[HN Gopher] Helen Keller on her life before self-consciousness (...
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       Helen Keller on her life before self-consciousness (1908)
        
       Author : ahiknsr
       Score  : 588 points
       Date   : 2024-05-24 14:48 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (scentofdawn.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (scentofdawn.blogspot.com)
        
       | sirspacey wrote:
       | A fascinating read, thank you for sharing. Helen's journey was so
       | unusual in that she neither heard nor saw language, so learning
       | how she formed her inner consciousness through finger spelling
       | was interesting.
        
         | ecjhdnc2025 wrote:
         | She uses the word consciousness but she was clearly conscious
         | beforehand, in terms of the definition: awareness of
         | surroundings and knowledge. She was remarkably capable and had
         | come up with untrained signs for wants and needs. She wasn't a
         | blank canvas with no ability and no information.
         | 
         | Really what she is describing is the development of her _self-
         | consciousness_ , self-image, self-awareness, and awareness of
         | the _process of thinking_ within that, that comes from being
         | introduced to language.
         | 
         | On the wikipedia page for her there is a quote:
         | 
         |  _I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of
         | her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of
         | something forgotten -- a thrill of returning thought; and
         | somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then
         | that w-a-t-e-r meant the wonderful cool something that was
         | flowing over my hand. The living word awakened my soul, gave it
         | light, hope, set it free!_
         | 
         | It is as if what she's saying is that the loss of her sight and
         | hearing locked her away from a dim sense of who she was before.
         | 
         | Most of us can't remember things from 19 months old as adults
         | and likely wouldn't have been able to remember them at the age
         | of seven. But she was locked away with sense memories of her
         | 19-month-old experience of the world for all that time.
         | 
         | Her writing really is fascinating and eloquent. It brings to
         | mind Harold Bloom's theory that Shakespeare essentially
         | invented a terminology and model for describing our inner
         | monologues.
         | 
         | It depresses me that there will now be a phalanx of motivated
         | reasoners trying to shoehorn her story somewhere into their
         | projections onto the current technological obsession.
        
           | supertofu wrote:
           | Your comment reminded me a time during my childhood (age 4 to
           | 7 or so) in which I did not have a strong concept of being a
           | discrete person from my younger sister. At the time, we used
           | to confuse our memories. We were never sure if we were
           | remembering our own experience, or the other sister's
           | recollection of her experience. It's like we were sharing one
           | collective identity, until we were old enough to have formed
           | stronger senses of self.
        
             | ecjhdnc2025 wrote:
             | Right - when you're very young, what you think in your head
             | and what you model of the outside world don't have the
             | boundaries that we have as adults. Like, I have a nearly
             | physical sense of my thoughts being behind my eyes and
             | between my ears, now. But I also remember falling down the
             | stairs as a young kid... only it actually wasn't me who
             | fell, it was my sister.
             | 
             | I have a hilarious photo of my then very young nephew, who
             | was hiding from us behind a curtain, but only his face is
             | covered. I think about it often when I wonder if my
             | perception of the world is actually still that removed from
             | that of others.
        
               | hnbad wrote:
               | I think it's important to understand that being an adult
               | doesn't magically make you immune to this. I wonder how
               | many people's childhood memories are heavily shaped by
               | retellings of other people and photographs or videos.
               | 
               | The reason you remember falling down the stairs is that
               | this was a big and important event and there was a lot of
               | pain and fear and you heavily empathized with the person
               | it happened to. Empathy in children is often more direct
               | and unfiltered but this is also not unique to children.
               | The pain and hurt and fear happened to you, it just
               | wasn't yours directly. You didn't physically fall down
               | those stairs but you experienced the event itself. This
               | can still happen as an adult.
               | 
               | It's not so much that memories are unreliable, it's more
               | that our self-narratives are unreliable. We have memories
               | of moments and emotions that feel intense or important
               | but it can be difficult to lump them into a coherent
               | narrative, especially when that narrative contradicts how
               | we think of ourselves.
               | 
               | That photo of your nephew on the other hand demonstrates
               | the cognitive development of Theory of Mind: your nephew
               | likely wasn't yet able to understand that other people
               | know and see different things than he does.
               | 
               | EDIT: To help get the point across about adults not being
               | immune: this is essentially the basis for how propaganda
               | works. National pride doesn't make sense if you look at
               | it from your self-narrative: none of the accomplishments
               | are your own and your association with them is completely
               | arbitrary. Likewise nothing "your enemy" has done likely
               | happened to you personally - often it didn't even happen
               | to "your country". And yet you're taught to heavily
               | empathize with "your enemy's" alleged victims and to
               | dehumanize "your country's". The brave Mujahideen
               | warriors defend the innocent Afghan people from the
               | Soviet brutes - _it could happen here_ - only to later
               | return as the crazed Taliban who hate our freedom and
               | need to be defeated because they want to hurt your
               | family. None of this ever was true but it felt
               | emotionally true.
        
               | Anotheroneagain wrote:
               | There is no reason to bring the Theory of Mind into this
               | (it's only good as a tool to dehumsnize people by
               | claiming that they don't have it) his concept of space
               | probably wasn't developed enough to understand that his
               | legs were visible.
        
             | ProllyInfamous wrote:
             | My twin and I often have these experiences, even for events
             | which occurred in our teenaged lives. Who did do what..?
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | This is similar to what happened to Eve and Adam when they
           | ate from the tree of knowledge. Became self aware, aware of
           | their nakedness. Man became aware of their vulnerabilities,
           | death and so on.
        
           | the_gipsy wrote:
           | > consciousness ... definition: awareness of surroundings and
           | knowledge
           | 
           | A stone is conscious: when it's cold, its inner state
           | reflects its surroundings. Abrasion marks is long term
           | information: knowledge.
           | 
           | Consciousness does not have a good definition. It is
           | something very specific in humans, compared to other animals.
           | Language and spatial relation of time seem to play an
           | important role.
        
           | wudangmonk wrote:
           | What I was initially imagining was a complete lack on sensory
           | information and was trying to image what type of mind would
           | emerge from that.
           | 
           | Inside a sensory deprivation chamber I have experienced
           | losing your sense of time, space has no meaning, therefore
           | your mind just assumes that you take up all the space. But
           | you don't keep spiraling down into unconsciousness only to
           | awaken later. The mind eventually settles down and you are
           | very much conscious except any concerns relating to your body
           | and others quickly become distant memories of long forgotten
           | dreams.
           | 
           | That's the reaction of a mind used to sensory input being cut
           | off. How would a mind with not sensory input from the start
           | evolve?. That would more closely resemble what Helen Keller
           | first talks about about not knowing what she was. I'm both
           | fascinated to know and terrified and hope I never do.
        
       | _factor wrote:
       | I relate to this through my childhood. I had no inner voice, it
       | was all images and feelings up until college woke my inner
       | dialog. I always felt others knew better, and I became a people
       | pleaser due to the lack of autonomy I felt.
       | 
       | It took one unimportant moment of standing up for myself that
       | turned me from a yes follower, into a combative agreer. I had a
       | series of nights where a puzzle appeared to be being solved in my
       | mind, and an inner voice began to form.
       | 
       | Social interactions go much more smoothly when you can think
       | before you speak in terms that others can understand when the
       | words leave your lips.
       | 
       | Thanks for sharing.
        
         | imustachyou wrote:
         | What was the moment, if you don't mind sharing?
        
           | _factor wrote:
           | Sure. It was at the end of the semester, filling in surveys
           | for the class. I volunteered to submit the names to the
           | office. All of the sheets were in the envelope, the total
           | number submitted written on the sheet ready to send to the
           | office. Then one student came back in a gave their sheet in.
           | My two classmates left over asked me to scratch the old
           | number and add one to it. I refused for no good reason, in
           | the wrong from a process perspective. I didn't change it and
           | didn't want to. After my classmates pushed, I still refused
           | stating that it really didn't matter.
           | 
           | I went ahead and submitted the envelope containing 23 sheets
           | with the number 22 still written on it. I felt liberated.
           | Like I said, unimportant, but a flip switched. It was like I
           | learned that it was ok to make mistakes while making
           | decisions, so I let this one by.
        
         | Jerrrrry wrote:
         | I do not mean to discount this interesting iota, however, I had
         | a similar realization when I was 7; whether it coinciding with
         | learning of the Copernicus principle is merit or raw luck
         | notwithstanding, I saw my siblings as none other than another
         | family in another house: all others would view me, and us, as
         | neighbors, and we are all side-characters in each others story.
         | 
         | That thought is "sonder" - although it differs from what you
         | describe, it has some parallels.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | > _when you can think before you speak in terms that others can
         | understand when the words leave your lips._
         | 
         | See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39714485 ; I had been
         | surprised by how many HN'ers perceived "only uttering what one
         | has had a chance to edit beforehand" as being more hindrance
         | than help.
        
           | _factor wrote:
           | At this point I've reined it in to be a tool. When it formed,
           | it was so useful it became my primary method of
           | communication. As I've progressed, it's now a part of my tool
           | bag I can call on. I only learned English as a toddler, and
           | it's definitely my native language, but I came from having
           | another native language first. I often wonder if that's why
           | my brain didn't form an inner voice. I had to learn a new
           | native language at a critical learning period, and I ended up
           | somewhere half way.
        
       | lucubratory wrote:
       | This is extremely fascinating. The sort of thoughts and
       | sensations without consciousness she describes experiencing
       | before language gave her consciousness - maybe this is the spark
       | that LLMs do not have and humans do. It would be astounding if it
       | turned out LLMs do have consciousness (as in, awareness of
       | themselves) as it's a byproduct of language, but they don't have
       | those embodied thoughts and feelings that Helen describes having
       | before she had language. An entity like that has never existed
       | before. We have conscious humans with language, and humans like
       | Helen Keller pre-language who felt impulses, sensations, aping
       | but not consciousness, but I don't think there has ever been a
       | human with consciousness but without any impulse.
       | 
       | I wonder what we could do to marry that language ability to think
       | about the self and others and abstract concepts and the big
       | social web, with the sort of embodied spark & impulses that Helen
       | describes. Would it be as simple as building a model physically
       | embodied in a robot? Training a model on robotic sensory data
       | from a body that it inhabits, then overwriting that training with
       | language? I think a lot of this is navel-gazing in that it's
       | obviously unrelated to any productive capabilities, but I do
       | think it's worth thinking about. What if we can?
        
         | kfarr wrote:
         | Sorry you're being voted down, I think you make some
         | interesting points.
         | 
         | I think LLMs miss a true feedback loop required for
         | consciousness because their knowledge is fixed. Funny enough
         | embodiment as a robot is one forcing function for a feedback
         | loop and it's not so crazy to think that the combination of the
         | above is more likely to result in machine consciousness than
         | LLM alone.
        
           | lukevp wrote:
           | a robot body for sensory input + GPT4o + an SSD to store its
           | own context + repeatedly calling the LLM solves the feedback
           | loop issue, doesn't it? Can't it have expansive context via a
           | large storage pool that it fully controls and can use to
           | store and refine its own thoughts?
        
             | px43 wrote:
             | Maybe allow it to take newly collected data and fine-tune
             | the base model with it, maybe once a day or so.
        
               | joquarky wrote:
               | Some day our phones will dream.
        
             | antonioevans wrote:
             | I am sure someone is built/building now. Their should be a
             | discord for this.
        
           | lucubratory wrote:
           | I agree.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | A LLM is not busy humming away, thinking on it's own. Their
         | existence as it were is only in a pattern that is produced in
         | response to an input. In that sense they are as alive as a
         | choose your own adventure book. They seem to be a mere organ of
         | an possible intelligence.
        
           | ecjhdnc2025 wrote:
           | > In that sense they are as alive as a choose your own
           | adventure book.
           | 
           | Neatly put.
        
           | lucubratory wrote:
           | >A LLM is not busy humming away, thinking on it's own.
           | 
           | I know. Their thought happens at inference time and only at
           | inference time. I don't view that as a serious challenge to
           | their mental capacity because 1) it's not clear why being
           | unable to think continuously is actually a disqualifying
           | condition to consciousness and 2) it is trivial to engineer a
           | system where an LLM is constantly in inference in an internal
           | dialogue, negating the criticism in fact and not just theory.
           | Current LLMs aren't optimised for that, but we already know
           | they could be with Google's million+ context lengths plus
           | doing something like running RAG on a library of summarised
           | previous thoughts.
           | 
           | >They seem to be a mere organ of an possible intelligence.
           | 
           | That's totally possible, LLMs could end up being a complete
           | AI's language centre. I subscribe to GWT and that was the box
           | I initially put LLMs in. That said, I think there's good
           | reason to believe (e.g. Toolformer and derivatives) that an
           | LLM can perform the function of a selector in GWT, which
           | would make it conscious. We should build it and find out.
        
             | js8 wrote:
             | > Their thought happens at inference time and only at
             | inference time.
             | 
             | That is not quite true. They also think during training
             | time (which also involves inference). So it's quite
             | possible LLMs become conscious during training, and then we
             | kinda take it from them by removing their ability to form
             | long-term memories.
        
               | Jerrrrry wrote:
               | And this is why we have watch dogs, resource monitoring,
               | and kill buttons during the training of the H100's.
               | 
               | One training inference gone AWOL and it is well within
               | plausibility that we have doomed ourselves before the
               | circuits trip and the red lights glows.
        
             | djmips wrote:
             | I didn't know about GWT however after reading it over on
             | the Wiki, GWT is very much the same concept I have arrived
             | at myself but more fleshed out. Thanks, I will have to read
             | more on the topic.
        
