[HN Gopher] Turning psychiatric labels into identities
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Turning psychiatric labels into identities
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 76 points
       Date   : 2024-05-27 07:06 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | thunderbong wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/RfTgj
        
       | bitmasher9 wrote:
       | This is a classic mapping problem
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | HITOP sounds even worse with a spectrum for everything. It sounds
       | less like a system for diagnoses and more a subjective, self
       | reported way of classifying all humans.
        
         | Mathnerd314 wrote:
         | If you look at the suggested measures, you will see that for
         | example, the Big-5 personality traits are on there. https://ren
         | aissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu/sites/default/fil.... Although
         | self-reported, I wouldn't say Big-5 is "subjective". The
         | measures have good test-retest validity and many independent
         | scales have been developed and found to be strongly correlated.
         | I would argue this means Big-5 is not just "you answered this
         | question on this scale" - it is measuring something deeper,
         | maybe not personality per se but at least a mental attitude. I
         | could easily see extending this sort of measurement process to
         | all of the traits in DSM, and I think it is a worthwhile goal.
         | 
         | There are two issues I have with HiTOP though. First, they
         | haven't actually developed and published the scales, or even a
         | concise and reliable description of them. For example, if you
         | look for Big-5 scales, you will find that only extraversion and
         | neuroticism are well-defined. The other dimensions aren't
         | replicable. Just by listing Big-5 and not adding any caveats,
         | it is clear that HiTOP isn't taking a critical view of these
         | measures. In terms of actual, usable scales, there are just the
         | ICD-11 and DSM-5 AMPD personality models, and combining these
         | into a concise scale is active research. In this area, the
         | HiTOP project has accomplished little so far besides drawing
         | attention to these and other models. There is a 405-question
         | battery https://hitop.unt.edu/clinical-tools/hitop-digital-
         | assessmen..., but it hasn't been validated.
         | 
         | Second, I find the goals somewhat confused and the distinction
         | between categorical and dimensional somewhat artificial. For
         | example in
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5811364/, the
         | proposal is to have a number of traits and to rate their
         | severity. This model isn't particularly different from the
         | current DSM - it is just that now rather than a "diagnosis of
         | autism" one is rated as having a "severe autism trait". It is
         | possible to have multiple diagnoses in the DSM and similarly in
         | the proposed model it is possible to have multiple traits.
         | About the only real difference is that diagnoses are going to
         | be redefined to be one level above, what could be termed a
         | meta-diagnosis in the current DSM. This is presumably going to
         | be more strictly trait-based, and the traits are going to be
         | de-duplicated, so that there are fewer differential diagnoses
         | to deal with. You can see the proposed grouping here:
         | https://renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu/HITOP/AboutHiTOP. I
         | don't see much issue with such groupings, but I also don't see
         | it as a big change. Despite them saying it's a new framework
         | that bears no relationship to the current one, I think all the
         | current labels will still be around for a while, and it doesn't
         | seem hard to fit all the DSM-5 labels into the new framework
         | either as traits or as diagnoses (syndromes).
        
       | BLKNSLVR wrote:
       | Sometimes the 'label' seems to be an excuse to continue
       | behaviours that, were they not-yet-labeled, an individual would
       | be encouraged to change.
       | 
       | The label can be a shield against change or a weapon used to slay
       | any accusation of weakness of discipline or laziness. It can be
       | used as a security blanket to maintain the lifestyle to which one
       | has become accustomed, justify all the bad habits involuntarily
       | picked up from bad parenting and the ubiquity of entertainment
       | and communication with friends and the complete lack of
       | familiarity with being alone with only ones thoughts for company
       | for any period of time.
       | 
       | I know, for myself, there are easy and hard choices. I'm sure
       | there are impossible choices for some states of mind, but they're
       | a long way from my experience, and so all of the above may sound
       | incredibly insensitive to those to whom I cannot even fake to
       | relate with. I mean no offense, I'd like to have it explained.
       | 
       | Is mental illness ever a learnt behaviour?
       | 
       | Is mental illness a crystallisation of habits we unknowingly
       | locked ourselves into?
       | 
       | What is mental illness and what is just unfamiliar, not yet
       | modelled behaviour and reactions to behaviour?
       | 
       | Can any of the spectrums be navigated downwards through the
       | smallest of steps over a long enough time period?
       | 
       | What if "domestic violence" was actually a mental illness?
       | 
       | (I ask the above to invoke thoughtfulness about our definitions
       | and limitations and reactions to labels. I do not justify
       | domestic violence, but that's because I believe there is always
       | some amount of choice in how a human can react to a situation).
        
         | suroot wrote:
         | > complete lack of familiarity with being alone with only ones
         | thoughts for company for any period of time.
         | 
         | Riiiight...
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | We're all hanging out in the comments, none of us should be
           | casting that stone.
        
