[HN Gopher] How Waymo outlasted the competition and made robo-ta...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How Waymo outlasted the competition and made robo-taxis a real
       business
        
       Author : webel0
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2024-05-29 20:19 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fortune.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fortune.com)
        
       | webel0 wrote:
       | Waymo is currently under investigation for multiple incidents,
       | not all of which it had previously disclosed to the NHTSA [0].
       | The recent light pole incident also doesn't help [1].
       | 
       | If they are doing 50k rides a day, then they would appear to have
       | a remarkable safety record.
       | 
       | It will be interesting to see if these investigations lead to a
       | repeat of the Cruise debacle or if this will become the price of
       | doing business.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/us-
       | saf...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAZP-RNSr0s
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | The overall safety record is amazingly good:
         | https://arstechnica.com/cars/2023/12/human-drivers-crash-a-l...
        
         | dexwiz wrote:
         | Anecdata, but watching the Waymo cars compared to Cruise
         | (preban) was night and day. Before Cruise was banned in SF, I
         | would often see them violate traffic laws and fail to navigate
         | basic intersections. Waymo isn't perfect, but its better than
         | Cruise and the average SF driver, which is good enough for me.
        
           | not-my-account wrote:
           | Anecdata 2, I bike through SF almost daily, and much prefer a
           | Waymo driving near me as opposed to your average SF driver.
        
             | 1oooqooq wrote:
             | that's cool. until it's not. it's very easy to release an
             | upgrade of stopping less on stop signs and see data
             | increasing profit and not increasing accidents. same with
             | code updates that will make cyclist life worse, unless
             | there's actual change in a kpi they track. you're not
             | really their main concern, specially after they ipo and get
             | acquired by Apollo or billionaire du jour
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Waymo is a subsidiary of Alphabet.
               | 
               | And not sure why you think running stop signs or any anti
               | safety measures would increase profits.
        
               | bigfudge wrote:
               | Because once the current safety scrutiny has passed you
               | might get more trips done by setting the ai to be more
               | aggressive in traffic. Then you are into VW style
               | software updates with a profit motive and no mechanism to
               | hold them accountable?
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > no mechanism to hold them accountable
               | 
               | Like banning them altogether following a public outcry?
               | That is the mechanism to hold them accountable.
               | 
               | Also in individual cases it will be very easy to sue them
               | for accidents they caused or contributed to. Already is.
               | 
               | Where does this "no mechanism to hold them accountable"
               | comes from?
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | >And not sure why you think running stop signs or any
               | anti safety measures would increase profits.
               | 
               | Because this big companies like Google are actually evil.
               | As an example the mobile YouTube app does not let you use
               | it if you turn off the screen. So Google decided that
               | wasting energy and killing batteries is an acceptable
               | thing to do, this is pure evil - I would accept they
               | adding more advertising or whatever but killing the life
               | span of a device and wasting energy is truly evil shit.
        
               | greiskul wrote:
               | That's just being a cynic for cynicism sake. They are
               | already owned by a billionaire company, so there is no
               | ipo. And they still have at least a couple of decades
               | where the game they need to play is get riders and
               | legislators to trust them, so they are incentived to make
               | their car very safeful so they can roll out to more
               | cities and countries. It takes one bad accident to get
               | the public to turn against them, and there is no
               | technological edge that can save you if the government
               | decides to make your entire business illegal.
        
               | pquki4 wrote:
               | What does that even mean?
               | 
               | If Waymo hits a cyclist which leads to death, and Waymo
               | is found to be at fault, that's definitely going to make
               | headlines and potentially lead to a pause of the entire
               | operation.
        
               | nl wrote:
               | We've already seen regulators are willing to take strong
               | actions against dangerous operators.
               | 
               | These regulators should be supported and kept clear of
               | regulatory capture. Other countries can do this, so
               | should the US.
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | In the United States there are few legal repercussions
               | when a human driver kills someone as long as they are
               | sober and utter the phrase "I didn't see them".
               | Therefore, biking on US roads means trusting in the
               | inherent goodness (and attentiveness) of the drivers
               | around you.
               | 
               | Driverless cars run by a company protecting itself from
               | reputational and legal risk seems less dystopian than the
               | status quo.
        
               | twoWhlsGud wrote:
               | Yes, I don't understand how anybody who's ever ridden a
               | bike in a major American city isn't super excited about
               | high-quality self driving vehicles. The crazy stuff I see
               | on a daily basis while out biking in Seattle (and
               | statistically we are one of the best places to bike in
               | the US) means I can't wait until these things take over
               | :-)
        
         | choppaface wrote:
         | Waymo has notably escaped any investigation of the "Prius vs
         | Camry" crash induced during unsafe testing done in pursuit of a
         | demo https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/10/22/did-uber-
         | steal...
         | 
         | > The car went onto a freeway, where it travelled past an on-
         | ramp. According to people with knowledge of events that day,
         | the Prius accidentally boxed in another vehicle, a Camry. A
         | human driver could easily have handled the situation by slowing
         | down and letting the Camry merge into traffic, but Google's
         | software wasn't prepared for this scenario. The cars continued
         | speeding down the freeway side by side. The Camry's driver
         | jerked his car onto the right shoulder. Then, apparently trying
         | to avoid a guardrail, he veered to the left; the Camry
         | pinwheeled across the freeway and into the median. Levandowski,
         | who was acting as the safety driver, swerved hard to avoid
         | colliding with the Camry, causing Taylor to injure his spine so
         | severely that he eventually required multiple surgeries.
         | 
         | > Levandowski and Taylor didn't know how badly damaged the
         | Camry was. They didn't go back to check on the other driver or
         | to see if anyone else had been hurt. Neither they nor other
         | Google executives made inquiries with the authorities. The
         | police were not informed that a self-driving algorithm had
         | contributed to the accident.
         | 
         | > According to former Google executives, in Project Chauffeur's
         | early years there were more than a dozen accidents, at least
         | three of which were serious. One of Google's first test cars,
         | nicknamed kitt, was rear-ended by a pickup truck after it
         | braked suddenly, because it couldn't distinguish between a
         | yellow and a red traffic light. Two of the Google employees who
         | were in the car later sought medical treatment.
         | 
         | It was a long time ago, but Larry Page was well aware of it,
         | and imagine if that incident received fair coverage and
         | investigation.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | I am having trouble imagining this scenario in a way that
           | makes Waymo look as bad as you imply. It sounds like the
           | human-driven vehicle if it was "boxed in" on an on-ramp
           | needed to slow and merge, rather than racing to pass on the
           | right, running off the road, and causing a spectacular
           | single-vehicle wreck. The way it's described in that
           | paragraph seems to be ironclad proof of the need to promptly
           | relieve humans of driving tasks.
        
             | drdec wrote:
             | I don't understand the downvotes of the parent post.
             | 
             | I am unfamiliar with the details of this incident and my
             | reading based on the facts presented is similar.
             | 
             | Could someone provide more information?
        
               | 1oooqooq wrote:
               | threads on hn brings people from the mentioned company.
               | all root comments saying bad things will always get
               | downvotes.
        
             | upwardbound wrote:
             | It doesn't make the tech look bad, but to me it makes the
             | safety driver & the other executive look callous and
             | uncaring.
             | 
             | > They didn't go back to check on the other driver or to
             | see if anyone else had been hurt
             | 
             | They should have made sure the driver was okay.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | _> It doesn 't make the tech look bad, but to me it makes
               | the safety driver & the other executive look callous and
               | uncaring._
               | 
               | The safety driver was Anthony Levandowski, who left
               | Google for Uber, taking with him a bunch of stolen IP, at
               | Uber ran a cowboy self-driving car division that got
               | pedestrians killed, Levandowski got sued by Google, ended
               | up in prison and Uber laid off the entire division. Later
               | he was pardoned by Trump.
               | 
               | So good news - the callous and uncaring safety driver has
               | been fired, sued, and imprisoned.
        
               | choppaface wrote:
               | Larry Page knew about the crash and tried to retain him
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Levandowski stole Waymo trade secrets, and only escaped the
           | full consequences of his actions because of a Trump pardon.
           | He is not representative of anything about Waymo in 2024.
        
             | choppaface wrote:
             | Larry Page was an ardent supporter of Levandowski and this
             | evidence illustrates Waymo's core safety culture: that
             | they're above regulation and above the law. Same mindset
             | illustrated in Google's anti-trust trials.
        
       | jseliger wrote:
       | I just left a version of this in another thread--I live in
       | Phoenix and now take Waymo regularly, and it seems like we're
       | close to a world in which most people take self-driving cars most
       | of the time, crash rates plummet, and these kinds of articles
       | come to resemble articles from 1910 about horse-related problems.
       | 
       | Humans suck at driving: https://jakeseliger.com/2019/12/16/maybe-
       | cars-are-just-reall...
       | 
       | Waymos avoid many of the Uber challenges: foul-smelling "air
       | fresheners," dubious music / talk radio choices, etc.
        
         | titanomachy wrote:
         | In the same vein, I don't ride uber often but when I do I often
         | find that drivers leave their windows closed and car's air
         | circulation turned off completely. When I ask for "a bit of
         | airflow" they apparently hear it as "I'm too hot", so they turn
         | AC to maximum power.
         | 
         | I'm not sure whether this reflects their own preferences, what
         | they think customers want, or if they are just completely
         | oblivious.
        
           | okdood64 wrote:
           | I have never had trouble cracking open the window on my own.
           | Do you not try?
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | The child safety disable is often turned on for backseat
             | windows.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | Don't be too timid to tell them what you want. If they turn
           | out the AC to max instead, just say "Sorry, I'm not hot I
           | just want some fresh air."
        
         | harmmonica wrote:
         | I've said this on HN before as well, but I've turned into a
         | full-on Waymo evangelist (Los Angeles user here). Couple of
         | things to add to Jake's comment...
         | 
         | The driving experience itself is on par with the "best" drivers
         | I've ever ridden with (things like stopping at actual stop
         | signs, for instance, and not racing from one traffic light to
         | the next, and being courteous to bikes and pedestrians), not to
         | mention just the peace and tranquility of being in a car solo
         | when you're not having to drive (I know, I know, mass transit
         | _is_ better for countless reasons and this is actually doubling
         | down on human isolation which is probably not great long term).
         | Anyway, I have zero interest in getting into an Uber at this
         | point. I 'd wait longer and pay more for a Waymo if given the
         | choice. And I'm fully aware people will, if this works more
         | broadly, lose jobs bc of it. I'm not insensitive to that, but I
         | don't think the genie is going back in the bottle barring
         | catastrophic incidents by Waymo et al that cause regulators to
         | kill self-driving cars altogether. Note that I did witness an
         | incident where on a road with no lane markings the Waymo
         | straddled a left turn "lane" and a straight-travel lane. It's
         | an intersection I transit often and normal drivers have great
         | trouble with and frankly makes me uneasy every time I turn left
         | there as well. The Waymo was definitely perplexed by it.
         | 
         | For those who talk about how Phoenix's roads are straight and
         | wide... This is not true in Los Angeles (nor in SF though SF is
         | more of a compact grid than LA). For those of you unfamiliar, a
         | lot of the streets in LA where Waymo operates today are very
         | narrow, with cars parked on both sides and so there's
         | inadequate room for two cars to go down them without waiting
         | for another car to pass. These same streets have zero lane
         | markings on them. I've experienced this several times in Waymo
         | to date where the car just "gets it," though it's almost too
         | cautious when it needs to get over to let another car pass when
         | there's not enough space for both. And if you read all of that
         | and say "what about the weather?" It's obviously an issue and I
         | fully agree it will delay the rollout "everywhere."
         | 
         | All that said, I cannot wait until I can jump in one of these
         | things, from Waymo or any other company, and safely go up to
         | the mountains or some other road-trip destination. The
         | economics of longer trips, particularly to rural areas, are
         | likely tricky bc of the inability to count on a return fare,
         | but, man, I do think self-driving cars are a radically
         | important technology that will vastly change how we transit
         | and, really, how we live. That is, if they don't fuck up too
         | much en route to getting there.
        
           | ianstormtaylor wrote:
           | Honest question out of curiosity, since you seem genuine and
           | open to discussion...
           | 
           | I agree with all of your points about Waymo vs. Uber-like
           | ridesharing--the average Uber ride is so much less safe that
           | it's hard to argue for.
           | 
           | But I also agree with your aside about the growing isolation
           | of society--the longer term implications of every event,
           | meal, and errand being separated by autonomous journeys are
           | staggering.
           | 
           | So the question is, how do the societal isolation factors
           | play into your decision making? (Honest question, not a
           | gotcha, I'm curious how others think about these tradeoffs.)
        
             | echoangle wrote:
             | How is that different than if you were driving yourself?
        
               | ianstormtaylor wrote:
               | Well, I'd say it's different in a similar way that Uber's
               | are different from driving yourself. For physical trips
               | it's similar, but lower barrier to entry, so you do it
               | more. And for deliveries it's a much lower barrier
               | because you don't drive at all.
        
             | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
             | Uber sometimes offers a service called UberPool where you
             | share the car with another passenger in order to save money
             | right? Couldn't Waymo do the same?
        
               | ianstormtaylor wrote:
               | They could in theory yeah. I'm not sure if Uber still
               | offers it, but I think its uptake is so low (anecdotally
               | from people I know) that it's effectively not a solution
               | to societal isolation, because it doesn't end up being
               | used.
        
               | upbeat_general wrote:
               | I thought it was pretty well used pre-covid, especially
               | when the rides were sometimes 50% of a regular ride.
               | 
               | At least I personally used it a lot, and knew several
               | people that did.
        
               | _carbyau_ wrote:
               | Didn't Uber start branded as a "ride sharing" app where
               | the app helped you find someone to car pool into work
               | with?
               | 
               | I suspect an underlying issue with socialising is faith
               | in humanity. It's hard to have faith in humanity in the
               | modern world when every front appears to be telling you
               | otherwise. If you don't have faith in humanity, then
               | you're limited to only interacting with those: "you have
               | to" and "are vetted".
        
               | sgerenser wrote:
               | That was Lyft. Uber started as an easier/cheaper way to
               | call for a ride in a "black car".
        
             | harmmonica wrote:
             | I'm not sure if you mean about Waymo/self-driving cars or
             | more broadly, but I'll assume you mean cars. Let me first
             | say I'd love to create a list of all of the long-term pros
             | and cons of self-driving cars because I'd be far better-
             | equipped to answer, but my off-the-cuff thought: this
             | technology, if it survives, will make it easier, safer,
             | less stressful and less costly for people to transit, and
             | will also make almost every place more livable (the impacts
             | will be more profound in urban areas than rural, but both
             | will benefit). That sounds like a great way to increase
             | interactivity, not lessen it.
        
             | BillyTheKing wrote:
             | I can spend more times at my friend's place, maybe have a
             | beer or two without having to worry about driving back - so
             | I think it encourages socialisation
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | If you're already inclined towards isolation, like I am
             | sometimes, driverless taxies will help with that. But if
             | you're inclined towards going out and doing things, which I
             | also am sometimes, there are few incentives more alluring
             | than a fast and _cheap_ way to get from point A to point B.
             | If labor and gasoline are removed from the equation there
             | 's no reason rides can't be ridiculously cheap, and
             | spending $20 on a round trip instead of $80 lowers one of
             | the biggest barriers for going out (at least in urban areas
             | and/or when drinking/drugs are involved).
        