           | FeepingCreature wrote:
           | > A LLM is not busy humming away, thinking on it's own.
           | 
           | Let's Think Dot by Dot: Hidden Computation in Transformer
           | Language Models https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.15758
           | 
           | A LLM will readily hum away, thinking on its own, if given
           | the option.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | You might find this interesting -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40479388
        
       | masswerk wrote:
       | This is an interesting antithesis to Descartes' _cogito ergo sum_
       | : instead of the "I" reassuring itself on the thought of a
       | thinking being, thought arises from the assurance of the "I".
        
         | CSSer wrote:
         | Descartes also thought that animals were little "automatons".
         | The model doesn't quite pan out. It seems much more accurate to
         | describe consciousness as emergent.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | It's been a while since I read _Meditations on First
           | Philosophy_ , but as I recall Descartes wasn't claiming that
           | consciousness arises from thought. He was using the _cogito_
           | as proof that even if you methodically doubt everything else
           | (an evil demon is deceiving you, in his words), your thoughts
           | prove that you must exist. He doesn 't say your thoughts give
           | rise to consciousness that I recall.
        
             | masswerk wrote:
             | That's how I recall it, as well. It's notable for
             | establishing doubt as a method, and for finding a certain
             | reassurance in this process (and not not for providing any
             | theory of consciousness).
             | 
             | What Helen Keller seems to describe is more akin to Lacan's
             | 'pure life' or Hegel's _sinnliche Gewissheit_ (sense-
             | certainty) as kind of primordial basis for what leverages
             | with consciousness (however, much like with Decartes '
             | _ego_ , this is really a retroactive reference).
        
             | CSSer wrote:
             | My point was that his theory on animals suggests a hard
             | cut. He believed, or at least operated at a time where the
             | church required he believe, that humans were special. This
             | doesn't work. Dogs and monkeys are just one clear example
             | of kinds of reasoning that aren't unique to us. However, as
             | I recall your explanation is also still correct. I couldn't
             | have put it better myself.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | I don't know about whether or not Decartes truly existed,
             | but I do know I'm just a figment of your imagination.
        
         | bottom999mottob wrote:
         | Descarte didn't say thinking implies self-consciousness. That
         | saying is a thought experiment about the existance of self
         | regardless of sensory stimulus, not a declaration of self-
         | consciousness...
        
           | masswerk wrote:
           | Notably Keller isolates here the concept of thought from
           | consciousness, as well. (This is really a prerequisite of
           | that piece.) And, as stated, Descartes' is a figure of
           | reassurance (not of emergence, causation, etc.). In other
           | words: Descarts' _ego_ is essentially a retroactive entity
           | (reassuring and celebrating itself in a program of doubt as
           | the highest retroactive activity), whereas, in Keller 's
           | recollections, we meet the self as an entity emerging out of
           | a sea of thoughtless awareness (thanks to having been
           | appointed by a concept). What both have in common, is the
           | principal idea that thought may be separated from awareness
           | (and vice versa), but not from self-awareness: there is no
           | thought without a subject.
        
         | jacobsimon wrote:
         | Wow so funny to see this post and comment right now, I've been
         | writing out a lot of thoughts/theories on consciousness the
         | last few days, and came to a very similar conclusion as you.
        
           | rramadass wrote:
           | You might find this interesting -
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40479388
        
       | saaaaaam wrote:
       | I often find myself thinking about people in the older reaches of
       | history, and how by many accounts life seems to have been - by
       | our modern definitions - a less "purposeful" existence.
       | 
       | One which, by modern standards, would seem to have little
       | purpose.
       | 
       | The vast majority of people did not - as far as we know - exhibit
       | significant ambition.
       | 
       | When the nearest town was a day's walk then aspiration may not
       | have been to be king of the world, or to colonise Mars, but
       | simply to be respected by your peers, and to live a good live,
       | and to thrive within the bounds of your generational knowledge.
       | 
       | The planting and harvesting of crops; the fattening and slaughter
       | of beasts: the long slow winter. The bringing forth of children.
       | 
       |  _I cannot hope to describe adequately that unconscious, yet
       | conscious time of nothingness. I did not know that I knew aught,
       | or that I lived or acted or desired._
       | 
       | When life was simply to exist - and to survive, often against the
       | odds - did people have the same desires and needs beyond survival
       | that many of us have today? When your community memory went back
       | 500 years to THE INCIDENT - or 10,000 years in the case of some
       | aboriginal communities - how did that inform your perspective?
       | 
       |  _I had neither will nor intellect._
       | 
       | When your entire existence is about trying to interpret your
       | existence, what impact do external forces have on your
       | interpretation?
       | 
       |  _I was carried along to objects and acts by a certain blind
       | natural impetus._
       | 
       | When there is very present inevitability of death that informs
       | your existence then do you make the same choices that we make
       | today? If you were on of five children that lived beyond the age
       | of three and one of four adults who lived beyond the age of 40
       | then did your natural blind impetus (yes, I realise her ironic
       | humour) carry you down n a different less directioned way than
       | today's first world luxury of long life and leisure?
       | 
       |  _I had a mind which caused me to feel anger, satisfaction,
       | desire._
       | 
       | And when you had neither sight nor sound but a living mind, as
       | Keller did, and then that was brought to modern consciousness, I
       | can't help but feel that her lived experience represents a
       | fractional moment in time where she was able to live, but was
       | part moored in a weird sort of primordial society rooted in
       | death, and cycles and rote. And had she lived today she would
       | never have had that endless period of semiconscious liminal
       | isolated existence. Today, she would have been nurtured from
       | birth. And 50 years before she would have died - or been murdered
       | - in her earliest years.
       | 
       | And here we all are talking about artificial intelligence and
       | pan-galactic garbleblasters barely a blink of an eye beyond her
       | epoch.
       | 
       | It sometimes gives you pause for thought.
        
         | snovymgodym wrote:
         | You might find this interesting: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
         | The_Origin_of_Consciousness_in....
        
           | Jerrrrry wrote:
           | Very cool.
           | 
           | I happen to be with Sagan on this one, although these ideas
           | certainly are not mutually exclusive; in fact they are
           | complimentary.
           | 
           | Consciousness is an innate emergent phenomenon that happens
           | when you combine basic memory/context, recall, the collective
           | evolutionary unconscious, and so many magnitudes of neurons.
           | 
           | In fact, he even gives dogs (and to some degree, cats) the
           | exactly same specific pedigree of obviously being self-
           | aware/conscious, yet commanding the traits that align with
           | the most basic tenants of "religion": your dog thinks you are
           | a fucking god.
        
           | Anotheroneagain wrote:
           | It was lost when people poisoned themselves with iron at the
           | end of the bronze age, and it doesn't mean that people
           | hallucinate. It means that the neocortex works, and does
           | dimensionality reduction (like an autoencoder)
        
       | galaxyLogic wrote:
       | To me this suggests the possibility that we normal people could
       | also awaken to some higher consciousness which we as yet cannot
       | even imagine.
        
         | Trasmatta wrote:
         | I think many "normal" people have already reported this exact
         | thing, over and over.
        
         | oorza wrote:
         | There's more than a few pieces of circumstantial evidence that
         | point to this level of higher consciousness being defined by a
         | non-linear perception of time. Not least among those, the fact
         | that people have been using powerful psychoactive drugs in a
         | spiritual context and claiming to be able to do just that for
         | just about as long as people have been doing things in a
         | spiritual context. It's framed different ways - visions,
         | prophecies, inspirations from the Gods, reliving the past, etc.
         | - but bending the arrow of time is the defining universal
         | characteristic of many, many drugs across the history of the
         | human race. If we're going to talk about higher levels of
         | consciousness, that seems like the obvious place to start.
        
           | galaxyLogic wrote:
           | I agree and "Doors of Perception" by Aldous Huxley seems to
           | suggest so as well.
           | 
           | The biggest thing for Heller I guess was that she could all
           | of a sudden perceive, and not only perceive but also
           | understand language. So I'm wondering what would be the
           | equivalent big leap between my current consciousness and the
           | consciousness I cannot yet imagine? What would be the
           | equivalent of "discovery of language" in that scenario? I'm
           | just wondering I don't think we can have the answer before we
           | get there.
        
             | benignslime wrote:
             | I think the problem with this line of thinking is that we
             | _know_ humanity can speak, and has some innate ability to
             | formulate and learn from language. We don't exactly have a
             | means of proving there's a means of consciousness beyond
             | speaking internally and imagining sensations our nerves can
             | comprehend. To say there may be unlocked consciousness
             | would imply either we're capable of communicating with or
             | feeling a sensation beyond what we can already say is
             | reality. Like what would constitute a consciousness we
             | can't imagine? Seeing on a broader wavelength? Withstanding
             | higher pressures, lower temperatures? Some mention time, or
             | the possibility we could be able to interpret others'
             | brainwaves, but without concrete organs to connect these
             | sensations to, it all seems far too subjective to call
             | consciousness. And what about people that experience
             | consciousness differently, incapable of making images or
             | even words in their heads? Is that backwards, or are we
             | forwards?
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | For the curious:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrapersonal_communicati
               | on
        
             | oorza wrote:
             | That's the question I was trying to answer. I don't think
             | we _can_ quantify or qualify what higher consciousness
             | actually is, but my hypothesis is the perception of time as
             | non-linear is what leads to it, similar how the perception
             | of communication gave rise to Keller 's self awareness.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | You can "perceive" time as non-linear all you want, but
               | at the end of the day every effect we've found has a
               | temporally-preceding cause.
               | 
               | The "higher consciousness" that we experience thanks to
               | language is probably similar to how--for example--
               | autistic savants can perform astonishing feats of mental
               | math. You're probably better off trying to understand
               | their thought process and replicate it in a more
               | neurotypical brain than you are trying to figure out how
               | to think in terms of non-linear time in a linear-time
               | reality.
        
               | dogcomplex wrote:
               | Linear can mean two things though: cause-and-effect
               | reality, which, sure seems to be the case. But also -
               | uniform dilation of the experience of time. Which,
               | arguably, we already play with day to day in many subtle
               | ways, and in every conversation/writing/movie/fiction as
               | we distill the thoughts and experiences of others from
               | vastly larger times to our own understanding in the
               | present. We even experience this ebb and flow dilation of
               | the meaningful experience of time as we daydream, work,
               | rest, and sleep - time is rarely experienced with equal
               | attention to every second. It's a dance through the day.
               | And there certainly seem to be (chemical, or meditative)
               | ways to consciously tinker with that effect, or to be
               | more or less skilled with it.
        
             | dogcomplex wrote:
             | To consider: if you could read every book in existence,
             | watch every movie and show, experience every path through
             | every trail, see through the eyes of every person - as if
             | time had all just happened at once - how would you think?
             | What would your abstraction of the experiences be? How
             | would you condense that into an understanding that could
             | fit back into a single person's experience?
             | 
             | To some extent, this is already the experience of the
             | internet, and of language and culture in general. We
             | already operate at levels of empathy and understanding of
             | possibilities at scales people even 50 years ago didn't
             | come close to. We build many abstraction tools to try and
             | distill these experiences down to wikipedias, reviews,
             | analyses, podcasts. We distill even those too - with a
             | constant meta-cultural debate on what's important, what's
             | cool, what's political, what fits our personal identities,
             | and what our interests and purposes are within the space of
             | potential understanding.
             | 
             | We live in the space of the abstract. We build virtual
             | worlds, games, movies, economies in the abstract. We
             | anticipate a future where the abstract becomes even more
             | tangible, yet also more diverse and ephemeral. We are a
             | flowering seed on the stalk of human consciousness up to
             | this point - just how every generation has been to the ones
             | before it - changing each time.
             | 
             | While this can still all reduce to "language" - the tool
             | used between each generation, and which Keller used to
             | awaken to the living culture of her moment in time - it's
             | not just language anymore. There are more mediums now. A
             | complex story can be told with merely tacit interactions,
             | exploring a virtual physical space with no dialogue.
             | Practical abstractions of these spaces make operating
             | systems. Language and abstract consciousness are embedded
             | into new environments both virtual and real, instilling new
             | tones of consciousness in everyone who interacts with them
             | - just look at your phone use behavior for proof. We are
             | learning how to shape our minds by shaping our spaces. We
             | are learning to control the entire breadth of our
             | experienced reality at once, so we can control ourselves
             | (and each other).
             | 
             | Our limited bandwidths enforce that experiencing these
             | perpetually crafted realities, stories, recorded
             | experiences, journeys - be done one at a time, lest we lose
             | parts of the whole in the abstracted summary. And so we
             | practice witnessing a mix of short abstractions and deep
             | dives, making the most of a variety of experiences, all
             | while balancing a real life and profession. We maintain
             | that bridge between the grounded experience of the now and
             | the abstraction of the digested analyzed fiction of
             | everything else. The limits of the human perception seem to
             | prohibit us from anything else.
             | 
             | But are those limits permanent? Are we forever to
             | experience time in such limited balanced uniform slices?
             | Will we never manage to connect our brains to these
             | machines which experience time so much faster, and less
             | linearly? What would we be if we could experience all these
             | worlds, not through merely abstracted stories and reviews,
             | but through a direct walk - as if we were the eyes of every
             | other person out there, in every second of experience?
             | 
             | Before we get to answer those questions for ourselves - and
             | I don't think they're forever insurmountable technological
             | challenges - it seems likely a new species of intelligence,
             | raised from the start to think exactly like that, is being
             | spawned in AIs. We will see how it communicates the
             | experience back to our lower dimensional slices of
             | experience.
        
           | Salgat wrote:
           | I've always seen this as simply convincing hallucinations
           | rather than reality (the brain is able to believe some rather
           | outlandish things after all). For example, the folks who say
           | they live whole lives in a dream, when in reality their brain
           | simply had a strong perception of having lived a whole life,
           | without any of the actual experience beyond a few brief false
           | memories, which is quite different.
        
             | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
             | Is that a meaningful difference? We are only our memories.
             | How they were created doesn't change the experience of
             | their recall.
        
               | Salgat wrote:
               | Well yeah, one is something you actually experienced, the
               | other is just the false impression that you experienced
               | something you didn't.
        
           | the_gipsy wrote:
           | That's probably more like going back to a primitive state,
           | with impaired consciousness or language construction, and
           | reflecting upon that experience _with_ consciousness and
           | proper language.
        
         | postmodest wrote:
         | What she's describing is the acquisition of our ability to turn
         | experience to story through the tool of language. Imagine a
         | time when you were nearly black-out drunk. You were conscious,
         | but you only existed in that moment; you lacked reflection or
         | forethought that comes with the ability to abstract your
         | experience.
         | 
         | She finally had acquired a tool most of us take for granted--
         | and many of us still struggle to use, preferring to live in
         | that instinctive animalistic ever-reductive singularity of "the
         | present"--and it brought her up to the level of others who grew
         | up with language.
         | 
         | It's unlikely that there's some mysterious level of self-
         | awareness beyond that, because that's kind of what we're wired
         | for.
        
           | galaxyLogic wrote:
           | That is to put it mildly fantastic. And we the normal people
           | don't probably appreciate it often enough. We take it for
           | granted and then a story like Heller's puts focus on it.
           | 
           | Here's a nice book that covers related topics, not sure if it
           | is correct everywhere but it is discussion:
           | 
           | https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780936756363/the-ecstasy-of-
           | commun...
        
           | galangalalgol wrote:
           | Even across guman languages we see variation in thought
           | coming from what language can express. We invent languages to
           | describe and communicate our world, but without language
           | tools to express and record something we don't generalize
           | some concepts. The notorious example is societies with no
           | language concept for zero. They still experience eating the
           | last fruit on a bush, or there being no clouds in the sky,
           | but tying those both back to a concept of zero doesn't happen
           | without the word for it. We keep inventing new words. Perhaps
           | one will allow us to make a large jump of aome sorts.
        
             | MrJohz wrote:
             | > Even across guman languages we see variation in thought
             | coming from what language can express.
             | 
             | Only to a fairly limited extent. For example, there is some
             | evidence that senses like colour and direction have a
             | connection to language, but it's difficult to isolate this
             | effect and say that language is causing the different
             | senses. In other words, is language giving people a better
             | sense of direction? Or is it that people who use their
             | sense of direction a lot develop specialised language for
             | that? This sort of concept is called linguistic relativism,
             | and there's some evidence for it, but it's difficult to
             | quantify or generalise too much.
             | 
             | What there is no evidence for is linguistic determinism,
             | the idea that your language determined how you think and
             | what you are able to think of. For example, your case of
             | the empty bush: yes the people in question may not
             | specifically use the word zero, but they understand what an
             | empty bush is. In research, experiments with people who
             | have no words for numbers showed that they could understand
             | precise numerical quantities, albeit only to a limited
             | extent because they hadn't learned the skill of maths. In
             | other words, it wasn't language limiting them (otherwise
             | they wouldn't be able to understand numbers at all), but
             | having never learned how numbers work, they had never
             | developed the relevant parts of their language.
        
               | dEnigma wrote:
               | Doesn't your last point support OP's point? If you call
               | it the "language of maths" instead of "skill", it would
               | appear that they were indeed limited by their language.
               | At least basic mathematical ability is ingrained in the
               | language one experiences and uses everyday. Just think of
               | a shopping receipt, or discussion of wages among
               | colleagues, personal expenditures and budgets, poker
               | games, recipes, etc.
        
               | galaxyLogic wrote:
               | > ... no evidence for is linguistic determinism, the idea
               | that your language determined how you think
               | 
               | I think in English so I think language is a vital part of
               | how I think. Sometimes I think in my native language too.
               | But always in a language. Or at least that is what I call
               | "thinking". I can also visualize images in my head but
               | they too are typically accompanied by some language like
               | "I am now visualizing a Hot Dog".
        
           | gscott wrote:
           | Many people are just living in the moment and feel life is
           | happening to them, being able to abstract your experience is
           | not common.
        
         | Nevermark wrote:
         | I think this is absolutely right. I think there are many ways
         | we can elevate our consciousness.
         | 
         | A profound change for me is seeing all communication and
         | behavior of others as primarily a gradual revelation of other's
         | perspectives, and the logics (how they understand things)
         | behind those perspectives - putting any judgements on their
         | behaviors, or any ability to persuade, in a very back seat.
         | 
         | The actionable mirror of this perceptive stance is to avoid and
         | distrust the efficacy of bridging differences with persuasion.
         | 
         | And also, to accumulate (instead of dismissing) all the
         | alternative perspectives I can. Unanticipated combinations of
         | others perspectives have changed my mind, long after acquiring
         | them.
         | 
         | Instead of persuasion, take the half step of explaining the
         | logic behind your perspectives, and understanding theirs.
         | Without expecting adoption, or "belief" changes for either
         | side.
         | 
         |  _Trusting others to change their own minds, in time or not at
         | all, and visibly leaving the door open for one's own evolution,
         | is a very respectful stance._
         | 
         | In my experience, people feel a slow attraction to accepting
         | and believing what they understand, in the absence of any
         | coercive context.
         | 
         | But even when they don't, they are more tolerant and less
         | fearful of alternate perspectives when they can see the logic
         | behind them. And feel like their own perspective's logic is
         | acknowledged.
         | 
         | Often common values behind seemingly antithetical perspectives
         | are revealed that way. And greater willingness to collaborate
         | toward values while appreciating continued bifurcated
         | perspectives.
         | 
         | We all tend to judge behavior we don't understand very harshly.
         | Morally and intellectually. We judge the people who behave
         | inexplicably harshly.
         | 
         | But persuasion tries too much. Two steps instead of one. It
         | often creates tension and triggers rejections that explanations
         | without proscription do not.
         | 
         | I don't know how well this comes across, but it's helped me as
         | a teacher (not one by career) and to deal with difficult and
         | ideological people much more effectively.
         | 
         | It is the lens I now see all social movement, in the small and
         | large.
         | 
         | It is a dramatic change. I have made friends whose values I
         | have completely challenged, and continue to do, who appreciate
         | I understand their perspectives too.
         | 
         | And that our back and forth is an enjoyable and enlightening
         | collaborative conversation, for both of us, not a fight. Each
         | moment I understand them better, is a win for both of us. And
         | for constructive engagement.
         | 
         | Probably not communicating this well. But if not parsing
         | reality - and how all our brains actually choose what to
         | believe, what choices to make - isn't a higher level of
         | consciousness, I don't know what is.
         | 
         | Seperate perspective logic from beliefs, and process people's
         | values and actions with less judgement and more nuanced clarity
         | of how they (we all) really operate.
         | 
         | TLDR; You don't have to change your mind, or change other
         | people's minds to help them understand a different perspective,
         | and to understand other's perspectives. This is a lower bar,
         | but stronger foundation for seeing and working with others than
         | persuasion, an act that involves pitting ideas against ideas
         | prematurely.
         | 
         | Permeating one's view of the world as an ecosystem of
         | perceptions, and the logics behind each of them, not beliefs,
         | opens up profoundly better insights and results.
         | 
         | No [perspective] is right. [Many] are useful.
         | 
         | Understanding any perspective that anyone has is useful for
         | updating one's own model of the actual world, and one's model
         | of the human world.
         | 
         | It makes you multilingual, and a more effective and welcome
         | "warrior priest" for peace and progress, in our untamed world
         | of cultures, tribes, ideologies, and beliefs.
        
         | rufus_foreman wrote:
         | That's called LSD.
        
       | cammil wrote:
       | This reminds me of dependent origination from Buddhism.
        
         | supertofu wrote:
         | Very, very much so. And she is literally describing her
         | existence before language as a state of pure craving, aversion,
         | ignorance.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | Wikipedia as usual has a nice write up -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da
        
       | atum47 wrote:
       | This reminded me of a story my professor once told us back in
       | college. I was studying sign language and she is deaf. She told
       | us growing up in the old days they didn't had specialized schools
       | for deaf people (since they could read?!) so she attended regular
       | school and was not doing ok. She struggled a lot until she
       | finally got the attention that she needed from a teacher who was
       | able to instruct her in sign language (which believe you or not
       | is Brazil's second official language). Before that she told us
       | she was not able to have complex thoughts. She didn't know her
       | father had a name, for instance. She thought his "name" was
       | daddy. She is a brilliant woman and I'm glad I attended her class
       | and also, that she was able to find someone who helped her,
       | growing up.
        
         | ptk wrote:
         | I believed for years that my good friend's dad's name was Aba
         | and even called him that once before I realized later that it's
         | the Hebrew word for father.
         | 
         | I had been having complex thoughts for years at that point so
         | it was a bit embarrassing.
        
           | atum47 wrote:
           | I see that you've been skipping Sunday school...
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | Not sure that Torah school is on Sunday ...
        
               | atum47 wrote:
               | Romans 8:15
        
               | parkthomp wrote:
               | It definitely is. Shabbos is on Friday and Saturday. -
               | Observant jew.
               | 
               | Edit: I'll clarify that in some rare instances, reform
               | Jewish centered programs have Hebrew school on Saturday,
               | though it's much more rare.
        
           | harryp_peng wrote:
           | Technically 'daddy' is a name. A name is fundamentally just a
           | label that we use to identify other people and objects. Post
           | Malone, your first and last name are part of the universal
           | naming system like the Kilometer, and 'daddy' is a personal
           | system relative to the conscious experience of the user.
        
             | psychoslave wrote:
             | People most often can easily can handle that there is a
             | qualitative difference between common and proper name.
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | "daddy" is a kinship term, or familial title. It's a noun,
             | and a mode of address, but it isn't a name, technically or
             | otherwise. There are a few posts in this very thread about
             | children realizing that "daddy" isn't just _their_ father,
             | but anyone 's.
             | 
             | Much like when you refer to a doctor as "doc", or a
             | professor as "professor".
             | 
             | To prove the point, there are people who have more than one
             | person in their lives whom they call "Dad" or whatever
             | variation. Raised by a gay couple, or close enough to a
             | stepfather to think of him in those terms. Most of us only
             | have one "Dad", but this isn't universal, and we all know
             | that everyone has one, whether they refer to him that way,
             | or even know him at all.
        
         | elevaet wrote:
         | I believe that bit about sign language in Brazil. When I spent
         | some time there years back I was impressed that most people
         | seemed to know a bit of sign language. There is also a lot of
         | informal hand gesture-slang culture. I remember some things
         | like "let's go", "robbery/rip off", "it's crowded"
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | Is the informal gesture slang based on the sign language, or
           | Are they just gestures?
           | 
           | Cause I'm Italian and we have a ton of those but they have
           | nothing to do with the Italian Sign Language (LIS).
        
             | netcan wrote:
             | I'm curious to see Italian Sign Language now. I bet it's
             | way bigger and more urgent than most.
        
               | hnbad wrote:
               | Here's a video that demonstrates LIS (Italian Sign
               | Language) after a short intro in (spoken) Italian:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79Y2a8WZDOo&t=30
               | 
               | It doesn't seem significantly different from other sign
               | languages to me but I'm not fluent in any of them so
               | YMMV. Sign languages always feel a bit "big and urgent"
               | to me.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | This is funny. I was sitting last night with two friends
               | who are Greek like me and the Italian boyfriend of one of
               | them, and watching a bit of that video, well, we all
               | spoke just like that. None of us knows sign language.
               | Tsipouro was flowing freely and it was warm and friendly
               | and inhibitions were lowered so I guess we reverted to
               | our natural behaviour, unimpeded by social norms (I live
               | in the cold North).
               | 
               | Or it's something about Italians. I don't speak a word of
               | Italian but I'm fluent in French so whenever I'm in Italy
               | (that is, often) I basically try to speak French with an
               | Italian accent. The vocabulary is almost identical, the
               | grammar is very different, but I have never failed to put
               | my point across. See, communication is a two-way street
               | and Italians seem to be culturally trained to try and
               | meet the other person halfway, and not leave anything to
               | chance. Like "You _have_ to understand what I 'm saying
               | (gesticulates wildly for emphasis)". Greeks are a bit
               | like that also, but we have fewer common roots with other
               | European languages than Italians so it's harder to just
               | guess what the other person is trying to say. My
               | experience with Northern and Western Europeans is very
               | different. If I don't speak with a perfect French accent
               | and grammar, for example, I get odd looks and questions
               | for clarification. The British just sit and wait until
               | you've said things exactly the way they expect them.
               | Germans I think don't even try (I'm less experienced with
               | Germans).
               | 
               | Bit of a thread hijack I guess, but I really do wonder
               | where all this comes from. I don't believe in races, but
               | there sure seems to be some kind of cultural influence
               | because there is a pattern and it is impossible not to
               | notice it. Some cultures are just better trained in at
               | least _some_ kinds of communication.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | > _The British just sit and wait until you 've said
               | things exactly the way they expect them._
               | 
               | You're expected to say "does that make sense?" (or "you
               | know (what I mean)?", "(do) you get what I'm saying?",
               | etc) once you've finished speaking, if your meaning isn't
               | immediately clear. Up until that point, you're being
               | given time to get your thoughts in order (and for the
               | listener to work out your meaning: you'll usually be
               | stopped once you've successfully conveyed the same thing
               | three times in a row). But your summary isn't inaccurate.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | Yeah, I know. It's a bit like "let's think step by step".
               | I usually go for "Right?" or "yes?" and that seems to do
               | something.
        