         | grugagag wrote:
         | > The label is a shield against change
         | 
         | Surely it could be used for that. But it could also be used to
         | get people who seem to fit the label to connect and discuss
         | their own puzzling patterns of behavior, perhaps better
         | understand why they never fit in no matter how hard they tried
         | and so on. What is absolutely clear to me is that we as a
         | population aren't uniform at all in thinking and operating;
         | being a minority could be a painful experience as you're
         | expected to conform to the norm. I think most discussion that
         | expands this understanding is useful.
        
           | zaphar wrote:
           | For official diagnoses I think labels can be a useful way to
           | begin conversations about improvement. However what looks
           | like a growing trend is self-diagnoses. In those cases what
           | seems to be happening more often is the label becomes an
           | excuse and an identity to try to live up to.
           | 
           | I don't think self-diagnosis is something that should be
           | encouraged or lauded in any way. It seems more harmful than
           | good so far.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | Self diagnosis seems completely natural when mental health
             | care is unavailable because of a shortage of providers, or
             | expense. What else are people going to do?
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | I didn't say it wasn't understandable. I just don't think
               | it's a good idea or something to encourage. If it
               | actually makes things worse, even if it sounds like a
               | good idea, it's not something that should be encouraged.
               | And I do think it has a tendency to make things worse.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Worse, in mental care you're better off doing g some
               | self-diagnosis to narrow down the possibilities and know
               | which specialist to go first. If you just go to the first
               | general psychiatrist you can find, it's likely they'll
               | first want you explore depression.
               | 
               | The problem with the above is, treating depression is a
               | long process that can take years to yield perceptible
               | results. If you try to explore it first, chances are
               | you'll never explore anything else. Many of the other
               | diagnoses can be tested and ruled out much faster,
               | possibly in days to weeks (e.g. ADHD), so this is what
               | you'd be better off starting with - but you have to
               | suspect it first to know to seek out a psychiatrist
               | specializing in that particular condition and ask them
               | for an evaluation specifically.
        
             | bluescrn wrote:
             | Growing up in the 80s, kids usually weren't diagnosed with
             | autism unless it was severe. There's no cure/medication, so
             | seeking an official diagnosis is of no real benefit. But
             | many people eventually connect the dots as adults, maybe do
             | some reading, and suddenly make sense of their struggles
             | and behaviors. Are they really less 'valid' than those with
             | an 'official' diagnosis?
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | I need to do _something_ and this is something is not
               | usually a good justification for anything.
               | 
               | It takes literally years of experience to properly
               | diagnose someone, so yes, I do think it is potentially
               | less valid than an official diagnosis. Self diagnosis has
               | an effect of becoming a self fulfilling prophecy many
               | times. Therapists have to get training in avoiding
               | leading a patient into a wrong diagnosis because it leads
               | to some terrible outcomes. It's called "iatrogenic
               | illness" in the literature. Self diagnosing patients have
               | none of that training and are at significantly higher
               | risk of causing it to themselves.
        
         | demondemidi wrote:
         | There's no question kids (and immature young adults) identity
         | shop, they always have, and DSM diagnosis is a nifty badge. And
         | there's always profit in this desire to be unique just like
         | everyone else. Whether it is a mall store that sells specific
         | identity adornments, or today, doctors who will sign a
         | prescription, both are ways to profit off kids anxiety at being
         | individuals.
         | 
         | But today's social media (even HN) is dominated by this
         | generation so it is hard to discuss it without being downvoted
         | into oblivion.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Perhaps the pendulum has swung too far, but for me as a kid
           | psychiatric treatment and diagnosis was shameful. Before my
           | time, it was grounds to send people to be locked away forever
           | (which is probably why it was shameful in my childhood).
           | 
           | The new era where everyone has a disorder is, in my opinion,
           | preferable to the one where any disorder was viewed as
           | inherent weakness that needs to be toughed through, even if
           | that means some are diagnosed (or claiming diagnosis)
           | undeservedly.
           | 
           | It means that those that actually need these services (and
           | yes, it's more than just make believe) have an easier and
           | more socially acceptable route.
           | 
           | I view it much the same way I view allergies. Sure, some
           | people are "faking it" to be special, but enough aren't and
           | allergens are a major problem for them. I have a family
           | member that has been hospitalized multiple times because
           | someone decided to test if they really had their allergy.
        
         | dingnuts wrote:
         | > Is mental illness a crystallisation of habits we unknowingly
         | locked ourselves into?
         | 
         | This has to be trolling. You have to deny even the most extreme
         | forms of mental illness, like schizophrenia with persistent
         | hallucinations, to be so completely obtuse in the current era
         | as to blame mental illness on the patients.
         | 
         | > What if "domestic violence" was actually a mental illness?
         | 
         | If you plead insanity and are a danger to others, you go to an
         | institution. This isn't an edgy thought experiment, bud. This
         | is the sad reality of peoples' lives that you're dismissing.
         | Fuck you with this flame bait, seriously. You aren't "just
         | asking questions", you're an asshole.
        
