[HN Gopher] I sold TinyPilot, my first successful business
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I sold TinyPilot, my first successful business
        
       Author : mtlynch
       Score  : 519 points
       Date   : 2024-05-29 14:42 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mtlynch.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mtlynch.io)
        
       | mtlynch wrote:
       | Author here.
       | 
       | I'm happy to answer any questions about this post, the sale
       | process, or my time running TinyPilot.
        
         | mik3y wrote:
         | Lovely read, and great to see a happy ending - I remember your
         | previous blogs here.
         | 
         | As a sometime-bootstrapper and having failed at a previous
         | hardware startup, I can relate to many of the emotions you
         | narrated through. It may be too early, but my biggest curiosity
         | is whether you think you will bootstrap something again?
         | 
         | (In my case, after the hardware business and some time off, I
         | found that taking a swing at a "pure software" idea was the
         | right balance for me, after the considerable challenges and
         | occasional joys of building physical things..)
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | > _you think you will bootstrap something again?_
           | 
           | Yes, definitely. Not hardware again because I think getting
           | to the scale where you can use external vendors is so
           | difficult and risky that it requires more specialized
           | hardware expertise or VC backing.
           | 
           | I'm going to start with educational products because I liked
           | my brief experience with that and never had time during
           | TinyPilot, but I'd eventually like to build a SaaS that I can
           | grow in a calm, sustainable way.
        
         | scripper wrote:
         | Hey there, loved the post. What do you think is next for you?
         | Would you do it all over?
         | 
         | Thanks for all of the content!
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | > _What do you think is next for you?_
           | 
           | Next is either an educational product or a SaaS business I
           | can build either fully solo or with 1-2 teammates in customer
           | support roles.
           | 
           | > _Would you do it all over?_
           | 
           | No, not knowing what I know now about how difficult it is to
           | succeed in hardware.
           | 
           | I'm grateful that TinyPilot worked, but there's definitely a
           | reason why there are so few bootstrapped hardware companies.
           | 
           | In the first few years, there were so many things that could
           | have clobbered the business, like supply shortages,
           | manufacturing errors, lost shipments, design mistakes. I did
           | a lot of things to mitigate these risks, but a lot of it just
           | came down to being lucky enough to avoid random disasters.
           | 
           | For example, there were definitely times in the business
           | where a critical part could have been lost in shipping, and
           | we would have been dead in the water for months if it went
           | missing or got delayed.
           | 
           | As the business matured, we were able to mitigate those risks
           | better, but I wouldn't want to go through those first two
           | years again unless I had a huge amount of investment or co-
           | founders with more specialized hardware/manufacturing
           | expertise.
        
             | scripper wrote:
             | Great to know, thanks so much for the info!
        
         | kohanz wrote:
         | Congratulations on building something of value and successfully
         | selling it. It's quite the achievement and most don't get to
         | this level.
         | 
         | I do have to say, I was somewhat surprised by the low multiple
         | on the valuation, but perhaps that's just what the range is for
         | a business of this nature. We're spoiled in the world of
         | software and recurring revenue.
         | 
         | What about the tax implications of the sale. Have you figured
         | out how much of the sale you'll be able to put in your pocket?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks!
           | 
           | > _I do have to say, I was somewhat surprised by the low
           | multiple on the valuation, but perhaps that 's just what the
           | range is for a business of this nature. We're spoiled in the
           | world of software and recurring revenue._
           | 
           | Yeah, from what I've heard, SaaS businesses sell for a much
           | higher multiple, often selling as a multiple of revenue
           | rather than earnings.
           | 
           | The other thing that's really reduced valuations is interest
           | rates. When interest rates were <1%, private equity was
           | bidding up prices of businesses because it was a decent place
           | to park money, but now that you can get 5.3% from a money
           | market, the additional return from buying a business isn't
           | worth the risk.
           | 
           | > _What about the tax implications of the sale. Have you
           | figured out how much of the sale you 'll be able to put in
           | your pocket?_
           | 
           | Still working out the exact figure with my accountant. His
           | expectation was that I'll keep a pretty large percentage
           | after taxes because of Section 174. I had a large amount of
           | expenses each year in software development from overseas
           | contractors, and with Section 174 changes that went into
           | effect in 2022, I had to amortize them over 15 years.[0] But
           | with the liquidation of the company, I can count those
           | expenses immediately, and they offset the income from the
           | sale. So Section 174 is still a bad deal for software
           | founders, but at least when you liquidate the company, you
           | don't have to wait out the full 15 years of amortized
           | expenses.
           | 
           | [0] https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/section-174/
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | I can only assume there must spring up an industry around
             | liquidating software companies in some kind of shell
             | scheme!
        
             | runako wrote:
             | Congratulations!
             | 
             | > Yeah, from what I've heard, SaaS businesses sell for a
             | much higher multiple, often selling as a multiple of
             | revenue rather than earnings.
             | 
             | Adding some color as I have been through the process of
             | selling a SaaS. Based on what you have written, at that
             | stage of development, multiple on SDE is most common. 2.4x
             | is on the low side for growing SaaS businesses, but this
             | business is hardware with real COGS so the economics and
             | buyers will be different. We also don't know the growth
             | rate of the business, which is important in assigning a
             | multiple.
             | 
             | Additionally, full cash payment at closing is a reasonable
             | ask but can lower the overall sale price. (I don't know if
             | it did in this case.)
             | 
             | Again, congratulations in taking this big step on your
             | journey!
        
               | cpncrunch wrote:
               | From the Quiet Light site, the SaaS multiples are in the
               | 4 to 4.5x income range, which is still incredibly low.
               | They have one for sale that involves 5 hr a week work for
               | just over 4x multiple. Not really worth selling for that
               | amount unless desperate or wanting to retire.
        
         | duckmysick wrote:
         | Well done on the sale and congratulations to you and your wife.
         | Best of luck to both of you.
         | 
         | I have a question about this part:
         | 
         | > I'd also risk TinyPilot's sales slipping after so many months
         | being distracted from the business.
         | 
         | What was the time split between the sale process and running
         | day-to-day operations? I know bigger companies have dedicated
         | teams for that, but I'm curious how does it look like in
         | smaller ones.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | > _What was the time split between the sale process and
           | running day-to-day operations? I know bigger companies have
           | dedicated teams for that, but I 'm curious how does it look
           | like in smaller ones._
           | 
           | It varied from week to week, but I was spending 10-25 hours
           | per week on the sale for about five months.
           | 
           | But beyond wall time, the time I spent on the sale was often
           | much more stressful than anything else and left me mentally
           | drained for anything else. The sale involved preparing
           | reports that I'd never created before, and it was extremely
           | important for me not to make any mistakes because I didn't
           | want the buyer to think I'd provided fraudulent information.
           | 
           | I also had to focus much more on short-term results than
           | normal. Part of this was a lack of time to oversee complex
           | projects, but the other part was that it's to my detriment to
           | invest in something that pays off in six months if I sell the
           | company at month three. But I can't run that way forever, so
           | I knew if I tried to run the company like that indefinitely,
           | I'd pay the penalty for always focusing on the short-term at
           | the expense of long-term.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | I would be interesting in reading the ,,buying process'' part
         | of the same deal from the buyers.
         | 
         | BTW tinypilot.com is down:
         | https://www.isitdownrightnow.com/tinypilot.com.html
        
           | 1-more wrote:
           | https://tinypilotkvm.com/
        
         | 2c2c wrote:
         | did you have a salary?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | No, I didn't pay myself a salary. TinyPilot was a single-
           | member LLC, so all the profits were pass-through income on my
           | personal taxes.
           | 
           | I share more about the finances in my annual review posts:
           | 
           | https://mtlynch.io/solo-developer-year-6/#tinypilot-
           | became-2...
        
         | everial wrote:
         | Congrats on the upcoming little one! As someone who also had
         | first infant late last year, consider dialing back your
         | productivity expectations with a newborn (both because it's a
         | wonderful time and because oh-heaven it's so much work).
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks so much! Yes, I'm definitely planning to spend less
           | time on work over the coming years.
        