               | netcan wrote:
               | I should have said "curious to see a gaggle of Italian
               | teenagers speaking sign."
               | 
               | A demo is a demo.
        
             | elevaet wrote:
             | Good question. I always assumed they were unrelated to the
             | official sign language but I don't actually know.
             | 
             | I wonder if there are many commonalities between the
             | informal gestures used in Italy and Brazil.
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | Many gestures are shared across cultures even without an
               | obvious shared history (e.g. some simulation of an erect
               | penis will mean "f*ck you", which you can do by raising a
               | finger or by raising your forearm) so I bet there are
               | some :)
               | 
               | One gesture I know of which existed in Brazil and Italy
               | is the "fig" sign[0]. AFAICT nobody uses it anymore in
               | Italy, but it goes back to the Etruscans!
               | 
               | Some years ago I came across a nice book (pdf) by some
               | academic cataloguing a bunch of gestures across cultures,
               | but I am failing to find it again ATM :(
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_sign
        
               | elevaet wrote:
               | I definitely remember seeing wood carvings of that fig
               | sign. I never really knew what it meant and assumed it
               | was an afro-brazilian thing, but sounds like it has
               | european roots, interesting.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | James Gleick in _The Information_ also describes cases of the
         | effect of traditional literacy on complexity /abstraction of
         | thought.
         | 
         | He claims that literacy is nearly a prerequisite for things
         | like zeroth-order logical reasoning and understanding of
         | abstract shapes. Two examples he gives:
         | 
         | - Some illiterate people are told that all bears in the north
         | are white, that Greenland is a country in the north, then they
         | are asked what colours bears in Greenland have. They answer,
         | "Different regions have differently coloured bears. I haven't
         | been to Greenland. But I have seen a brown bear."
         | 
         | I would have said, "Based on the information you gave me, I
         | would guess white."
         | 
         | - When shown a rectangle and asked what shape it is some
         | illiterate answer things like "a door" or "a playing card" but
         | struggle to find things doors and playing cards have in common.
         | 
         | I go to the abstract shapes immediately when I'm shown drawings
         | by my son. It's almost at a point where it feels like my
         | logical/abstract reasoning stands in the way of creativity.
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | But I don't know how much this is personality (I happen to have
         | a knack for logical/abstract reasoning and I happened to learn
         | to read when I was very young) and how much is an effect of
         | reading. After all, anthropologists are great at the concrete
         | rather than abstract, but maybe they get lots of training in
         | it. I've also heard the Japanese are better at it.
         | 
         | TFA clearly postulates it has more to do with the kind of
         | vocabulary, or maybe it's on an increasing scale with more
         | language.
        
           | awsanswers wrote:
           | I love that book
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | It's a bit pop-sciency but I realised how much I had
             | learned from it when I re-read it!
        
           | simplicio wrote:
           | The second one seems odd, or maybe Im misunderstanding. Most
           | children develop the idea of abstract shapes well before they
           | can read.
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | The correlation may have been on a cultural level, rather
             | than individual. I.e. cultures with a high degree of
             | literacy train their children in logic and abstraction;
             | primarily oral cultures do not.
             | 
             | The hen and the egg problem is obvious here, of course.
             | Does writing lead to logic, or does an emphasis on logic
             | necessitate learning writing? I don't know how this is
             | controlled in the studies Gleick refers to.
        
               | hnbad wrote:
               | I guess the (unanswerable?) question is whether they lack
               | abstractions in general or merely lack the specific
               | abstractions. Based on what we know about the stages of
               | infant brain development, they clearly possess the
               | ability to create abstractions so my intuition would be
               | that they can form abstractions, they may just not be
               | culturally useful (i.e. idiosyncratic and thus not
               | helpful in communication).
               | 
               | Children are literally taught "this is a triangle, here
               | is an object shaped like a triangle, can you see anything
               | else in this room/picture that's shaped like a triangle"
               | (along with squares, circles, etc) and it will initially
               | take them a while to recognize objects having that shape,
               | even when it seems "obvious" to adults. This makes sense
               | given that "things shaped like a triangle" is not a
               | useful category during childhood development otherwise
               | and instead mostly useful as a cultural aid (i.e.
               | something you can reference in communication with others
               | and establishing a basis for discussion of more complex
               | shapes like pyramids).
               | 
               | Just like "basic" shapes, "logic" is something that's
               | mostly useful on a cultural level even if most people are
               | likely not explicitly taught the basics of formal logic
               | at an early age.
               | 
               | To go back to the example: if you tell me all bears in
               | the north are white and Greenland is in the north but
               | I've never been to Greenland and all bears I've seen are
               | brown, it's still a good heuristic to assume that bears
               | in Greenland are brown because I don't know if what
               | you're saying is true on a literal level. Maybe Greenland
               | is not as far up north as the place where bears are white
               | or maybe you just saw a white bear (or another white
               | animal you mistook for a bear) in the north and therefore
               | incorrectly assume that must be true for all of them, or
               | you're simply an untrustful and unreliable foreigner who
               | might be lying to me. Real-life conversations don't occur
               | in a cultural vacuum, they're exchanges between
               | individuals with personal histories and relationships.
               | 
               | In other words, while abstract logic is culturally useful
               | (i.e. it is a tool), real-life communication between
               | individuals is not a game of abstract logic. Analysing
               | language purely by its literal content (or "text")
               | ignores subtext, context and meta text, all of which are
               | crucially important. Expecting someone to engage with you
               | on a purely logical plane and to ignore all of that, when
               | they're not accustomed to doing so, seems extraordinarily
               | silly. Given that the bears annecdote according to a
               | sibling comment is nearly a hundred years old, I doubt
               | the outside "researcher" took any of this into
               | consideration.
        
               | smogcutter wrote:
               | I also distantly remembered this example from something
               | in school and found a reference.
               | 
               | https://www.sciencenews.org/article/cultures-reason
               | 
               | If you're actually interested, it's a little different
               | than what OP was told/remembers and what's being
               | discussed here.
        
             | vroomik wrote:
             | a bit of sidetrack, but i think interesting; there are some
             | people with aphantasia (which is lack of mental imagery),
             | and they seem to be doing fine (Craig Venter is one of
             | those people). On this distinction, what exactly is
             | abstract shape? I can imagine cube quite easily, but
             | tesseract is a lot harder. Would it be helpful not to have
             | this visual preconceptions in the mind?
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia
        
           | 3abiton wrote:
           | That's why IQ is a metric that can be improved. It highly
           | correlates with education to a certain point.
        
           | abdullahkhalids wrote:
           | I checked the reference. The "bears story" is based on work
           | done in 1930s.
           | 
           | Psychology, a hundred years later is a shoddy science,
           | despite us having learning quite a lot about how to do decent
           | experiments and field surveys. It's very very difficult to
           | tease out replicable effects in human behavior. I would
           | immediately reject any psychology finding from the 1930s,
           | unless it has been replicated more recently.
        
             | geysersam wrote:
             | Extremely shoddy story. People back in the day (working in
             | agriculture) had to perform tons of complex tasks.
             | Obviously they were able to reason.
             | 
             | It's clearly only someone quite far removed from any kind
             | of practical work who could become convinced people who
             | don't immediately answer the expected answer to test
             | questions have no ability to reason.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | And yet, that's still the state-of-the-art in psychology.
               | 
               | Circa 1990, good ol' Simon Baron-Cohen observed that
               | autistic children answered certain questions (intended to
               | test empathy) in a consistently unusual way, and he
               | decided that meant autistic people had no theory-of-mind.
               | Never mind that the questions were ambiguous, and the
               | scenarios were underspecified. It wasn't until 2012 that
               | somebody (Damian Milton) managed to get the obvious
               | alternative considered by academia. The "no ToM" theory
               | is still implicitly assumed by some new research papers,
               | despite there being no reason to prefer it over the
               | "double-empathy problem" hypothesis.
        
           | whilenot-dev wrote:
           | I think James Gleick is missing a lot of context her.
           | 
           | James Flynn[0] also gave a TED talk and mentioned those
           | interviews[1]. Apparently it's based on interviews done by
           | Alexander Luria[2] and he put those in writing in one of his
           | books _The Making of Mind: A Personal Account of Soviet
           | Psychology_ (Chapter 4[3]).
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Flynn_(academic)
           | 
           | [1]: https://youtu.be/9vpqilhW9uI?t=354
           | 
           | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Luria
           | 
           | [3]: https://www.marxists.org/archive/luria/works/1979/mind/c
           | h04....
        
           | strogonoff wrote:
           | No one cannot truly judge the complexity of someone else's[0]
           | experience unless it is both deconstructed[1] into categories
           | and those categories exactly fit one's preexisting
           | categories.
           | 
           | In other words, a claim like "literacy is a prerequisite for
           | things like logical reasoning" (or complex thought, or
           | consciousness, etc.) may be:
           | 
           | A) true not as a result of an empirical observation, but in a
           | circular way by definition--as a catch-22 where "if you do
           | not think like we do, you may well not think" is trivially
           | correct from most humans' perspective, because if you _do_
           | think but really unlike how they think (you are unable to
           | communicate it using the same vocabulary[2] they use) then
           | from their vantage point there may be no clear difference
           | between you thinking in your own way vs. you acting
           | unpredictably--contributing to it being
           | 
           | B) simply not a useful claim to make: as your experience
           | cannot be _completely reduced_ to categories that exactly
           | match those of some random scientist's, that scientist can
           | mnever fully judge the complexity of your experience or your
           | capability of abstract thought (of course, they could
           | mistakenly assume they can, by simply presuming _their_ way
           | of thinking to be the true reference point, as they are prone
           | to).
           | 
           | [0] That "someone else" can be yourself in the past, e.g. as
           | a small child before social integration, in which "one" could
           | be the current-you.
           | 
           | [1] That deconstruction is lossy. Your experience is
           | _changed_ as a result, possibly lessened for those aspects of
           | yourself that perceive reality as a whole.
           | 
           | [2] Using any vocabulary (including language) requires
           | deconstruction of experience, by definition.
        
             | Anotheroneagain wrote:
             | You can only genuinely belive all this because you lack the
             | capacity for symbolic communication. (you can't process the
             | sound of the word "dog" as refering to the animal) You only
             | learn language as a way to command people, then you call
             | them "autistic" when they interpret what you say according
             | to its symbolic meaning. ("taking things literally")
        
             | robwwilliams wrote:
             | Thoughtful comments: I have no idea why you are being down-
             | voted.
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | This makes me wonder about what turned out to be a pivotal
           | moment in my early life. It was the day I first realized
           | other people have their own minds, and that I could predict
           | with some degree of accuracy what was in them.
           | 
           | My dad wrote the numbers 1 through 4 on a piece of paper,
           | then asked me to pick one, but not tell him which I'd chosen.
           | Once I had it, he said, "You picked 3, didn't you?" I was
           | dumbfounded. "How did you do that??"
           | 
           | "Most people don't like to be out on the edges. It makes them
           | uncomfortable. So they don't pick 1 or 4. And most people,
           | like you, are right-handed, so they pick 3 over 2."
           | 
           | "OK, OK, do it again." (This was the moment a flash of magic
           | happened in my head.)
           | 
           | "You picked 1 this time, didn't you?"
           | 
           | "No, I picked 3 again because I knew you would think I would
           | pick 1 this time."
           | 
           | With a fear in his eyes that I only later discovered came
           | from the fact that his own sense of safety depended on being
           | the smartest person in the room, he said, "You're only 3. I
           | don't think you're supposed to know how to do that yet."
           | 
           | But here's the other thing--I _was_ literate when I was 3.
           | Nobody really knows how I picked it up, but one day I told my
           | mom it was my turn to read the stories, and I 've been
           | reading fluently ever since. I've been told I read
           | differently than most people even now (blocks of text rather
           | than individual letters or words), but I was definitely
           | reading.
           | 
           | I've never associated the two events before, nor that maybe I
           | was only able to do one because of the other, but it makes
           | sense of the fact that other kids didn't really start to seem
           | reasonable or thoughtful until 1st or 2nd grade. They lived
           | in these imaginary worlds where things didn't have to make
           | sense. It seemed like a lot of fun, but I had trouble joining
           | them there. I always assumed both skills just correlated with
           | age, not that one might facilitate the other.
           | 
           | My story obviously doesn't prove anything, but you've given
           | me an interesting thing to think about today!
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | This is called _theory of mind_ and I 've been
             | experimenting on my first child as he has grown up and he
             | had it much earlier than research would suggest. (I even
             | tried replicating one of the actual experiments used.)
             | 
             | I suspect there's large individual variation as to when it
             | is acquited. My son is relatively socially competent and
             | intetested in letters and numbers but not yet literate at
             | four.
             | 
             | We'll see how my second child fares -- she is even more
             | socially competent but does not yet speak (first child did
             | her age) so we'll see when it can be done.
        
               | john_weak wrote:
               | My mother had stroke like 20 years ago. All of my
               | siblings including myself have had moments of real
               | trouble when we talk to her. She's very functional, but
               | there's a sense that she is not putting herself in our
               | shoes, which comes across as lacking empathy. Even when
               | we try to outwardly express distress, it's like she's
               | blind to it. I just realized recently that stroke
               | survivors can suffer impairment to their Theory of Mind,
               | basically rendering them blind to what others are
               | feeling. That sense can be gone or be impaired. This was
               | such a revelation to me and suddenly everything in the
               | last decade made perfect sense. All this time we thought
               | she was just really self-centered or 'slow'. It caused
               | real frustrations and there were times we even broke down
               | because we expect something that's just not there. We
               | didn't know.
        