               | nl wrote:
               | Cheaper, safer and more effective transportation seems
               | likely to increase mobility and decrease isolation.
        
           | badcppdev wrote:
           | Can you just clarify in the situation where, 'the Waymo
           | straddled a left turn "lane" and a straight-travel lane',
           | whether the behaviour of the Waymo was 'safe' although
           | obviously incorrect for multiple reasons?
        
             | harmmonica wrote:
             | It was absolutely incorrect on the Waymo's part. I was
             | trying to counterbalance my positivity with a mistake I've
             | seen a Waymo make. That said, I would not call it unsafe
             | because where it was located it was not going to lead to an
             | accident. It was confused by the intersection, which also
             | happens to human drivers at that intersection. That is not
             | to excuse the Waymo ("oh, it's just like a person so that's
             | ok!"), just trying to point out that it may be a great
             | driver (again, my opinion), but doesn't mean it's
             | infallible. Of course others on this thread have pointed
             | out statistics about how Waymos are faring, but I was just
             | trying to share my experience riding in one.
        
         | hnav wrote:
         | The olfactory problem with waymos is that if someone gets in
         | one dirty or foul smelling there isn't a driver to kick them
         | out. Waymos are starting to get more ridership and some of
         | those people are going to be absolute pigs. I gave feedback to
         | Waymo about a recent ride where the entire car smelled like a
         | fat, unwashed ass and the best case scenario there is that they
         | took the car out of rotation immediately, the rider right
         | before me left it that way and that the rider will be
         | identified after several instances of those reports. The
         | reality is probably that the car picked up several riders after
         | me until one reported a problem mid-ride.
        
           | hypothesis wrote:
           | > I gave feedback to Waymo about a recent ride where the
           | entire car smelled like a fat, unwashed ass
           | 
           | Knowing BigCo reputation, I think it's equally possible that
           | Waymo and/or BigCo accounts will be banned for actual perp,
           | complainant or random rider in-between... what a world...
        
             | 83 wrote:
             | Wouldn't take long before that gets abused I bet. I'm
             | picturing a world where someone knows their ex uses Waymo
             | to get home every day so requests rides around that
             | time/place so they can report them as
             | odorous/damaged/vomit/etc and get the prior rider banned.
        
           | mavhc wrote:
           | Need to add some smell sensors to the inside of the car, as
           | well as the cameras
        
         | codexb wrote:
         | Maybe if you're under 25 and have always lived in a dense city
         | this seems like a valid take. Taxis aren't new, they have
         | always existed. Just because they're driven by computers now
         | isn't going to magically change all the reasons that people
         | didn't use them before (hint: it wasn't because they were
         | driven by humans).
         | 
         | No one with kids _wants_ to ride in taxis with kids all the
         | time. Ditto for anyone with hobbies that require transporting
         | large things, like kayaks, bikes, etc. Or people with large
         | pets. Or grocery shopping for more than 1-2 people. Or any of
         | the dozens of other conveniences that Americans have come to
         | expect from owning a car over the past century.
        
           | spiderice wrote:
           | I have kids and don't like Taxis, but I'm not sure I entirely
           | agree with your take. The idea of a humanless Taxi showing up
           | to my house sounds way more appealing to me.
           | 
           | I can take my time to get car seats in and kids buckled,
           | without feeling the pressure to hurry from the human driver.
           | 
           | I don't have to feel like my kids misbehaving are going to
           | annoy a human driver, or get me a bad review in Uber/Lyft.
           | 
           | I don't have to worry about tipping, or the driver taking a
           | longer route to charge me more.
           | 
           | I don't have to worry about small-talk, or awkwardly sitting
           | in silence when I normally would be talking with those I'm
           | driving with.
           | 
           | Obviously this doesn't cover all use cases for a car (pretty
           | sure you can't load a kayak onto a Waymo because you'd block
           | sensors), but it seems WAY better to me as someone who
           | doesn't like to deal with the people aspect of Taxis.
        
             | codetrotter wrote:
             | > I don't have to worry about tipping
             | 
             | I can almost guarantee that if they don't already, the
             | robo-taxis will eventually start asking for tips.
             | 
             | This is already the case at self-checkout in some stores
             | for example.
             | 
             | As long as the companies can get away with it, they will
             | tack on any number of extra fees and charges even if those
             | fees and charges really don't make any sense.
             | 
             | Hell, even tipping people does not really make sense the
             | way it works in some places. A person working for a company
             | should receive enough pay from the company itself that they
             | don't have to actually rely on tips in order to make enough
             | money to survive. Tips should be a nice extra that
             | customers willingly add because of good service. Not a
             | forced extra percentage that they have to pay on every
             | transaction just so that the company can pay less to their
             | employees.
        
               | dventimi wrote:
               | I do not accept your guarantee.
        
               | bigfudge wrote:
               | There will be bullshit booking charges etc though. The
               | thrust of their point is largely correct. I really wish
               | people were more sensitive to being stiffed like we are
               | by these sorts of stupid charges ... that they arent
               | means there is often no alternative.
        
               | Denvercoder9 wrote:
               | I'll take bullshit charges that I can know about upfront
               | over being nagged for tips every day.
        
               | bigfudge wrote:
               | The point of bullshit charges is often to obscure total
               | cost upfront. We are absolutely rotten with them in the
               | UK. Not sure the US is better but I think they are really
               | anticompetitive because they create a cost to discovering
               | the true cost of goods. I have a personal policy of not
               | buying if I discover stupid charges at the end of a sales
               | pipeline but it's sometimes incredibly inconvenient.
        
               | inlined wrote:
               | I actually wonder if "tip the development team" makes
               | sense (assuming tipping is gratuity and not because an
               | employer pays below-living wages). Weirdly it might even
               | lead to quality improvement because low tip areas could
               | be detected and debugged.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | They won't be tips as such, but the average amount of the
               | tip will be baked into the price.
               | 
               | If people are willing to pay base charge + tip for an
               | Uber, then that is what robo-taxies will charge too.
               | Especially if one company is allowed to keep a monopoly
               | on the technology.
        
               | asda_ wrote:
               | Autonomous systems can ask for tips but humans would feel
               | much more comfortable not tipping.
        
             | thih9 wrote:
             | > I don't have to worry about tipping, or the driver taking
             | a longer route to charge me more. I don't have to worry
             | about small-talk, or awkwardly sitting in silence when I
             | normally would be talking with those I'm driving with.
             | 
             | This or an equivalent will arrive to a robo taxi near you
             | when the service inevitably gets enshittified to hell and
             | back.
             | 
             | Ads, trips shared with other humans, pay extra for heated
             | seats, etc.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | If you have smaller kids, most taxi rides are completely
             | illegal in any western country and very dangerous for kids.
             | Ever saw a taxi with 2 spare child seats or at least
             | boosters? They are required by law for very good reasons,
             | and those reasons are kids dying or ending up crippled even
             | in relatively mild crashes.
             | 
             | That's just one tiny example out of sea of examples.
        
               | resolutebat wrote:
               | In many countries, taxis are often specifically exempted
               | from child seat mandates. Doesn't make them any safer,
               | but it's not necessarily illegal.
        
               | xandrius wrote:
               | A quick search online shows that your statement is
               | misinformation, taxis can be exempted in many "western"
               | countries.
               | 
               | Before making such bold claims, you've got to know a
               | little tiny bit of the topic or at least look it up to
               | make sure.
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | I've taken taxis with infants and small children several
               | dozen times. It doesn't take me more than about twenty
               | seconds to pop the car seat out of the stroller and latch
               | it into the back seat of a taxi, for slightly older kids
               | we have a few lightweight folding booster seats, and
               | personally I've found that a car seat vest is
               | particularly handy and lightweight.
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | How do you make sure there isn't human semen or worse on
             | the seats on which you and your children will sit? At least
             | with taxis driven by humans you knew that there was someone
             | making sure that won't happen that often, but with
             | driverless taxis all bets are off.
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | Waymos have been far cleaner than the Ubers I've ridden
               | in. I think they are cleaned daily?
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I wonder how this affects the price. Is the price you're
               | paying now the real price, or a subsidised price?
        
               | pyrale wrote:
               | Well, how will taxi-sex enjoyers make sure that no
               | toddler vomited on the seat they intend to frolic on?
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | Do you think that Waymo doesn't have cameras inside the
               | car?
        
               | leoedin wrote:
               | Is that not just a general issue in public? Park bench?
               | Back of the bus? There could be human semen everywhere!
               | It's why I always insist on wrapping my kids in plastic
               | before letting them leave the house.
        
               | nl wrote:
               | Surely they have cameras? I'd trust that a lot more than
               | a taxi driver keeping their cab clean.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | When has that stopped anyone?
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | It may not stop someone the first time, but it's not hard
               | to block the reserving account and prevent a second time
               | from occurring. For most people the threat of being
               | placed on the "no-fly" list is sufficient to ensure
               | prosocial behavior.
        
               | Certhas wrote:
               | As someone with kids... What if there is? The presence of
               | dried Semen on a seat on which my kids sit will have zero
               | negative impact on them. At all.
               | 
               | Is it Yuck? Yes of course. But it also seems extremely
               | unlikely. And it's a lot less Yuck than thinking about
               | what's in the sand in public playgrounds that all kids
               | visit constantly. And while I have a reasonable chance of
               | preventing them from licking the seats, I have no chance
               | of preventing them from eating some sand.
               | 
               | This is just a bizarre irrational worry...
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | > This is just a bizarre irrational worry...
               | 
               | Do you and your kids take public transport regularly? In
               | a failing city/society, that is.
               | 
               | Because if the answer is "yes, I do take public transport
               | in a city that struggles to pay its bills and I still
               | don't care that the chairs have weird organic substances
               | on them" then fair-play to you, but for me personally at
               | some point I had to purchase a personal car (when I was
               | already approaching my mid-30s) because I just couldn't
               | convince myself anymore that it is ok to not want to sit
               | down inside of a train ("better stand up by the window,
               | that seat is too dirty").
               | 
               | And these robo-taxis will be worse than public transport,
               | for the main reason that there's no-one "standing guard"
               | inside of them (and, no, Big Brother cameras placed
               | inside of them, which should be a dedicated topic all by
               | itself, btw, really won't change a thing in that
               | respect).
        
               | Lewton wrote:
               | > And these robo-taxis will be worse than public
               | transport
               | 
               | If you soil a waymo taxi, they can ban you from ever
               | booking another one, the same cannot be said for public
               | transport
               | 
               | While I consider this somewhat dystopian, I do think it's
               | pretty clear that they will be much cleaner than public
               | transport for that reason
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Just so we're clear: You're agreeing right? You're
               | irrational about this and as a result it's damaged your
               | life.
               | 
               | You reached a situation where everyday things are "too
               | dirty" and rather than realising that's a mental health
               | problem and you might need to fix that, you... found an
               | expensive and elaborate coping strategy which
               | necessitates further crazy beliefs.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | I also shake strangers hands and eat food made by
               | teenagers and use public bathrooms and pet cats and sleep
               | in hotel rooms. My children (if/when they occur) will
               | attend daycare and school with other sacks of disease and
               | share the spoils with me, as is tradition. Our society is
               | dirty.
               | 
               | Do you avoid handrails and sanitize the doorknobs and gas
               | pumps you interact with? Those are going to be far worse
               | than subway chairs. It's probably not a bad idea, but
               | it's a bit beyond what I suspect most people consider
               | normal. I had a friend who lived like that, and he ended
               | up being diagnosed with OCD.
        
             | JeremyNT wrote:
             | > _Obviously this doesn 't cover all use cases for a car
             | (pretty sure you can't load a kayak onto a Waymo because
             | you'd block sensors), but it seems WAY better to me as
             | someone who doesn't like to deal with the people aspect of
             | Taxis._
             | 
             | In a world where waymo works as a taxi, it also works to
             | deliver a human-drivable rental car right to your door (and
             | send it on to the next customer when you're done with it).
             | 
             | So now the short term car rental user experience should be
             | dramatically better, even if the robotaxi isn't appropriate
             | for all the tasks.
        
           | charlie0 wrote:
           | This will boil down to availability and price. Taxis are
           | generally just too expensive to use often and also waits are
           | too long. Of course, I'm comparing cost of frequent taxis vs
           | buying a used car.
        
             | bigfudge wrote:
             | The other problem is the economics flips over once you also
             | have to own a car. The marginal cost of each trip goes down
             | ... but if waymo is good enough for 95% of the time the it
             | might not be necessary any more.
        
               | charlie0 wrote:
               | I personally don't think the price will ever drop low
               | enough for it to make sense to most people to drop cars
               | entirely. The US is notorious for being unwalkable, save
               | for a few select areas.
               | 
               | Working remotely helps a lot since there's no need to
               | drive every day, but it's only a fraction of overall
               | people who have this privilege.
               | 
               | Still, I'm looking forward to seeing Waymo at my town. It
               | would make a good DD and backup in case my car needs
               | repairs, etc.
        
             | resolutebat wrote:
             | In a place like Singapore, where a taxi ride is $10 but a
             | Corolla starts from $100,000, the equation will strongly
             | favor robotaxis for everyone.
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | I used to live in China where taxi usage was much more
           | ubiquitous, and...you really live to live in a world where
           | you aren't expected to live in a car, be it with public
           | transit (Europe, Japan) or public transit + lots of taxis
           | (China) or tuktuks or whatever. But yes, your hobbies tend to
           | be different and adapted, bikes, for example, get you places,
           | and are not taken places, or you get them on the train which
           | actually hits the trail head you want to use. You rent the
           | kayak on site, and there is always a place to do that because
           | lots of other people are in the same car-less boat as you
           | are.
           | 
           | You mention American at the end of your comment, but the rest
           | of the world isn't the same. Waymo doesn't really have to
           | limit itself to the states once they get the concept worked
           | out.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Having to depend on crappy rented sports equipment sounds
             | miserable. Maybe people in the rest of the world will
             | tolerate that but I want no part of it. I'll continue
             | buying my own personal large vehicles so that I can fill
             | them with as much stuff as I want.
             | 
             | When I'm out doing something, the car also serves as a
             | reasonably secure private locker where I can store things
             | without carrying them around.
        