         | ativzzz wrote:
         | > and we received pre-qualification for an SBA loan
         | 
         | What does this mean? How does this work? Shouldn't the buyer
         | take out the loan? Or does it look something like
         | 
         | - tinypilot takes out 600k, which you pocket
         | 
         | - you transfer ownership
         | 
         | - tinypilot is in debt, not the buyer
         | 
         | ?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | Yes, you're correct. The buyer takes out the loan. This was
           | an asset sale, so assets transferred over but not any debts.
           | 
           | The seller (me) can approach a loan broker and show their
           | financials, and the loan broker can say, "I think it's likely
           | that the SBA would approve this loan, and I can connect you
           | with lenders I think would offer the SBA loan for acquiring
           | this business."
           | 
           | The SBA pre-qualification isn't binding or official, but I
           | guess the loan broker's prediction is accurate enough that
           | the brokerage will list businesses as SBA pre-qualified based
           | on the loan broker's assessment.
        
             | ativzzz wrote:
             | Ah I see, it just makes it easier for potential buyers to
             | get a loan. Thanks for the response and the cool blog!
        
         | berkanunal wrote:
         | Congratulations. I have been following the retrospectives for
         | more than 2 years now. I hope to keep enjoying your monthly
         | posts.
         | 
         | My question is, did you change anything on your strategy after
         | you were set on selling? Or the goal was still the same,
         | optimize earnings?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | > _My question is, did you change anything on your strategy
           | after you were set on selling? Or the goal was still the
           | same, optimize earnings?_
           | 
           | Once I started the process of preparing the company for sale,
           | it did change a lot of the strategy.
           | 
           | For example, one of the things I'd been thinking about was
           | how to allow users to purchase recurring subscriptions to
           | their TinyPilot Pro software licenses rather than having to
           | remember to re-purchase every year. But once I started the
           | sales process, that basically became non-viable because it
           | meant I'd be investing thousands in software development, but
           | it wouldn't pay off for another year or so, so it would
           | weaken our profit and loss statements and result in a lower
           | valuation.
           | 
           | There were a lot of things like that, where I had to reject
           | any investment that wouldn't pay off in three months or less.
           | 
           | The other thing that was a bummer about preparing to sell was
           | realizing that everything effectively becomes so much more
           | expensive. Normally, if I want to give someone a $5k bonus,
           | it costs me $5k. When I knew I was about to sell and wanted a
           | 3x multiple, the $5k bonus effectively costs me $20k because
           | it's $5k for the bonus itself and then -$15k for the sale
           | price on a 3x multiple. I could try to argue that the $5k is
           | "discretionary" and therefore not part of SDE, but I think
           | the buyer would be in their right to argue that it's not
           | discretionary, as it sets bonus expectations for future
           | years.
           | 
           | [0] https://mtlynch.io/retrospectives/2023/08/#what-would-
           | make-r...
        
             | abtinf wrote:
             | Everything was always that expensive, it was just less
             | obvious.
             | 
             | What if you had moved to outsource the office tasks sooner?
             | Could you have better invested that time and stress
             | elsewhere?
             | 
             | The $100k per year improving hardware? Was that the best
             | way to spend the money? Maybe it would have been better
             | spent on marketing, or investing in reducing production
             | costs with better tooling. Whatever the differential from
             | what you spent was lost at 3x.
             | 
             | Gains often compound over time too. Cost reduction begets
             | cost reduction.
             | 
             | Of course, thinking like this results in madness and moral
             | hazard. I've seen companies do crazy, catastrophic things
             | gearing up for sale.
        
         | axus wrote:
         | Hopefully your buyer gets a nice sales boost from this article!
         | 
         | Why wouldn't you go back to a corporation and try to make a
         | software product there, as an employee?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | > _Why wouldn 't you go back to a corporation and try to make
           | a software product there, as an employee?_
           | 
           | Oh, boy. So many reasons!
           | 
           | The thing I really love about running a company of my own is
           | that I don't have to get anyone's approval to do things. If I
           | have an idea, I can work on it, and I don't have to convince
           | anyone or justify the time or money.
           | 
           | I also really love being able to choose my own hours, tools,
           | and schedule. At Google, I found real-time chat distracting
           | and net negative (I get that they bring value to some people,
           | just not me), and I found that most meetings were a waste of
           | time. At TinyPilot, we never used real-time chat, and we were
           | deliberate and efficient about meetings.
           | 
           | At Google, I often found that things that were good for the
           | company or my team or our customers were often not aligned
           | with incentives for me (e.g., it was easier to get promoted
           | for launching a complex feature than for a trivial feature
           | that solved the problem elegantly). With my own small
           | company, it's much easier to align incentives between me, my
           | teammates, and our customers.
           | 
           | I could go on and on, but I guess the underlying issue is
           | that I place a high value on independence and autonomy, and
           | no employer can match what I get on my own.
        
         | beambot wrote:
         | $249k revenue & 6 people => $41.5k per person + yourself. How
         | does this math work out...?
        
           | Sylarr wrote:
           | 249k earnings, not revenue.
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | Ah, gotcha! Thanks.
        
         | eric-hu wrote:
         | Congratulations on your sale Michael. I've been following your
         | blog over the years and have learned a lot. Really happy for
         | you that you could find a buyer and wrap things up with
         | TinyPilot. Looking forward to seeing what you work on in the
         | future!
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | Congratulations on the sale. Thanks for including real numbers,
         | that will be helpful if I ever sell one of my products.
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | Also, one of the things that no-one tells you about
           | parenthood is just how much effort you spend entertaining
           | them. So maybe bookmark this, it might come in useful in a
           | few years!: https://successfulsoftware.net/2014/01/31/fun-
           | and-geeky-thin...
        
       | jonathanyc wrote:
       | Congratulations on the sale!! I love your blog and have really
       | appreciated your retrospectives.
        
       | pyb wrote:
       | Congrats! Bootstrapping a HW business to good profitability and
       | acquisition is a remarkable achievement, particularly outside of
       | China.
        
       | djeastm wrote:
       | I remember seeing your blog posts. Glad to see you ended up in
       | the black with this business!
        
       | akudha wrote:
       | Wow, 15% broker fee! Didn't know brokers charge that much
        
         | mritchie712 wrote:
         | If they bring you the buyer, that feels fair.
         | 
         | But in this case, it seems the buyer found him thru his own
         | content, which is wild.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | No, the broker found the buyer.
           | 
           | I see how it's confusing because I say in the post that the
           | buyer read my retrospectives, but that was after he had
           | discovered the company through Quiet Light.
           | 
           | I've just edited the article to clarify that the buyer
           | discovered my blog from Quiet Light.
        
       | influx wrote:
       | Do you ever calculate your GOOG salary and multiply it by the
       | number of years you've been bootstrapping and have any regrets?
        
         | ksplicer wrote:
         | His full compensation was probably between 300k-500k at Google,
         | so I don't think money was what motivated him...
        
         | prakhar897 wrote:
         | OP learned the skill of starting up, running and selling a
         | business while taking 30% paycut (and a huge risk tbh). He now
         | has much bigger career paths open to him than "Senior Software
         | Engineer".
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _Do you ever calculate your GOOG salary and multiply it by
         | the number of years you 've been bootstrapping and have any
         | regrets?_
         | 
         | I've definitely thought about the number, but no, honestly no
         | regrets at this point.
         | 
         | I got an email from a Google recruiter a few weeks ago offering
         | to rehire me back at my old level with no interview or
         | interview for a higher level, and it wasn't tempting at all.
         | 
         | I miss things about Google, and there are things I hate about
         | bootstrapping, but overall, I definitely prefer the autonomy of
         | running my own company.
        
       | simonswords82 wrote:
       | Congratulations. I've been through the DD process and it is a
       | seemingly infinite loop of Q & A that is so exhausting it's
       | almost difficult to celebrate the funds finally hitting! Glad you
       | made time for plenty of desserts.
       | 
       | All the best to you and your pending addition to the family.
        