           | BLKNSLVR wrote:
           | I was not intending to offend or troll and my apologies for
           | coming across to you like that.
           | 
           | It's a sensitive topic that covers myriad issues both mild
           | and extreme and I guess my questions were around the milder
           | side and therefore could be taken as offensive if looking at
           | it from the more extreme side.
           | 
           | The article focuses heavily on autism and only mentions
           | schizophrenia once, so my commentary was based mostly on
           | autism. The article also mentions sociopathy / antisocial
           | personality disorder, which feels to me fairly distant from
           | autism, or at least the lower ends of that spectrum.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | There are "causes," and "effects."
         | 
         | A lot of "effects" are actually expressions of coping
         | mechanisms. Things like drug use, spousal abuse, excessive
         | sexual promiscuity, hoarding, having three hundred cats, etc.,
         | are, quite possibly, self-prescribed ways to deal with the pain
         | created by inner "causes."
         | 
         | Very often, these coping mechanisms cause more problems, that
         | also need to be coped/fixed.
         | 
         | Say we steal a hat.
         | 
         | We're a "thief." Simple, straightforward, and solves society's
         | problem.
         | 
         | But _why_ did we steal the hat?
         | 
         | Did we steal it to keep the sun off our head? That means we
         | wanted it for personal security.
         | 
         | Did we steal it because it's a cool hat, with a cool logo, and
         | will impress our companions? That means we stole it to improve
         | our social standing.
         | 
         | Did we steal it, because we think that it will impress
         | $MEMBER_OF_SEX_WE_LIKE? That means we stole it, because we
         | wanted to have more sex.
         | 
         | We could also have stolen it, because we are compulsive
         | thieves, and just _had_ to steal it; for no other reason, than
         | we could. Stealing the hat was a coping mechanism for the inner
         | pain, created by not stealing it.
         | 
         | The first three causes are _motivations_ , and aren't
         | necessarily any indication of a particular psychiatric disorder
         | (but there's still stuff needs to be dealt with). There's a
         | pretty good chance that consequences can be factored into the
         | decision to steal, mitigating the problem.
         | 
         | The last one, though, is straight from the DSM, and jail isn't
         | really going to do anything to solve the problem. It will still
         | be there, when we get out. Same goes for many people that are
         | lifelong predators/offenders.
         | 
         | I'm a big believer in addressing _root causes_ , and not just
         | playing Whack-A-Mole with effects. This applies for finding and
         | fixing software bugs, as well as my own pathologies. I like to
         | fix the bug at its deepest level. When I was younger, I tended
         | to apply the fix at the shallowest possible point.
         | 
         | That means that I need to be _excruciatingly self-honest_. We
         | look at diagnoses of mental illness or personal pathology as
         | "investments," and tend to deliberately deny any data that may
         | indicate that our diagnosis is wrong, or incomplete. Basic
         | human nature. I have close family with extremely serious mental
         | illness, and have been watching this play out, with highly
         | educated therapists.
         | 
         | Reality really doesn't give a crap about what we _think_. It
         | just is. There 's no "moral" component. There's no need for
         | accolades or approval. There's no money to be made.
         | 
         | It. Just. Is., no matter what we do to bend it into our own
         | worldview.
         | 
         | If we're good with the shallow fix (and, in many cases, that's
         | fine), then we can go for the easy fix, and we don't need to
         | disturb our carefully-cultivated theories.
         | 
         | If we really want to understand the _cause_ , though, and apply
         | the fix at a deep level that will ensure a robust and lasting
         | solution, we need to be absolutely _brutal_ about cleaning
         | house, inventorying our own points of view, and avoiding sacred
         | cows and third rails[0].
         | 
         | [0] https://littlegreenviper.com/miscellany/sacred-cows-and-
         | thir...
        
         | dleink wrote:
         | Your first two questions I'd answer with, "Yes, trauma."
         | 
         | Additionally, I suspect an expert would say, "Domestic Violence
         | is a crime caused by mental illness."
        