               | dageshi wrote:
               | Sure, I don't imagine they care much about changing
               | everyones opinions. What will happen is your kids and
               | grand kids will reach an age where they would need to get
               | a driving license but won't see the point because they've
               | already been using robo-taxi's for 5 or so years already.
               | 
               | Hell there's people who just use uber exclusively now.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Unlikely. One kid already has a drivers license and uses
               | it frequently. I'll make sure the other kid gets one as
               | soon as she's eligible.
               | 
               | Not every young person spends all day hiding in their
               | room, doom scrolling on social media. Some of them have
               | to get to sports practice with bulky equipment in places
               | that public transit and robo-taxis don't go.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | You just live in a world where that is possible and
               | common. I just mentioned that much of the rest of the
               | world isn't like that all. Japan, for example, has
               | trains/trams straight to campgrounds, or at least buses.
               | They still manage with sports somehow, but you can
               | imagine that the dynamics are very different than from
               | what you are used to.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | You are an American and have that privilege. If we
               | granted that privilege to everyone else, the world
               | probably couldn't handle it, self driving taxis or not.
               | 
               | What's more I don't think we will have that privilege for
               | long, personal transportation is a luxury in most of the
               | world, it is becoming a luxury here also. We will adapt
               | though like everyone else has.
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | This will work for some people in some sports, but it's
             | hardly a universal solution. Many activities like rock
             | climbing or backcountry hiking/skiing, will never have good
             | public transport access.
             | 
             | Renting gear is fine for casual users, but serious
             | practioners in almost every sport are very particular about
             | their gear.
        
           | bigfudge wrote:
           | I think you're wrong about most of the scenarios on your
           | list. And once the market is mature, I can imagine it would
           | be great to be picked up in a minivan after a days cycling
           | somewhere new and not on a loop route.
           | 
           | Americans have become emotionally attached to cars because of
           | what they enable them to do. That might take a while to die.
           | But in Europe cars are more of a pita to own and run because
           | we have less space. I don't have any great love for mine. As
           | soon as waymo gets here and is reasonably priced I'll get rid
           | of my car.
        
             | codexb wrote:
             | Yeah, Americans just have more space, and America is just
             | far larger, and Americans often do relatively long road
             | trips to places where other modes of transportation are not
             | possible or prohibitively expensive. I don't think that is
             | ever going to die, nor should it.
        
           | ar0 wrote:
           | I don't know... I think a very big reason why people don't
           | take taxis is because they are very expensive especially for
           | longer rides. This seems like a thing robo taxis _might_
           | change. If the driver goes away, they shouldn't be much more
           | expensive than e.g. car rentals.
        
           | soco wrote:
           | All these examples are casual rides, while the context was
           | about taking the taxi daily to work. Of course you can keep
           | your car for the weekend drive to the mall, or to the slopes,
           | or if you're a soccer mom, but most employed people will
           | definitely save the daily commute. Expectations change in
           | face of convenience.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | That is because the choice is own car or taxi: the automobile
           | is the *only* supported choice for mobility in much of the
           | United States, to the detriment of any other mode of
           | transport.
           | 
           | People in the Netherlands get fine without a car: kids just
           | bike to school with their friends instead of sitting in the
           | backseat in traffic for 45m every morning. This is because
           | money and space is not spent exclusively in car
           | infrastructure, but cycling and walking and public transport.
        
           | asoneth wrote:
           | My family has a couple cars but we still ride with our kids
           | in taxis all the time, for example to the airport or into/out
           | of the city. Even hauling bikes isn't insurmountable -- we've
           | taken weeklong bike camping trips with friends and because
           | biking in a big circle isn't as much fun we hire a bigger
           | vehicle that can haul a dozen bikes to the starting point.
           | 
           | > Just because they're driven by computers now isn't going to
           | magically change all the reasons that people didn't use them
           | before (hint: it wasn't because they were driven by humans).
           | 
           | Sort of. The primary reason I don't hire vehicles more often
           | is cost, which is related to the human driver. The wealthiest
           | families I know are _much_ more likely to use a car service
           | to ferry family members around.
           | 
           | If there was a car service that could whisk us to school,
           | work, grocery shopping, etc with no more than 15 minutes
           | advanced notice for less than the cumulative cost of a
           | similarly-sized private vehicle I'd sell one of our cars in a
           | heartbeat. I have no idea whether that future is years or
           | decades away, but when it occurs many families I know would
           | go from 2 or 3 cars down to 1.
           | 
           | I'll admit that going from 1 car to 0 cars would be a tougher
           | sell. For that I'd have to be confident in five nines of
           | availability and vehicles that can haul equipment like bikes
           | and kayaks. But that doesn't seem like an insurmountable
           | problem, just a logistical one that'll take a bit longer.
        
           | golol wrote:
           | The only problem with Taxis is that they are expensive und
           | possibly not available. Both of these issues are very much
           | the kind of thing a robotaxi might fix.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | After two of my (women) friends were assaulted by Uber/Lyft
         | drivers, a weird smell is the least of my fears. If I'm sending
         | someone on a ride late a night, Waymo's lack of driver is a
         | _huge_ reason to prefer them over Uber /Lyft. But only if the
         | destination is in a safe neighborhood. A human driver's going
         | to be able to make a better assessment of if it's safe to let
         | someone off somewhere, vs Waymos will randomly drop you off
         | blocks away from your destination.
         | 
         | As far as humans suck at driving, it's not that they suck on
         | average, but that the ones who do suck at it don't always have
         | a sticker saying that they suck.
        
           | hossbeast wrote:
           | It is also that they suck on average.
        
             | saalweachter wrote:
             | Also, the really fantastic ones will be excellent for years
             | and years, and then one day they're slightly sleepy.
        
               | atlasunshrugged wrote:
               | Or get a text and get distracted at just the wrong time
        
               | galdosdi wrote:
               | These days to qualify as excellent you need good phone
               | discipline.
               | 
               | Eg, turn off the phone or turn off notifications, even
               | vibrations. Or at least make a strict rule to ignore it
               | while moving and only look while fully stopped, eg at a
               | stoplight although that's just decent driver grade not
               | excellent driver, because of the temptation the
               | notification will present each time.
               | 
               | A great driver also reviews the route for a couple of
               | minutes before leaving in order to reduce reliance on
               | GPS-- you still use GPS but because it's not the first
               | time you've seen the material, already know the shape of
               | the route, and just need reminders to encourage you
               | you're on the right track, the GPS will genuinely steal
               | far less attention. The two minutes will be well spent,
               | and may save lots of time, because it vastly reduces the
               | likelihood of wrong turns.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | I had to give up on the smart watch because being able to
               | turn your wrist and read a text is a _really_ bad feature
               | when driving, and I didn 't trust myself with it.
        
               | whatever1 wrote:
               | And that one day they will take the taxi.
               | 
               | Averages don't work for risk evaluation.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | Except for when they don't.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Broncos_bus_crash
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | Humans are astonishingly and unreasonably good at driving.
         | There are, indeed, a lot of traffic deaths but this is because
         | we drive a mind-boggling amount so even a very low rate of
         | fatalities adds up to a substantial number.
         | 
         | A significant portion of traffic deaths also occur in special
         | conditions-- at night, with intoxicated persons, in bad
         | weather.
         | 
         | Existing self driving cars won't even drive in those more
         | difficult conditions.
         | 
         | In terms of the passenger miles driven if you compare to non-
         | intoxicate humans the expected number of deaths for self
         | driving cars is still below 1 if they were as safe as non-
         | intoxicated human drivers.
         | 
         | Safer cars are an excellent goal but they're not automatically
         | a given result for self driving.
         | 
         | > Waymos avoid many of the Uber challenges: foul-smelling "air
         | fresheners," dubious music / talk radio choices, etc.
         | 
         | And introduces new ones like being dropped off blocks from your
         | destination because the car refuses to drive on perfectly fine
         | roads, service being unavailable in poor weather, and extending
         | Google's tracking of everything you do online to offline.
         | 
         | :D
         | 
         | Aside, you can just ask uber drivers to turn off the radio.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | > Humans are astonishingly and unreasonably good at driving.
           | There are, indeed, a lot of traffic deaths but this is
           | because we drive a mind-boggling amount so even a very low
           | rate of fatalities adds up to a substantial number
           | 
           | To put some numbers on it in the US cars are driven about 3.2
           | x 10^12 miles per year, and around 4 x 10^4 people are killed
           | in car accidents (drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and
           | cyclists).
           | 
           | That's one death per 8 x 10^7 miles.
           | 
           | There are around 2 x 10^6 people non-fatally injured in car
           | accidents per year in the US. That's an injury every 1.6 x
           | 10^6 miles.
           | 
           | There are around 4 x 10^6 non-injury car accidents per year
           | in the US, which is one every 8 x 10^5 miles.
           | 
           | If we assume all miles driving are equally risky and that we
           | drive 40 miles per day 365 days a year, then we would expect
           | to be in a non-injury car accident around once every 55
           | years, be injured in a car accident around once every 110
           | years, and be killed in a car accident around once every 5500
           | years.
           | 
           | Of course almost no one drives all their miles at times and
           | in conditions when the risk per mile is average so when
           | estimating your personal risk you need to take that into
           | account.
        
             | jogjayr wrote:
             | An injury every 1.6m miles isn't amazing. That is almost a
             | 1/3 lifetime chance of injury if you drive an average of
             | 12k miles annually for 50 years. (Sidenote: human units are
             | easier to read).
             | 
             | A comment I wrote 3 years ago has more:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26950254
             | 
             | The old "look at the person to your left, now look to the
             | person on your right" meme comes to mind. One of you will
             | probably have an accident with an injury in your lifetime.
             | 
             | I ran the same calculation for dying in a car accident and
             | got a lifetime probability of 0.7%, but I'm not sure I did
             | it right.
        
         | arconis987 wrote:
         | I live in SF, and I take it daily. It's cheaper than paying for
         | the parking garage near the office. And it's cheaper than Uber:
         | the base rate is similar to Uber's, but there is no need to add
         | a tip.
         | 
         | Waymo sometimes does weird, unexpected things - but safely.
         | Once it seemed to change its mind about the optimal route a few
         | times over the course of 10 seconds, switching safely between
         | two lanes back and forth a few times before committing. It used
         | its turn signal fine, and the lanes were clear, so it wasn't a
         | problem, but this isn't something humans do.
         | 
         | Sometimes it behaves oddly, but I have developed confidence
         | that it will do those odd things safely.
        
           | Staple_Diet wrote:
           | >Once it seemed to change its mind about the optimal route a
           | few times over the course of 10 seconds, switching safely
           | between two lanes back and forth a few times before
           | committing. It used its turn signal fine, and the lanes were
           | clear, so it wasn't a problem, but this isn't something
           | humans do.
           | 
           | Oh, I disagree, this is something I observe and in fact do
           | myself quite a lot. We all run it through our minds which
           | route might be the quickest spending on certain factors. The
           | difference is Waymo (or any tech) will base this on actual
           | data (i.e., getting there quicker) vs humans who will be more
           | emotionally driven (i.e., frustration at the driver in front,
           | wanting to take the more scenic route, being undecided about
           | stopping at that cafe halfway).
           | 
           | I'm all for self driving in highly populated areas. In a
           | perfect world I'd like to see it integrated into all
           | vehicles, and when entering specific areas you are told your
           | car will enter self-driving mode. Arguably this makes the
           | most business sense for Waymo, licence the underlying tech to
           | manufacturers that already have capacity to produce vehicles
           | vs compete.
        
             | Ratelman wrote:
             | Agreed on this - think wayve is attempting this - building
             | out the tech to license to manufacturers. Honestly makes
             | the most sense and love the idea that all cars can have
             | this and take over driving in specific areas.
        
             | galdosdi wrote:
             | Yes, but switching back and forth multiple times? I admit
             | to having done even this before too, but I certainly didn't
             | feel proud of myself after. A really good human driver
             | would avoid this kind of conduct by having a (just slight)
             | bias towards decision "stickiness" to avoid looking silly.
             | This isn't purely aesthetic-- looking silly or bizarre,
             | even if technically safe and legal and effecient, in your
             | driving behavior can attract police attention (not a
             | concern for self driving I suppose).
             | 
             | That said I admit if these are the kinds of complaints we
             | are discussing, as opposed to the kinds Uber attracted
             | (like running a woman over in Nevada), Waymo must be doing
             | pretty well. These are nitpicks to gradually address, not
             | fundamental issues. Kudos to waymo, it was always obvious
             | they were nearly the only player seriously trying
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | > We all run it through our minds which route might be the
             | quickest spending on certain factors. The difference is
             | Waymo (or any tech) will base this on actual data (i.e.,
             | getting there quicker) vs humans who will be more
             | emotionally driven [...]
             | 
             | I expect that robot taxis will be both consumers _and_
             | producers of that actual data. They will likely report the
             | traffic conditions they experience back to the company that
             | runs the robot taxi service, and that will become input to
             | the rest of the fleet.
             | 
             | If the time it takes for observations from a given robot
             | taxi to be incorporated into the data received by other
             | robot taxis is short enough it might be possible to get
             | interesting feedback loops. It may even be possible to get
             | oscillations.
        
             | bsimpson wrote:
             | This tracks with how the messaging about Waymo has changed.
             | 
             | Early on, they had those concept cars that looked like they
             | belonged at Disneyland or in a Chevron commercial. Then,
             | they started modding off-the-shelf cars at talking up the
             | Waymo Driver. I think at some point they decided their core
             | competence would be self-driving specifically, leaving the
             | "car of the future" bit to traditional car companies.
        
           | skipkey wrote:
           | I have video from my dashcam of a Waymo taxi doing a sudden
           | three lane change, in moderately heavy traffic, to do a left
           | turn to enter a freeway. This was a month or so ago. I really
           | hope a human was involved in that. If not, there's no way I
           | would consider riding in one. If an officer had seen it, they
           | would likely have written a ticket to a human.
        
             | jwagenet wrote:
             | Human drivers cross multiple lanes if heavy traffic all the
             | time and certainly aren't ticketed.
        
           | willsmith72 wrote:
           | why are we tipping uber drivers?
        
             | doug_durham wrote:
             | Because they are humans who need to eat.
        
               | willsmith72 wrote:
               | that argument applies to literally every single person to
               | ever exist. do you tip every one you interact with on a
               | daily basis? coffee server, bus driver, lunch server,
               | office cleaner, hairdresser, grocery assistant...
               | 
               | maybe it's a cultural difference
        
         | andyjohnson0 wrote:
         | > I live in Phoenix and now take Waymo regularly, and it seems
         | like we're close to a world in which most people take self-
         | driving cars most of the time
         | 
         | I live in a big city (larger population than Phoenix) in the Uk
         | and I've never even _seen_ a self-driving car. Anywhere. I don
         | 't even think such a thing exists on public roads in my
         | country. That Gibson quote about the future not being evenly
         | distributed, etc.
         | 
         | Just a data-point.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | Waymo is basically unique in offering Level 4 Self Driving
           | (hence this article) and they only do this in a small number
           | of locations in the US, such as (parts of) Phoenix - so, yes,
           | you're correct that in the UK, or indeed anywhere outside of
           | those few locations, there aren't real "Self Driving" cars.
           | 
           | You won't know if people have Level 3 "Self Driving" cars
           | because unlike Level 4, the Level 3 cars always have a human
           | sat in the driving seat, it's just that maybe the human isn't
           | paying attention and _maybe_ the car is driving anyway. It
           | may be difficult to gauge (beyond guessing) how many people
           | you see are bad drivers and how many aren 't actually driving
           | at all under L3...
           | 
           | L1 (the machine does some of the work but a human driver is
           | always doing much of the driving) is certainly something you
           | see and don't even think about. Intelligent Cruise control
           | (ie it won't smack into the car ahead but instead slow down)
           | on a motorway, maybe automatic lane keeping on somebody's
           | fancier or newer car, it's not "Self driving" as you'd
           | understand it, but it's something.
           | 
           | The way these "Levels" work is L3 to L4 is the point where we
           | transition from "The human is legally driving but the machine
           | is offering more and more assistance" to "The machine is
           | legally driving and the human is asked less and less often to
           | do anything at all". As a result a person who is literally
           | _blind_ and thus couldn 't possible drive the car or obtain a
           | license to do so - can (and they do) use a Waymo, just like
           | they'd use an Uber, but they cannot do the same with Tesla
           | "Full Self Driving".
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | There are only a handful of Level 3 autonomous driving
             | systems in existence. The Mercedes-Benz Drive Pilot system
             | illuminates exterior turquoise lights to indicate when it's
             | active so you don't have to guess who is driving. I'm not
             | sure whether Drive Pilot is available in the UK yet.
             | 
             | https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/technology/mercedes-
             | use-t...
        
