[HN Gopher] Medieval Bologna was full of tall towers
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Medieval Bologna was full of tall towers
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 138 points
       Date   : 2024-05-23 12:08 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.openculture.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.openculture.com)
        
       | jakub_g wrote:
       | Nowhere as much and as tall, but villages in Georgian mountainous
       | region of Svaneti also used to have many tall towers for
       | defensive purposes. There's still a bunch remaining.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svan_towers
        
       | novaRom wrote:
       | Why did they build them? Any practical advantage to live so high?
        
         | GaggiX wrote:
         | Defense and prestige I imagine. Also the article reports that
         | the towers were mostly "panic rooms", they were not lived in,
         | only used in case of emergency.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | The article asserts (plausibly, but does not justify it) that
         | there is a correlation between land value and structure height,
         | since a higher structure has more floor area to be used in that
         | high value area, while in a low land-value area you can do the
         | same thing by spreading out.
         | 
         | The article is actually quite disappointing as it's really just
         | clickbait content for a video that I have no interest in
         | watching.
        
           | asimpletune wrote:
           | There's a museum here in Bologna that says this was one of
           | the main reasons, along with keeping a lookout for invaders.
           | People built up because there wasn't enough space to build
           | out.
        
           | SJC_Hacker wrote:
           | They mostly were not used as living quarters, except cases of
           | emergency.
           | 
           | Its not like they rented out office space like in downtown
           | Manhattan. Also no factories that required thousands of
           | workers. So I'm not sure the modern analogy of square footage
           | applies.
           | 
           | They fell out of favor by the 16th century. Coincidentally
           | about the same time as cannon starting being very effective.
        
         | peterlk wrote:
         | When we stayed in Bologna for a month, we were told that it was
         | used defensively. You can see a very long ways from the top of
         | the central tower (I think it's closed at the moment). It would
         | have been nearly impossible for an army to approach Bologna
         | without several days for Bologna to prepare
        
           | kratom_sandwich wrote:
           | There's even a HN post about the closure! Indeed, the two
           | most famous towers Garisenda and Asinelli are closed for
           | renovations for the forseeable future. IIRC, they used to be
           | the same height and had a wooden bridge connecting them at
           | the top. From there, guards could oversee the marketplace and
           | look out for riots.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38087256
        
           | ant6n wrote:
           | If you just need it to view far, then why build more than the
           | primary tower, a backup, and perhaps a secondary backup (in a
           | pinch, you don't want to be caught without a secondary
           | backup).
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | It's a combination of that and status. Wealthy families
             | would build tall towers as a way to protect themselves: if
             | you think you're at risk of getting wacked by a disgruntled
             | competitor, you take to live in your tower for a few
             | months, where nobody can sneak in. From that, it became a
             | competition to show off the biggest pen1$-- sorry, tower;
             | and then someone probably figured that the benefit of
             | height could be used for the common good as well,
             | installing city guards on the tallest towers.
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | To add to this, height advantage is enormous in combat.
               | Arguably even more so then than today. A mob trying to
               | storm up a narrow staircase under fire.. there is a
               | strong force multiplier effect.
        
             | seadan83 wrote:
             | Same reason people build those prepper bunkers. The towers
             | were presumably not there for the general public. Consider
             | as well other castles and sieges. There is a limit of how
             | many people would be allowed in, and everyone in a siege
             | needed to pull their weight. Really, once a town is under
             | siege, the castle is closed, when the town walls are
             | breached, the pillaging happens and the castle does not
             | open its gates. My point is that medieval town defense was
             | not really a communal endeavor per se.
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | I lived there for several years and the prevailing notion among
         | the locals seems to be status.
         | 
         | Then again part of being a true citizen of Bologna is to have
         | incorrect information on some of the landmarks there.
        
           | Phrenzy wrote:
           | Is the origin of using the word, baloney, to imply a
           | statement is untruthful?
        
             | llm_trw wrote:
             | According to some citizen of Bologna: Yes.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | I expect it comes from reactions to earlier attempts to
             | pass US-made sausages for actual _mortadella_ (aka "bologna
             | "), as in "that's not Bologna, that's <anglicized
             | distortion of the name>!", which was then shortened to
             | "that's baloney".
        
         | silvanocerza wrote:
         | To show off the wealth and prestige of the family mostly.
         | Usually their houses were right by the towers. The higher the
         | tower, the richer the family obviously.
         | 
         | They were pretty common in every big enough city in Italy at
         | that time.
         | 
         | Another good example would be Perugia. At a certain point it
         | was even called "turrita", literally "of towers". As of now
         | there's only one left, Sciri Tower[0].
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_degli_Sciri?wprov=sfti1#...
        
       | thesagan wrote:
       | That particular illustration is an artistic interpretation of
       | another older illustration. I wish I could place a link for
       | reference right now but I'm using my phone and that's no fun.
       | 
       | There's a YouTube video somewhere that explains all of this and
       | shows a more accurate physical model (or as accurate as can be
       | reasonably expected) that is located somewhere in Bologna, which
       | suggests that there were quite a few towers but not that many and
       | not that tall as shown here. In any case it still had an
       | impressive skyline for its day.
       | 
       | If I remember to do so, I'll come back here and post a link.
        
         | gattilorenz wrote:
         | The youtube video is embedded midway through the article:
         | https://youtu.be/ikg3-GQLg3g
        
         | Beijinger wrote:
         | They looked like this (scroll down)
         | https://www.fontanellestate.com/en/blog/visit-siena-italy-s-...
        