       | ppbjj wrote:
       | This was such an enjoyable read, thank you for taking us through
       | your process. And congrats!!
        
       | wcedmisten wrote:
       | Congrats Michael!
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks so much, William! Great to hear from you.
        
       | pavel_lishin wrote:
       | > _I wanted a buyer who would keep investing in the company, not
       | a competitor who would just axe the product or bleed it dry._
       | 
       | God, I hope the buyer lives up to your expectations.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | The buyer is small, so at least they can't let the product
         | languish out of apathy.
        
       | djtriptych wrote:
       | Kinda scary the lifetime profit is less than what a sr developer
       | might expect at a big tech firm.
       | 
       | I agree this was successful and assume it's rewarding in many
       | other ways!
       | 
       | But still...
        
         | jpollock wrote:
         | I haven't gotten that far in the post, but won't owners usually
         | take a salary?
        
         | alex_lav wrote:
         | What's scary about it?
        
         | Difwif wrote:
         | If the only metric you care about is average lifetime earnings
         | then starting a business makes no sense.
         | 
         | There's a lot to it that has nothing to do with earnings though
         | and of course there's a lottery ticket that's correlated to how
         | hard you work.
        
       | Mgtyalx wrote:
       | I understand wanting to move on, but... from an outsider it looks
       | like you sold just as the company started getting big enough to
       | be interesting.
        
       | cdiamand wrote:
       | Digestively, how did you handle all that dessert in such a short
       | timeframe?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Haha, great question, Cory!
         | 
         | It was over three days (dinner, dinner, lunch), and I was
         | splitting them with friends. Although, I do love dessert and
         | probably could have eaten those all solo.
        
           | cdiamand wrote:
           | Haha! That's great! Selling the company - also incredible.
           | Congratulations my dude.
        
       | jcalabro wrote:
       | Congrats! Extremely impressive and inspiring. I always enjoy your
       | posts.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | Broker commission: $88,900       Legal fees: $18,297
       | 
       | This equates to ~18% of total sale price.
       | 
       | Most people don't realize how much get eaten up in deal/closing
       | costs.
       | 
       | Congrats to him for the successful exit. Reading his blog post
       | over the years should be eye opening to anyone just how hard
       | starting/running a business is.
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | A broker is just a middleman between the seller and buyer.
         | What's the value add for sales like this?
        
           | robszumski wrote:
           | The broker was advising him on price point, strategy and
           | fielding the interested parties for further discussion.
           | Pretty important for this type of transaction.
        
             | not-my-account wrote:
             | How much of this can be learned by reading a couple books?
             | I wonder how much higher profit he actually made compared
             | to if one could self teach these skills.
        
               | ativzzz wrote:
               | I imagine the broker he used is fairly experienced and
               | well compensated, so he'd have to learn a totally
               | different profession from the ground up without any
               | mentors or experienced people helping him, on top of
               | continuing to run the business, which you can easily
               | argue is worth $90k
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | You can learn a lot of information from books. What upu
               | can't get from a book is experience.
               | 
               | In this case you have a seller with no experience, and
               | ultimately a buyer with no experience. In either
               | situation a broker is valuable. In the case of both its
               | an enormously important moderator who can keep both
               | parties on track to a successful conclusion.
               | 
               | Book learning in such cases only gets you so far.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | Also, LLMs not withstanding, you can't pose questions to
               | a book. Or even necessarily know when you _should_ be
               | asking a question you haven't considered.
        
               | SkyPuncher wrote:
               | Practical knowledge, very little.
               | 
               | Most of this value is in the soft areas, like how hard to
               | push and how to manage expectations with the buyer.
        
               | brk wrote:
               | Having dabbled in some deals like this, books can give
               | you some general ideas, but by nature they won't be
               | current. A lot of things change quickly in the market,
               | especially for smaller deals like this. A company or
               | market segment that was getting a 5x valuation last year
               | could be at 8x now, or 2x. Also, in many cases the buyers
               | are more experienced than the sellers, though that
               | doesn't seem like it was the case here. Your broker can
               | help inform you, and prop you up. They can also act as
               | the go-between for many communications, which can help
               | mask feelings, worries, urgency, and other things that
               | don't always help your position in a face to face
               | conversation.
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | About 80%. Which is great, if everything goes well. But
               | if you're in the 20% that get to learn via failure, the
               | cost is _much_ higher to you.
               | 
               | One of the core skills of being a founder is learning
               | when to delegate.
        
           | talldatethrow wrote:
           | If we trust the founder is smart enough to build a business
           | worth x, he's smart enough to decide a fair commission for
           | selling it.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Author here.
           | 
           | For me, the value of the broker was just someone to guide me
           | through the whole process because I'd never done it before.
           | It was good to have someone whose interests were pretty
           | aligned with mine and who answered questions quickly and
           | thoroughly without me having to pay by the hour.
           | 
           | Another big part of the value was finding the buyer, as I
           | probably couldn't do that on my own. I could have thrown a
           | hail mary and listed the business for sale on the TinyPilot
           | website and my blog, but the person who ultimately acquired
           | the business definitely wouldn't have found me that way.
           | 
           | Having gone through it, I would consider foregoing a broker
           | in the future if I had some way of finding my own buyer, but
           | I have no regrets about the broker for this sale.
        
             | elevatedastalt wrote:
             | In what way were their interests aligned with yours? (this
             | is not a snarky question. usually in real estate their
             | interest is to make the deal happen asap, which doesn't
             | align fully with your interests)
        
             | ilamont wrote:
             | I used to listen to the Quiet Light podcast. One thing that
             | the Quiet Light founder mentioned a couple times is they
             | are always working on dealflow, lining up buyers and
             | sellers sometimes years in advance of an actual sale.
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | Depends on the seller.
           | 
           | If you're already knowledgable, experience, and well-
           | networked, there is less value.
           | 
           | If you're not...well, have you ever sold a business?
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | > _how hard starting /running a business is_
         | 
         | That it is, but here Michael is explicit that most of the pain
         | [0] was from doing hardware, software, and e-commerce all at
         | once. Surely, there are other relatively easier businesses in
         | tech?
         | 
         | [0] Reminds me of Avery Pennarun's _A profitable, growing,
         | useful, legal, well-loved... failure_ (2012),
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3754531
        
           | CodeWriter23 wrote:
           | If it's easy, everyone would do it.
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | ... by which time all the competition no longer makes it
             | easy?
        
               | CodeWriter23 wrote:
               | Nah the person/company willing to do the thing for the
               | lowest margin wins out.
        
           | SCUSKU wrote:
           | Thanks for posting that article, quite a throwback -- but
           | first I've ever encountered it. Really great piece. I do
           | think we've all been sold on the entrepreneur
           | vision/lifestyle, but the unsexy reality is it's an insane
           | slog that might not even pay off.
           | 
           | It's always good to get these reality checks from time to
           | time.
        
         | DowagerDave wrote:
         | >> Most people don't realize how much get eaten up in
         | deal/closing costs.
         | 
         | They do if they've sold a house :)
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | I thought the broker fee was relatively high given the revenue
         | multiple. I imagine hardware businesses have different
         | multiples that what I hear about (mostly software), but this
         | strikes me as pretty modest. If correct, that means the
         | broker's fee is mostly based on the price that the seller could
         | have negotiated himself, rather than on the added value that
         | the broker brought.
         | 
         | OTOH, it's possible the work a broker does doesn't scale down
         | with small deals, and he wasn't willing to work for less.
         | Honestly, I'd rather accept $50k less and leave the broker out
         | of it if that's the case.
        