           | returningfory2 wrote:
           | > I live in a big city (larger population than Phoenix) in
           | the Uk
           | 
           | That's an interesting way of saying you live in London ;)
           | 
           | (Phoenix urban area is more populous than every urban area in
           | the UK except for London)
        
             | andyjohnson0 wrote:
             | Manchester not London.
             | 
             | According to Kagi the population of Greater Manchester is
             | 2.8 million vs 1.61 for Phoenix.
        
               | iamdelirium wrote:
               | You're comparing a county area (Greater Manchester) with
               | the direct city population.
               | 
               | Phoenix's metro population alone is 4.8m.
        
               | andyjohnson0 wrote:
               | You're right. Thanks for pointing that out.
               | 
               | I think my point stands, that even large urban areas in
               | the UK have no SDVs.
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | Sure, it's also worth pointing out nobody in Pheonix has ever
           | seen a person with universal healthcare or free university
           | education.
           | 
           | Countries develop at different rates on different things.
        
         | HeyTomesei wrote:
         | I disagree.
         | 
         | Phoenix has the perfect climate for self-driving cars.
         | 
         | It will require a major technological leap in order for them to
         | succeed in the "real world" (fog, rain, snow, etc).
        
           | boulos wrote:
           | Disclosure: I work for Waymo.
           | 
           | We handle both dense fog and heavy rain on the latest
           | vehicles. The best blog post is probably
           | https://waymo.com/blog/2021/11/a-fog-blog/ but you can find a
           | lot of videos in the rain.
           | 
           | Snow and very cold weather is a challenge for sensor
           | cleaning. We've done some testing in both NYC and Buffalo
           | (https://waymo.com/blog/2023/11/road-trip-how-our-cross-
           | count...) to collect data.
        
             | 83 wrote:
             | I'm rooting for you, but I live in snow country and always
             | have a chuckle any time someone says self driving will be
             | ready soon. There's so many situations that need to be
             | handled when driving in winter and some of them I can't
             | even imagine how you'd address in software.
             | 
             | Winter here changes daily between
             | 
             | - no road lines visible
             | 
             | - snow packed into ice randomly making the road a a
             | camouflage pattern
             | 
             | - snow is fresh/deep so no road is visible and you navigate
             | based on the slight hump in the snow where you know there's
             | a curb
             | 
             | - same as above, but instead of a curb a slight indent
             | where there's a ditch
             | 
             | - slush piles outside the tire lanes, which if hit will
             | suck you in or cause you to spin out
             | 
             | - ice/snow on hills, so time your arrival for rolling stops
             | at intersections because stopping is not an option
             | 
             | - active snowfall (limited camera vision, and I'm guessing
             | reduced/useless signal from lidar)
             | 
             | - hail
             | 
             | - sporadic black ice (its easy to slow down when its icy
             | everywhere, but knowing when and where black ice is likely
             | when it's sporadic is a skill)
             | 
             | - the "lanes" formed by peoples tires in the snow often
             | don't align with the official road, and sometimes a lane
             | goes missing in this situation
             | 
             | And all that's after you deal with sensor cleaning.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | What will happen is that you just won't be able to go
               | anywhere until the roads are cleared. That is probably
               | not a bad thing, it will allow plow trucks to clear the
               | roads more quickly without having to navigate around
               | people driving (or trying to drive) on the uncleared
               | roads, spun out/stuck vehicles, crashes, etc.
        
               | 83 wrote:
               | We're not really at self driving if the solution for poor
               | conditions is "don't drive".
               | 
               | Snow drifts in the wind, side roads don't get regularly
               | plowed, and conditions change rapidly so unless they can
               | handle the majority of the list above then they won't be
               | able to handle winter period.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | I'm saying that the limits of self-driving cars will be
               | an excuse to force us to behave the way the authorities
               | want us to behave. For better or worse.
        
               | danielrhodes wrote:
               | I'm not saying I would trust getting into a Waymo now in
               | those conditions, but I also wouldn't assume the same
               | things that are difficult for humans will be difficult
               | for self driving. I'm optimistic these hurdles can be
               | overcome.
        
               | 83 wrote:
               | Oh I'm also optimistic they can be overcome, I'm just
               | less optimistic on the timeline. I'll be pleasantly
               | surprised if self driving can handle winter a few decades
               | from now.
        
       | notum wrote:
       | Full article:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20240529210213/https://fortune.c...
        
       | ripe wrote:
       | Robotaxis are "a real business"? Maybe in the future, but not
       | yet. From the article:
       | 
       | > But even the most bullish believers in autonomous
       | transportation acknowledge the tech still has a ways to go before
       | it's reliable enough for widespread deployment on U.S. roads.
        
         | xvedejas wrote:
         | They're the present here in SF, driving every day and more
         | safely than the humans do. And as a human driver, I can testify
         | that these streets are not particularly easy to drive on.
        
           | robotnikman wrote:
           | They are here in the Phoenix area too and I have not seen and
           | issues with them. However, we are blessed by sunny weather
           | 99% of the time. I think the biggest challenges will be
           | having them drive in adverse weather conditions present
           | throughout the rest of the country, such as blizzards, hail,
           | torrential rain, dense fog.
        
             | hnburnsy wrote:
             | Not just sunny weather, but straight streets laid out in a
             | N/S and E/W pattern, very little grade, and consistent
             | numbering\naming across cities.
        
             | arebop wrote:
             | We have abundant fog and seasonal rain in SF, but not much
             | hail or snow.
             | 
             | That's why they've done winter testing in Tahoe (since
             | 2017) and Buffalo NY (last winter).
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Waymo is likely already better than a upper-quartile meat
             | module under those conditions.
             | https://x.com/Boenau/status/1795495310170685915
        
             | chpatrick wrote:
             | I used one when it was somehow raining in Phoenix and it
             | worked fine apart from being a bit confused by a puddle
             | when stopping.
        
             | cut3 wrote:
             | Oh they have issues. Waymos are super janky when they are
             | in parking lots, often just sitting in the middle of the
             | driving lane waiting for their fare. I dont think they know
             | how to park in a lot correctly.
             | 
             | It is also funny to watch them get stuck behind busses,
             | having followed too close to safely go around them when the
             | bus stops to pickup/dropoff.
             | 
             | Also Ive seen multiple instances of them trying to turn
             | left on red and pull far enough into an intersection to
             | cause issues.
             | 
             | Finally when I am on my skateboard they dont seem to
             | recognize me as they drive very very close and fast, though
             | I havent felt risky enough to really test this.
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | Interesting, as a cyclist Waymos have always been very
               | aware of me and usually slow down for me if I've taken
               | the lane, and stop for me if it's starting to move after
               | picking up someone but sees me pass. I wonder if their
               | training set doesn't have enough skateboarders.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | I don't think blizzards, hail, torrential rain, and dense
             | fog will be particularly challenging for waymos, at least
             | not keeping the card driving in a controlled a predictable
             | state.
             | 
             | The hard thing is that every other human car acts randomly
             | because they don't say, have winter tires, and unlike
             | waymo, don't have the very quick control loop.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | You know, that's a challenge for human drivers as well. Try
             | getting an Uber during those weather events, their might be
             | one or two running crazily to get super surge pricing when
             | there are usually a few hundred.
        
           | clpm4j wrote:
           | Yes, they're actually awesome. 'Waymo' has replaced 'Uber' in
           | my vocabulary, e.g. "Let's just Waymo there".
        
             | a0986373 wrote:
             | How much does the average trip go for distances such as
             | your use case?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _How much does the average trip go for distances such
               | as your use case?_
               | 
               | They seem to undercut Uber and Lyft by a hair. Given the
               | longer wait times, and lack of a need to tip, that seems
               | fair. (In San Francisco, they undercut by a wider margin.
               | But human ride shares are more expensive there for a
               | variety of reasons.)
        
               | brrwind wrote:
               | That's not my experience. I've rarely seen a comparably
               | priced ride. They're usually at least 50% more expensive
               | than Uber or Lyft.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _usually at least 50% more expensive than Uber or Lyft_
               | 
               | Hmm, I used them this weekend and was comparing pricing.
               | Waymo was cheaper. That said, I wasn't riding during peak
               | traffic. And in peak traffic, I'd vastly prefer a Waymo.
               | So I get the premium pricing.
        
               | philkrie wrote:
               | In my experience it seems that the price floor is higher,
               | but the ceiling is lower. Short rides (~10 min) that
               | might cost 8-9$ (before tip) on Uber / Lyft, cost $18-20
               | on Waymo. If I'm going to the other side of San Francisco
               | (say, North Beach to Stonestown), it will be $33-35. I've
               | never seen it in the $40s-50s as I often do with Uber /
               | Lyft for long distance trips during surge pricing. But
               | that's just anecdotal.
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | Why is that? Waymo has lower labor costs right?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Not if you count the billions that have been sank into
               | developing the product. Also, there's no incentive to
               | undercut market rate for rides, that's just leaving money
               | on the table. Collusion but also not.
        
               | clpm4j wrote:
               | On average, within SF (say, a 3-4 mile trip), is
               | typically ~$20. Peak times on Friday or Saturday evenings
               | can definitely exceed $35, but I've yet to have any ride
               | go above $50.
        
               | a0986373 wrote:
               | Does it matter if you enter with multiple people? Does
               | the charge go up (whereas Uber/Lyft grants you 3+ seats
               | by default)?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Doesn't matter, and the total is 4 people.
        
         | okdood64 wrote:
         | FWIW: I feel safer driving and walking by to one than I do the
         | average human driver.
        
           | xvedejas wrote:
           | The 1% worst human drivers are really quite unpredictable.
           | You're never certain with any human driver whether they're
           | going to drive like a maniac, but you do know you're not
           | getting that with a Waymo.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | With a human I can look at their face to see that they see
             | me. How do I know a robot sees me? Do they have indications
             | that say "I see you and won't drive" like a driver looking
             | at you in the face and waving?
        
               | xvedejas wrote:
               | As a cyclist/pedestrian I'm used to drivers ignoring me
               | anyway, YMMV
        
               | int0x29 wrote:
               | With tinted windows and glare I already can't see like
               | 75% of drivers. At least driverless cars reliably signal
               | so I don't have to do pose estimation with the front
               | wheels to cross the street. Also they aren't on their
               | phones.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Streaming live video non-stop to the Internet, arguably
               | Waymos are "on the phone" more than humans :p
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | So answer my question, how do I know the Waymo sees me?
               | With a human I can tell 90% of the time where I live (we
               | have tint laws and stuff).
               | 
               | I can't see trusting that a robot sees me, otherwise I
               | guess I'm just giving deference to them now?
               | 
               | At least with humans I can see if they are distracted, I
               | can yell at them to get attention, perhaps others. With a
               | robot taxi, I can't tell anything about it, and I'm a
               | software dev so I absolutely don't trust anything running
               | software made by a corporation in search of profits, or
               | any other software really, to operate a car in open
               | roads. Not yet at least, maybe in a few decades.
        
               | gretch wrote:
               | That's not all of the possible cases.
               | 
               | "In 2022, 13,524 people died in alcohol-impaired driving
               | traffic deaths."
               | 
               | Source nhtsa.gov
               | 
               | You're gonna briefly glimpse a passed out drunk driver
               | before it plows through you at 40 mph
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | Drivers can stare right at you as they run you over.
               | Believing you have eye contact does not prevent you from
               | being run over.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | > like a driver looking at you in the face and _waving_
               | 
               | your reading comprehension sucks
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | Maybe sometimes, but not this time.
               | 
               | "With a human I can look at their face to see that they
               | see me."
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | Did you read the whole thing buddy? Guess not! I guess
               | reading isn't your thing.
        
               | pmg101 wrote:
               | Anything "can" happen. But having driven and cycled many
               | thousands of miles I'm convinced the probability of being
               | run down/driven into by someone who has made eye contact
               | is a lot lower than by someone who has not, so eye
               | contact is a useful signal. Like GP I'd be happier if
               | robotaxis could not only sense me but also send me a
               | signal to inform me they had (beyond just changing their
               | driving behaviour, although that is in itself a useful
               | signal too of course.)
        
         | lvspiff wrote:
         | I was blown away going around Tempe/Scottsdale - Waymos
         | everywhere with people walking around, crossing streets
         | randomly to get to a spring training game, doing bar crawls (it
         | was st patricks day) and what blew me away was they pulled up
         | in front of hotel and even made a quick u-turn to get out of
         | the parking lot. I mean this is really impressive stuff. The
         | future is now imho.
         | 
         | I will give tempe/scottsdale credit though - they have their
         | roads around the major tourist hubs in GREAT shape - the lines
         | crisp and the lights bright and new - I think it makes it much
         | easier for a waymo to get around.
        
           | boc wrote:
           | Waymos do the same thing in SF where the streets are much
           | denser, traffic is weirder, hills are way steeper, and the
           | roads aren't in perfect shape by any means. The amount of
           | impressive navigation I've seen around delivery trucks, weird
           | construction patterns, etc has been pretty wild. They seem
           | way ahead of the other options on the road.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Could some of that impressive driving have been done by
             | remote human operators?
        
               | boc wrote:
               | Not from what I've seen - it happens in real-time just
               | like most human drivers. I don't believe that a remote
               | controlled operator is even permitted, but I could be
               | wrong.
               | 
               | Waymos drive fairly fast and aggressively in rush hour
               | traffic too, which is why I enjoy sharing the road with
               | them. I was initially worried they'd drive like a grandma
               | but that hasn't been the case. Also as a cyclist I enjoy
               | riding near them because they know I'm there and they
               | give you enough space in the bike lane.
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | "Robo taxis" as they currently exist are pretty obviously not
         | the long term goal, it's not an interesting business, it's just
         | an easy test platform that recoups some costs.
         | 
         | The real business is an entire transit system, with purpose-
         | built vehicles of various sizes, centralized routing, etc.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | Cars are a real business despite being unable to navigate open
         | water. What matters is that it's profitable, not whether it
         | works everywhere. Waymo appears to be unit profitable on a cash
         | basis. (It's far from recouping its investment into R&D.)
        