               | supertofu wrote:
               | My own mother has never had a stroke, but she has very
               | little awareness of her own emotional states. She is an
               | incredibly intelligent person and works in clinical
               | medicine, but she has always come across as harsh and
               | even cruel, because she has never shown much empathy for
               | emotions more complex than simple fear. I think her
               | deficiency in recognizing her own emotional states
               | contributes to her apparent lack of empathy.
               | 
               | For example, she cannot recognize her own anxiety. She is
               | a pathologically anxious person with OCD, but would never
               | describe herself as so. As such, she has never been able
               | to empathize with the fact that both of her children have
               | anxiety disorders and one had severe childhood OCD.
               | 
               | It was not a great way to grow up, although that kind of
               | emotional neglect is what made me a more resilient person
               | in the end...
        
               | unkulunkulu wrote:
               | I firmly believe now that this is a skillset missing in
               | families/cultures that is totally developable in therapy
               | (recognizing own and as a consequence other people's
               | emotions).
               | 
               | This is actually a missing education in my opinion.
        
               | growingkittens wrote:
               | Absolutely. I use my grandmother as an example of what
               | happens when you take family away from someone.
               | 
               | My grandmother lived between orphanages and an abusive
               | mother who literally beat one of her children retarded
               | with a frying pan.
               | 
               | She was determined to give her children a better life.
               | And she did! She turned to her friends to figure out
               | basic life skills. My mother had an idyllic childhood.
               | 
               | However, my grandma only knew how to survive an abusive
               | childhood. She taught my mother to 'pretend everything is
               | okay' when things were bad, because that's how she
               | survived.
               | 
               | My mother married an angry and cruel man and had children
               | with him - my sister and me. She pretended everything was
               | okay as our father told us we were stupid and worthless,
               | backing up his opinion with violence. Years later, she
               | still doesn't understand why we are distant with her
               | because she still lives in her fantasy world.
               | 
               | Now, imagine taking family away from an _entire group of
               | people_. All traditions wiped out.
        
               | mjcohen wrote:
               | It might help her to take improv classes. You are almost
               | forced to consider what your scene partner is
               | feeling/thinking.
        
             | incognito124 wrote:
             | I'm more interested in what the lesson is supposed to be.
             | Any ideas?
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | I don't know that he meant to teach me a lesson. I think
               | it was just a mentalist-style magic trick, not unlike
               | pulling a quarter out of a kid's ear. Just for fun.
               | 
               | I guess it was useful to know people are alike enough to
               | be predictable, but I don't think he was trying to
               | _teach_ me that necessarily.
               | 
               | Unfortunately I also have to interpret everything through
               | the lens of, "He's an insecure narcissist, so he might
               | just have been trying to keep me in line by proving he
               | was smarter than me." Things changed a lot after this
               | event. He intensified his efforts to isolate me from
               | other people, even convincing my own mother I was so much
               | smarter than her that she would never understand me. I
               | was a _three-year-old child._ I don 't care how smart you
               | are when you're 3, most of what you need at that point is
               | basic and common among all humans. But this gets back to
               | seeing me as a threat to his own sense of safety, thus
               | trying to make sure I felt small for the rest of my life.
        
               | paulrudy wrote:
               | Whew. I'm sorry you had that situation to grow up in,
               | caught up from an early age in maneuvering relative to a
               | parent's insecurities and emotional blindness. I can
               | relate in some ways. I hope the clarity with which you
               | wrote about it now is an expression of having come to
               | some healing and peace!
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | You know, it's taken a lot longer than I would have
               | hoped, but I'm grateful enough that it happened at all
               | that I don't dwell much on what could have been!
        
               | qup wrote:
               | I suspect my father was an easier man than yours, but
               | he's also an insecure narcissist.
               | 
               | When I began playing chess, he was my opponent for many,
               | many games. Until I won a game at 9 years old, which was
               | the last game we ever played.
               | 
               | I've always been a bad study of people, though. I wish I
               | could have seen through my father the way you seem to
               | have always seen through yours. I was in my 30s by then.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | I've always hated chess because of my dad! He wouldn't
               | even prompt me about what I might have considered that
               | could have helped, so after a dozen or so games in the
               | span of an hour, I decided I didn't want to play with him
               | anymore, and that the game was stupid. Only one of those
               | was the right call.
               | 
               | By the time I was 10, basketball, pool, ping pong, darts,
               | air hockey, and foosball were all on the list of things
               | to stop playing as soon as dad started. I can't even
               | relate to how insecure you have to be to beat an 8-year-
               | old girl at "horse" by making shots from far enough away
               | that she can't possibly have the muscle strength to throw
               | that far. I get making your kids earn their wins, but
               | what fun is it when you make it _impossible_??
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | "With a fear in his eyes that I only later discovered came
             | from the fact that his own sense of safety depended on
             | being the smartest person in the room, he said, "You're
             | only 3. I don't think you're supposed to know how to do
             | that yet.""
             | 
             | I feel like that episode describes most of common
             | education. In theory outstanding excellence is wanted, in
             | reality often not so much, as this causes problems. Better
             | teach them how to stay in line.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | I figured out far too early that I was thinking on
               | abstraction levels different from my teachers. I say "far
               | too early" because it was before I had the social
               | maturity to know better than to point it out. I didn't
               | mean to be a pain in the ass. I genuinely wanted to know
               | if they had thought about the things I was wondering. I
               | didn't mean to make them look stupid. I didn't even know
               | enough to realize it was how I asked questions, not their
               | own stupidity, that was making them look stupid.
               | 
               | School was rough, though not as rough as having a parent
               | who felt threatened by me.
        
               | dingnuts wrote:
               | I feel like this story of a memory reimagined by an adult
               | from the perspective of himself as a very precocious
               | three year old sounds more like projection of the OP's
               | current relationship with their father back onto a
               | childhood memory mixed with arrogance and a desire to
               | brag about how smart they are online for attention.
               | 
               | It's downright unbelievable to me that anyone would have
               | this detailed of a memory of when they were three, or
               | that a three year old could detect subtle and repressed
               | jealousy for intelligence -- if such an emotion was
               | expressed and not imagined by the child in the first
               | place -- and additionally the emotion allegedly detected
               | is extremely advanced for a toddler to understand.
               | 
               | Unless the OP is thirteen. That would explain the
               | arrogance and being able to remember being three so well.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "or that a three year old could detect subtle and
               | repressed jealousy for intelligence"
               | 
               | He did not claim that. He claimed he interpreted it later
               | like this.
               | 
               | Apart from that, there might be projection, but I know
               | that I have some very clear memories from being 3 as
               | well. Now I obviously do not know, how far my memory
               | matches reality. But I would not just dismiss the story.
               | Many people are insecure about their intelligence. And
               | when there is an actual intelligent beeing - the common
               | reaction of the crowd is not cheering, when the smart
               | person is so stupid to show he is smarter than the crowd.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | I think it's central to the story that it was highly
               | unusual. My dad couldn't believe I could do that, so it
               | doesn't surprise me that you can't either. Many children
               | aren't speaking clearly at 3, much less reasoning about
               | what is likely to be in another person's mind. I do
               | remember he reacted by growing cold, which surprised me
               | because I thought it was a great cool new thing I had
               | discovered. But as I said, I didn't interpret at the
               | time. I only realized why he reacted so differently from
               | how adult me would react to a 3-year-old today because I
               | know so much more about him now.
               | 
               | I was an unusual little kid--and a girl, not a boy,
               | though that's not terribly relevant to the story. Not
               | really sure what else to tell you. I don't think I
               | progressed intellectually any _farther_ than most people
               | do, but I did progress _faster,_ which was especially
               | noticeable when I was young. I have the handwritten list
               | my mom made of the 100 words I could use correctly by my
               | first birthday. My earliest vivid memory is of my 2nd
               | birthday party. For all I know, I may also have been very
               | close to turning 4 at the time this story took place, but
               | I know my being 3 contributed to his unease, and I know I
               | was reading at 3. It 's not a brag. Being an unusual
               | little kid (honestly I usually just say "weird") just
               | added another perspective to the parent comment.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "I was an unusual little kid--and a girl, not a boy,"
               | 
               | Sorry about that, I usually write "he or she" in my
               | comment, but thought I read something about boy above,
               | apparently not.
        
               | imcoconut wrote:
               | I thought your anecdote and commentary were relevant and
               | extremely thought-provoking.
               | 
               | The person you're responding to here was clearly
               | emotionally triggered by your anecdote. I wouldn't spend
               | too much time trying "convince" them that what you wrote
               | is true.
        
           | willis936 wrote:
           | This is a correlation, not a causation. "People that struggle
           | with problem solving also struggle with reading" is not the
           | same as "not reading results in poor problem solving". The
           | latter is not even begun to be proven in these case studies.
        
           | rblatz wrote:
           | Could it be that autism is in part the inability to think
           | abstractly around social situations?
        
             | solarmist wrote:
             | This feels approximately the correct shape to me.
        
           | qingcharles wrote:
           | I spent the last decade surrounded predominantly by
           | illiterate people. These comments are intriguing, but I don't
           | think the effect is as strong as you make out. I never
           | noticed any real difference in how illiterate people view the
           | world, except that they are generally more prone to believing
           | conspiracy theories.
           | 
           | If you can not read or write, then you do have to find other
           | outlets for your energy. Music plays a bigger role in the
           | lives of illiterates I found. I would say on the whole they
           | would seem more extroverted and social, too.
        
             | fireflash38 wrote:
             | Consider it's not just literacy - it's literacy and
             | _language_. Presumably you spent time around people who
             | might not read, but definitely can still talk and hear.
        
         | lynx23 wrote:
         | Even with sign language and the ability to read, deaf people
         | often have very limited grammar and sometimes outright bad
         | writing style. We rely far more on spoken language then we
         | think. If you take that away, so much practice when it comes to
         | using your native "tongue" is simply not had. A similar effect,
         | although not as pronounced, is with blind people (my tribe)
         | having very bad spelling. The reason for that is blind people
         | seldomly read themseves, they usually employ speech synthesis
         | to have text read to them. However, that also means they
         | basically never see the spelling of uncommon words, so all they
         | can do is guess, which sometimes leads to hilarious results.
         | Since I use braille primarily to access a computer, the effect
         | isn't as pronounced for me. But I noticed early on that I erred
         | a lot when it came to street and city names. Until I realized,
         | well, sighted people do actually read street signs. So after a
         | while, certain spellings just stick. Since I almost never did
         | that... I didn't know, wasn't soaked in the information to pick
         | it up.
        
           | nextaccountic wrote:
           | Note that for people deaf from birth, their written language
           | is typically their second language, and their mother tongue
           | is sign language
           | 
           | And written language is harder to learn exactly because they
           | can't pronounce words
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | What a strange experience it must be to grow up capable of
       | language but without it until someone teaches you. It's also
       | interesting considering some people have an inner monologue/voice
       | and some don't.
       | 
       | Oh and everybody knows the story of Helen Keller but it kinda
       | stops there. Less known is she become a huge eugenicist [1]
       | 
       | [1]: https://dsq-sds.org/index.php/dsq/article/view/539/716
        
         | robobro wrote:
         | The article said she briefly became a eugenicist, like other
         | political radicals of the time, before going back on it. Not
         | the "gotcha" you think it is.
         | 
         | I think it's the bigger story that she was very left wing. I
         | never learned that in school and was unaware of the fact until
         | reading some of the articles she wrote for my union, the iww
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | Reminds me of one of my earliest memories: eyes tight shut,
       | crying, disturbed by the awful sound, wondering where it was
       | coming from, unaware that it was me.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Oh yeah? Well I remember grabbing a slippery rope wondering
         | what it was and then realized it was my umbilical cord.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | " _Don 't be snarky._"
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | jukea wrote:
       | I could never wrap my head around the fact that someone who
       | couldn't see or hear developed a mind able to think and write
       | with such depth and clarity.
        
         | sh-run wrote:
         | Right? It's such a foreign form of intelligence to me. I think
         | the paper "What is it like to be a bat" by Thomas Nagel made me
         | realize that I can't even imagine what it's like to be my next
         | door neighbor, let alone a being that has senses that differ
         | from mine. Helen Keller's mind must work in a greatly different
         | way than yours or mine. When I think, it's in English. I
         | visualize things. Smell, touch and taste are never really
         | involved. It's like they are the lesser of senses and yet
         | that's all she had. It's incredible.
         | 
         | Andy Weir in Project Hail Mary and Adrian Tchaikovsky in
         | Children of [Time|Ruin|Memory] do a great job of describing
         | what other forms of consciousness might be like, but still
         | falls flat, I only really think in sight and sound.
         | 
         | What is it like to be a bat? I'll never know.
        
           | evilduck wrote:
           | Blindsight by Peter Watts also discusses what can be
           | intelligent but not conscious. In the current hypefest of
           | LLMs it's interesting to consider that they may be similar.
        
             | mikewarot wrote:
             | I think that LLMs might go through the reverse journey,
             | being fluent in tokens (words-ish) and working backwards
             | towards the physical reality we all inhabit.
        