         | codegeek wrote:
         | And don't forget that a buyer spends a decent amount on their
         | own lawyers, CPA etc during due diligence. I recently spent 10K
         | on a deal.
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | Don't forget tax.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | Common fallacy is to imagine that the exact same deal at the
         | same price would have happened without a broker. A lot of
         | people are going to look at this and imagine that if they just
         | eliminated the broker, they'd get an additional $88,900 in
         | their pocket.
         | 
         | That's not how it works, though. Without a broker you may not
         | find a buyer at all. If you do, you might not know how to price
         | the business. Even if you could find the same buyer at the same
         | price, they might be uncomfortable dealing with someone who
         | doesn't know how to navigate the sale of a business and end up
         | backing out.
         | 
         | For some very small web businesses, you can usually get away
         | with a broker. Nobody is dropping $90K on a broker to sell
         | their $50K side project on one of those business buy/sell
         | websites, obviously. However, once you get into the territory
         | of niche hardware businesses, it's very helpful to have someone
         | on your side who can help navigate the situation.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Wild. I vaguely remember this founder spending an obscene amount
       | of money on some boutique firm to give homepage a small update.
       | 
       | Seems he exited the Google grind about 6 years ago. I guess
       | salaries were between $180-250K during that time frame.
       | 
       | Google grinder for 6 years: $1,080,000-$1,500,000
       | 
       | Entrepreneur: "$920k over four years (with sale)", but doesn't
       | include the 2 bombs he had prior to successful exit.
       | 
       | (None of these figures taken into account taxes or benefits)
       | 
       | Seems like he took an L, but in the end at least he didn't end up
       | in the salt mines. The education of learning as you go is truly
       | underrated though.
        
         | shooker435 wrote:
         | This mindset assumes that the only measure of success is
         | monetary. If he left Google to try and get richer than staying
         | at Google, then sure, he probably lost.
         | 
         | However, he kept trying again before job hunting or returning
         | to big tech. This tells me the monetary factor was smaller than
         | something else.
         | 
         | You mention the underrated educational experience in your last
         | sentence, but there's so much more than that. He was probably
         | never worried about his autonomy, being laid off, working with
         | (or for) people he didn't want to work with, corporate
         | politics, or anything else corporate bureaucracy introduces.
         | This likely freed up his brain to be more creative and actually
         | be used to 100% of its capacity.
         | 
         | I believe the obsession with TC in tech is highly problematic
         | and there are a lot of talented folks optimizing for promotions
         | via internal politics, rather than solving real problems for
         | real people.
         | 
         | I also wish healthcare wasn't tied to employment, but that's a
         | post for another time.
        
           | talldatethrow wrote:
           | How is healthcare tied to employment? Isn't it available to
           | buy on the open market?
        
             | riku_iki wrote:
             | I think it will be (much) more expensive, but I am not an
             | expert.
        
             | sesm wrote:
             | In US buying medical services without insurance is very
             | expensive. You choices are:
             | 
             | - get health insurance from your employer
             | 
             | - get covered by insurance of your spouse
             | 
             | - buy insurance from your own pocket
             | 
             | - don't buy insurance and risk loosing a lot of money in
             | case of health emergency
        
               | yojo wrote:
               | My wife runs her own consulting business, I'm taking a
               | break from tech work. This means we buy insurance on the
               | federal marketplace (healthcare.gov).
               | 
               | It is expensive, but not insanely so. Family of four,
               | living in Oregon, non-smoking, our premium is ~$1k/month.
               | Granted it's a high deductible ($12k), but it protects us
               | from the kind of catastrophic emergency that could wipe
               | out our savings. We are fortunate to not have expensive,
               | ongoing conditions.
               | 
               | Granted, $12k/year is a lot for less affluent families,
               | but government subsidies can bring the premium down
               | considerably if your income is low enough.
               | 
               | And while the coverage is far inferior to my old FAANG
               | luxury health plans, it still works well enough.
        
               | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
               | > Family of four, living in Oregon, non-smoking, our
               | premium is ~$1k/month. Granted it's a high deductible
               | ($12k), but it protects us from the kind of catastrophic
               | emergency that could wipe out our savings. We are
               | fortunate to not have expensive, ongoing conditions.
               | 
               | Family of two, living in the EU, non-smoking, our premium
               | is ~EUR0/month. Granted it's a EUR0 deductible, but it
               | protects us from the kind of catastrophic emergency that
               | could wipe out our savings.
        
               | codegeek wrote:
               | :). If only people in America understood how they are
               | being scammed by the Health Insurance Mafia.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | Healthcare delivery in the US is -- not good.
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | Your premium is paid by your employer. Please revisit the
               | statement when you are self-employed.
               | 
               | Also, turns out there is a deductible if you don't want
               | to pay a fortune for self-insurance.
               | 
               | Well, at least there is in Germany. And the premium ends
               | up being ~$1k/month.
               | 
               | US health insurance is crappy in many ways, but EU health
               | insurance isn't a magic fairy unicorn either.
        
               | PKop wrote:
               | But after taxes and lower salary, I bet you're more than
               | $12k/yr behind an equivalent US employee's net earnings
               | yes?
        
               | nkmnz wrote:
               | Are you unemployed? Otherwise, this is just not true.
               | Assuming OP and his wife earn average incomes for
               | academics in the US, they'd pay 2x ~920 USD per month in
               | Germany, totaling 80% more than the premium and only 9%
               | less than the worst case scenario of OP having to pay the
               | full deductible.
        
               | talldatethrow wrote:
               | Taxes you pay pay for this, or your employer pays it
               | instead of paying you.
               | 
               | Now you can argue that health care costs less on a per
               | basis, or even per productive taxpayer basis, but that's
               | a different matter. Maybe the US could recreate your
               | healthcare COST system, but it doesn't have to also take
               | on your payment system (tax instead of direct)
        
               | nativeit wrote:
               | I had the misfortune of suffering through a multiple
               | sclerosis diagnosis when I was just 18-years-old, and the
               | bottom line cost for that (only outpatient care) was
               | approaching $50k in 2001. I imagine that price has more
               | than doubled since. It caused my financial condition and
               | professional development to crash and stall just as it
               | was beginning. It's impossible to know what might have
               | been, but I sincerely believe that my circumstances, and
               | the limited options for mitigating their long term
               | effects, cost me (and by extension, society) at least 10x
               | that initial bottom line cost in missed opportunities,
               | and lost productivity/wages.
               | 
               | What makes the issue so terribly entrenched, apart from
               | our peculiar association between health insurance and
               | employment, is how utterly opaque everything about
               | healthcare costs are. Both systemically, in that it's
               | much more difficult to craft policy, as well as
               | practically, in that for many (most?) individuals it can
               | be impossible to know in advance how much any given
               | course of treatment might cost, and no opportunities for
               | "shopping around" or price comparisons.
               | 
               | For most Americans, and companies, I think our healthcare
               | system is essentially a very short-sighted and
               | inefficient tax. For others--people in situations such as
               | mine, and very probably for a meaningful portion of the
               | ~30M-50M Americans still uninsured/underinsured--it's an
               | unreasonably high burden that accounts for so much more
               | than just the money spent, and a constant specter
               | clouding their lives in uncertainty and risks. For the
               | self-employed and entrepreneurs, it's a crucial
               | consideration that defies simple calculations, and just
               | by the averages will have prevented a significant number
               | of potential endeavors from ever leaving the initial
               | planning stage and/or denied startups access to otherwise
               | valuable talent. We should be pursuing bigger picture
               | policies, and while I'm not arguing that the federal
               | government is a good answer to everything, it's clearly
               | the answer to this kind of management of universal needs
               | with clear societal benefits.
               | 
               | Sorry for the lengthy comment, my hamster brain was
               | apparently restless. For anyone who did, thanks for
               | taking the time to read.
        
               | jonas21 wrote:
               | > _buy insurance from your own pocket_
               | 
               | In other words, buy it on the market, like the GP said.
               | 
               | With ACA subsidies, you'll never have to pay more than
               | 8.5% of your income in premiums for a mid-range plan. And
               | that's in the worst case -- it'll typically be less (if
               | you make less, you'll qualify for larger subsidies or
               | free healthcare, and if you make more, the proportional
               | cost of insurance premiums will be lower).
        