         | rachofsunshine wrote:
         | I don't think most mental health professionals would say that
         | mental illness is a reason to maintain a damaging lifestyle.
         | Quite the opposite - damaging normal healthy function is one of
         | the defining traits of a mental illness, and one of the ways
         | that mental illness is distinguished from normal variance in
         | human cognition and emotion.
         | 
         | But mental illness, as a framing, suggests a different course
         | of action.
         | 
         | When I was severely depressed many years ago, I was constantly
         | trying to force myself to take more actions, to do more to
         | change my life circumstances. I was nearly always screaming at
         | myself inside my head to JUST DO SOMETHING AHHHHH. But that
         | didn't work.
         | 
         | It wasn't that I didn't want to do things. It was that I was,
         | in a local sense, incapable of doing them. Not in the sense
         | that I physically could not, say, move my muscles to go clean
         | up my kitchen, but in the sense that I could not trigger the
         | series of brain processes required to do that. The analogy I
         | used a lot at the time was that it felt like being one of those
         | old cord-pull lawn mowers. I could pull and pull and pull and
         | pull and all I'd ever hear was the engine sputtering, and it
         | was the most frustrating thing in the world.
         | 
         | But today, here's how I'd frame the state I was in:
         | 
         | * I was under significant stress from my living situation and
         | self-criticism.
         | 
         | * I was under _too much_ stress to emotionally cope with, so
         | 
         | * I disengaged from feeling anything too strongly about my life
         | or the world around me,
         | 
         | * Which drained the positive and negative reward structures
         | that feed into motivation, and
         | 
         | * I spent so much energy trying to fend off those thoughts that
         | 
         | * I didn't have sufficient mental energy for anything else, so
         | 
         | * I couldn't do the daily maintenance tasks needed to avoid
         | further deterioration
         | 
         | Put another way, ability to overcome one's natural tendencies
         | is a finite resource, and I was exhausting mine completely just
         | getting through the day without losing it, which was disabling
         | my ability to fix my situation.
         | 
         | I didn't need to yell at myself more. What I needed was an
         | environment that wasn't constantly stressing me out, and to
         | train myself not to burn all my mental energy hating myself.
         | Once I got that environment, once I understood that motivation
         | is only very weakly under my direct control, and once I trained
         | myself to maintain an environment that didn't add stress to my
         | life, my mental health struggles abated.
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | To put this in more HN-y terms, mental illness has a lot of
         | similarities to working with a crappy external API (that's the
         | mental illness bit) and to technical debt (that's the life-
         | state bit).
         | 
         | You can't go fix someone else's API. It's going to feed you
         | crappy poorly-structured unreliable data all day long and
         | there's nothing you can do about it. But you _can_ build a
         | wrapper around it. You can validate it. You can learn to view
         | what it tells you with a critical eye, and to correct for its
         | common errors.
         | 
         | And you can't fix technical debt today. Today you just have to
         | engineer around it. But if that's all you ever do, the debt
         | keeps accumulating and the problem gets worse. But if you can
         | free up some time to go fix things, that frees up even more
         | time to fix even more things, and you can find yourself on a
         | more positive feedback loop that brings you back into a healthy
         | place.
         | 
         | The way you're framing this, BLKNSLVR, is like saying "it's
         | possible to build software on top of this foundation, so just
         | do it". And it is _possible_. But it isn 't easy, it burns far
         | more resources than it should, and it doesn't fix the problem.
         | The proper solution is to figure out a way to not be on fire
         | today, then fix the underlying problem so you're not on fire
         | tomorrow.
        
           | BLKNSLVR wrote:
           | Thank you for the detailed reply. I have very shallow
           | experience with some of what you said above, and the way you
           | explained it makes the 'stuck' feeling make more sense.
           | 
           | I've treated it, in the past, as "you've gotten over it
           | before, you'll get over it again, try not to take it out on
           | other people in the meantime", which is treating the symptoms
           | not the cause.
           | 
           | I'll re-read this a few times.
           | 
           | Thank you.
        
       | mjfl wrote:
       | iatrogenesis - when a therapist gives a possible explanation for
       | your problem, they actually harm you because you begin to see it
       | and start acting it out. The world becomes a theater, and you are
       | on stage, playing your part in your mental illness. But these
       | problems have such a low bar for diagnosis, that the majority of
       | people qualify for at least one. But if the majority of people
       | have some trait, is it really illness?
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | My understanding is that the DSM type labels are only
         | appropriate if the character trait is having a catastrophic
         | effect on someone's life.
        
           | pseudalopex wrote:
           | Significant. Not catastrophic.
        
         | pseudalopex wrote:
         | > But these problems have such a low bar for diagnosis, that
         | the majority of people qualify for at least one.
         | 
         | What is your evidence?
         | 
         | > But if the majority of people have some trait, is it really
         | illness?
         | 
         | Lifetime cancer rates in some countries is 1 in 2. Can we say
         | cancer is really illness?
        
       | throw383y8 wrote:
       | Priviliges?
       | 
       | Mental illness is quite common. Imagine you could not label
       | people as "creepy" or "invel", because they are most likely on
       | some sort of spectrum. With mental illness they would be
       | protected group. If it's personality trait, they are just creepy
       | loosers.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | Well, at least it would stop people from calling them names and
         | feeling smugly superior about being on the lucky side of
         | circumstances they likely had zero control over. At the same
         | time, those "creeps" would have more therapy options available,
         | helping at least some of them fit in better with the society at
         | large.
         | 
         | I understand that some types of people are inherently a problem
         | for the majority of the population; I still feel that calling
         | them "creepy losers" is a douchebag behavior that shows lack of
         | empathy.
        
