[HN Gopher] What the damaged Svalbard cable looked like
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       What the damaged Svalbard cable looked like
        
       Author : ingve
       Score  : 124 points
       Date   : 2024-05-26 19:12 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nrk.no)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nrk.no)
        
       | jamesblonde wrote:
       | TLDR; it probably wasn't the russians, most likely a trawler.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | This was January 2022. Didn't the alleged Russian interference
         | happen later, during the invasion of Ukraine?
        
           | defluct wrote:
           | Maybe you're thinking about Nord Stream
        
             | jhugo wrote:
             | What would the Russian motivation be for blowing that up?
             | They could have just turned off the gas supply.
        
               | omnibrain wrote:
               | They left one pipe of NS2. It would have been a political
               | victory for Putin with humiliation of the German
               | government if they had switched to this instead of
               | stopping gas imports via NS1&2 completely.
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | "NRK has previously reported how a Russian trawler crossed the
         | Svalbad cable more than 140 times, and more than a dozen times
         | before the damage occurred in January 2022. The shipowners have
         | denied having anything to do with the damage."
         | 
         | The norwegians seem to think it was a russian trawler and that
         | trawler doesn't exclude the possiblity that russians did it.
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | Yeah the Russians also used "trawlers" to hide their recovery
           | operations of KAL007 to hide their mass murder.
           | 
           | Trawler does not mean unintentional or not state related.
        
             | berkes wrote:
             | Wow, the Russians shot down another plane. I never heard of
             | KAL007 and thought MH17 was the first time this happened.
             | Did any other nation states ever shoot down passenger
             | airplanes?
        
               | arprocter wrote:
               | Full list:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airliner_shootdown_
               | inc...
        
               | yborg wrote:
               | Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752
               | 
               | Siberia Airlines Flight 1812
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | For completeness: the US navy shot down an Iranian
               | airliner.
        
               | astro-throw wrote:
               | The "full list" posted earlier has that one on it.
        
         | stanislavb wrote:
         | A trawler driven by the Russians?
        
         | lijok wrote:
         | If by "the russians" you mean russian defence, I can guarantee
         | they would use something as inconspicuous as a trawler for the
         | job rather than a combat vehicle
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | For the curious - google "tanker Minerva Julie Nord Stream".
           | While officially the tanker is Greek, it is tightly connected
           | to Russia.
           | 
           | I'd be looking for the key places in international waters and
           | the likes needed to be cut simultaneously to say paralyze
           | Europe banking and other infrastructure and would be checking
           | whether there are Russian (and affiliated like that Minerva
           | company) "trawlers" with a habit of hanging around those
           | places.
        
         | dagss wrote:
         | This article details how certain russian trawlers criss-crossed
         | a lot over another cable in Norway that broke some time
         | before...
         | 
         | ...and then the same trawlers were in the vicinity of this
         | cable in Svalbard when another trawler criss-crossed over it
         | until it broke
         | 
         | (In Norwegian but hopefully Google Translate will do an OK job
         | and mainly graphics)
         | 
         | https://www.nrk.no/nordland/xl/russiske-tralere-krysset-kabl...
        
           | holoduke wrote:
           | Criss crossing is quite normal behavior btw. I see it all the
           | time here at the North Sea near England.
        
             | glitchcrab wrote:
             | Sure, but that also makes it an ideal cover story too.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Does the Russian part of Svalbard depend on the cable for
         | Internet?
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | > The current is used to amplify the fibre optic signals that
       | flow through the 1300km long cables between the peninsula and the
       | Norwegian mainland.
       | 
       | This is magic to me. Anyone have a search term I could use to
       | better understand how electricity is used to boost a fibre optic
       | signal?
        
         | orlp wrote:
         | The optical signal repeaters that are part of the cable every N
         | kilometers need power to do their job.
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | Ohh there's physical electronic repeaters. Okay. I thought
           | this was some sort of electromagnetism witchcraft.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | It's all witchcraft anyway. I'm not sure what they use
             | exactly, but even photodiodes are pure witchcraft.
        
             | nbernard wrote:
             | There is still some witchcraft. Look up "optical pumping
             | amplifier" for instance.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | They actually are witchcraft. They amplify the signal
             | directly, without transforming it into electrical signal.
        