             | floating-io wrote:
             | Employer-offered plans tend to be extremely good value, so
             | the vast majority take advantage of them.
             | 
             | I was paying <~$300/mo on that plan. I now pay over $700 on
             | a directly-acquired plan. So that's problem one.
             | 
             | The bigger problem, IMHO, is that quitting means changing
             | your insurance, which isn't just a financial change. It can
             | also end up requiring you to change medical providers,
             | which is no small deal!
             | 
             | This adds massive friction and stress to the act of
             | quitting/changing jobs, a major source of leverage on the
             | employer's side.
             | 
             | And that's to say nothing of the fact that it's effectively
             | an overly burdensome tax on new entrepreneurs. It's a
             | reinforcement of the concept, "you have to have money to
             | make money".
             | 
             | JMHO on the topic; for reference, I'm a new entrepreneur
             | very early in the process. I'm just lucky enough to be able
             | to risk the attempt.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > I was paying <~$300/mo on that plan. I now pay over
               | $700 on a directly-acquired plan. So that's problem one.
               | 
               | This is relatively small pickles. Your employer paying a
               | few hundred, maybe a thousand dollars on your behalf if
               | you are old, per month. You can buy the same on
               | healthcare.gov
        
             | demondemidi wrote:
             | In the US there is the affordable care act from ~2013,
             | where anyone can purchase insurance from a pooled market
             | subsidized by the government up to a certain income (50k I
             | think). But that is also impacted by the state you live in,
             | as the states negotiate the contracts paid by federal
             | dollars (I know it's effed up). So the ACA is cheaper on
             | the west coast than it is in Alabama. Today, a "gold"
             | policy for a single man in his 40's is about $900/month
             | through the ACA. The cheaper "emergency" plans (aka "trash"
             | plans) appended by Trump are still a few hundred dollars,
             | but cover almost nothing.
             | 
             | I now pay $120 for me and my wife for a plan that is better
             | than the $1000 plan through the ACA in Oregon because I'm
             | no longer self employed.
             | 
             | That's almost a 10x difference.
             | 
             | After working for myself for 12 years, hustling consulting
             | and contracting gigs, I'm way happier working for a company
             | that pays well, has great benefits, and I always know I
             | have a paycheck coming.
        
               | talldatethrow wrote:
               | I have a feeling your employer is paying the difference,
               | so basically you're paying one way or another.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | Exactly this. People feel like wages have not been
               | increasing. In reality wages have been increasing, but
               | employers are passing most of the increase over to health
               | insurers.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > I now pay $120 for me and my wife for a plan that is
               | better than the $1000 plan through the ACA in Oregon
               | because I'm no longer self employed.
               | 
               | Look at box 12 code DD on your W-2. That is the total
               | amount you are paying for your health insurance (it's
               | just that your employer is paying it directly). It's
               | still counted in the cost of employing you though,
               | obviously.
               | 
               | Assuming you have a silver or gold level plan, total cost
               | to insure you and your wife is the same on healthcare.gov
               | or if your employer buys it.
               | 
               | The only broad savings are if your employer is self
               | insuring and their risk pool (employees and their
               | families) are disproportionately low risk (young and
               | single).
        
             | astura wrote:
             | Your employer typically pays the major of the premium.
        
           | j45 wrote:
           | Money is time, and time that is free to choose is more
           | freedom to spend your time how you please, and work on things
           | that may not need to have a financial half.
        
             | logifail wrote:
             | > more freedom to spend your time how you please
             | 
             | "More freedom" sounds amazing right up until the point you
             | remember that you aren't getting a salary every month but
             | still need to pay rent and buy food and stuff...
        
               | nativeit wrote:
               | Pro-tip: use a portion of your freedom to exchange goods
               | and services for money to pay rent and purchase
               | provisions from Food & Stuff(r).
               | 
               | "...it's where I buy my food, and most of my stuff." ~
               | Ron Swanson
        
         | blehn wrote:
         | With promotions, equity, and stock price growth (+220% over the
         | last 5 years), probably closer to 2 or 2.5M of Google income.
        
         | tills13 wrote:
         | Holy hell the pessimism in this thread over a life-changing
         | amount of money for 99% of people.
         | 
         | > should have stayed at Google
         | 
         | You should feel privileged that you've never been "stuck" at a
         | job that you don't find personally interesting and stimulating.
         | Wasting your life to see the number in your bank account
         | increase.
        
           | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
           | Half a million isn't really that much.
        
             | demondemidi wrote:
             | less then quarter mill after taxes.
        
               | wallawe wrote:
               | This is capital gains, meaning 15-20% in taxes. Nowhere
               | near half.
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | 20% + 10% state income tax for many here
        
               | ageyfman wrote:
               | might have been QSBS, so no taxes < $10m
        
               | jejeyyy77 wrote:
               | spoken like an employee ;)
               | 
               | welcome to the world of capital gains and QSBS!
        
             | lp0_on_fire wrote:
             | Half a million dollars would be a life-changing amount to
             | the vast majority of the American population.
        
         | hiddencost wrote:
         | Assuming he was a senior SWE, he would have made around $400k /
         | yr staying at Google.
         | 
         | I suppose if he can parlay this outcome into an L7 role at
         | Google, E.G, then in another 6 years he would break even
         | (compared to staying at L5)
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | It's goofy to see people talking numbers and completely
           | disregarding the mess that is Google's culture right now from
           | the mass layoffs.
           | 
           | Everything has non-monetary costs associated with it. Chasing
           | L7 means more politicking and less actually making things if
           | I understand it correctly. Maybe that's invigorating to some
           | people (am convinced people get off on fighting over
           | artificially scarce resources), but I don't understand them
           | one bit.
        
           | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
           | $400k for Senior is an outlier.
           | 
           | According to Levels.fyi - and my personal contacts -
           | https://www.levels.fyi/t/software-engineer/locations/san-
           | fra... Median TC - something just-south of $300k TC (not
           | salary) is more likely.
           | 
           | Furthermore, the higher you go, a greater proportion comes as
           | RSUs, not cash - even if it was $400k TC, a good chunk of
           | that is money you literally can't spend for a couple of
           | years.
        
             | blehn wrote:
             | Vesting for each grant starts at one year and is monthly
             | after that. So you're really only waiting one year for the
             | first big chunk of stock to be liquid. 400k TC at Google
             | means that you have 400k (pre-tax) liquid at the end of the
             | year (depending on the stock price, which has historically
             | gone up).
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | RSUs aren't really a big deal due to the way it vests.
             | 
             | But you're right that the TC of the average Google (or even
             | FAANG) job has become somewhat mythical on the internet
             | lately. I'm in a Slack where people have been asking about
             | offers and TC for a long time. There are a lot of
             | disappointed people who think they're walking into
             | $500-600K job offers only to realize that they're "only"
             | getting $300K from multiple companies.
             | 
             | Honestly quite frustrating, given that $300K with excellent
             | benefits is an incredible job offer, but these people have
             | been primed for disappointment due to unrealistic
             | expectations.
        
         | brk wrote:
         | I don't think he took an L at all. He now has successfully
         | built, and sold a company. While being a dev at Google is
         | somewhat elite, the number of people who have executed a
         | successful sale is a tiny fraction of the number of FANG devs
         | (or whatever we're calling FANG now).
         | 
         | There is a very high probability he gets offered a CEO position
         | at some company that is looking for an exit path. That type of
         | thing will usually come with a nice salary and a minimum 7
         | figure payout on exit.
         | 
         | As of this specific date, his bank account might be slightly
         | lower than had he stayed at Google. 5 years from now it will
         | almost certainly be significantly higher, and if it is not, it
         | is more likely because he chose a path that he preferred.
        
         | abtinf wrote:
         | > grinder
         | 
         | That's the hint you aren't comparing like kinds.
        
         | chubot wrote:
         | What's really wild is when people assume that everyone shares
         | their value system
         | 
         | It also appears you haven't met anyone truly wealthy, because I
         | can tell you they don't share your point of view
        
         | drubio wrote:
         | I also remembered his post about dropping $50k on the site
         | redesign*
         | 
         | I actually thought it was a big W for him when I saw this post.
         | But I guess, if you consider the opportunity cost of Google
         | employment, it's a financial L.
         | 
         | * https://mtlynch.io/tinypilot-redesign/
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | This is so strange to read.
         | 
         | He learned and experienced so much more than he could have at
         | Google. He actually built and sold a profitable company.
         | 
         | What's life if we reduce it to how much money we _could_ have
         | earned?
        