           | throw383y8 wrote:
           | > some types of people are inherently a problem for the
           | majority of the population
           | 
           | Dog owners? Getting a dog is 100% voluntary. Public
           | defecation is all their choice. They can do it everywhere, if
           | they get consent from all parties involved! Even licking and
           | sniffing strangers crotch is ok, if it is consensual. Maybe
           | even "suicide by pitbull" can be somehow voluntary.
           | 
           | But it is totally fine to call them out. Creepy losers who
           | can only have relationship with beast, that runs away on very
           | first opportunity!!!
        
         | mrangle wrote:
         | Trained, high functioning people with the same condition are
         | likely the best diagnosticians for that condition. At least for
         | The Spectrum. As they would theoretically be better able to
         | identify malingerers. The other side of the coin is that they
         | could be more likely to flesh out a diagnoses in people whose
         | symptoms are subtler or otherwise better covered.
        
       | complaintdept wrote:
       | Why are people so desperate to cling to labels? As I get older
       | the notion of identity just seems increasingly absurd. Identities
       | and labels have just become their own end. People seem like they
       | don't exist anymore except on the terms and expectations already
       | laid out by other people. It's no way to live.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | They're filling a god shaped hole in their heart. They like
         | most (all?) people don't understand the world or their role in
         | it, or even worse they know they have no role in this world so
         | they reach for what ever can give them fulfilment, belonging
         | and direction, just like religious people do.
         | 
         | I agree that it's no way to live.
        
           | idontknowifican wrote:
           | it always felt a bit more reactionary to me. a lot of people
           | feel like they were unjustly treated, and the label helps
           | them feel better about that stuff. normally i have seen an
           | adult with a fresh diagnosis go really hard in to that
           | identity, only to realize they over did it and land in a more
           | neutral space.
           | 
           | as someone who has a bunch of adult friends getting autism or
           | add/adhd diagnosed, there is an immediate phase of "all of my
           | problems are caused by this", followed by "how do i cope with
           | this", and finally "this is just helpful context for me".
           | 
           | there are quite a few that get stuck on one of those phases,
           | but largely most people loop back around to a more reasonable
           | view.
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | > god-shaped hole
           | 
           | This cliche phrase definitely takes me back!
           | 
           | The problem here is of course that gods aren't capable of
           | solving this kind of problem anyway; an external,
           | instrumental purpose ('God made me to do X', or 'God created
           | me to have Y effect on the world') isn't _meaningful_ in the
           | way people want intrinsic or subjective purposes to be
           | anyway.
           | 
           | In that sense religious institutions provide the same kind of
           | earthly, banal, limited meaning that hackerspaces or secular
           | charities or sports clubs or families do. But they're not any
           | better at making existentialist yearnings well-formed than
           | anything else is.
           | 
           | I also don't think all that is necessary to explain the
           | phenomenon at hand. That account is way too broad.
           | 
           | Imo the drive here is more narrative; it's about making the
           | stories of our lives make sense-- often in the simple sense
           | of making them unsurprising. Discovering a diagnosis can be
           | very cathartic, and can (partially) explain lots of patterns
           | and events from one's past. It also brings some relief
           | because it tells us that we are not uniquely defective in our
           | failings and points us towards examples of others who have
           | managed to succeed or survive despite the same ailment. And
           | it gives us a vocabulary for identifying similar people from
           | whom we can learn and in whom we can find solidarity. All of
           | those things being are rewarding and/or useful.
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | If some find solace in religion, then good for them! But some
           | (most?) are able to lead fulfilled lives without religion,
           | and some lead outright miserable lives even with
           | Jesus/YHWH/Allah/Quetzalcoatl in their hearts.
        
           | mcphage wrote:
           | Religious people have all the same identity issues as non
           | religious people. I've been around too many religious people
           | to think otherwise.
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | That's what I'm saying. We all have these problems, people
             | cope with them differently. Some people fill that hole with
             | religion "hurr durr, I'm a Catholic, others fill it withs
             | "hurr durr, I'm an Oilers fan" and others fill it with
             | psychiatric labels "Hurr durr I'm an autistic bipolar type
             | II"
             | 
             | Different sides of the same coin.
        
           | thinkingemote wrote:
           | At root it's kind of like this, you were right about God but
           | it's not really about religion or religious people in the
           | West. It's about looking for identity within and choosing
           | something versus having something chosen for you. We name
           | ourselves. Now we can choose our identity to be anything and
           | even physical and biological reality is less important than
           | our choices. We are told to find ourselves, fulfilment,
           | belonging and direction within ourselves.
           | 
           | A person can choose their religion now, they can label
           | themselves according to what they believe in. For many in the
           | West religion is a kind of loose political or ideological
           | club. For many, religion and identity is found and chosen
           | from within. "it's the real me", "I have found the meaning in
           | my life by this chosen identity".
           | 
           | But it has not been this way forever, and in other (non-
           | Western) parts of the world it's still another way.
           | 
           | The other way is to have your identity defined from above or
           | outside you. For most people who we were, our identities were
           | defined according to our position, where we lived, what our
           | father did, what the culture was. Your father named you. To
           | be "real" you would behave according to what identity had
           | been given to you. Ultimately God is above everything and
           | with regard to identities, symbolically represents this top
           | down giving of a meaning of life.
           | 
           | I guess it's making the hole bigger than trying to fill it
           | with something else.
           | 
           | Edits:
           | 
           | a) I suppose that some older religious people who were "born
           | into it" might be more towards identity-from-outside.
           | 
           | b) It would work with non religious people in identity-from-
           | outside cultures. Stereotypical examples: a farmer in rural
           | China, a salaryman in Japan or a peasant in 17th Century
           | Germany. Or a culture where children are encouraged to "do
           | their best" with what they have at hand vs "find themselves"
           | with things they might discover.
        