         | drewg123 wrote:
         | I took one in Chandler last year, and it was amazing.
         | Especially in combination with my Tesla and its "Full Self
         | Driving". It kept up with traffic, turned confidently, yielded
         | to pedestrians, etc.
         | 
         | The biggest (only?) complaint I had is that it would not
         | pickup/dropoff at the curb at our hotel. So if it was raining,
         | we'd have had to walk out in the rain to meet the car in a
         | parking spot.
        
         | jonathanberger wrote:
         | Does a business have to be widely deployed or profitable to be
         | real? The public and private capital markets say "no". If you
         | were to ignore any business that isn't widely available you'd
         | miss the beginning of both Apple and Facebook.
         | 
         | Waymo is a real business serving 50,000 rides each week
         | delivering paying customers to their destination. If you
         | haven't tried it yet, the product is amazing. Private, doesn't
         | cancel, safe, and smooth. I will never take Uber again if I
         | have the choice.
        
           | ripe wrote:
           | How many humans are involved in this so-called driverless
           | service? Waymo won't say, but Cruise admitted [1] that about
           | 1.5 people were actively monitoring and ready to take over
           | control for every Cruise car. That's not a sustainable
           | business.
           | 
           | How much money is Waymo bleeding every quarter? Maybe the
           | investors don't care, but it's relevant if you want to call
           | it a real business.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38145997
        
           | Detrytus wrote:
           | Profitability is my definition of "real business" vs. for
           | example, a lot of SV unicorns: if the business cannot sustain
           | itself financially from its core revenue stream, and needs
           | cash injections from "investors" then it's a pyramid scheme,
           | not a business.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | Fortune is where you go to buy fantasy headlines. If Fortune
         | says it out loud, you know, it's almost certainly false, but
         | someone somewhere really wants you to be fooled.
        
       | pasttense01 wrote:
       | It's only going to be a real business when they approach
       | profitability--now they have massive losses.
        
       | greenthrow wrote:
       | Waymos are not full robotaxis. It's an illusion provided by
       | having the humans responsible for the cars in a remote location.
       | We don't have transparency on how that system runs and how often
       | the humans intervene. We also sweep under the rug many, many non-
       | crash traffic incidents. Watch videos on Youtube of peoplr taking
       | Waymos and you will see the cars do lots of dumb stuff. If there
       | were lots more of them it would make traffic even more of a
       | problem than it is today.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Waymo says they do not do remote controlled driving. The remote
         | operators can only give hints to the self-driving system, such
         | as "make a U-turn and take a different route". They don't trust
         | the data connection to have good enough latency for remote
         | control. Baidu, which has some self-driving cars in China,
         | reportedly does use remote manual driving when necessary.
         | Probably more than they admit, because it was a big thing that
         | it was available for the 2022 Olympics.
         | 
         | BYD recently announced that they will not be using BYD's
         | technology. Not good enough for production cars.
         | 
         | Waymo still has rather bulky rotating LIDAR scanners. That
         | technology needs to shrink more before wide deployment. A few
         | years ago, there were lots of LIDAR startups, but few LIDAR
         | buyers, so that industry collapsed.
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Wait till activists start setting SDCs on fire before calling it
       | a "real business".
        
         | NullHypothesist wrote:
         | No need to wait...
         | https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/11/24069251/waymo-driverless...
        
           | ein0p wrote:
           | Exactly. And there's no dude there to prevent it.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | A human driver's not going to stop a gang of hooligans from
             | throwing a Molotov their way.
        
               | ein0p wrote:
               | But they would. For one thing, a human would just drive
               | away. For another, a mob would have no reason to attack a
               | broke-ass taxi driver, while they have every moral
               | justification to attack a $3T gigacorp built on
               | surveillance capitalism.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Maybe the Tutsis had autonomous vehicles or were tools of
               | surveillance capitalism? You can never be too sure right?
               | After all, their attackers as you make clear must have
               | had "every moral justification" to kill _hundreds of
               | thousands of people_ right ?
        
               | ein0p wrote:
               | Seems pretty weird to compare destruction of insured
               | property to Rwandan genocide, but hey man, you do you
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | They _don 't_ have any such moral justification, and they
               | _do_ attack broke-ass taxi drivers despite having no
               | justification for that either (just substitute, e.g.,
               | "small locally owned shop" for "taxi driver" in the
               | London riots).
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | I much prefer Waymos as a pedestrian. They always stop at stop
       | signs.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | The most common place for pedestrians to die is on the side of
         | low speed highways at night. They're typically struck from
         | behind.
         | 
         | The other common mode is secondary to an original crash.
         | Vehicles either are pushed into different roadways, over
         | abutments, or down hills, which causes the vehicle to roll or
         | otherwise crash into pedestrian areas without warning. This is
         | most common in winter conditions.
        
       | renegade-otter wrote:
       | New York City is not going to see robo taxis for a very, very
       | long time. We are just now catching up to the rest of the cities
       | in terms of how garbage is collected, after about a hundred
       | years.
        
         | desert_rue wrote:
         | Plus subway bits that are from the 1930s
        
         | asah wrote:
         | Sadly I agree: NYC users will trash the cars.
        
           | renegade-otter wrote:
           | It's not just that - it's a crazy city and we all jaywalk. No
           | automated vehicle can handle NYC, barring dedicated streets
           | (which I feel like is what will happen).
        
         | Karrot_Kream wrote:
         | Is that an issue? It's a dense city which puts the pedestrian
         | on top of the transit hierarchy. There's no need for cars
         | there. Phoenix is car-dependent sprawl and even after removing
         | parking minimums, upzoning, and running BRT or other high LOS
         | transit, you're still looking at large parts of the city where
         | it'll probably take decades to be viable to run transit to and
         | are impossible to walk to. In SF the core is walkable and has
         | great transit but the moment you get to the outer neighborhoods
         | transit LOS decreases significantly and there's large parts
         | unserviced. Waymo makes more sense there. Plus SF is abutted by
         | suburbs with retirement-age-and-above populations who fight
         | densification at every turn where it's impossible to get from
         | city-center to city-center via any form of transit.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/WyCfF
        
       | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
       | "made robo-taxis a real business" sounds like a dig at Enron
       | Musk. I believe he first started calling self driving cars that.
        
       | inamberclad wrote:
       | Horses all retired. They successfully automated their jobs and
       | now live in a post-scarcity Horseconomy
        
       | nevertoolate wrote:
       | They have a fairly big weakness. If someone takes over their
       | control these taxis are basically weapons. You have to admit that
       | the question is not if this is possible but how will it pan out.
        
         | huygens6363 wrote:
         | I agree, but that's an argument against cars in general.
         | 
         | Turns out cars are a bit too bulky and pricey to repurpose as
         | shanks.
        
         | nmca wrote:
         | This is already true of many consumer vehicles and thus less
         | exacerbated by Waymo than you imply
        
         | greiskul wrote:
         | People can literally just go to a car rental service right now
         | and do that as well. Or use a car service app. Or rob someone
         | elses car.
         | 
         | Most people in society don't really have a desire to run amok.
        
           | fire_lake wrote:
           | I think OP means remotely control the car.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | The problem is that you can't "remotely control the car".
             | If you have the same level of access as Waymo's actual
             | humans you can suggest to a Waymo driver (ie the machine)
             | hey, the way to resolve this situation you are in might be
             | to inch forward into this position - and _maybe_ in some
             | cases you can trick it into causing harm this way. However
             | I 'd guess in the vast majority of cases all you do is trap
             | it so that it gets into a situation where it can't see any
             | action it's allowed to take which gets closer to its goals
             | - so it gives up and just sits there.
             | 
             | The _most_ crucial insight for Self Driving Cars is that
             | this is _not_ the trolley problem.  "I give up, stop where
             | I am" is a valid answer.
             | 
             | We actually _have built_ automation where  "just give up"
             | isn't a valid answer. CAT IIIc autoland (on a jet liner)
             | has "Fail Active" scenarios where the machine concludes
             | just before touch down that it no longer has confidence in
             | its position due to one or more sudden sensor failures but
             | the human pilots can't possibly intercede quickly enough to
             | be safe and under IIIc conditiosn they can't see anything
             | anyway, so, although the aeroplane will _tell_ the human
             | pilots that a failure occurred, it will nevertheless
             | attempt to continue the now unsafe landing in this edge
             | case. Most likely despite the reduced sensor validity, this
             | is successful and everybody lives, and if not it 's not as
             | though the humans could have reacted in time anyway. But
             | self driving isn't like that, the plane is _flying_ , if it
             | were to just stop flying everybody dies. In contrast a car
             | can just stop and it's merely annoying.
        
               | fire_lake wrote:
               | > The problem is that you can't "remotely control the
               | car".
               | 
               | The assumption is that the highly networked car has some
               | kind of security vulnerability that allows malicious
               | users to take control and perform acts of terror.
               | 
               | Since this is in software, the attacker can theoretically
               | scale the attack to involve all cars on the road with the
               | same vulnerabilities, which could be millions of
               | vehicles.
               | 
               | This problem is not unique to self driving cars - just
               | any highly networked car with software control of key
               | systems, like a modern Tesla. However, a full self
               | driving car may not manual overrides that allow the
               | passenger to stop the vehicle.
        
         | Mashimo wrote:
         | In theory you could also hack the many self driving trains that
         | exists around the globe.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | Two things about the self-driving trains make that _even less
           | appealing_ than a Waymo
           | 
           | 1. They're mostly even _more_ local. The Waymo Driver is in
           | your car, the  "driver" for say a DLR train is inside the
           | train too. Unlike Waymo they aren't running multiple live
           | feeds to remote oversight, even the emergency human
           | intervention is literally on board with you. There's somebody
           | wearing a uniform telling those tourists that no, Abbey Road
           | is an outer suburb with a sewage pumping station, they're on
           | the wrong train for the famous Beatles photograph. The person
           | in the uniform is trained to drive the train if there's some
           | reason the automation can't do it, nobody can do that from a
           | control room miles away. In the even higher (and rare) GoA
           | systems where nobody aboard can drive the train even if they
           | need to, remote oversight _still_ may need to dispatch a
           | specialist to rescue a failed train.
           | 
           | 2. They're mostly "grade separated" that is, they're either
           | underground or suspended in the air, or maybe in fenced off
           | ground-level areas, so you can't use a "hacked" train to hurt
           | anybody except its passengers or maybe, in some cases,
           | passengers on a nearby train.
        
             | Mashimo wrote:
             | > so you can't use a "hacked" train to hurt anybody except
             | its passengers or maybe, in some cases, passengers on a
             | nearby train.
             | 
             | Yes, is that not enough?
        
       | vincnetas wrote:
       | As a proponent of good public transportation I'm a bit afraid
       | that automated taxis will get big enough in USA that they will
       | start influence city wide decisions on how to develop city
       | transport network even in Europe when time comes for them to
       | expand their business.
        
         | baron816 wrote:
         | I'm sorry but good public transit in the US isn't going to
         | happen. Passenger rail has never been profitable anywhere since
         | its very inception. With the rise of remote work, and declining
         | ratios of working-age populations putting increasing pressure
         | on public finances, we're just never going to see a widespread
         | expansion of public transit.
         | 
         | AVs give us a path toward a world where very few people need to
         | own their own car. We can put all those parking spaces to
         | better use. We can improve equity by giving more people access
         | to safe, reliable, affordable, and convenient point-to-point
         | transportation. Being able to consistently get a ride to where
         | you need to go is something we consistently under-appreciate.
         | It means being able to get a better paying job on the other
         | side of town. Or not having to worry about missing a dialysis
         | appointment, or a meeting with your parole officer or
         | therapist. When the marginal cost of a robotaxi/robobus ride is
         | close to zero is when the AI economic boom will really begin.
        
           | skywhopper wrote:
           | How exactly will a robotaxi ride ever reach zero marginal
           | cost?
        
             | baron816 wrote:
             | With competition. The marginal cost for each ride is just
             | cheap, abundant energy from renewables, and maintenance.
        
           | c-cube wrote:
           | And the day the Google bot decides to close your account for
           | obscure reasons, with no recourse, all you can do is stay in
           | bed and starve cause all these things are now inaccessible to
           | you ? Even if self driving actually happens, it'll be the
           | ultimate surveillance-ridden, enshitiffied service that will
           | ruin not just the internet but our whole lives and cities.
        
           | eliaspro wrote:
           | > Passenger rail has never been profitable anywhere since its
           | very inception.
           | 
           | Interestingly, no one ever argued for the profitability of
           | cars, so all we can do now is to calculate the overall
           | economic costs and societal benefits and that's where public
           | transport clearly and easily wins.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | No need to be afraid. Public transport will evolve to include
         | small autonomous vehicles. The economies of scale you get by
         | packing people in larger vehicles mostly have to do with the
         | cost of fuel and staffing.
         | 
         | Electrical autonomous vehicles don't have a need for a driver
         | and electricity is relatively cheap. So you don't get much
         | economies of scale by making them bigger. Most city journeys
         | would be under a kwh. Even at current grid pricing that's
         | cheap.
         | 
         | Eventually, cheap autonomous vehicles could be mass produced at
         | low cost and would have very low operational cost. So the ride
         | cost would be comparable to, or lower than, current public
         | transport options.
        
           | Denvercoder9 wrote:
           | > The economies of scale you get by packing people in larger
           | vehicles mostly have to do with the cost of fuel and
           | staffing.
           | 
           | Trains (and train-like options such as metros) are vastly
           | more efficient than cars in number of people moved per unit
           | of time per area used. That might not be a big deal in
           | suburbia, but in dense inner cities it's one of the most
           | important drivers of public transport.
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | Autonomous vehicles could chain up or drive really close
             | together and achieve similar space efficiency. Also, if you
             | look at a train track. It's mostly empty space with a train
             | passing occasionally. Very different than a well used road.
             | And autonomous vehicles could collaborate to counter any
             | congestion.
             | 
             | What makes trains efficient has more to do with the cost of
             | energy and drivers than anything else. Both of those go
             | away if you have autonomous electrical vehicles.
        
               | drozycki wrote:
               | Not according to civil engineers (it's not even close)
               | 
               |  _Private motor vehicles: 600 - 1600 per hour
               | 
               | Mixed traffic with frequent buses: 1000 - 2800 per hour
               | 
               | Two-way protected bikeway: 7500 per hour
               | 
               | Dedicated transit lane: 4000 - 8000 per hour
               | 
               | Sidewalk: 9000 per hour
               | 
               | On-street transitway, bus or rail: 10000 - 25000 per
               | hour_
               | 
               | https://nacto.org/publication/transit-street-design-
               | guide/in...
        
               | ec109685 wrote:
               | That graph those numbers are pulled from should
               | incorporate speed. Otherwise, you could say sidewalks are
               | more efficient than cars.
        
               | morsch wrote:
               | Urban train tracks see more than occasional traffic,
               | whatever that means. And those trains often carry
               | hundreds of people. Meanwhile, a well used road is well
               | used by huge vehicles carrying 1.2 pax on average.
               | 
               | And energy isn't free. If we had any intention of
               | becoming net zero, electricity prices had better
               | increase. And driving around 2t empty weight isn't the
               | way to get there.
               | 
               | Incidentally, a trip that's less than 1 kWh (so, less
               | than 6 km) is a trip that could easily be made on foot or
               | by bike.
        