       | JohnCClarke wrote:
       | Well congratulations! That's awesome!
        
       | markusw wrote:
       | Really interesting read, thank you for sharing!
       | 
       | You mentioned that building tinypilot suddenly sparked way more
       | interest than your other attempts. Do you have a plan for your
       | next product? Try out different things and hope you find
       | something that gains similar traction? Or do you have some sort
       | of evaluation criteria for your ideas?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _You mentioned that building tinypilot suddenly sparked way
         | more interest than your other attempts. Do you have a plan for
         | your next product? Try out different things and hope you find
         | something that gains similar traction? Or do you have some sort
         | of evaluation criteria for your ideas?_
         | 
         | Yes, the market's reaction to TinyPilot will definitely impact
         | how I evaluate future businesses in the early stages. That
         | said, I don't want to overindex on this one experience, as I
         | know other founders who found product-market fit more
         | gradually.
         | 
         | But my experience with TinyPilot does support lessons I've been
         | taught that you should launch early, potentially without even a
         | working product ready. In previous projects, I'd gotten too
         | excited about the engineering and convinced myself I needed it
         | first, but TinyPilot was a really small amount of engineering
         | before I started selling.
         | 
         | My other takeaway from TinyPilot was how much of a difference
         | it makes to sell a product that's aligned with my blog
         | audience. I'm not really an IT blogger, but a lot of my readers
         | are IT people and enthusiasts, so my blog was a huge advantage
         | in finding early customers. My other products were things that
         | had nothing to do with my blog like parsing recipe ingredients
         | or finding live comedy.
         | 
         | I don't have a strict plan for my next product, but I want to
         | focus on things that I can test quickly and drop if I can't
         | find paying customers within the first two or three months.
        
       | nickjj wrote:
       | You know it must have been stressful when you were compelled to
       | list your desserts in order.
       | 
       | Now that we're almost in June, does it feel like the deal
       | happened a million years ago? I know when stressful things happen
       | and time passes, it always feels like it was so long ago even
       | when it was only a month or 2 back.
       | 
       | It was a pleasure having you on a few years ago in the Running in
       | Production podcast:
       | https://runninginproduction.com/podcast/105-tinypilotkvm-let...
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Hey Nick, good to hear from you again!
         | 
         | > _You know it must have been stressful when you were compelled
         | to list your desserts in order._
         | 
         | Haha, that's true, but I also get more excited than the average
         | person about desserts.
         | 
         | > _Now that we 're almost in June, does it feel like the deal
         | happened a million years ago? I know when stressful things
         | happen and time passes, it always feels like it was so long ago
         | even when it was only a month or 2 back._
         | 
         | Yeah, I hadn't thought about it, but you're right. We're only
         | about six weeks out, but it feels like it happened six months
         | ago.
         | 
         | It was funny during due diligence, I was really stressed out,
         | but I could already tell that I'd look back on it and wonder
         | why it was so stressful. At the end of the day, it's mostly
         | just preparing reports and answering questions.
         | 
         | I think the feeling that's hard to recall is that even though
         | the reports I was creating weren't that complicated, they were
         | stressful because the stakes always felt so high. I was always
         | so worried about making errors and messing up the deal or
         | opening up myself to liability claims after closing.
         | 
         | > _It was a pleasure having you on a few years ago in the
         | Running in Production podcast_
         | 
         | For me as well! It was fun to chat about TinyPilot's stack and
         | tooling.
        
       | cypherpunks01 wrote:
       | I must have missed this product, it seems incredibly useful,
       | especially for providing remote access to legacy devices like
       | NVRs, or random other gear that is a big hassle to remotely
       | administer.
        
       | makk wrote:
       | "I immediately knew I was onto something."
       | 
       | Every successful bootstrapper who I know personally says this.
       | 
       | The ultimate success didn't happen instantly but the
       | product/market fit was obvious on day one.
       | 
       | And they didn't iterate their way to that point. They walked away
       | from whatever they were doing before, restarted with a blank
       | sheet a paper, and the new thing immediately resonated.
        
         | flawn wrote:
         | Watch out for survivorship bias though, everybody might think
         | that but a lot more still fail.
        
           | j45 wrote:
           | The issue is too many startups can be solutions in search of
           | a problem.
           | 
           | It's not uncommon to become attached to something.
           | 
           | I've done a lot of B2B tooling and the percentage and risk of
           | failure goes down significantly if you are ruthlessly focused
           | on only solving problems that cost time or money for a
           | business, and being flexible to pivot.
           | 
           | In the B2B space, there are absolutely 100% instant revenue
           | generating needs and solutions. I'm packaging a rather boring
           | one right now. Getting out of the building before writing any
           | code, what so ever is critical.
           | 
           | Building before learning is the cart before the horse and
           | limits shelf life, runway, and ability to learn. One could
           | easily cowboy code or over architect something that prevents
           | you from trying the very thing that will take off because
           | it's too difficult to now implement in your formerly simple
           | codebase of patch work that is now too complex.
           | 
           | They often can get discovered while doing a bout of
           | consulting (aka paid market research and customer discovery),
           | or solving one problem sheds a light on something near by
           | that look subtle but critical and a no brainer.
           | 
           | My personal experience has been people will actually say the
           | phrase "I'm trying to find a way to give you money to use
           | this" when you may show them a prototype. This didn't seem
           | like it actually happened, until it did.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | There is a whole category of people that just try to brute
           | force finding both a problem and then an accompanying
           | solution. And I'm sure that can work. But what I'm saying is
           | it's definitely not "everybody" that thinks that.
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | Business is rife with survivorship bias, and indie hacking,
           | doubly so.
           | 
           | The really honest ones will tell you how much of a role luck
           | played. Most, however, will be quick to take credit for
           | luck's role, often deluding themselves.
        
             | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
             | > Business is rife with survivorship bias, and indie
             | hacking, doubly so.
             | 
             | Indie-hacking-projects have the benefit of a dignified exit
             | by open-sourcing - a lot of whatever value in any
             | technology/code/designs was created will be preserved -
             | which is a good thing.
             | 
             | It's a shame that oftentimes the "best" outcome for a
             | startup or small software/tech company (where they get
             | acquihired by Apple specifically) is not only their
             | product/service gets shut-down, but all traces of it are
             | systematically removed from the Internet and everything the
             | company's founders do is effectively memory-hole'd - the
             | _Dark Sky_ app is the textbook example of this.
             | 
             | -----
             | 
             | Separately, when a company is small, stable and profitable
             | it isn't a failure as far as the bank is concerned, but not
             | exactly a hyperscaling unicorn - so when the
             | founders/owners want to exit their only real option is to
             | sell-out to either their competition for a managed wind-
             | down-and-migration - or worse: an M&A firm (which will only
             | make a lowball offer, then replace staff eng with a
             | skeleton maintenance crew, and mis-manage the company's
             | products/services for a decade as they hemorrhage-out loyal
             | customers due to declining product quality).
             | 
             | Required reading: https://pivotal.substack.com/p/the-worst-
             | outcome-is-a-medioc...
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | IIRC PayPal started off as an encryption library and went
         | through more than 10 iterations before it became what it is
         | now.
        