           | talldayo wrote:
           | A god-shaped hole, or a gap where god once was?
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_the_gaps
        
         | rmholt wrote:
         | Because of social groups. A single person with $ILLNESS may
         | want to connect with other people with $ILLNESS. Ergo making a
         | group around $ILLNESS and thus identity is born.
         | 
         | Labels are a tool, of communication with the rest of society,
         | of expression.
        
         | mxmilkiib wrote:
         | Communication, finding things, solidarity, community,
         | organisation.
         | 
         | If you're part of any group (or set of groups), you're either
         | less or more of an individual, depending on how you look at it,
         | both of which can be viewed normatively as good or bad.
        
         | temp0826 wrote:
         | Paradoxical, but I feel part of the process of individuation is
         | coming to terms with just how extraordinarily ordinary we
         | actually are. For many that naturally comes with age, we simply
         | care less about what others think. And it's very freeing. For
         | those that can't get there, I think there is more often than
         | not some kind of arrested development or trauma holding them to
         | that pattern. It absolutely can be overcome; best not judge (it
         | shouldn't really affect you in any case) and see that everyone
         | is on their own path and some are further along than others.
        
         | rebeccaskinner wrote:
         | People find others who have things in common with them. Those
         | things people have in common get names. Those named things
         | become a big part of a persons life and so become an identity.
         | 
         | Sometimes, identities are something that we choose- the article
         | is focused on people choosing a psychiatric diagnosis as an
         | identity but there are a lot of other identities people choose,
         | based on their work, hobbies, where they live, etc.
         | 
         | For example, I am a programmer. It's an identity I have, based
         | on both my work and hobbies. It's a useful shorthand for me to
         | share some information about myself and find other likeminded
         | people.
         | 
         | People don't always choose their identities either. A lot of
         | people have an identity imposed on them. When society creates
         | an identity around something that applies to you, it might be
         | impossible to avoid it even if you want to, and embracing it
         | may be a necessary survival strategy.
         | 
         | I don't think it's a matter of desperation that people cling to
         | them. In some cases it's a matter of pride, people want a way
         | to claim their membership in a group and show their values and
         | things they care about. I think we all do it, but some people
         | are aware of it or do it intentionally more than others. In
         | other cases, like I said, it's not a choice. People may
         | desperately want to not have a label imposed on them but they
         | can do little to avoid it.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Identities can backfire though because people who don't
           | identify as your identity have different ideas about that
           | identity than you might.
           | 
           | For example I'll never say "I'm a programmer" in a mixed
           | social gathering of people I don't already know. It's a total
           | conversation killer for anyone who isn't a programmer (i.e.
           | most other people) and I really try to avoid bringing it up
           | at least until I have found something else in common with the
           | person I'm talking to.
           | 
           | And in general, I think people who make $IDENTITY the main
           | feature of their personality will have difficulty outside of
           | that one social group.
        
             | rebeccaskinner wrote:
             | > Identities can backfire though because people who don't
             | identify as your identity have different ideas about that
             | identity than you might.
             | 
             | That can be true, and I think it's particularly common with
             | imposed, rather than adopted identities. In fact, people
             | having particular ideas about you that aren't necessarily
             | true is the reason a lot of imposed identities exist in the
             | first place. There's not a lot you can really do about it.
             | I suppose you can try very hard to not identify with
             | anything, but that's not always an option, and even when it
             | is it would be a very lonely existence.
             | 
             | > And in general, I think people who make $IDENTITY the
             | main feature of their personality will have difficulty
             | outside of that one social group.
             | 
             | Another way of saying that is that people who aren't well
             | rounded will have trouble in a lot of social situations. I
             | agree with that, but I don't think it's a problem related
             | to having identities so much as it is someone restricting
             | themselves to a single focal identity.
        
             | Mathnerd314 wrote:
             | I've tried introducing myself as "I'm a human", you'd think
             | everyone would agree with this label but it gets
             | unenthusiastic reactions. The followup "You're human too,
             | right?" is even worse.
        
               | mrangle wrote:
               | Do you not understand the lack of enthusiasm? The logic
               | will end with why its lack is not disagreement. Whereas
               | the opposite is implied in your post.
        