         | cricalix wrote:
         | "Fiber optic amplifier undersea" should do the trick. It's not
         | that the power supply wrapped around/alongside the fiber does
         | anything directly; it's being delivered to amplifiers. There's
         | a hackaday article that's got some history in it.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | It's a optic to electronic device that is embedded in the
         | cable, which is powered by electricity (but I think the tech
         | was improved, see my last link). It's mentioned here:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable...
         | with more detail here https://hackaday.com/2023/08/08/under-
         | the-sea-optical-repeat... and pictures here:
         | https://hackaday.com/2023/08/08/under-the-sea-optical-repeat...
         | (IIUC those are inside of the ship laying or repairing the
         | fiber,a nd they normally live on the ocean floor) and tons of
         | photos of the process of laying cable:
         | https://www.businessinsider.com/google-facebook-giant-unders...
         | 
         | However I think there are also fully passive repeaters-
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_amplifier
        
         | henrikeh wrote:
         | I don't know about this cable specifically, but it can be done
         | by transferring more power to the optical signal.
         | 
         | Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers work by utilizing a nonlinear
         | optical effect where energy is transferred from a pump laser to
         | the signal. This is in principle possible in any optical
         | (glass) fiber, but by doping with exotic elements, the
         | amplification characteristics can be optimized. Erbium is
         | suitable for the conventional communication wavelengths.
         | 
         | For reference I have a PhD in information theory and signal
         | processing for fiber channels.
        
           | pseudosavant wrote:
           | Comments like this are why I love HN!
        
           | kaliszad wrote:
           | This is still a good practical reference I like to point out,
           | when people ask: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mWqe8_5SUvk
           | Richard A. Steenbergen has also other good talks, e.g. on
           | traceroute. There are multiple versions of these talks that
           | include more or less the same stuff with occasionally more
           | information here and there.
        
       | next_xibalba wrote:
       | > The critically important cable that connects Svalbard to the
       | mainland is no thicker than a pinkie finger
       | 
       | This is amazing. I wonder how much data per unit of time this is
       | capable of transporting.
       | 
       | Wikipedia says "Each segment has a speed of 10 gigabits per
       | second (Gb/s), with a future potential capacity of 2,500 Gbit/s."
       | [1]
       | 
       | Wikipedia also notes that NASA helped fund this system.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard_Undersea_Cable_System
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | I think NASA helped fund it because they wanted more (And more
         | reliable) data to a groundstation on the island, not because
         | this subsea cable is anything special.
         | 
         | Fibre optic is great because you can usually add more bandwidth
         | by lighting up another wavelength. The amplifiers don't need to
         | be substituted if the wavelength is within its range.
        
           | _zoltan_ wrote:
           | I've wondered in the past: is there an actual theoretical
           | upper limit based on the physicality of it on the bandwidth
           | of a single fibre link?
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Shannon bound. But it's very large. I don't think we're
             | anywhere close with current DWDM emitter/detector
             | technology.
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | OS2 single mode fibre is pretty future proof. The
               | transceivers may change, but the underlying cable should
               | last a looong time and can be sliced and diced
               | considerably with WDM (16+ channels AFAIK).
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | Actually we know that a single mode fibre (there would
               | typically quite a lot of them in a cable) can carry
               | around 100 Tb/s in the C band (used by most systems due
               | to amplifier availability) over about 100km. Research
               | systems have reached that limit and commercial systems
               | are not very far off.
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | Locals liked to say they had the best internet connection in
         | the worlds, idk about that. NASA is a customer of the satellite
         | station there.
        
       | Scoundreller wrote:
       | Had a case in Canada where a fisherman ignored the maps and kept
       | picking up a fibre optic line with their fishing gear, and
       | eventually cut it with a saw (twice):
       | 
       | (I suspect it was a short-haul line, so carried no electricity
       | for amplifiers)
       | 
       | https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fct/doc/2011/2011fc494/2011fc49...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peracomo_Inc_v_TELUS_Communica...
       | 
       | > In 2005, however, he managed to pull up the Sunoque I. He did
       | not know what it was but managed to free his anchor
       | 
       | > The next year, he again hooked an anchor on the Sunoque I. This
       | time he was able to haul it out of the water and secure it on
       | deck. He made no effort to free it. He deliberately cut the cable
       | in two with an electric saw. A few days later the same thing
       | happened. This time it was much easier to haul the cable out, and
       | he cut it again.
       | 
       | > Some weeks later, after the fishing season, while on the dock
       | at Baie-Comeau he noticed a strange looking ship in the area
       | where he usually fished. Later, he saw a photo of the ship in the
       | local newspaper. The accompanying article stated that the cable
       | had been deliberately cut and a search was on for the culprit.
        