       | bittwiddle wrote:
       | Thanks for sharing! I'm currently trying out a bootstrapped hw
       | project myself, and have enjoyed following along with your
       | progress.
       | 
       | You mentioned having trouble working with vendors, was this for
       | ex: having boards assembled? I guess I've probably gotten "lucky"
       | with relatively low scale so far, but been happy with the
       | assorted online PCBA services.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks so much for reading!
         | 
         | > _You mentioned having trouble working with vendors, was this
         | for ex: having boards assembled? I guess I 've probably gotten
         | "lucky" with relatively low scale so far, but been happy with
         | the assorted online PCBA services._
         | 
         | Oh, it was a challenge to find vendors for pretty much
         | everything. The cost of switching vendors in hardware is pretty
         | high once you've built a pipeline around a particular vendor,
         | so it's important to have reliable vendors. But we had trouble
         | finding vendors for PCB design, PCB assembly, third-party
         | logistics, and packaging. We eventually found vendors that
         | worked well, but even the good ones would have occasional
         | wrinkles that needed smoothing out.
         | 
         | I wrote previously about how poorly I chose a vendor to do a
         | redesign of TinyPilot's website:
         | 
         | https://mtlynch.io/tinypilot-redesign/
        
       | gigel82 wrote:
       | This is interesting. Once manufacturing (and other tedium) was
       | outsourced, I'd have thought that's "making it". More or less
       | "passive income" presuming the employees took care of everything
       | else. If the revenue truly was 208k, you'd just need to "hang in
       | there" for 2.5 years and you'd make whatever you got in the sale,
       | then everything else coming in later would be just "extra".
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _Once manufacturing (and other tedium) was outsourced, I 'd
         | have thought that's "making it". More or less "passive income"
         | presuming the employees took care of everything else. If the
         | revenue truly was 208k, you'd just need to "hang in there" for
         | 2.5 years and you'd make whatever you got in the sale, then
         | everything else coming in later would be just "extra"._
         | 
         | Yeah, I definitely understand that expectation, but I don't
         | think I could have gotten it to 100% passive income.
         | 
         | Even if everything ran perfectly, everyone still needs a
         | manager. So at the bare minimum, someone has to check in with
         | the team, make sure everyone's being paid, etc.
         | 
         | But with so many moving parts in a hardware company, things are
         | never running perfectly. There's always something going on like
         | some part is no longer available or some process has changed
         | with our vendors or one of our vendors has made a mistake and
         | we have to work with them to fix it.
         | 
         | I theoretically could have hired a COO to manage operations,
         | but that person would have to be comfortable managing a dev
         | team, support teams, and making hardware/logistics decisions.
         | So even if I could find a qualified COO willing to work for a
         | $150k salary, the full cost after payroll taxes and benefits
         | would likely exceed any profits the company was making.
        
       | bufferoverflow wrote:
       | He would make a lot more money by staying at Google.
       | 
       | If it's not about money, I would understand. But then why sell a
       | growing business?
        
         | ajford wrote:
         | There's an entire section titled `Why Sell`.
         | 
         | > I missed writing code....
         | 
         | and
         | 
         | > My wife and I also wanted to start a family. TinyPilot only
         | occupied about 20% of my time, but it occupied 90% of my
         | stress. I would have done a terrible job juggling founder
         | stress with new parent stress.
         | 
         | Changes in life circumstances changed his priorities. It
         | wouldn't be the first or last person I've heard of that wanted
         | to go back to coding after ending up in mgmt/founding
         | something.
        
         | gwd wrote:
         | It sounded like it wasn't really the kind of business he wanted
         | to be in. What do you do if you've poured two years of your
         | life into something, and it's starting to be profitable, but
         | you realize it's not really your thing? Options are:
         | 
         | 1. Press on making OK money doing something you're not that
         | enthusiastic about
         | 
         | 2. Just pull the plug
         | 
         | 3. Sell it
         | 
         | I mean, obviously #3 is the least bad of all the options. You
         | don't know what something's going to be like until you try it.
         | This is a "negative result" from the "what kind of business do
         | I want to run", but now he has a better idea what might not
         | work for him. It's probably a break-even result from a
         | financial perspective, and a positive result from an experience
         | gained perspective.
        
         | kuschkufan wrote:
         | Congrats, you outed yourself as not having read the article.
         | Because it's in there.
        
       | rglover wrote:
       | Congratulations, Michael! Still remember being an early
       | tester/customer and getting the Ziploc bag of components :)
       | 
       | Cool to see the full lifecycle from launch to sale.
        
       | wuiheerfoj wrote:
       | Great post - I love these candid insights into founder life.
       | 
       | It's hard to learn a lot of these lessons without going through
       | it, so I really appreciate you sharing
        
       | CodeWriter23 wrote:
       | @mtlynch I'm trying something new and with a different approach
       | this time. I realized reading your post today, my "new" approach
       | borrows a lot from your prior post on optimizing and
       | externalizing ops at TinyPilot.
       | 
       | Just wanted to say Thanks for that. Best wishes in becoming a new
       | parent.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Oh, awesome! Glad to hear it was helpful.
        
       | dheera wrote:
       | The enshittification begins. Fork this repo now!
       | https://github.com/tiny-pilot/tinypilot
        
       | kstrauser wrote:
       | Good for you, Michael. Congratulations on a successful product, a
       | successful exit, and an approaching baby!
        
       | panstromek wrote:
       | I always enjoyed your annual reports (and the website redesign
       | story). This looks like a happy ending to that whole saga.
        
       | Arch-TK wrote:
       | > ServerCo would email me a list of detailed questions about
       | TinyPilot's finances and risks, I'd answer in a day or two, and
       | then there'd be weeks of silence. Finally, they'd respond with a
       | new round of questions, and we'd start the cycle again.
       | 
       | Wow, I've done technical due diligence for a number of large
       | acquisitions in the past few years (quite a few big enough that
       | most people on HN would have heard of them) and the usual
       | timescales are in the order of a couple of weeks and involve
       | constant and in some cases daily question rounds.
       | 
       | Taking what sounds like months and months of time to handle the
       | process sounds super laid back. Certainly seems far more
       | stressful than anything I've ever seen.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Yeah, a bit of extra context is that the four months that I was
         | talking to ServerCo also overlapped with my wedding and
         | honeymoon last year. I would have pushed for a quicker
         | decision, but I didn't want to be in serious negotiations about
         | an acquisition at the same time as my wedding.
         | 
         | That said, when I talked to Chris at Quiet Light about how it
         | played out with ServerCo, he said it was rare to see strategic
         | acquisitions come together successfully at TinyPilot's scale.
         | He suspected that because I approached ServerCo and
         | acquisitions weren't on their mind at all, it just wasn't a
         | priority for them, so that's why everything went so slowly.
        
       | nickca wrote:
       | Congrats and thanks for being so open in the write up!
        
       | codegeek wrote:
       | "When you sell a business at TinyPilot's scale, there's no
       | deposit. You can invest hundreds of hours into preparing reports
       | for due diligence, reveal all your confidential business secrets,
       | and spend thousands of dollars negotiating legal documents and
       | still walk away with nothing if the buyer backs out."
       | 
       | Great write up overall but as someone who has bought a couple of
       | businesses, it is not just the seller who loses out if a buyer
       | backs out. The buyer can also spend lot of time/money vetting the
       | business including legal fee etc during due diligence. On a
       | recent deal, I spent over 10k as a buyer until we finalized the
       | APA. If the deal fell through after that (possible), I would have
       | lost that money and the months of time of course.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Yes, definitely agree. I didn't mean to say that the buyer has
         | no skin in the game, just that the seller receives no
         | compensation if the buyer pulls out of the deal.
         | 
         | In this case, the buyer probably spent more on the deal than I
         | did, but that wouldn't really comfort me if they had backed out
         | last minute.
        
           | codegeek wrote:
           | Yes of course. Basically when a deal falls through after
           | spending weeks or months on it, both sides lose big. That's
           | why you want to do it with professionals and have a good
           | Lawyer and CPA on your side.
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | Does it also feel like you showed your hand and all they had
           | to do was ante to see it? I'd be very anxious about getting
           | screwed by unsavoury actors.
        
       | lloydatkinson wrote:
       | > $1M in annual revenue.
       | 
       | > A month ago, I sold the company for $600k.
       | 
       | ?????
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | It's a hardware product, so profit is much lower than revenue.
         | SaaS businesses can often sell as a multiple of revenue because
         | they have relatively low costs, but with hardware, there's a
         | lot of overhead.
        