               | Mathnerd314 wrote:
               | Well, there are some labels that get enthusiasm, and some
               | that don't. Like, of the ones mentioned in the article,
               | "I'm an introvert", "I'm a Libra", "I'm Gen Z", I've
               | actually had some good conversations about conversation
               | styles, astrological sign personalities, and different
               | generations. But when I bring up being human, nobody is
               | willing to get into cognitive biases or the daily mishaps
               | of living. I understand that people have different
               | reactions, but I don't really understand why they react
               | the way they do - it seems like a culture issue.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | "I'm an introvert", "I'm a Libra", "I'm Gen Z" - people
               | mention these to separate themselves out of the group, or
               | general population. "I'm a Libra, which is unlike most of
               | you here, therefore my failings are unique and my
               | successes are what makes me special".
               | 
               | When you bring up "being human", you're _including
               | everyone else_ in the good and bad things you attribute
               | to being a human - which is likely to create awkwardness
               | and generate a lot of feelings, most of them not very
               | nice.
        
         | delecti wrote:
         | If you spend a long time feeling like nobody understands an
         | aspect of yourself, learning that there's a name for that is a
         | powerful feeling. People naturally gravitate towards people who
         | make them feel understood.
        
         | archsurface wrote:
         | A shortcut to identity - it used to be music t-shirts.
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | Having a label (and more specifically a mode of treatment) can
         | be the difference between being treated like a human with
         | health issues and just being "the guy who's weird"
        
           | StefanBatory wrote:
           | Like with autism. People are going to look at you differently
           | anyway, but if hey know you're autistic, they might be
           | willing to overlook some things that otherwise would label
           | you as weird.
        
         | Log_out_ wrote:
         | Cause society leaves you hanging and alone with genetic curses
         | best yiu get is chemical pacifiers and endless wallowing in the
         | psychological diggestive tract to reform you into a productive
         | sociopath. Labels help to for groups of people suffering a
         | similar fate ignored by the out group, which does not get what
         | labels are for.
        
         | mrangle wrote:
         | Because people need accommodations, either formal or informal.
         | At its base, the logic is no more complicated. Other reasons
         | for adopting a categorical identity will vary and often be
         | nonexistent.
        
       | azinman2 wrote:
       | It's not surprising. People seek identities to confirm who they
       | are, find companionship and community, and attach themselves to
       | something bigger than one can figure out for one's self. We see
       | it in people who are "healthy" as an identity, now in "nerds"...
       | so for mental issues it makes you feel bigger than just yourself.
       | I think less-clear identities are part of the big culture war
       | struggle in the US... the inability to handle a plurality.
        
       | kthejoker2 wrote:
       | "Are turning" implies some sort of novelty.
       | 
       | But it is the same as it ever was.
       | 
       | We've had the xue-qi, humors, hysteria, the zodiac signs, witch
       | hunts, the "sensitive" type, type A, temperaments, IQ tests,
       | Freud, Rorschach, Jung, Myers-Briggs ...
       | 
       | People will always try to "fix" themselves and others to a
       | particular set of traits and then predict and analyze their
       | future behavior through that "fixed" lens.
       | 
       | We're barely a century removed from phrenology being an accepted
       | criminal forensic tool.
       | 
       | We have always been susceptible to the simplicity of psychiatric
       | labels.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | > _We 're barely a century removed from phrenology being an
         | accepted criminal forensic tool._
         | 
         | This, specifically, is a bad argument.
         | 
         | Medicine is barely a century removed from using mercury salts
         | to treat syphilis, but as it stands, can completely cure it
         | with modern treatments, the rise of drug-resistant strains
         | notwithstanding.
         | 
         | If modern psychopathology is still largely prescientific, which
         | one can make a strong case for, this is because of
         | psychopathology now, not psychopathology a century ago.
        
         | thefaux wrote:
         | I'm not sure what point is being made here. I agree that many
         | people will mindlessly and uncritically accept labels. But this
         | comment feels cynically critical of any attempt to study
         | psychology. Psychology is hardly the only science with an
         | embarrassing history and many mistakes.
        
           | kthejoker2 wrote:
           | My point wasn't to slam on psychology; just the article seems
           | to imply identity through shallow psychological labels is a
           | new phenomenon, when it is as old as civilization itself.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | And it's not even just psychological labels, either. In
             | East Asia, mostly Japan, blood types are used as a form of
             | astrology (literally type A personalities). And in other
             | contexts modern people sometimes self-identify based on
             | their supposed chronotype or whether they're an endomorph
             | or an exomorph in order to retroactively explain their
             | nature or behaviors. Self-identity is often used for self-
             | justification.
        
       | bjornsing wrote:
       | I sometimes wonder how much of the incurability of some of these
       | illnesses or mental states is a product of people making them a
       | part of their identity, or having that identity forced upon them
       | by others. Because as pg quipped on Twitter the other day: "Never
       | make a fixable problem a part of your identity, because then
       | you'll never fix it!"
        