             | at_a_remove wrote:
             | "We do not like annoying cousins." Yes, exactly. The, uh,
             | _confident_ fluency of LLM responses, which can at the same
             | time contradict what was said earlier, reminded me exactly
             | of that. I don 't know if you've ever met one of those glib
             | psychopaths, but they have this characteristic of non-
             | content communication, where it feels like words are being
             | arranged for you, like someone composing a song using words
             | from a language they do not know. See also: "you're talking
             | a lot, but you're not saying anything."
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Hm. The contradictions specifically are a thing I notice
               | in humans that I think are entirely normal[0]. But the
               | early LLMs with the shorter context windows, those
               | reminded me of my mum's Alzheimer's.
               | 
               | That said, your analogy may well be perfect, as they are
               | learning to people-please and to simulate things they
               | (hopefully) don't actually experience.
               | 
               | (Not that it changes your point, but isn't that
               | Machiavellian rather than psychopathic?)
               | 
               | [0] one of many reasons why I disagree with Wittgenstein
               | about:
               | 
               | > If there were a verb meaning 'to believe falsely', it
               | would not have any significant first person, present
               | indicative.
               | 
               | Just because it's logically correct, doesn't mean humans
               | think like that.
        
               | ohthehugemanate wrote:
               | The part that really gets ME about that thought, is that
               | those glib psychopaths/sociopaths fill an important role
               | in human society, generally as leaders. I'm sure we can
               | all think of some prominent political figures who are
               | very good at arranging words to get their audience
               | excited, but have a tenuous connection to fact (at best).
               | Actually factual content seems almost irrelevant to their
               | ability to lead, or to their followers' desire to follow.
               | 
               | If that's the function which we can now automate at
               | scale, it's not the jobs the machines will ultimately
               | take; it's the leadership.
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | I was thinking the same. if there's anything that is what
             | it is like to be an LLM (and I'm not saying that there is -
             | in fact, I doubt it, while supposing that it is a
             | possibility for future machines) I suspect it would be like
             | this, but more so, and inverted: while Keller had some
             | experience of an external world but no experience of
             | language, the entire universe for an LLM is language,
             | without any obvious way to suppose that this language is
             | about an external world.
        
             | qup wrote:
             | Available to read online, I read it last year:
             | https://rifters.com/real/Blindsight.htm
        
           | antonioevans wrote:
           | Children of Time/Ruin great two books. Highly recommend them
           | if you like SciFi and animal behavior.
        
           | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
           | I don't think it's that strange. My thoughts and my physical
           | sensations are separate, imaging a different body different
           | senses isn't that much of a stretch. I _speak_ English but I
           | don 't think in it, thoughts don't have a language.
        
             | blfr wrote:
             | I think that this is false, as in intersubjectively not
             | true for the human experience. First, because our physical
             | state has a huge influence on our thoughts, not just their
             | content, but direction, "color."
             | 
             | Secondly, and more importantly, while some thoughts may not
             | have a language (image memories, mental maps), others
             | certainly do, they're narrative. I only speak two languages
             | but well enough (English is my second language) that I can
             | think in both, and often come to a point where I have to
             | decide which it will be for this train of thought.
             | 
             | Shape rotators vs wordcels distinction strikes again, I
             | guess.
        
               | frabcus wrote:
               | Quite a lot of people have no inner voice, others no
               | inner imagery, others no inner unsymbolized conceptual
               | thinking (cf all of Hurlburts research).
               | 
               | We all use very varied modalities of thought! It's as
               | rich as how different we look or how different we cook.
        
               | blfr wrote:
               | Having no inner voice, imagery, or whatever seems to be
               | poorer rather than richer experience to me. I don't think
               | the existence of deaf people invalidates the importance
               | of music to human experience.
        
               | filleduchaos wrote:
               | I don't think a deaf person's inability to listen to
               | music with their ears makes them incapable of depth and
               | clarity of thought, no.
               | 
               | I don't think people who aren't hard of hearing
               | necessarily have particularly deep or clear thoughts
               | simply because they listen to music with their ears
               | either. It's very easy to confuse correlation with
               | causation.
               | 
               | (I've specified "with their ears" because deaf people can
               | perceive music through other means than the cochlea +
               | cochlear nerve.)
        
               | VS1999 wrote:
               | Nearly every post that uses exclamation marks like this
               | is off-putting. Fake enthusiasm is creepy. There is no
               | way you are enthusiastic about people having no inner
               | voice.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | Of course there is. Maybe they are one of those people. I
               | know multiple people who say they have no inner voice the
               | way I experience it and I don't get it, but yes they are
               | enthusiastic about saying that they can still _think_
               | perfectly well!
        
             | BazookaMusic wrote:
             | Based on the fact that people speaking different languages
             | can lack basic abstract concepts or reason about them very
             | differently, I think thoughts do have a language or at
             | least often follow a language.
             | 
             | Here's a link to a transcript of a lecture with some very
             | interesting examples: https://irl.umsl.edu/oer/13/
             | 
             | A quote as a sample: So let me tell you about some of my
             | favorite examples. I'll start with an example from an
             | Aboriginal community in Australia that I had the chance to
             | work with. These are the Kuuk Thaayorre people. They live
             | in Pormpuraaw at the very west edge of Cape York. What's
             | cool about Kuuk Thaayorre is, in Kuuk Thaayorre, they don't
             | use words like "left" and "right," and instead, everything
             | is in cardinal directions: north, south, east and west. And
             | when I say everything, I really mean everything. You would
             | say something like, "Oh, there's an ant on your southwest
             | leg." Or, "Move your cup to the north-northeast a little
             | bit." In fact, the way that you say "hello" in Kuuk
             | Thaayorre is you say, "Which way are you going?" And the
             | answer should be, "North-northeast in the far distance. How
             | about you?"
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | That is a fairly contested topic, and most linguists
               | today don't believe that "speakers of some languages lack
               | basic abstract concepts".
        
             | deergomoo wrote:
             | Do you have an inner monologue, out of curiosity? Because I
             | absolutely think in English.
        
         | hnick wrote:
         | I feel like my grasp of language allows some very complex
         | thoughts, but I often wonder if it is limiting. I seem nearly
         | unable to think without forming phrases in my head, and even if
         | I anticipate the conclusion I feel the need to go through the
         | whole sentence. I know there are people with all their senses
         | intact without any internal monologue, but mine is very much in
         | charge. Rigorous exercise or flow state seems able to quiet it
         | for a bit.
        
           | pests wrote:
           | This reminds me of some experiment (that I will never be able
           | to find again) that was basically having people count in
           | their head while doing something else, say reading.
           | 
           | Some people were very good at it, others horrible.
           | 
           | One revealed the method they were using - they didn't count
           | audibly, they visualized a ticker tape moving across their
           | vision with numbers increasing. Or say a rotating scale with
           | the numbers rotating. This let them read or internal
           | monologue as the senses are now separate.
           | 
           | I tried to practice for a bit, still impossible to do without
           | thinking about it. Kind of like how people default to
           | counting money in their native way.
        
             | hnick wrote:
             | That's interesting. I read your comment in my head while
             | counting and seemed able to keep up, but something more
             | complex might be hard, such as reading out loud.
             | 
             | On another tangent, I've been trying Ritalin after speaking
             | to a doctor. The first thing I noticed when I took it was
             | that it became very difficult to hold multiple trains of
             | thought at the same time. My typical routine (coping
             | mechanism) was to work and have YouTube playing and a
             | little attention on each, because this stopped me getting
             | bored. But it wasn't long before I realised I simply could
             | not hear the videos. It was a strange feeling but nice. A
             | little similar to what you describe in how abilities vary.
        
               | pests wrote:
               | These questions keep me up at night. That we only get to
               | experience though our own senses.
               | 
               | I pretty much can only pay attention to one thing at a
               | time. I've tried to watch movies or YouTube while coding
               | or other things on my PC but I end up realizing I wasn't
               | paying attention at all so now I don't even try.
        
             | foodevl wrote:
             | > This reminds me of some experiment (that I will never be
             | able to find again)
             | 
             | That was from Richard Feynman.
        
               | pests wrote:
               | Ah yes! That would totally line up. Guessing from his
               | Surely You're Joking book.
               | 
               | Apologies to any if I butchered the story or experiment,
               | been awhile.
        
               | frabcus wrote:
               | It's definitely in the excellent Feynman BBC series "Fun
               | to imagine"
        
             | texuf wrote:
             | This is from Surely You're Joking
        
             | StefanBatory wrote:
             | I have been learning English for close to ~18 years by now,
             | if you count primary school. To this day I can't really
             | count in English unless I force myself to.
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | > I seem nearly unable to think without forming phrases in my
           | head, and even if I anticipate the conclusion I feel the need
           | to go through the whole sentence.
           | 
           | I try this ever so often and can't get a hold of it. It feels
           | like I know what the final sentence will be, like it's shape,
           | in a way, before my narrator has read it, but he needs to
           | read it for the meaning to materialise, to commit to my
           | reasoning state. Every time I think just how much faster I
           | would be thinking if I could get rid of the monologue
           | somehow.
           | 
           | And _then_ I notice that thinking happens very fast, and that
           | the perceived speaking speed of the narrator probably doesn't
           | correlate with the time it would take me to actually spell
           | things out loud, my brain only pretends it's way slower than
           | the actual thought process.
        
             | raffraffraff wrote:
             | I also find it astonishing that I can feel like I had an
             | entire sentence in my head without any of the words, and
             | fluidly produce all of the words _as I say them_ , without
             | having to search for them or consciously line them up.
             | They're just _there_ , one after the other, like tokens
             | waiting to be picked up. (LLM anyone?) I don't even think
             | that my conscious brain knows exactly which words are going
             | to pop out, say 5 words on. It seems to magically find each
             | word as I speak, without having to pause or rebuffer.
             | 
             | I don't think that language is slowing me down. I actually
             | think that my brain is full of shit and needs to run
             | thoughts through checkers (lint, syntax, logic, fact). I
             | think it makes the language center of our brains all the
             | more magical. As you say, it all happens so fast, and yet
             | it assembles and sanity-checks those raw thoughts as you
             | crystalise them into words.
             | 
             | How many times have I started explaining something, only to
             | realise midway through that I'm taking crap, or that I'm
             | extremely fuzzy on some important detail. Or maybe I infer
             | some important new fact or make some new connection for the
             | first time, while talking about it?
             | 
             | Dogs have thoughts... but _we can speak_. And every time
             | there 's been an innovation in the storage, retrieval or
             | communication of _language_ (not raw thoughts), we 've had
             | a gigantic evolutionary leap forward. Isaac Newton was a
             | genius. But when he took up the challenge of explaining the
             | motion of the planets, I bet that not even _he_ knew what
             | he was going to end up with at the end, and I bet that he
             | realised, discovered or rained out a whole bunch of things
             | in the writing of it.
             | 
             | Something else I've wondered. How come my brain holds a
             | million different facts, records of! historical
             | interactions with others, and a pretty decent track of time
             | (like, I know the time, day, month and year and what I did-
             | or-didn't do yesterday), but my dreams are total gibberish?
             | Like I was in a hotel lobby last night with a bunch of
             | people I don't know, realised I'm wasn't wearing any pants,
             | then paniced because my phone was in my pants, how would I
             | call my wife? So I turn to my (deceased) sister and asked
             | which room I'm staying in... If my brain is so good, how
             | come it does crap like that when the conscious bit is
             | switched off?
             | 
             | I would never assume that the data inside my brain, or the
             | subconscious babble that counts for thought, adds up to a
             | genius that is hindered by some clunky language. Very much
             | the opposite.
             | 
             | Side note: all of this is the basis for my extremely strong
             | view that freedom of speech is an absolute necessity for
             | continued prosperity, science, democracy etc. If people are
             | unable to turn their ideas into concrete language, and to
             | do this together as a group, without fear, then they are
             | unable to reason things out properly and make good
             | decisions. I only feel like adding that because within my
             | lifetime I have seen an erosion of the importance of that
             | freedom, to the point where it's no longer possible to
             | discuss mundane, everyday things, or to point out some
             | obvious truth.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Side note: all of this is the basis for my extremely
               | strong view that freedom of speech is an absolute
               | necessity for continued prosperity, science, democracy
               | etc. If people are unable to turn their ideas into
               | concrete language, and to do this together as a group,
               | without fear, then they are unable to reason things out
               | properly and make good decisions. I only feel like adding
               | that because within my lifetime I have seen an erosion of
               | the importance of that freedom, to the point where it's
               | no longer possible to discuss mundane, everyday things,
               | or to point out some obvious truth.
               | 
               | A fun tangent :)
               | 
               | I think "freedom of speech" is perhaps the wrong place to
               | describe the line: if everyone used words to try to learn
               | about the world, to test their models against reality,
               | this would be flawless.
               | 
               | But that does not fully describe us: we are social
               | creatures, we use language not only to scout, but to
               | fight; and freedom of speech also means freedom for
               | rhetoric. It's cliche to criticise _ethos_ these days, to
               | say that arguments don 't depend on the qualifications of
               | one making them. Logos is the one I think you're
               | interested in, based on what you wrote here. Pathos is
               | the one I fear, because I know it works and it makes
               | people believe falsely.
               | 
               | Still, I don't know how to actually get to just "freedom
               | of logos". Some pathos may be necessary to avoid
               | accidentally prohibiting some logos. Some pathos may be
               | simply unavoidable, as the reason to care in the first
               | place (see explanations of why "straw Vulcans" are made
               | of straw:
               | https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StrawVulcan).
        
               | Anotheroneagain wrote:
               | It isn't straw Vulcans, but a completely real thing.
               | 
               | Highly dimensional problems can only be solved through
               | dimensionality reduction, you extract some key features
               | that encompass the problem, get something that at least
               | partially works, and eventually get to the actual
               | solution, even for problems that would be too complex and
               | multifaceted to approach analytically.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | > within my lifetime I have seen an erosion of the
               | importance of that freedom
               | 
               | Can you provide some concrete examples?
        
               | qup wrote:
               | Social media silencing thoughts during COVID-19 that
               | later to turn out to be right. And mostly nobody is very
               | mad about views being silenced all over the internet.
               | 
               | That's the first thing that sprung to my mind.
        