         | andrethegiant wrote:
         | > Sale price: $598,000 (2.4x annual earnings)
         | 
         | Also confused here, the math doesn't seem to be mathing up
        
           | runako wrote:
           | Revenue is $1m. Earnings are less than revenue, because you
           | have to pay for salaries & stuff to generate the $1m in
           | revenue. After expenses of ~$750k, the business earned
           | roughly $250k in profit. Thats' real money the owner(s) could
           | put into their personal accounts.
           | 
           | Businesses are typically valued as a multiple of their
           | earnings (in the stock market, this is the P/E ratio). For
           | hardware/e-commerce companies, 2.4x is in the range of fair
           | value.
           | 
           | Again, you multiply by the earnings and not the revenue. That
           | gives you the actual sale price.
        
         | stevoski wrote:
         | Revenue, not profit.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Congratulations, and good luck with your next phase of life (baby
       | and whatever else it brings). It's been interesting watching your
       | journey via your blog that pops up here every year.
        
       | mmmlinux wrote:
       | How did you get people to trust your product? If I see something
       | like this from a small outfit for a cheap price, I will assume
       | that the price is being made up some where else. How did you
       | assure you customers you cant access their machines when you
       | want. Or that your service will offer the reliability they will
       | need?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _How did you get people to trust your product? If I see
         | something like this from a small outfit for a cheap price, I
         | will assume that the price is being made up some where else.
         | How did you assure you customers you cant access their machines
         | when you want. Or that your service will offer the reliability
         | they will need?_
         | 
         | Good question!
         | 
         | Customers didn't express concern to me about me accessing their
         | machines. I don't know if I did something special to engender
         | trust or the average customer isn't so worried about that
         | threat. I could imagine that there was some trust in the fact
         | that my face was on the website, and I was clear about who I
         | was and that I was located in the US. For a lot of customers,
         | I'd imagine that I'm less likely to have backdoored the product
         | than a faceless corporation who operates from overseas.
         | 
         | I also found that many of our customers found us through word
         | of mouth. So there was trust that the product worked well
         | because they heard recommendations from friends, co-workers, or
         | bloggers that they liked.
        
       | kristianp wrote:
       | > Sale price: $598,000 (2.4x annual earnings)
       | 
       | I don't want to offend, but 2.4x earnings is disappointing to me.
       | I dream of selling a business for 5-10 times earnings and
       | retiring. The assumption being the 5x earnings assumes the
       | business will grow, perhaps doubling every 5 years?
        
       | ezekg wrote:
       | > My wife and I also wanted to start a family. TinyPilot only
       | occupied about 20% of my time, but it occupied 90% of my stress.
       | I would have done a terrible job juggling founder stress with new
       | parent stress.
       | 
       | I feel this. Being a founder is hard, and raising kids is very
       | hard. I was a little bit sad when I saw this headline show up on
       | HN, because I've been following you for years, ever since the
       | beginning. I always admired your hardware business, and the
       | yearly retros, and I was sad to see it all end. But after reading
       | the post, I do understand. Congrats on the sale, and on the
       | child. I hope you can find some relief from the stress of being a
       | founder, and I hope your new family will bring you as much joy as
       | my 2 kids have (with +1 on the way for me as well).
       | 
       | Would you build another hardware business, or are you going to
       | try for a software business next?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks, Zeke!
         | 
         | > _Would you build another hardware business, or are you going
         | to try for a software business next?_
         | 
         | No, I don't think I'd try hardware again.
         | 
         | It's a shame because I learned so much about hardware and
         | selling a physical product, so I do have an edge if I wanted to
         | do something else that involves both hardware and software, but
         | bootstrapping hardware from zero is just so risky. I caught a
         | lot of lucky breaks for it to work out with TinyPilot; but
         | simple one-time events like a manufacturing error or a lost
         | shipments could have sunk the entire company in the first two
         | years.
         | 
         | I'd like to try another educational product. I released a
         | blogging course at the end of 2020. I didn't have time to
         | promote it much because TinyPilot swallowed all my time, but it
         | still has made $10k of profit. I'd like to try something like
         | that again.
         | 
         | But I would also like to build some kind of pure software
         | business if I land on the right idea and the right market for
         | it.
        
       | willsmith72 wrote:
       | When they ask, "how do I know if I have product-market fit?", i
       | will point them here
       | 
       | > With every other project, I had to beg and plead with people
       | even to try my product. With TinyPilot, there was so much demand
       | that I struggled for months to keep the product stocked.
        
       | holografix wrote:
       | A brokerage fee of roughly 20% sounds _wild_. Can anyone comment
       | on whether he was ripped off or whether it's normal?
        
       | balls187 wrote:
       | 1) Congrats on your exit.
       | 
       | 2) Congrats on expecting.
       | 
       | 3) Thank you for sharing. I found this insightful, and hopefully
       | throughout the journey you found more fulfillment than you would
       | have had you stayed working at Google making software for such
       | amazing product manager decisions like a $240 smart watch for 8
       | year olds...
        
       | tadeegan wrote:
       | How much tax did you pay? Long term cap gains?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | I'm still working with my accountant on that, so I don't have
         | the final figure. I'm expecting the taxes to be relatively low
         | due to expenses that I had to amortize in the last couple of
         | years:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40513450
        
       | ttcbj wrote:
       | Congratulations! And thank you for sharing your story over the
       | years. You are an excellent writer and thoughtful founder. I am
       | really glad you found this graceful and economically rewarding
       | exit.
       | 
       | I also own a small bootstrapped company (pure software), and I am
       | now on year 21 (!). Someday, my business will run its course.
       | When it does, I will probably write a blog post about the entire
       | experience of starting and owning it, and if I do I will have
       | been inspired by your posts.
       | 
       | Best wishes.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading and for the kind words!
         | 
         | And 21 years is amazing! With everything that's changed in the
         | last two decades, it's awesome that you've continued adapting
         | and kept competitive all these years later.
        
       | fitsumbelay wrote:
       | thanks for posting this
        
       | mountain_peak wrote:
       | First off, congratulations on the sale - sounds like the right
       | time and the right reasons for you, and you're 100% right on the
       | seemingly 'backwards' nature of incentives and rewards when
       | working for a large org. I was somewhat saddened when the logo
       | changed (I suggested an alternate), but completely understand
       | your rationale.
       | 
       | As a side project, I'm currently working with a hardware founder
       | (I'm primarily software) who exited twice before having his
       | "clock cleaned" by overseas competition steal and undercut his
       | patented products on his third venture, which caused him to all
       | but close shop and retire early. He's back I think due to
       | boredom, but I'm seeing just how difficult hardware is. Why do
       | you think hardware doesn't generally have the same level of
       | 'respect' as software? From what I can see, it should be held in
       | much higher regard with a correspondingly higher level of
       | compensation. Is it literally just the current ability for
       | hardware to be reverse-engineered and undercut?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks!
         | 
         | > _Why do you think hardware doesn 't generally have the same
         | level of 'respect' as software? From what I can see, it should
         | be held in much higher regard with a correspondingly higher
         | level of compensation. Is it literally just the current ability
         | for hardware to be reverse-engineered and undercut?_
         | 
         | Oh, my perception of hardware engineers is that they are held
         | in similar regard to software developers.
         | 
         | If they do get less prestige, my guess is that it just comes
         | down to money. The margins on pure software products are so
         | high, so software businesses can afford to pay their software
         | engineers really well. I've heard that typically hardware
         | products sell for about 3-4x their bill of materials, so that
         | eats up a huge chunk of your profits. And then there are all
         | the other costs like storage, shipping, fulfillment that are
         | nearly zero for a software business but significant for a
         | hardware business.
         | 
         | I think for similar reasons, we don't see a lot of successful
         | hardware startups. The VC money is probably flowing much more
         | heavily toward software, so we hear of fewer hardware unicorn
         | companies.
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | _without an office and custom in-house manufacturing, a
       | prospective owner could run TinyPilot from anywhere in the
       | world._
       | 
       | Questions business brokers ask is how many hours the owner spends
       | each week, and if it needs to be on site.
       | 
       |  _Lifetime profit from business_
       | 
       | Thanks for including this. Startup hype always demands a focus on
       | the size of the exit, ignoring the other funds extracted from the
       | venture in the form of salary and covering other costs.
        
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