         | resolutebat wrote:
         | TL;DR of the court cases: the fisherman was guilty of damages
         | to the tune of $1.2M, _and_ his insurance cover was voided
         | because his act was so reckless.
         | 
         | Funnily enough, the cable owners (Telus) tried to thread the
         | needle of making the owner liable, but not so badly that
         | insurance wouldn't pay for it. The judge didn't buy this, and
         | obviously a sole operator crab boat can't pay over a million in
         | damages (although he did lose his boat), so in the end
         | everybody except the insurance company got screwed.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | Seems like the insurance would still pay but he loses his
           | boat to the insurance company at that point, assuming
           | carrying insurance was part of his fishing license.
        
       | swader999 wrote:
       | This has sea monster written all over it.
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | Let's assume that these incidents actually were accidents,
       | there's still a bigger question open: why is trawler fishing
       | still allowed? Imagine it's not a fiber cable that ends up being
       | crushed by a trawl door... but all the other marine life: Fish
       | can swim away (or not, being the point of getting fished), but
       | plants, corals, bugs?
       | 
       | Trawler fishing is devastating for the local ecology, we just
       | don't see the damage - to quote [1], page 16:
       | 
       | > Seabed habitats are under significant pressure across European
       | seas from the cumulative impacts of demersal fishing, coastal
       | developments and other activities. Preliminary results from a
       | study presented in SWD(2020) indicate that about 43% of Europe's
       | shelf/slope area and 79% of the coastal seabed is considered to
       | be physically disturbed, which is mainly caused by bottom
       | trawling. A quarter of the EU's coastal area has probably lost
       | its seabed habitats.
       | 
       | Honestly I'm pretty much in favor of banning trawler fishing and
       | the import of trawler-fished fish into the European Union, even
       | if it's just to protect our fiber links.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/720778d4-bb17...
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | I agree. The more you learn about trawling the less you'll
         | understand why it's still permitted in so many places.
         | 
         | Where I live it's cut back dramatically, but the bizarre thing
         | is that it's strictly permitted in territories where we know
         | rare deep sea glass sponge reefs exist, and once thrived. These
         | reefs are islands of immense diversity and biomass which fed
         | huge numbers of transient species moving through the deep. They
         | were also nurseries for a large number of fish species we
         | commonly fish for.
         | 
         | We work so hard to regulate our fisheries yet do so little to
         | properly protect the resources they extract from a holistic
         | perspective.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > We work so hard to regulate our fisheries yet do so little
           | to properly protect the resources they extract from a
           | holistic perspective.
           | 
           | Our fish industry is really well connected politically and
           | the large players exactly know how to play the fiddle, and
           | any attempt to hold the foreign ones accountable with
           | actually working and appropriate measures (it's highly likely
           | that it will take live ammunition or an intentional
           | collision, at least in legally "open" seas) would likely
           | result in WW3.
        
         | azalemeth wrote:
         | Fishing as carried out industrially is terrible for the
         | environment as a whole, and really often also exploits those
         | employed in it. The huge army of Asian fishing fleets that
         | skirt the law and the ethics of both sides of this are the
         | worst of the worst, however, and deep sea trawling is
         | particularly awful. Then again, farmed fish isn't exactly
         | ecologically brilliant either...
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-trawling_device
         | 
         | https://news.mongabay.com/2023/07/mud-muck-and-death-cambodi...
         | 
         | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8823369/Gree...
         | 
         | https://www.huckmag.com/article/paolo-fanciulli-the-italian-...
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | This reminds me of a story in "Blind Man's Bluff," summary:
       | 
       |  _[Capt James F. Bradley Jr.] was at his office in Naval
       | Intelligence one day at 3 a.m. when the St. Louis native began
       | reflecting on his boyhood life on the Mississippi River. As he
       | later told the authors, he recalled that the river beach was
       | dotted with signs warning, "Cable Crossing -- Do Not Anchor," so
       | a boater would not foul the cable._
       | 
       |  _At that point, he wondered if the Soviets did not have similar
       | signs along their Arctic coasts to prevent their critical cables,
       | including those used by the KGB and the Soviet Northern Fleet,
       | from being damaged._
       | 
       |  _As a result of these ponderings, in 1971 the American submarine
       | Halibut, with its periscope up, slowly and secretly traced the
       | Siberian coast looking for telltale warning signs. The cable
       | signs were found, and American divers put a tap at the bottom of
       | the Sea of Okhotsk on Soviet communications._
       | 
       | https://stationhypo.com/2021/09/05/remembering-captain-james...
        