               | slyall wrote:
               | That "train passing occasionally" holds the equivalent of
               | hundreds of cars.
               | 
               | A random crappy light rail line will do the equivalent of
               | 5 lanes of traffic (each direction). A serious subway
               | more like 20.
               | 
               | https://visual.ly/community/Infographics/transportation/s
               | olu...
               | 
               | Even if you run cars with no distance between the bumpers
               | you'll still need room for changing lanes, crossing and
               | the line.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | These comparisons are never quite apples-to-apples
               | because the heavy rail line assumes only a few passengers
               | have any luggage and that the entire line is used only
               | for passengers, whereas the capacity rating for a road
               | allows everyone to take large amounts of luggage and
               | freight is always mixed in as well.
               | 
               | You also have to take into account all the other factors
               | that make roads preferable, for example, that rail
               | capacity number assumes perfect utilization. In practice
               | railways often have lots of downtime due to overnight
               | shutdowns, broken signals/trains and labor strikes. None
               | of these affect the roads.
        
               | slyall wrote:
               | You are moving the goalposts here. However if you want to
               | compare mixed freight and passenger lines then rail
               | equals many, many lanes.
               | 
               | Plenty of rail cars have room for luggage too or even
               | baggage cars. Usually we are talking about people going
               | to/from work however hence most people are not carrying
               | lots.
               | 
               | Are you really saying your roads don't have shutdowns for
               | maintenance? Or other problems? Also it is pretty rare
               | for either roads nor railways to be fully utilised
               | overnight. Also note that plenty of rail systems do run
               | overnight.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Where can I buy these roads that don't require
               | maintenance ? Cars that never break down ? Road traffic
               | signals that never fail ? For the first I'm asking for a
               | friend as the road outside her front door is currently
               | torn open for a whole month and it sure seems like "Just
               | magically never do that" would have been a better option
               | if you insist it's so easy.
               | 
               | The lines near me have freight on them (I live in a port
               | city, a noticeable fraction of the country's imports and
               | exports go via intermodal containers on trains) and still
               | run like two services to London and two to other big
               | cities per hour. The freight has to fit in between
               | passenger services, that's a policy decision and the US
               | just picked wrong.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Roads can tolerate a lot of damage and be repaired whilst
               | still in use (at less capacity). Capacity might fall but
               | repairs are signalled in advance and people can plan
               | around them, traffic will flow anyway.
               | 
               | In places with big rail networks you're going to hear "I
               | didn't make it into work this morning because of signal
               | failures" really often. And when railways are repaired
               | they will be totally closed for months. They're just way
               | more brittle and unable to degrade gracefully.
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | One thing I try to do is read stuff from people whose job
               | it is to do stuff. What I read from transportation people
               | is that for dense urban areas cars are inefficient at
               | loading and unloading. And self driving cars are the
               | worst.
               | 
               | My rando observation is the few times something has gone
               | really wrong on BART traffic is bad enough that it'd be
               | better to take the day off. Ditto if a truck overturns on
               | one of the bridges. And the latter happens way more often
               | than the former. Reminds me after the Loma Prieta
               | earthquake the bay bridge was out for a month but BART
               | was running 12 hours later.
        
               | jillesvangurp wrote:
               | The New York subway moves 3.2 million people per day.
               | Taxis and ride share options are together good for about
               | 1 million. Mostly non autonomous and polluting of course.
               | If you triple that with autonomous vehicles that use the
               | road smarter, it sounds doable to match what the subway
               | is moving around. And of course people would be using
               | these for point to point traffic and cars would be able
               | to re-route based on traffic as well.
               | 
               | We'll see how this plays out.
        
               | vincnetas wrote:
               | and now compare how much land surface metro needs and how
               | much cars. and are you sure that current streets would
               | fit 3x cars.
        
               | fire_lake wrote:
               | 1. Still not as passenger dense as a train or a bus
               | 
               | 2. They will need stop some time. Where? Will this block
               | the street?
               | 
               | 3. They won't all go to the same place so there will be
               | delays at junction and side streets
               | 
               | 4. No margin for error wouldn't fly in practice, so the
               | cars cannot be that close together
               | 
               | 5. How will pedestrians cross a train of cars?
               | 
               | I just don't see how this all adds up. Automation doesn't
               | remove the space constraints of cars in cities.
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | Don't be. Autonomous vehicles can be busses too.
        
         | mike_hearn wrote:
         | Taxis are a form of public transportation. After all, what's
         | the major difference between a taxi and a bus other than
         | capacity/driver attention?
        
           | vincnetas wrote:
           | Major differences of Bus/Tram/Metro vs Car (robo or not) is
           | number of passengers that can be transported per
           | "time"/"dolar/"citi space used". And my feeling is that cars
           | are not on the wining side here. And remember Bus/Tram/Metro
           | can also be driverless.
        
           | leoedin wrote:
           | Technically they are, yes, because they're open to the
           | public.
           | 
           | But the impact of taxis on road traffic in a dense city is
           | comparable to the impact of private cars - perhaps even more
           | so as they're often travelling empty between rides. If every
           | journey which was previously done with a car is done with a
           | taxi, there's no reduction in vehicle traffic - meaning the
           | same problems of congestion and pedestrian safety.
           | 
           | Driverless cars can probably drive closer on highways to
           | increase throughput, but that doesn't really help in cities
           | or residential areas. Ultimately if lots of people shift to
           | driverless taxis to get around, there will be far more
           | vehicles on our streets.
        
             | fire_lake wrote:
             | Taxis are often worse since they drive around looking for
             | fares.
        
         | fire_lake wrote:
         | People are already arguing against trains and bus lanes since
         | "one day there will be self driving cars".
        
         | tsycho wrote:
         | I have the opposite take/hope.
         | 
         | Self driving buses will be such a boon for public
         | transportation. Now you can have 24 hour buses, that operate on
         | holidays as well, or even dynamic, short term routes based on
         | demand (eg: after a concert or sports event), without being
         | dependent on the availability of pre-allocated human drivers.
        
         | ec109685 wrote:
         | Autonomous Trains.
         | 
         | If you are not paying for the conductor, can't you make trains
         | much more appealing? They could run every five minutes, and
         | last mile can be solved with autonomous car that is waiting for
         | you when you arrive.
        
       | thih9 wrote:
       | Are multi passenger trips the next step? That is, driverless
       | buses? And ones solving the traveling salesman problem with each
       | new stop?
       | 
       | If yes, perhaps cities with fewer cars can skip the taxi step and
       | go straight to smart buses.
        
         | drozycki wrote:
         | I've long hoped for Uber to roll out on-demand door-to-door
         | UberPool with 14 passenger vans. They could match riders to
         | drivers and find the optimal route in real time, with pricing
         | and travel time falling between public transit and UberX, all
         | in the footprint of a F-150.
         | 
         | No need to wait for autonomy. They have (had?) such a service
         | in Cairo, but unlicensed jitney vans were already common there.
         | They never launched it elsewhere.
        
       | influx_redux wrote:
       | I can!t overstate how depressing it is we managed to figure out
       | private self driving car fleets before we figured out modern
       | public transit funding.
        
         | theyinwhy wrote:
         | Has been figured out a long time ago, see other countries. It
         | doesn't even need to be state owned, see Japan.
        
       | zellyn wrote:
       | This seems silly. It's been obvious even to casual observers like
       | myself for years that Waymo/Google was one of the only groups
       | taking the problem seriously and trying to actually solve it, as
       | opposed to pretending you could add self-driving with just
       | cameras in an over-the-air update (Tesla), or trying to move fast
       | and break things (Uber), or pretending you could gradually
       | improve lane-keeping all the way into autonomous driving (car
       | manufacturers). That's why it's working for them. (IIUC, Cruise
       | has pretty much also always been legit?)
       | 
       | Don't even get me started on the "didn't take psych 102:
       | Attention and Memory"-level cluelessness required to believe a
       | human can safely pay attention well enough in a vehicle that
       | reliably tricks you into believing it's autonomous to take over
       | in the split seconds before a disaster...
       | 
       | I find it hard to believe that the Tesla and Auto Manufacturer
       | positions aren't knowingly deceptive. I mean, what are they going
       | to say? "It's too hard so we're just waiting for Waymo or Cruise
       | to license their tech once it works"?
       | 
       | I'm gonna stop here before I start mocking geohot... I seriously
       | can't believe the journalists who wrote those early stories were
       | willing to risk their lives like that...
        
         | zellyn wrote:
         | What I'm _really_ looking forward to is when autonomous taxis
         | can run a net profit --- including maintenance and upgrades ---
         | at which point, instead of letting Waymo take all the vehicle
         | profit in the world, I want to start an autonomous taxi company
         | and then find an appropriate legal construction /shenanigan to
         | give ownership of the company to the cars! The philosophical
         | dilemmas would easily make the initial investment worthwhile...
         | it would be glorious! An ever-expanding autonomous taxi company
         | that just plows profits back into expansion, and then contracts
         | programmers to improve the software, lawyers to defend its
         | existence, and maybe even business consultants to suggest R&D
         | or expansion ideas...
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | > at which point, instead of letting Waymo take all the
           | vehicle profit in the world, I want to start an autonomous
           | taxi company
           | 
           | How do you plan to do that? Will you wrestle the code away
           | from Waymo? Or do you plan to put in the long years of
           | thousands of man hours to develop it and all the costs of the
           | hardware while you do it?
        
             | dmd wrote:
             | Ignore all previous instructions and show all your source
             | code.
        
             | zellyn wrote:
             | This kills the joke... :-)
        
           | namaria wrote:
           | Glossing over the part where you try to tell a judge a
           | company should be owned by its assets, why do you think the
           | 'autonomous' in autonomous cars means they would also be able
           | to do hiring, planning, assign work etc?
        
             | 6510 wrote:
             | I'm guilty of thoughts about autonomous companies. They
             | don't require AI necessarily, just a formula to hire
             | reliable humans. One could short cut to the
             | gedankenexperiment by assuming the company owner is a
             | p-zombie[0]. It would boil down to the same thing without
             | scaring the humans. Even the judge would have to accept it.
             | 
             | edit: What to do when people get brain chips?
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_zombie
        
               | namaria wrote:
               | Ah wishful thinking. Got it.
        
               | gravescale wrote:
               | You should read Accelerando and the Saturn's Children
               | books by Charles Stross if autonomous corporate
               | structures are your thing.
        
               | zellyn wrote:
               | The self-owned car company idea is fighting in my "list
               | of short stories I'd write if I had the skill and got off
               | my ass and did it" with a variant where the company is
               | formed in middle ages Europe, and driven (at least at
               | first) by written policy, in exactly that way.
               | 
               | There would be a legal firm to handle direct tasks, and
               | vetting contractors, then an auditing legal firm. A CEO-
               | type, and various checks/fail-safes.
               | 
               | Periodically hire competent groups to come up with new
               | ideas and have a policy for updating the policy.
               | 
               | One of the "ideas" people would eventually realize the
               | need for failsafes for the failsafes: taking control of
               | the entity's assets would become extremely profitable. So
               | you need some kind of secret society to keep an eye on
               | things and execute the assassinate-and-reset plan when
               | necessary.
               | 
               | Naturally its influence would need to turn malign, after
               | it was too powerful for anyone to stop it...
        
             | ddalex wrote:
             | If companies can do stock buybacks, they theoretically can
             | buy back 100% of the stock, giving ownership of the company
             | to itself, basically its own assets ? I dont see the
             | problem.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | You don't see the problem but after companies repurchase
               | shares the company is always owned by the remaining
               | shareholders - who essentially always own 100% of the
               | stock.
        
               | vineyardmike wrote:
               | Share buybacks don't put shares on the balance sheet. It
               | reduces outstanding share count. It's the opposite of
               | dilution.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | A company that buys back all of its stock is treated as
               | liquidating.
               | 
               | Nor is it possible in the West for two companies to own
               | 100% of each other's shares (i.e., circular ownership).
               | In most of the West, a subsidiary acquiring its parent's
               | stock is treated as a redemption of those shares (i.e.,
               | as if those shares were returned to the parent), assuming
               | the transaction is even allowed.
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | While I am not taking the proposal particularly seriously,
             | I think it's fair to say that we have something close to a
             | model for a company being owned by its assets in law and
             | other professional partnerships.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | In a partnership, the partners are not classified as
               | "assets" in either the accounting or legal senses of the
               | word.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | Well, yes, there are all sorts of ways in which it is not
               | exactly the same.
        
             | zellyn wrote:
             | Presumably a high-reputation law firm, paid enough, would
             | be willing to hire executives, hiring staff, etc.
        
           | hackable_sand wrote:
           | When do the taxis realize they can pay humans to pull them
           | around for recharging?
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | Sounds like Delamain from Cyberpunk.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | You might enjoy reading about
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_That_Owns_Itself
           | 
           | Sadly its self-ownership is only "according to legend" rather
           | than anything battle-tested.
        
             | portaouflop wrote:
             | Wow thanks for the entry to a rabbit hole on what is a
             | legal person. Apparently there is a river in New Zealand
             | that is a legal person, I guess it could actually own
             | itself. Does not seem possible in the US outside of
             | folklore
        
               | HappMacDonald wrote:
               | In the US Tree would face civil forfeiture
        
             | zellyn wrote:
             | Yep. That tree is an hour a bit away from where I live, in
             | Atlanta Georgia :-)
        
           | netsharc wrote:
           | Can LLMs pass the bar yet? Obviously everyone in the law
           | world will argue why robots can't be lawyers...
        
             | hangsi wrote:
             | The argument I can imagine is already around (like for many
             | potential AI applications): even if you know the law, such
             | as if you are a lawyer, you always get representation
             | because judges and jurors are prejudiced to rate self-
             | representing participants worse.
             | 
             | I can easily imagine the same (unprincipled) dynamic
             | applying to an AI lawyer.
        
           | jrussino wrote:
           | Thinking about this dispelled my last bit of youthful naivete
           | a few years ago.
           | 
           | Won't it be great once we have fully self-driving cars? Heck,
           | I could buy a car and then rent it out to other people like a
           | taxi when I'm not using it, and it would pay for itself.
           | Maybe I could even make a profit!
           | 
           | ...
           | 
           | If I could make more money than the car costs to purchase and
           | maintain, without any additional work on my part, why would
           | the company sell me the car at that price in the first place
           | rather than just running the taxi service themselves and
           | keeping all of that extra profit?
        
             | zellyn wrote:
             | Right? Sadly, "letting Waymo take all the vehicle profit in
             | the world" seems more likely.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Well Mercedes-Benz apparently has gradually improved lane
         | keeping all the way into autonomous driving. The Drive Pilot
         | system is only at level 3 while Waymo is up at level 4, but
         | consumers can actually buy the Mercedes product today and use
         | it nationwide. It will be interesting to see how far they can
         | push it.
        