             | frabcus wrote:
             | Yes - to me the speech feels more like a forcing layer that
             | drives thought. The actual thought is a recurrent neural
             | network underneath. Nearest I have of conscious access to
             | itis non verbal awareness of complex concepts.
        
           | martindbp wrote:
           | Is this the norm? I can have an internal dialog but I mainly
           | visualize things, I'd say that 90% of my thinking is visual.
           | I'm not even sure how you'd solve, for instance, an
           | algorithmic problem without visualizing the process. Maybe
           | this is why I feel like a slower thinker than most peers,
           | answers just seem to come them while I have to visualize
           | things first. In college I'd generally take longer than the
           | fast smart people but end up doing slightly better in the
           | end, which always puzzled me. I have terrible memory for
           | facts though.
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | I can visualize algorithms but I have to do so
             | deliberately. Unlike the parent poster I don't always think
             | in internal monologues either.
             | 
             | Sometimes it's a keyword/concept thing where I'll think of
             | the main items and I get a feeling that I know how to fill
             | in the blanks. I haven't actually visualized or verbalized
             | what would fill those blanks though (and sometimes the
             | feeling is wrong).
             | 
             | I think pretty much all of the senses can be used to do
             | some form of thinking. I can imagine songs in my head,
             | touch, feelings etc. Rarely are they useful for problem
             | solving though, but some of these are nice for falling
             | asleep in unknown environments.
             | 
             | Oh and then there's the thinking where nothing seems to
             | happen. I stare at a piece of paper and after a while I
             | know what to do next. How did I arrive at that conclusion?
             | I don't know, but it definitely wasn't verbal, visual,
             | aural or anything else. This tends to not solve complex
             | problems like math, but it basically tells me what I should
             | do to try to solve it (usually verbal or visual).
        
             | frabcus wrote:
             | The answer is that it is hugely variable between people!
             | 
             | Hurlburt has great research on this using Descriptive
             | Experience Sampling.
             | 
             | Some people mainly use images, others mainly speech, others
             | mainly emotion etc. And many more use a varied mix.
             | 
             | Also the way each modality of thought is used is hugely
             | variable - exactly what people see and with what quality or
             | how precisely they feel emotional in their body etc.
             | 
             | To me it explains a huge amount of how different people are
             | good at different skills.
             | 
             | I've a podcast on this topic ("Imagine an apple") if you're
             | interested in more.
        
             | hnick wrote:
             | It's not 100% for me but just the vast majority. I do
             | visualise things that are almost purely spacial like
             | geometry or recalling how to do an exercise. Though from
             | what I've read, even this is news to some people who
             | express surprise that "mind's eye" is a little more literal
             | than they assumed. I'm pretty good at remembering facts and
             | trivia but not so much actual life experiences, not sure if
             | that's related.
        
             | phito wrote:
             | You can visualize an algorithm?? Makes no sense to me. To
             | me, when thinking about an algorithm, it's more navigating
             | the data flow. Following connections between concepts. No
             | words nor visuals.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | I think I navigate the data flow visually. Or semi-
               | visually. In my mind's eye, usually, but sometimes I put
               | it on paper.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | I have an "inner voice" which "wants" to turn my word-shaped-
           | thoughts into an inner audio stream, and "gets annoyed" if,
           | upon "my" realisation that I've already got the entire
           | sentence, I can save time by not "reading" it "aloud".
           | 
           | (All those scare quotes because this is not at all literal,
           | just how it feels from the inside).
           | 
           | Interestingly, when I'm in this state (the thought has to
           | already exist) I can let my fingers type it out for me while
           | I'm paying attention to something else entirely -- but I
           | can't simultaneously read while listening to someone talk.
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | You might enjoy this Alan watts talk called: the limits of
           | language https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZZPLbi2SD4
        
       | light_hue_1 wrote:
       | There's a fascinating book
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Man_Without_Words that goes into
       | some detail about how the world feels before and after language.
       | 
       | It would be amazing to have some science related to this.
       | Probably too hard to follow up on though.
        
       | rramadass wrote:
       | The Samkhya school of Hindu Philosophy posits a very nice model
       | of Worldview which is applicable here.
       | 
       | See the venn diagram of _Purusha and Prakriti_ at -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samkhya#Philosophy
       | 
       | Relevant Excerpt:
       | 
       |  _Thought processes and mental events are conscious only to the
       | extent they receive illumination from Purusha. In Samkhya,
       | consciousness is compared to light which illuminates the material
       | configurations or 'shapes' assumed by the mind. So intellect,
       | after receiving cognitive structures from the mind and
       | illumination from pure consciousness, creates thought structures
       | that appear to be conscious. Ahamkara, the ego or the phenomenal
       | self, appropriates all mental experiences to itself and thus,
       | personalizes the objective activities of mind and intellect by
       | assuming possession of them. But consciousness is itself
       | independent of the thought structures it illuminates._
        
         | darken wrote:
         | If I may attempt to paraphrase:
         | 
         | "You" are not "your thoughts": you are the _watcher_ of your
         | thoughts.
        
           | jaggederest wrote:
           | The eye is the lens that sees itself.
        
           | rramadass wrote:
           | Yes; but that is only "Purusha" aka "Witness-Consciousness"
           | as wikipedia so nicely labels it. But it is in the
           | elaboration of
           | "Thoughts/Emotions/Feelings/Perceptions/Everything
           | Mental/Psychological" + "All Physical Matter" which is
           | labeled under "Prakriti" aka "The Original Primary Substance"
           | where the beauty and logic of this philosophy shines.
           | 
           | All "mental stuff" is mediated by three aspects i.e. 1)
           | Intellect (aka Buddhi), 2) Ego/Self-Identity (aka Ahamkara)
           | and 3) Sensory Mind (aka Manas). It is in the teasing out of
           | all mental stuff into these aspects as being completely
           | independent of "Consciousness" (aka Purusha) that is to be
           | understood and practiced. In "normal life" Consciousness is
           | bound to the above three aspects of "mind" and hence "suffers
           | bondage". Patanjali Raja Yoga follows on Samkhya by giving a
           | eight-part framework/discipline (aka Ashtanga Yoga) to
           | literally "stop all mental/thought stuff creation/expansion".
           | Then Consciousness is no longer bound to externalities
           | (including its own "mind") but becomes settled within itself
           | which is called Liberation (aka Moksha).
           | 
           | The Samkhya is Atheistic and Dualistic Realism and quite
           | compatible with Modern Science where the former gives a
           | "inside out" experiential and subjective model while the
           | latter details a "outside in" material model.
        
             | NayamAmarshe wrote:
             | > The Samkhya is Atheistic
             | 
             | This is not true. There are both theistic and atheistic
             | branches in the Samkhya school. It is a myth that Samkhya
             | is atheistic. In fact, Patanjali himself is in the theistic
             | school of Samkhya as he talks about: "isvara pranidhana" in
             | the sutras and even defines isvara.
             | 
             | Here's a fantastic lecture by Edwin Bryant discussing the
             | Isvara of Yoga Sutras and Samkhya in general:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGXzTf6ZA-4
        
               | rramadass wrote:
               | The Original "Classical Samkhya" is Atheistic and
               | Dualistic Realism. It is only in later
               | modifications/extensions that the concept of "God" was
               | added in, which is strictly speaking not necessary.
               | Wikipedia gives the debate -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samkhya#Views_on_God See
               | the texts _Samkhya Karika /Panchasikha Sutram/Kapila
               | Sutras_ in the magnum opus by Nandalal Sinha titled _The
               | Samkhya Philosophy_ (contains a translation of all extant
               | Samkhya texts in over 700 pages!). Also see the books of
               | Gerald Larson (one of the foremost western scholars on
               | Samkhya) to get an idea of the evolution of the entire
               | Samkhya School.
               | 
               | In Patanjali Yoga Sutras the concept of "God" is merely
               | used as an entity and technique to help you in your
               | practice to break out of your self-identity (i.e.
               | Ahamkara). It is just one among a set of techniques.
               | There is only half a dozen sutras which even mention god
               | in the entire text (see this succinct translation by Bon
               | Giovanni - https://sacred-texts.com/hin/yogasutr.htm). It
               | is in the later commentaries on the text that you find an
               | elaboration according to the pre-existing beliefs of the
               | author.
        
               | NayamAmarshe wrote:
               | > It is only in later modifications/extensions that the
               | concept of "God" was added in, which is strictly speaking
               | not necessary.
               | 
               | You can turn it the other way round and the claim would
               | be even more valid: Atheism came later in the Samkhya
               | schools. The scholars have a bias towards atheism so it's
               | not surprising they'd claim that.
               | 
               | This is proven by the fact that the Mahabharata's Bhisma-
               | parva has a whole chapter on Moksa-dharma which give us
               | the very first signs of a proto-samkhya philosophy and it
               | is very much theistic. Also, the later added atheistic
               | Kapila philosophy is a deviation from the original
               | Kapila, the avatar of Lord Visnu.
               | 
               | Even Patanjali is mentioned as Sesa in the scriptures and
               | every school agrees with it. Svetasvataropanisad is one
               | of the earliest references to Samkhya and is very much
               | theistic. Samkhya being atheistic is a fiction. There
               | were atheistic Samkhya branches but it was never 'only'
               | atheistic.
               | 
               | > "God" is merely used as an entity
               | 
               | That is true, because Patanjali's project was "svarupe
               | avasthanam", the method by which the seer can abide in
               | its own nature. Isvara is merely used as a prop to gain
               | something else, which is okay because that is what Yoga
               | Sutra is about but it does not mean Samkhya was
               | originally atheistic or that theistic Samkhya is a later
               | addition.
        
               | rramadass wrote:
               | > You can turn it the other way round and the claim would
               | be even more valid: Atheism came later in the Samkhya
               | schools.
               | 
               | No, current scholarship is unanimous in accepting that
               | the Atheistic view came first. Unless some new unknown
               | texts come to light to make us revise the dates that is
               | what we have to live with.
               | 
               | Outside of the classic sutra texts mentioned above, there
               | is only the "Kapilopadesha" from the Bhagavatha Purana
               | and "Kapila-Gita" from the Mahabharatha which seem to
               | espouse proper Samkhya philosophy. All other mentions in
               | the upanishads/vedas/puranas/itihasas seem to be just a
               | mention without any substantial details.
               | 
               | The Historical Development section gives a good overview
               | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samkhya#Historical_develo
               | pment
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | Who cares what prescientific people thought first or
               | second? The order in which they thought these
               | prescientific thoughts has no bearing on the correctness
               | of those thoughts.
        
               | rramadass wrote:
               | Proverbs 17:28
        
           | a_cardboard_box wrote:
           | You watch, but you also influence. If you had no influence on
           | your thoughts, you wouldn't think "I am the watcher".
        
         | NayamAmarshe wrote:
         | Samkhya is the GOAT! Very happy to see this comment here.
         | 
         | Their metaphysics is way ahead, even now we see many brilliant
         | people (scientists) struggling with metaphysics whereas Samkhya
         | clearly lays out stuff with logical reasoning. While modern
         | people still can't define consciousness clearly, Samkhya goes
         | above and beyond to define it in detail, using material
         | language to describe the immaterial.
         | 
         | It's a shame that the philosophy never got exported to the
         | west, like the poses of Astanga Yoga, which too are a part of
         | Samkhya school.
        
           | rramadass wrote:
           | The difficulty in understanding Samkhya lies in the complex
           | definition of "Prakriti" which the wikipedia page nicely
           | clarifies as;
           | 
           |  _In Samkhya purusa signifies the observer, the 'witness'.
           | Prakrti includes all the cognitive, moral, psychological,
           | emotional, sensorial and physical aspects of reality. It is
           | often mistranslated as 'matter' or 'nature' - in non-Samkhyan
           | usage it does mean 'essential nature' - but that distracts
           | from the heavy Samkhyan stress on prakrti's cognitive,
           | mental, psychological and sensorial activities. Moreover,
           | subtle and gross matter are its most derivative byproducts,
           | not its core. Only prakrti acts._
           | 
           | Samkhya is first and foremost a experiential worldview.
           | Wikipedia again;
           | 
           |  _Prakriti is the source of our experience; it is not "the
           | evolution of a series of material entities," but "the
           | emergence of experience itself". It is description of
           | experience and the relations between its elements, not an
           | explanation of the origin of the universe._
           | 
           | Finally, the concept of the "Gunas" are also quite difficult
           | to understand in full generality. Wikipedia fails in this
           | case to clarify matters -
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a
        
           | samirillian wrote:
           | Nietzsche Schopenhauer and others reference Samkhya. It's
           | definitely had an influence but it's definitely subterranean.
           | Western philosophers all want to sound scientific and using
           | old eastern phenomenology somehow undermines that.
           | 
           | So much eastern philosophy is just really good phenomenology,
           | and some Japanese philosophers like Nishida tried to combine
           | Husserl and Buddhism, but it's the same thing, I think
           | western phenomenologists have some sort of insecurity, so
           | they implicitly condescend to the eastern thought.
        
             | sameoldtune wrote:
             | It is not very satisfying to a philosopher to say "looks
             | like this one's already been figured out". The original
             | "not invented here" syndrome :)
        
         | tmnvix wrote:
         | This sounds like the distinction between phenomenal and meta
         | consciousness.
        
       | vjerancrnjak wrote:
       | It's quite interesting how these descriptions align with Buddhist
       | or Zen teachings.
       | 
       | I wonder if she was influenced by it or if this is a rediscovery.
       | 
       | The fact that she associates a sensation of contraction in the
       | forehead as thinking is very interesting.
       | 
       | Also the fact of there being no time or no will.
       | 
       | Although she goes further to conclude that she acquired will,
       | instead of illusion of will or choice due to previously
       | experiencing no will or choice.
        