         | fbdab103 wrote:
         | Is it possible to tap fiber-optic cables without the owner
         | getting wise? Even if you could tap modern cables, I assume
         | everything is now encrypted and carries so much bandwidth that
         | it becomes possible to sample the interesting intelligence.
        
           | dooglius wrote:
           | Normal fiber optic can be tapped surreptitiously[0]. There
           | are a number of companies that sell anti-intrusion tech, but
           | it's hard to say which side is winning with respect to what
           | governments can do.
           | 
           | [0] https://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/06149809-Optic
           | al_...
        
       | Kon-Peki wrote:
       | What, no mention that the Norwegian police use evidence markers
       | with inches printed on them? That company sells them with CM
       | markers.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Maybe a clue about the real origin of the photos.
        
           | tadfisher wrote:
           | That line of thinking ultimately leads to the conclusion that
           | trust is impossible. If you cannot trust the Norwegian police
           | to produce accurate information, then you must trust the
           | media. If you can't trust the media, then you have to trust
           | strangers on the Internet. If you can't trust strangers on
           | the Internet, you have to trust your friends and family. But
           | what if they're informed by the corrupt police, media, or
           | Internet commenters? Can you even trust yourself?
           | 
           | Apply this logic elsewhere, and you cannot trust social
           | institutions; for example, your local human services
           | department when they come to warn you about your domicile
           | being unfit for human habitation. Next, you can't trust the
           | medical profession after you've been involuntarily committed
           | to a mental institution after threatening the local
           | schoolchildren (although we all know you were only warning
           | them about the coming danger). You can't trust the state
           | medical authority to regulate the medication that is used to
           | treat paranoid schizophrenia. Now you're stuck in a padded
           | room, unable to move your arms to scratch that incessant itch
           | on your nose, pleading with your caretakers to just listen to
           | reason, open their eyes to the truth.
           | 
           | All you wanted to do was alert the world to the alarming fact
           | that the United States obviously staged evidence that someone
           | intentionally cut an undersea communications cable to
           | Svalbard, Norway on the 7th of January, 2022.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | You're not making a logical argument against the reasoning,
             | you're just saying that a logical argument, ignoring
             | probability at every level, leaves you helpless. _Trusting
             | things_ isn 't a solution, it's a cop-out.
             | 
             | Instead of a magic formula, you take things on a case-by-
             | case basis, examining sources and possible motives of those
             | sources, looking at past experience with them for hints.
             | This sounds like work because it is. It's very easy to just
             | accept what you're told, but it's not heroic or even
             | reasonable.
             | 
             | > All you wanted to do was alert the world to the alarming
             | fact that the United States obviously staged evidence that
             | someone intentionally cut an undersea communications cable
             | to Svalbard, Norway on the 7th of January, 2022.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, the United States government is like "that line
             | of thinking ultimately leads to the conclusion that trust
             | is impossible."
        
         | lobochrome wrote:
         | Odd indeed. I would assume the salvage company was American?
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | The bottom image has an evidence marker with cms on it as well.
         | 
         | Perhaps they intended for the information to be shared with US
         | intelligence.
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | Historically, there's been a lot of mischief with the cables.
       | 
       | https://asiatimes.com/2023/04/new-us-spy-sub-built-for-seabe...
        
       | debo_ wrote:
       | Whoever named the time-traveling, world-saving X-Man from the
       | future "Cable" was oddly prescient.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_(character)
        
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       (page generated 2024-05-26 23:00 UTC)