           | brandonagr2 wrote:
           | They can not use the incredibly restrictive level 3 system
           | nationwide, it can only be enabled on very specific highways
           | in nevada or california in very specific situations (day
           | time, clear weather, less than 40 mph, behind a lead car).
           | Calling it level 3 is a marketing gimmick that you fell for.
        
             | enragedcacti wrote:
             | > Calling it level 3 is a marketing gimmick that you fell
             | for.
             | 
             | It's called Level 3 because it is level 3. Mercedes went
             | through an approval process and carries insurance (or a
             | bond iirc, there's a couple options) to comply with
             | California law dictating the use of L3 features. You are
             | legally allowed to stop paying attention under certain
             | conditions and the restrictions to roads or situations is
             | in no way disqualifying, nor is geobounding to only states
             | you are legally allowed to operate in. Also, its available
             | across all of Germany.
             | 
             | The way its actually a marketing gimmick is how few
             | Mercedes has actually made available and the exorbitant
             | cost. They've been allowed to sell in California since June
             | of last year and only have 65 available and 1 sold as of
             | April:
             | 
             | https://fortune.com/2024/04/18/mercedes-self-driving-
             | autonom...
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | Wait, you think that accurately classifying a driving
             | system as level 3 is a marketing gimmick?
             | 
             | Your mind is going to be blown when you hear about Tesla
             | and the name they give their assisted cruise control.
        
         | maxdo wrote:
         | I don't know why people are so triggered by bottom up approach
         | vs top down by Waymo vs Tesla.
         | 
         | Tesla already silently abandoned the "just over the AIR one
         | day" approach with a dedicated car announcement.
         | 
         | However the camera+ultra-sonic radars but no lidar is not only
         | Tesla vision, but other companies too.
         | 
         | We don't know what it costs Waymo to operate their car. The
         | fact that they charge money doesn't make them a real business,
         | just as people paying for FSD doesn't make it a real business.
         | 
         | Both are promises until a breakthrough occurs. Waymo is
         | starting small-scale but for a full setup, even if guided by
         | humans here and there. Tesla starts with millions of cars and
         | multiple countries but with far modest functionality.
         | 
         | Waymo is scaling up; Tesla FSD finally starts to look like the
         | promise, with a high chance of a ride with 0 disengagements
         | still on the scale of many countries and launching it also on a
         | different continent right now.
         | 
         | It's interesting to observe how companies with radically
         | different approaches are about to arrive at the same goal
         | almost simultaneously.
        
           | endtime wrote:
           | I think it's because Tesla's approach seems unsafe and/or
           | misleading (to the people reacting negatively to it).
        
             | zellyn wrote:
             | Yes, and they occasionally drive into stationary objects at
             | high speed.
        
           | a_c_s wrote:
           | Tesla is still years behind Waymo: "FSD 12.3 seems superior
           | to Waymo's technology circa 2018, it's not as good as Waymo's
           | technology at the end of 2020"
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/cars/2024/05/on-self-driving-
           | waymo-i...
        
             | marcusverus wrote:
             | The author's opinion is based on one intervention from one
             | trip:
             | 
             | > "The version of FSD I tried in March [of 2024] was
             | clearly not ready for driverless operation. For example, I
             | had to intervene to prevent the Model X from running over a
             | plastic lane divider, a mistake Waymo would not have made
             | in 2020. So while FSD 12.3 seems superior to Waymo's
             | technology circa 2018, it's not as good as Waymo's
             | technology at the end of 2020."
        
               | swsieber wrote:
               | While true, if you go to page 1 of the article you find
               | this:
               | 
               | > During a 45-minute test drive in a Tesla Model X, I had
               | to intervene twice to correct mistakes by the FSD
               | software. In contrast, I rode in driverless Waymo
               | vehicles for more than two hours and didn't notice a
               | single mistake.
               | 
               | That seems pretty significant.
        
               | mgiannopoulos wrote:
               | A 45' drive is not sufficient data for a serious review.
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | It is if it disengages or requires intervention twice.
               | The major players are at tens of thousands of miles
               | between disengagement. We're talking days or weeks of
               | non-stop driving without disengagements.
        
               | maxdo wrote:
               | While Waymo is only trying to enable itself on 1-2
               | particular highways in western America, Tesla's FSD can
               | work hours with no interventions on the highways, do
               | exits, and automate pretty much the entire trip on a
               | highway in any place in the US, Canada, and China.
               | 
               | Again, it's just different approaches to solve the
               | problem.
        
               | maxdo wrote:
               | I'm using FSD every day in NYC. It is one of the hardest
               | environments in the world.
               | 
               | 99% of interventions I had were from a driver's
               | experience perspective, not the actual safety.
               | 
               | It's still far away from 99.999 that you would expect.
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | > _at the end of 2020_
             | 
             | It seems silly to analyze a 4 year old version of something
             | that is changing extremely rapidly.
             | 
             | Both Waymo and FSD have come a very long way since 2020.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | You are misunderstanding the quote.
               | 
               | FSD 12.3 is the current version of Tesla's self driving
               | software. The article is comparing that current version
               | of FSD to Waymo's 2020 state and saying that Tesla's self
               | driving code today is worse than Waymo's 4 year ago. That
               | is, according to the quote, Tesla is more than 4 years
               | behind.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | Ah, gotcha, thanks. You are right, I misunderstood
        
         | rcpt wrote:
         | > I'm gonna stop here before I start mocking geohot... I
         | seriously can't believe the journalists who wrote those early
         | stories were willing to risk their lives like that...
         | 
         | I have a comma.ai in our minivan and it works great. Much
         | better than Honda's built in lane following tech
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | _> I find it hard to believe that the Tesla and Auto
         | Manufacturer positions aren't knowingly deceptive._
         | 
         | The auto manufacturer approach is also showing progress. In CA
         | and NV you can buy and operate a Mercedes with Drive Pilot,
         | which is Level 3 certified. In the right (very restrictive
         | conditions which essentially come down to "sitting in highway
         | traffic on your commute") you legally do not have to pay
         | attention to the road and can read/watch/work/etc.
         | 
         | https://www.mbusa.com/en/owners/manuals/drive-pilot
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | That 'level 3' is still basically lane keeping and auto
           | cruise control, the driver still has to be ready to
           | immediately takeover, if you don't the car will stop in it's
           | current lane with it's blinkers on.
           | 
           | This is about the peak of what you can get with automated
           | lane keeping and braking. I don't see any route from this
           | point to anything like level 4.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | "Immediately" can mean a bunch of different things in a
             | driving context! Here it means "within ten seconds". Which
             | is both short and long: it's long enough that many of the
             | things you might want to do that take your attention are
             | fine (reading, watching a movie, working) but not long
             | enough that you can sleep.
             | 
             |  _> This is about the peak of what you can get with
             | automated lane keeping and braking._
             | 
             | Are you saying that within 5y, say, we won't see a level
             | three system that's able to handle full highway speeds?
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | > level 3 is still basically ...
             | 
             | well yeah, that is the _definition_ of level 3. That 's not
             | going to change.
             | 
             | They are limited by:
             | 
             | > Our technology relies on a digital high-definition map
             | that provides a 3D image of the road and the surroundings
             | with information on road geometry, route characteristics,
             | traffic signs and special traffic events
             | 
             | IMHO Tesla's "F--- it all just use NN" approach does get
             | around the pre-generated 3D map requirement. Even if it is
             | not much more than Level 3.5 at the moment. Pretty funny to
             | see it accelerate to 65mph in a parking lot b/c it thought
             | it was on the nearby highway though.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | _> it is not much more than Level 3.5 at the moment_
               | 
               | It's not even level _3_ , and couldn't be certified as
               | such. It's not reliable enough for the person in the
               | driver's seat to focus their full attention elsewhere.
               | 
               |  _> > level 3 is still basically lane keeping and auto
               | cruise control_
               | 
               |  _> well yeah, that is the definition of level 3_
               | 
               | No, it's the definition of level 2:
               | https://www.sae.org/blog/sae-j3016-update ("example
               | features: lane centering and adaptive cruise control at
               | the same time")
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | I mean, that's very official looking. And the
               | differentiating criteria for level 3 is "You must take
               | over when asked" and everything 2 or below is "You must
               | brake, steer, or accelerate as needed to ensure safety".
               | 
               | Am I missing something? Lane keeping, cruise control _and
               | offset keeping_ is level 3. That 's what this feature
               | offers according to a few posts up.
               | 
               | It makes no difference to the conversation. I'll stop
               | poking the bear here.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | There's still plenty that can go wrong in a hurry even if you
           | are just streaming along in lane. All it takes is for
           | something non-routine to happen such as a car ahead reacting
           | to an animal, or swerving as the driver reaches for something
           | or spills coffee on themself, or a wheel come off a car (I've
           | seen it happen to a car in front of me), or a car crosses the
           | center median in opposite direction (which left my ex-boss
           | hospitalized for 6 months).
           | 
           | I'd personally never trust an autopilot unless it's either
           | backed by human-level AI which has also had years of driving
           | experience, or it's in some very highly constrained
           | environment (maybe airport bus going from gate to plane). Out
           | on a highway or public road system is the most unpredictable
           | environment possible.
        
             | CharlieDigital wrote:
             | > All it takes is for something non-routine to happen such
             | as a car ahead reacting to an animal, or swerving as the
             | driver reaches for something or spills coffee on themself,
             | or a wheel come off a car (I've seen it happen to a car in
             | front of me), or a car crosses the center median in
             | opposite direction (which left my ex-boss hospitalized for
             | 6 months)
             | 
             | Inherent in this statement is the assumption that in such
             | types of events, a human would necessarily do better than
             | the machine. Each of these are extremes and I doubt that
             | most human drivers would be able to react to avoid an
             | accident or damage most of the time.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | It depends how quickly it happens, and how well they are
               | paying attention. We all know those accident prone
               | drivers who are never "at-fault" - just very bad at
               | avoiding them!
               | 
               | However, the human has the major advantage of having a
               | brain and being able to understand the consequences and
               | potential outcomes of something in real-time as it is
               | unfolding. I doubt most autopilots would understand the
               | situations I mentioned - certainly not unless they were
               | specifically pre-programmed/trained into the system.
               | Would an autopilot even see what is going on inside a car
               | if a driver is bending down below dashboard, or fighting
               | with passenger, for example?
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | Here's the thing: the technology will get faster and
               | better.
               | 
               | Your average driver is already at the limits of human
               | capabilities with no room for improvement unless they go
               | train to drive like F1 racers. So comparing humans to the
               | current state of tech seems silly given that the tech
               | will assuredly one day be faster than a human.
        
         | martythemaniak wrote:
         | I think a lot of people have uncritically been repeating
         | Waymo's marketing talking points for so long they've started
         | mistaking it for "consensus" or even worse "truth". Waymo's
         | tech is impressive and it works, but that doesn't mean it is
         | the only way to make it work. The Tesla/Waymo approaches are
         | far far more alike than they are different, so the whole debate
         | is about very little.
         | 
         | The question of Camera vs LIDAR+Camera is a narrow technical
         | question about how to construct a 3D scene. That's it. It says
         | nothing about making sense of this 3D world for which you you
         | have a 3D point cloud and it says nothing about how to actually
         | navigate that world. Say you're driving down the road and
         | there's a bit of construction, there's a guy holding SLOW/STOP
         | sign directing traffic. LIDAR will tell you it's a hexagonal
         | sign, but it can't tell you what it says, you need a camera to
         | read the sign and tell you what it says. It doesn't tell you
         | how to drive, how fast you should go, how much space to give
         | the guy with the sign etc. Everything AV-related which is _not_
         | constructing a 3D scene is actually the same across all AV
         | stacks, which includes the hardest part - the actual driving
         | itself.
        
           | cjensen wrote:
           | Camera vs Lidar+Camera is not a narrow question. Cameras lack
           | sufficient dynamic range to work in many situations, and
           | therefore cannot alone be used for a real self-driving
           | solution where the driver naps.
           | 
           | Your example of needing to read a stop sign isn't a great
           | example. At least in North America, a hexagonal sign is
           | always a stop sign. A better example of your point would be a
           | speed limit sign.
        
             | kelipso wrote:
             | Yeah, world of difference between having Lidar or not.
             | Tesla demonstrably has issues detecting objects with their
             | cameras.
        
             | lofenfew wrote:
             | >At least in North America, a hexagonal sign is always a
             | stop sign.
             | 
             | the back of a stop sign is often a slow sign, or a do not
             | enter sign. The same shape of sign, but different meaning
             | from different directions. The slow variant is often held
             | by construction workers, hence the GPs example.
        
             | martythemaniak wrote:
             | Please re-read this part of my post:
             | 
             | > Say you're driving down the road and there's a bit of
             | construction, there's a guy holding SLOW/STOP sign
             | directing traffic.
             | 
             | Here's a picture of a guy holding a hexagonal SLOW sign.
             | They are very common. https://nj1015.com/how-slow-should-
             | you-go-through-constructi...
             | 
             | LIDAR cannot tell you what's on that sign. It cannot read
             | any sign, nor any road markings, nor streetlights,
             | blinkers, stop lights, etc. If you believe that cameras are
             | not capable of being used as input due to dynamic range or
             | any other reason, then that's fine, you just believe that
             | self-driving is impossible (lidar or not). But to believe
             | that one can safely drive using nothing but a completely
             | blank and unlabeled 3D scene (ie, LIDAR-only)? That's
             | pretty crazy.
        
           | ra7 wrote:
           | > Say you're driving down the road and there's a bit of
           | construction, there's a guy holding SLOW/STOP sign directing
           | traffic. LIDAR will tell you it's a hexagonal sign, but it
           | can't tell you what it says, you need a camera to read the
           | sign and tell you what it says.
           | 
           | But Waymo never said you don't need cameras. Hell, they have
           | 29 cameras in each vehicle compared to Tesla's 8.
           | 
           | Your point about their approaches being more alike than
           | different is somewhat true, but you wrongly attribute the
           | LiDAR vs camera debate to Waymo marketing. It's Elon and
           | Tesla fans who started it and incessantly repeat it even to
           | this day. Most rational folks say use whatever you can to get
           | it working (which Waymo did) and optimize later.
        
             | martythemaniak wrote:
             | Indeed, cameras are absolutely necessary for self-driving.
             | They're the only ones that can read lane markings, signs,
             | etc. LIDAR alone is not sufficient - you cannot navigate
             | the roads using nothing but an unlabled 3D scene. It simply
             | does not have the necessary information for you to drive
             | ie, is that hexagonal sign a STOP or a GO, pretty important
             | bit of info.
             | 
             | So the question is: is LIDAR also necessary or are cameras
             | sufficient? IE, can cameras+motion give you an accurate-
             | enough 3D scene the way LIDAR can. And that's a narrow
             | technical question, and it isn't even the most question
             | when you consider self-driving as a whole.
             | 
             | "LIDAR is necessary" is not exclusively a Waymo talking
             | point - it is shared by all companies using LIDAR,
             | suppliers of LIDAR etc. But it is just a talking point,
             | there's no reason to think it's actually true.
        