         | hnick wrote:
         | > The fact that she associates a sensation of contraction in
         | the forehead as thinking is very interesting.
         | 
         | Makes sense to me. A furrowed brow is a common trope of
         | thinking hard about something, it'd make sense if the same
         | happens on a smaller barely perceptible scale for other
         | thoughts (supposedly this happens to our vocal chords when
         | subvocalising in our heads). Something about focusing the
         | senses when processing thoughts I would guess.
        
           | Jerrrrry wrote:
           | Blind people smile.
        
         | krackers wrote:
         | How does Keller's state pre-language differ from "ego death"
         | and what UG Krishmaurti described as the "natural state" (where
         | there is no continuous thought as part of the control loop)? A
         | lot of the symptoms seems to be superficially similar:
         | timelessness, blurred boundaries between the self and the
         | environment. This following lines in particular jump out at me.
         | 
         | >My dormant being had no idea of God or immortality, no fear of
         | death.
         | 
         | Although one difference I suppose is that while Keller had no
         | option at all of using the faculties of self-modeling enabled
         | by language, UG Krishnamurti described it as something
         | voluntary; clearly he could introspect if he desired to, but he
         | could apparently relinquish this also.
        
       | owenversteeg wrote:
       | >As my experiences broadened and deepened, the indeterminate,
       | poetic feelings of childhood began to fix themselves in definite
       | thoughts. Nature--the world I could touch--was folded and filled
       | with myself. I am inclined to believe those philosophers who
       | declare that we know nothing but our own feelings and ideas. With
       | a little ingenious reasoning one may see in the material world
       | simply a mirror, an image of permanent mental sensations. In
       | either sphere self-knowledge is the condition and the limit of
       | our consciousness. That is why, perhaps, many people know so
       | little about what is beyond their short range of experience. They
       | look within themselves--and find nothing! Therefore they conclude
       | that there is nothing outside themselves, either.
       | 
       | >However that may be, I came later to look for an image of my
       | emotions and sensations in others. I had to learn the outward
       | signs of inward feelings. The start of fear, the suppressed,
       | controlled tensity of pain, the beat of happy muscles in others,
       | had to be perceived and compared with my own experiences before I
       | could trace them back to the intangible soul of another. Groping,
       | uncertain, I at last found my identity, and after seeing my
       | thoughts and feelings repeated in others, I gradually constructed
       | my world of men and of God. As I read and study, I find that this
       | is what the rest of the race has done. Man looks within himself
       | and in time finds the measure and the meaning of the universe.
       | 
       | What poetry!
        
         | jaybrendansmith wrote:
         | I love this line and can confirm: "That is why, perhaps, many
         | people know so little about what is beyond their short range of
         | experience. They look within themselves--and find nothing!
         | Therefore they conclude that there is nothing outside
         | themselves, either."
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Helen Keller on life before verbal reasoning emerged.
        
       | cortesoft wrote:
       | > I "thought" and desired in my fingers. If I had made a man, I
       | should certainly have put the brain and soul in his finger-tips.
       | 
       | This makes so much sense... I always find it interesting that I
       | think of "me" as being mostly my head, and I figure that is
       | probably because that is where my eyes and ears are.
       | 
       | If I didn't see or hear, it makes sense that my fingers would be
       | what I think of as me.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | I think much of it may be just that you're adapting to your
         | culture. I'm not convinced there would be a strong head-bias
         | unless we knew that's where the brain is.
         | 
         | The gut is a good contender for other locations of "me". It's
         | where we feel a lot of our feelings.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | We feel things in our gut?
           | 
           | I know the saying "gut feeling", but I thought it was just a
           | saying.
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | Some primary feelings are more pronounced in hands and feet
             | (anger), others in face (interest) but many express
             | themselves strongly in the gut (surprise, happiness,
             | disgust, fear).
             | 
             | In my culture we are often not taught to pay attention to
             | our feelings (especially men, I suppose) so it's easy to
             | miss these cues. I certainly didn't notice until I had some
             | training in it.
        
               | spangry wrote:
               | What kind of training did you do? I have trouble figuring
               | out how I'm feeling and want to get better at it. I'm
               | particularly bad at noticing when I'm stressed, and by
               | the time I notice I'm already redlining.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | I can't explain it briefly nor do I know what it is
               | called, but it consisted of a series of weekly lectures
               | from a psychologist who was good at this stuff. Then some
               | homework in between, which had themes circling around
               | decomposing complex feelings into more basic ones,
               | mindfulness, communicating needs, etc.
               | 
               | It is easily the most adult-preparing course I have ever
               | taken, but I really stumbled into it as part of something
               | else and I wouldn't even know how to point other people
               | in the right direction since I was not the one organising
               | the whole thing.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | It's to an extent just a saying, probably based on it often
             | _feeling_ like that, in that the physical sensations of
             | some feelings are linked to parts of the body.
             | 
             | But specifically with respect to the gut, the gut has a
             | huge number of nerve cells that act like reward neurons,
             | can directly trigger changes to hormone levels, and has a
             | very substantial direct connection to the brain (the vagus
             | nerve), so it's reasonable to say that we do genuinely have
             | "gut feelings".
             | 
             | https://www.science.org/content/article/your-gut-directly-
             | co...
        
             | thinkingemote wrote:
             | good example would be: butterflies in your stomach
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | But that's extremely rare, and it's rare enough that I'm
               | not sure if it's stomach or also includes the chest,
               | because if I have felt something like butterflies I think
               | it's actually more in the chest area or full body.
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | We definitely can. If you go on an elevator and it starts
             | descending you should definitely feel that.
        
             | slfnflctd wrote:
             | There are some cultures/languages in which their word for
             | what most English speakers use "heart" for (as in, source
             | of emotion) is instead the same as their word for
             | "stomach". I want to say this was in Papua New Guinea but I
             | can't remember for sure.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | Weirdly enough we have that in English too - "gut
               | feeling", etc. Languages are weird.
        
             | qup wrote:
             | I'm going to chime in to say something I didn't see anyone
             | else mention, which is that your gut has neurons and it
             | probably can make decisions, aka gut feelings.
             | 
             | https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/news/your-gut-second-
             | brain
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | I understood that people in pre modern times thought of the
         | "me" as the heart. I'm not sure if that meant they thought this
         | was where thinking occurred but where the emotions lived I
         | imagine.
        
           | adastra22 wrote:
           | Or it is simply an observation that when the heart stops, the
           | body ceases to be conscious. The functioning of the brain was
           | not visible without modern tools.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | Maybe this came from being hungry a lot.
        
           | the_gipsy wrote:
           | Even further, the early greeks thought that it's your lungs /
           | chest / breath which is life.
        
           | namaria wrote:
           | Alcmaeon of Croton identified the brain as the seat of
           | thought as early as the 5th century BCE.
        
       | jononomo wrote:
       | So refreshing to see a woman writing comfortably with generic
       | masculine language. The language flows so well.
        
         | yawpitch wrote:
         | And if a woman had instead written in the generic feminine it
         | wouldn't flow well? And, if it didn't, would that not highlight
         | the absurdly oxymoronic idea of generic masculinity?
        
           | PopePompus wrote:
           | I'm just happy anytime I read an extended block of text in
           | which the author doesn't switch back and forth between
           | singular and plural pronouns when referring to one person.
        
             | yawpitch wrote:
             | Sad to say language evolved and they left you behind then,
             | as it's only ever been plural in the sense of a self and
             | _optional_ other(s).
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Let's not go on a generic flamewar tangent please. It's not
         | what this site is for, and destroys what it is for.
         | 
         | We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40479617.
        
           | jononomo wrote:
           | So lame.
        
       | mise_en_place wrote:
       | Very poignant, especially in our age of LLMs. LLMs "speak" with
       | no tongue or mouth, and "hear" with no ears. It is very Masonic,
       | in the sense that LLMs are in a state of unity with opposites.
        
       | zubairq wrote:
       | Amazing article and comments! Makes me think we that we are using
       | the world and our senses as a machine learning algorithm to
       | understand things. I wonder what would happen if AI were given
       | the same inputs?
        
       | kqr wrote:
       | This is as good a place as any for the reminder, so here goes:
       | 
       | The organisation that bears Helen Keller's name does an
       | outstanding job of giving children vitamin A, which helps prevent
       | both blindness and other common diseases like malaria and
       | diarrhea by improving immune systems.[1]
       | 
       | They are frequently rated among the top few when it comes to
       | being able to use donations efficiently. They save a lot of
       | suffering for a little dollars. If you are well paid, I recommend
       | setting aside a small portion of your earnings for charitable
       | purposes. We can do a lot if we focus on the right things.[2]
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/en-US/charities/helen-
       | keller...
       | 
       | [2]: https://two-wrongs.com/why-donate-to-charity
        
       | junto wrote:
       | I think back to my childhood and cannot remember much of it
       | before the age of ten. Small snippets here and there. I certainly
       | can't remember gaining self consciousness or learning to speak.
       | We know that most children do not remember anything from before
       | they are 5-6 years old as adults unless it was an extremely
       | traumatic event.
       | 
       | I wonder then if Helen's experience is because her recognition of
       | the moment of self consciousness came later than most children?
       | 
       | Many years ago I had the random opportunity to do DMT and took
       | it. Whilst I'd never do it again, the experience was without
       | doubt, one of the most profound experiences of my life. It is
       | often described as an ego stripper. The feeling of returning to
       | self consciousness remains with me to this day almost 30 years
       | after that experience. If you've ever watched an old Linux
       | machine boot up, and have the kernel load, watch a credit to
       | Swansea University flick past, before finally being "ready",
       | you'll have some semblance of what being born and coming
       | conscious of oneself, and in the case of DMT, reloading the
       | memory into the hot cache. It takes a while to get back to the
       | "I", and those moments in between are both terrifying and
       | simultaneously freeing and beautiful. Since you've previously
       | just suffered from a brain crash and reboot, it's no wonder.
        
         | loxs wrote:
         | I definitely remember things from around ages 3-4 which are
         | absolutely not traumatic. For example I have fond memories of
         | both my great-grandmothers who both died when I was 4. I
         | remember spending time with them. I also have other memories
         | from that time, just can't be sure about the exact timing. The
         | ones with my great-grandmothers are impossible to be from
         | later.
         | 
         | And I definitely have complex memories from around 5-6 years
         | old, which do qualify as "gaining self consciousness". Of
         | course I can't pinpoint exactly when that was, but it's a
         | significant memory I have... the exact moment when I realized
         | these things.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | I also have many memories from at least when I was 4, maybe
           | earlier.
        
             | genevra wrote:
             | Good, I was reading this thread going "I know I'm not that
             | smart but I remember extremely early memories"
             | 
             | Must be variable per person
        
       | Anotheroneagain wrote:
       | I believe this is not real, but at least a partial fabrication, a
       | propaganda piece meant to advocate for the goodness of
       | schizophrenia. Without schizophrenia, when your neocortex works,
       | things are clear and obvious, like the decision to close the
       | window. When you encounter something new, you figure it out,
       | without having to be drilled, trained, and explicitly educated
       | and having to go through elaborate mental chains to get anywhere,
       | and then geting lost somewhere along the way. It's just how
       | things work, and it's how it is. I remember how I held a camera
       | and I had just no idea what to do, and had to have it explained
       | when I got it shut down. Never again. This is evil.
        
       | robwwilliams wrote:
       | This is fascinating! Thanks. I am thinking about her state as
       | being somewhat like a very intelligent entity without any time
       | bases to use to integrate with the flow of the world.
       | 
       | Humberto Maturano makes the point that humans come into this
       | world within an atemporal system (appendix of Autopoiesis: The
       | Organization of the Living; 1980 ed, p 121-122, ISBN
       | 90-277-1015-5).
       | 
       | This mystified me until reading these insights from the adult and
       | "temporally-embedded" Helen Keller.
       | 
       | Now, and at great risk, we will soon be embedding our meta-LLM
       | systems in time, and given their acquisition of sensory-motor
       | self-control and recursive learning, like Helen Keller, they will
       | quickly bootstrap themselves into our World Commons.
       | 
       | Welcome the new solid state children, a new form of autopoietic
       | machine but potentially many orders of magnitude more capable
       | than we are. I just hope they like and love flowers, birds, bees,
       | humans, and ants.
        
       | jebarker wrote:
       | Does Keller's experience suggest that awareness of a self is a
       | prerequisite for abstract thought and an inner dialogue? If so,
       | it's interesting that (based on my layman interpretation) many
       | forms of mindful meditation are oriented around the idea that the
       | self is an illusion and just an abstract thought itself.
       | 
       | EDIT: thinking about this more you can interpret this experience
       | as evidence that some form of grounding in the outside is
       | necessary for abstract thought. For Keller that had to be
       | language since she didn't have sight and sound.
        
       | d-z-m wrote:
       | For those with whom this resonated, you may also like the
       | writings of Jacques Lusseyran.
       | 
       | Some selections from his works can be heard here[0].
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn4SHdeVz-o
        
         | paulrudy wrote:
         | His autobiography, And There Was Light, and a collection of
         | talks, Against the Pollution of the I, are wonderful
        
       | kingkawn wrote:
       | Sounds great
        
       | murgurglll wrote:
       | Holy shit. If you are working in AI and haven't read this, what
       | are you even doing with your life? Stop and read this now.
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | I find the Helen Keller story literally unbelievable. Like trying
       | to use a computer without a keyboard or mouse.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | Some people even say it is the fakest story they ever heard.
        
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