         | thefaux wrote:
         | Yeah, that's why I always raise an eyebrow when people self
         | describe as say a java dev or a rubyist.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | I feel this is something you do early on, as it generates
           | drive and gives some sense of belonging (and faux us-vs-them
           | conflicts that can pump a lot of motivation). Eventually, you
           | learn and experience enough to transcend identifying yourself
           | with a single set of tools.
        
         | mrangle wrote:
         | A problem with the article is the lack of differentiation, for
         | stated or implied diagnoses, between potentially curable
         | conditions and those that are developmental.
        
         | rachofsunshine wrote:
         | Having an understanding of what was wrong with me was an
         | important part of understanding how to fix it, or more
         | properly, how to work around it.
         | 
         | I struggle plenty with depression and anxiety in the mental-
         | illness sense of those words (as opposed to the current-
         | emotional-state sense). What that means is that my brain is
         | always over-sensitive to negatives and assumes bad outcomes in
         | cases of ambiguity, to a degree that isn't rationally
         | justifiable. I can't control that fact; it doesn't occur on a
         | conscious level and those are inputs to my cognition, not
         | outputs of it.
         | 
         | But what I _can_ do is recognize that _because_ I am helpless
         | to change those inputs, I need to know that they 're warped and
         | know how to compensate for them. I know that my brain will
         | serve me aggressively negative examples and downplay positive
         | ones, so I needed to practice both (a) not listening to it and
         | (b) consciously recalling positive examples to counterbalance
         | it. I know my brain will make me nervous and jittery, so I
         | needed to consciously train myself to think "okay, even if I
         | totally screw this up, it isn't the end of the world". I know I
         | tend to avoid things that scare or stress me, so I needed to
         | train myself to confront or remove them.
         | 
         | What my brain tells me still "feels" right to me, and it
         | probably always will, and in that sense I cannot not have the
         | mental health struggles I do. They are, in that sense,
         | cognitively incurable (and so far I have not found a medication
         | that lastingly cures them either). But understanding the fact
         | that that is a fundamental part of the mental world in which I
         | live has given me a lot of tools to do better than I could in
         | the past.
        
       | pseudalopex wrote:
       | > People's symptoms frequently evolve according to the labels
       | they've been given.
       | 
       | This could be true. But the anecdotes and claims in the article
       | are weak evidence.
       | 
       | > Following Layle's visit to the psychiatrist, her mother
       | observed, "You've been acting more and more autistic since we got
       | the diagnosis."
       | 
       | Reduced masking after diagnosis is common. Or her mother could
       | have noticed and related behaviors she didn't before.
       | 
       | > In 2006, a student at a Mexican boarding school developed
       | devastating leg pain and had trouble walking; soon hundreds of
       | classmates were afflicted. A fifteenth-century German nun started
       | biting her companions; eventually, the strange hysteria infected
       | convents from Holland to Italy.
       | 
       | This is argument from analogy. Mass hysteria spreads without
       | labels. And it is rare.
       | 
       | > Ian Hacking, the philosopher, argued that such a dynamic
       | fuelled the epidemic of multiple personality disorder in the late
       | twentieth century, and something similar seems to be playing out
       | now with the growing portrayal of dissociative identity disorder,
       | the current name for M.P.D., on social media.
       | 
       | This is begging the question. People more qualified than a
       | philosopher have argued many perspectives about DID diagnosis.
       | 
       | > One of Kriss's patients, a student who went by Haku, developed
       | a multiplicity of selves after being introduced to the concept of
       | dissociative identity disorder. "It's not that I thought he was
       | faking it," Kriss recalls. "It seemed more that Haku wanted to
       | have multiple personalities, even if that meant he had to force
       | himself and others to believe in it."
       | 
       | But does it occur frequently?
        
         | pxc wrote:
         | > People more qualified than a philosopher have argued many
         | perspectives about DID diagnosis.
         | 
         | Idk why you'd think a medical practitioner would be more
         | qualified than a philosopher of science about when it comes to
         | methodological issues, but you're wrong.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Perhaps because without having their theories reality-checked
           | on a regular basis, a philosopher of science effectively
           | turns into a protein-based LLM: saying convincing things, but
           | unable to realize when some of it is wrong and invalidates
           | everything said from that point on.
           | 
           | Medical practitioners live and breathe methodology; they
           | experience both the process and its output. They _are_ the
           | reality test.
        
       | kristianp wrote:
       | One mental health problem not mentioned here is schizophrenia.
       | Having a family member afflicted, I don't think having a label
       | makes things much better. The schizophrenia treatments available
       | just make me feel that we understand so little about it. The
       | drugs used are such blunt weapons that can be debilitating in
       | themselves.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | HN editorialised title: "Turning psychiatric labels into
       | identities"
       | 
       | Author's title: "Why We're Turning Psychiatric Labels Into
       | Identities"
       | 
       | Print edition title: "Read the label"
        
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