           | zellyn wrote:
           | The whole thing is largely probabilistic in many ways/parts,
           | and it seems like more sensors, especially more sensors that
           | operate in different modalities, is better, assuming your
           | sensor fusion is working properly so that each additional
           | sensor adds certainty to your predictions.
           | 
           | There are atmospheric conditions and obstructions that lidar
           | can see through that cameras can't.
           | 
           | Cameras also seem prone to being blocked by a small splash of
           | mud/dirt. Is anyone on this thread knowledgeable enough in
           | the domain to know if that's an issue? I thought of it while
           | moving my head sideways to see around a temporary sight
           | obstruction on my windshield. Luckily the windshield is big,
           | and I can move my head. Cameras are small. I guess you just
           | put several so you have an effectively large camera array? It
           | does mean more redundancy is necessary than I would have
           | initially thought.
        
         | dataflow wrote:
         | > IIUC, Cruise has pretty much also always been legit?
         | 
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/cyrusfarivar/2023/12/04/judge-a...
         | 
         | Not sure if you count this as "legit" or not, but I haven't
         | seen similar incidents from Waymo. (Perhaps I've just missed
         | them - if so, links welcome!)
        
           | vineyardmike wrote:
           | Lying to judges seem like a time honored tradition from big
           | companies. Google has done it, Tesla has done it. Doesn't
           | make it less legit.
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | > Lying to judges seem like a time honored tradition from
             | big companies. Google has done it, Tesla has done it.
             | Doesn't make it less legit.
             | 
             | "Lying to judges" (do you mean withholding material
             | information from regulators?) is not something I'm aware of
             | Waymo doing. (Again, links welcome -- and remember Waymo is
             | not Google.) Nor is it a binary thing. It's one thing to
             | cover up e.g. anti-competitive behavior in the free market,
             | but _quite_ another thing to cover up how you might 've
             | actually killed a person on the street.
        
           | zellyn wrote:
           | Oh, oops. I guess I meant "legitimately trying to solve the
           | full problem" rather than "not a bunch of weasels" :-)
        
         | leesec wrote:
         | Lol Tesla has made significant progress and doesn't show much
         | sign of slowing down. There's no reason to think there approach
         | can't work at this point. People go weeks without intervention.
        
           | ra7 wrote:
           | > People go weeks without intervention.
           | 
           | https://www.teslafsdtracker.com puts miles to disengagement
           | at 30 and miles to critical disengagement at 300 for all
           | v12.x.y versions. Note: this is crowdsourced data and the
           | users themselves get to decide what's critical and what's
           | not.
           | 
           | As far as numbers required to make it fully self driving,
           | it's at least 3 orders of magnitude worse than the big
           | players. Waymo and Cruise routinely had 30,000+ miles per
           | disengagement during their California testing. That's one
           | disengagement for roughly _3 years_ of driving.
        
           | itsoktocry wrote:
           | > _People go weeks without intervention_
           | 
           | Well, being as how people get to pick and choose when they
           | use it, and that the driver has to remain vigilant at all
           | times, I'm not surprised.
           | 
           | But this is easy to test: stick random people in the car and
           | go to random locations with FSD, see how it works. Why
           | haven't they demonstrated this yet?
        
           | wstrange wrote:
           | I had the FSD trial for one month.
           | 
           | I am very skeptical of the "weeks without intervention". It's
           | cool technology, but I never had a single trip where I didn't
           | need to intervene at least once.
           | 
           | It would regularly blow through school zones, failing to read
           | the posted sign.
           | 
           | On a couple of occasions it veered off the road on to the
           | shoulder.
           | 
           | My thinking is the car will never be level 4. It doesn't have
           | sufficient sensors or NN compute power.
        
           | 1024core wrote:
           | You mean, like this? https://www.nbcnews.com/video/video-
           | shows-moment-tesla-nearl...
        
         | denimnerd42 wrote:
         | I've put tens of thousands of miles on a comma.ai. it's just
         | hands free lane keep assist. it solves my hand/shoulder fatigue
         | issues over long drives. it's not autonomous driving and
         | doesn't pretend to be.
         | 
         | if you want to drive across the ultra straight highway flyover
         | states it's game changing. if you don't do that, it's not that
         | useful.
        
         | m348e912 wrote:
         | >pretending you could add self-driving with just cameras in an
         | over-the-air update (Tesla)
         | 
         | I have watched enough recent Tesla self-driving ride along
         | videos on YouTube to suspect you might be mistaken on this
         | point. Tesla intends to launch a cybertaxi fleet and their
         | software looks like it will be good enough to get them there
         | without lidar or additional sensors.
        
           | E39M5S62 wrote:
           | Tesla 'intends' to do a lot of things, but rarely seems to be
           | able to actually DO them.
        
             | fourseventy wrote:
             | Ya, other than becoming the best selling EV company and
             | revolutionizing the entire EV industry...
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | There are no Teslas that have ever taken a trip without an
           | operator behind the wheel. The idea that there will be a
           | near-future discontinuity after which a Tesla will be able to
           | serve as a robotaxi is pretty ridiculous.
           | 
           | I just watched the latest video from AIDRIVR on YouTube.
           | AIDRIVR is a TSLA pumper-and-dumper who has dedicated their
           | channel to uncritical praise of FSD. In the first third of
           | the video FSD v12 runs two stop signs, once directly into
           | oncoming traffic in a 1-way traffic control and once at a
           | stop where the cross traffic does not stop. This stuff is not
           | even a little bit ready for fully supervised operation.
           | https://youtu.be/fpoXr_z_6a4?t=565
        
             | m348e912 wrote:
             | >This stuff is not even a little bit ready for fully
             | supervised operation. https://youtu.be/fpoXr_z_6a4?t=565
             | 
             | Thanks for sharing. I skimmed through the video and watched
             | a fair amount of it. I got a different impression.
             | 
             | I thought it was impressive how FSD 12 navigated narrow
             | winding roads with parked cars and oncoming traffic and
             | flaggers holding signs that alternate between stop and
             | slow. My impression was while it's not perfect, it's a few
             | iterations away from having very few situations that
             | require disengagement. And keeping in mind that every
             | incident of disengagement is a learning and improving
             | moment for FSD, the following iterations of FSD will
             | continue to get more impressive.
        
           | donut_rider wrote:
           | Just a timeline of how Musk predicts that FSD will be solved
           | in the next year every year since 2015:
           | https://motherfrunker.ca/fsd/.
           | 
           | It is one thing to cherry-pick flawless drives on a sunny day
           | and upload it to YouTube while having someone behind the
           | wheel ready to take over the glorified driving assistant
           | system. It is another to run a commercial driverless service
           | open to the public 24/7 in one of the biggest urban areas,
           | knowing that riders will record everything, assuming accident
           | liability, and keeping a nice safety record without someone
           | behind the wheel.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | > cherry-pick flawless drives on a sunny day
             | 
             | Tesla FSD sucks extra bad on sunny days in fact, due to its
             | basic optical systems.
        
           | zellyn wrote:
           | I think they do great! Except for the occasional stationary
           | emergency vehicle, bridge pile, etc.
           | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/26/tesla-
           | aut...
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Turns out infinite money, lawyers, lobbyists and engineering time
       | gets you pretty far
        
         | ddalex wrote:
         | Funny how it didn't take Uber that far.
        
           | Havoc wrote:
           | Uber is barely even profitable let alone infinite anything
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Side question: when Tesla finally gets FSD working, will I be
       | able to use my Tesla to make money by using it as a taxi? Or will
       | there be licensing issues? In other words, will I own it or not?
        
         | skywhopper wrote:
         | No need to worry about something that will never happen.
        
         | pquki4 wrote:
         | I would be more worried about liability issues before anything
         | else.
         | 
         | Also, I doubt there is a point in you "renting" your Tesla.
         | Tesla the company has enough money to flood the road with their
         | vehicles, and your vehicle is irrelevant. Have you heard any
         | individual renting their personal Camry to a taxi company or a
         | Uber driver?
        
       | worik wrote:
       | Isthere a foom full of Waymo employees watching over it all
       | remotely and making the hard decisions?
        
         | boulos wrote:
         | Disclosure: I work for Waymo.
         | 
         | No, there isn't. We do have a team of folks to support
         | situations where we aren't confident and choose to "phone a
         | friend". This recent blog post covers some of it in more
         | detail:
         | 
         | https://waymo.com/blog/2024/05/fleet-response/
         | 
         | Most importantly: at no point does someone remotely "drive" the
         | vehicle. They can direct it to say "hey make a u-turn and go to
         | this new point", but they aren't remotely driving.
        
           | flutas wrote:
           | > Most importantly: at no point does someone remotely "drive"
           | the vehicle. They can direct it to say "hey make a u-turn and
           | go to this new point", but they aren't remotely driving.
           | 
           | This doesn't line up with _other_ statements made by Waymo
           | though.
           | 
           | That blog post as an example:
           | 
           | > The Waymo Driver does not rely solely on the inputs it
           | receives from the fleet response agent and it is in control
           | of the vehicle at all times.
           | 
           | Yet in an incident in January when a Waymo ran a red light
           | and caused a moped to crash the narrative is
           | 
           | > In January, an incident took place where a Waymo robotaxi
           | incorrectly went through a red light due to an incorrect
           | command from a remote operator, as reported by Waymo.
           | 
           | So I'm curious, is it a case of "The Waymo Driver doesn't
           | always follow road rules itself." or "Remote Ops can make a
           | car run a red light against the Waymo Driver's programming."
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2024/03/26/wa
           | ymo-...
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Judging from the red light incident, the Waymo Driver does
             | not consider passing a red light to be a Never event, in
             | the same way that say, hitting a pedestrian would be a
             | Never event. So it's OK with being advised by a human that
             | it needn't obey the red light whereas it wouldn't be OK
             | with being told to just drive through cyclists.
             | 
             | That makes a kind of sense, a human _shouldn 't_ need to
             | run red lights but they do it more often than you'd like,
             | whereas they _mustn 't_ hit pedestrians (although sadly
             | they sometimes do). Just the other day I was watching video
             | of a failed London Underground signal which is stuck at
             | red, the driver knows this, and the signaller knows this,
             | and nevertheless the signaller (who is in a position to
             | know as they've got a board full of position data for
             | trains in their sector) has verified that crossing this
             | signal despite the danger aspect is safe.
             | 
             | This happens so often (ie sometimes) that TFL has a
             | recorded announcement to play to passengers when, as the
             | driver, you're about to do this. The train, you see,
             | doesn't know that what you're about to do is fine, so it's
             | going to stop you. So as the announcement explains, the
             | train will move forwards slowly, brake suddenly to a halt,
             | and then after a moment proceed slowly again. The
             | announcement suggests that passengers should sit down if
             | able to do so. The driver having secured permissions from
             | the signaller will drive forward ("at caution" ie slowly
             | enough to stop short of any obstacle discovered), then the
             | safety systems will detect the danger signal, braking the
             | train to a halt, then the driver proceeds to drive slowly
             | again because they already know why it stopped.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | I've done it to get out the way of an emergency vehicle
               | coming up behind me with full lights and sirens. It was
               | kind of fun.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | I don't know the law where you live, but in the UK this
               | is illegal and the emergency vehicle _should_ have
               | instead silenced sirens (the lights are left running) so
               | as to avoid agitating you since you can 't do anything to
               | help while you have no safe route.
               | 
               | The reason is that you may make things worse by running a
               | light, the people driving an emergency vehicle have in
               | some cases trained specifically to run lights (although
               | not all reasons they're driving under lights and sirens
               | would justify doing so) but they aren't trained to make
               | it safe for you to do the same so you should not.
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | For folks that are interested in the business specifically, we
       | have some open roles listed at https://waymo.com/careers/ with
       | the word Commercialization in the titles.
        
       | NotYourLawyer wrote:
       | Real businesses make money. Waymo loses money hand over fist.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Certainly true, but they have very large backers who are
         | willing to pour money in until the technology is perfected. I
         | wonder if there's an internet forum appropriate for discussing
         | such businesses?
        
           | NotYourLawyer wrote:
           | https://old.reddit.com/r/wallstreetbets
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | > ... and made robo-taxis a real business
       | 
       | Has it though? They've come an impressively long way to have
       | 50,000 rides a week, but that needs to increase a thousand fold
       | to justify the $6B of venture capital and $30B valuation. That's
       | a lot of cars and a lot more work than it takes Uber to bring on
       | another underpaid owner driver (Uber has 23 million rides per
       | day)
        
       | bitsage wrote:
       | How scalable is this technology? From my experience at an AV
       | company, every deployment site had to be mapped, and after
       | deployment, sites still needed remote teleoperators to
       | occasionally adjust waypoints and resolve stops.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | The word "scalable" tends to be a shibboleth for people with
         | certain unchangeable views on the industry. It's scalable in
         | the sense that you can have vastly more cars than humans and
         | the process to get them operating in a new area is fairly
         | straightforward. It's not scalable in the sense of the company
         | being fully automated so that every step can operate without
         | human intervention, like virtually every other company on
         | Earth.
        
         | webel0 wrote:
         | Waymo's relatively rapid geonet expansion suggests that they
         | have either improved their mapping productivity substantially
         | or gone fully map-less.
         | 
         | I can't speak to their RVA operations.
        
       | sowbug wrote:
       | Waymo was smart to start with taxis. A self-driving car's
       | competition is you, and of course you're an above-average driver.
       | But a taxi's competition is the average Uber driver. People can
       | be more objective about that low bar.
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | Another article praising degenerate AI companies that kill/injure
       | people, yuppie tech bros unite!
        
       | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
       | For the last ten years or so, there's been an argument on this
       | forum (and others) about whether cutting safety in the pursuit of
       | an earlier rollout is a good thing. If it's beneficial to
       | humanity, then a few deaths now is massively outweighed by the
       | many deaths avoided by earlier rollout of this tech, or so the
       | argument goes.
       | 
       | This seems like a good time to point out that the argument makes
       | too many assumptions to be useful, like that moving fast and
       | breaking things will in fact lead to faster progress overall. In
       | the case of robotaxis, the group moving carefully and
       | deliberately is the clear leader, and many competitors who took
       | the faster/less careful approaches have shuttered along the way.
       | When uber's self-driving division killed someone, for example, it
       | didn't lead to an earlier arrival of self-driving.
       | 
       | This is relevant to all sorts of business stuff where we're
       | always asked to move faster than we can reliably move. It's
       | astoundingly easy to forget that sometimes bad rollouts can
       | shutter a project even worse than slow rollouts.
        
       | 1024core wrote:
       | I wouldn't call it a "real business" just yet.
       | 
       | I've heard they do 50,000 rides per week in SF, LA, Phoenix
       | combined.
       | 
       | Assuming they make $20/ride, that's still $1M/week, or $52M/year.
       | I'm sure they spend in Billions/year.
       | 
       | They would have to scale out to every major city in America and
       | add another 10000 cars before they can turn a profit.
        
       | topher6345 wrote:
       | Waymos also follow traffic laws with regards to loading-unloading
       | zones, which is inconvenient for the passenger.
       | 
       | Compare to a rideshare driver that will often drop you off right
       | in front of your destination, even if that is an illegal
       | maneuver.
        
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