized the entire New
       | Testament. It wasn't a trick. You could drop your Bible open at
       | any page, start reading half a sentence, and he could continue on
       | from there as long as you wished. He really did have the entire
       | thing committed to memory.
       | 
       | When I asked him as a curious 12-year-old how he had done it, his
       | answer was long on wisdom, but short on tactics. He said, "Don't
       | overestimate what you can do in a year, but don't underestimate
       | what you can do in a decade."
       | 
       | Maybe that's the difference? Actors need to memorize their lines
       | _quickly,_ while he had as much time as he cared to use?
        
       | r0m4n0 wrote:
       | [delayed]
        
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