           | darkwater wrote:
           | Mmmh that's San Gimignano? Near Siena, Tuscany. Definitely
           | worth a visit for any tourist in Italy but it's definitely
           | also not Bologna.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | >> I wish I could place a link for reference right now but I'm
         | using my phone and that's no fun.
         | 
         | Isn't that really weird? I realise that most people experience
         | the internet only through their phone browser and social media
         | apps, where it's hard to do many of the common and simple
         | things one can do on a computer, like pasting a link. How is it
         | that those extremely fiddly interfaces have come to be the
         | norm?
        
           | tpmoney wrote:
           | Because they're with us everywhere and conveniently at hand
           | most of the time. A traditional computer, even in laptop
           | form, is comparatively bulky, unwieldy and inconvenient.
           | Laptops don't fit into your pocket, they don't pull out for
           | one handed use while you're waiting in line and they don't
           | slip easily back in once the line starts moving again. To
           | type in text, you need both hands free, and a relatively
           | stable surface to place your laptop on.
           | 
           | Phones trade ease of use for ease of access. They allow
           | people to be online and participating in an online discussion
           | when and where a traditional computer would be prohibitive or
           | inconvenient. And as a trade off those people aren't always
           | able to do (or conveniently do) something they would do on
           | those traditional computers. Most people most of the time
           | seem to find that an acceptable tradeoff. And to be fair to
           | those most people, I write far more than I copy and paste
           | links so it's not unreasonable to find that tradeoff to be
           | acceptable.
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Most people never need to manually copypaste links on a
           | mobile device because they can _share_ links, via the
           | browser's share button, straight to all the apps relevant to
           | them. Use cases like sharing URLs on a legacy non-mobile-
           | oriented web platform such as HN are an extreme outlier. In
           | any case, copying a URL via the browser's  "Share->Copy" or
           | equivalent isn't IMO too onerous a task even compared to C-l
           | C-c.
        
             | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
             | Thanks. Well I don't really use my phone so I don't know
             | all this.
        
       | timmaxw wrote:
       | Note, those pictures depict the towers as about 5x bigger than
       | they actually were.
       | 
       | To get a true sense of scale, here's the same view on Google
       | Earth:
       | https://earth.google.com/web/@44.48152905,11.33820409,94.604...
       | You can see the towers that are still standing. They visibly
       | stick out from the shorter buildings, but they're nowhere near as
       | big as in the picture.
        
         | 2-3-7-43-1807 wrote:
         | I think Google Earth might be more wrong than the illustration.
         | One of the two Towers of Bologna is 97m. On GE it looks less
         | than that. 97m is more than 33 stories.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towers_of_Bologna
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | Why do people attempt to use "stories" as a measurement of
           | height? There is no universal agreement for what a "story"
           | is. 97 meters is in fact 97 meters.
        
             | TulliusCicero wrote:
             | Because it's evocative, it's easier to imagine what it
             | looks like.
        
             | kdazzle wrote:
             | I think the universal agreement is actually to measure
             | things in football fields
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | Now if we could only agree if we should use soccer or
               | handegg field sizes.
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | Handegg, because there's an actual standard size for
               | them.
               | 
               | Which is a worse decision for a sport but makes them
               | better for measurement.
               | 
               | Soccer's trying to make their sport worse by
               | standardizing, but they're not there yet.
        
               | bmacho wrote:
               | It will be more appealing to nerds when they could say
               | "transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom"
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | The number of atomic transitions a cesium 133 atom makes
               | when fired across a football field at the speed of sound.
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | ... in dry air at STP.
        
               | rascul wrote:
               | Which handegg field size though? There is not just one
               | standard. I think we should use the Canadian size, since
               | they created it.
        
               | whiterock wrote:
               | which is also not normalized. A referee once told me that
               | - in theory - football fields can be square. I think it
               | was 80m x 80m since 80m is the minimum length and the
               | maximum width. Correct me if I am wrong.
        
               | madaxe_again wrote:
               | If you're Australian, they can be circular.
        
               | mmcclimon wrote:
               | Field size for American football is definitely
               | standardized: 100 yards between goal lines and 160 feet
               | wide. Lots of Americans will have an intuitive sense for
               | how long something like "three football fields" is.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | But that intuitive size would in fact be wrong. The size
               | we associate with an American football field is more
               | commonly going to be the distance including the end
               | zones.
        
               | croisillon wrote:
               | with a banana for scale
        
             | Mountain_Skies wrote:
             | Going to play the pedantic card and mention that there's
             | also no universal agreement on how to measure a building's
             | height. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat on
             | its own has three different methods and not everyone
             | accepts those as being the correct and true way of
             | measuring the building's height.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | I think everything in the illustration is at least twice too
           | high. The walled part of Bologna was ~1 km in diameter at
           | that time, and the tallest towers were ~10% of that.
           | 
           | The model in Google Earth looks about right, at least if you
           | compare it to this: https://static.bolognawelcome.com/immagin
           | i/ac/57/95/5d/20220...
        
           | timmaxw wrote:
           | Really? I zoomed in on the Towers of Bologna and then used
           | the "measurement" tool to draw a 97m line on the ground. The
           | line seems about as long as the tower is high. If you try
           | that, do you get the same result?
        
         | asimpletune wrote:
         | I live in Bologna. The few towers that remain are all very
         | tall, but the largest one is extremely tall.
         | 
         | It makes more sense if you see them from an opposing hill, but
         | they literally tower.
         | 
         | https://share.icloud.com/photos/042jP_mGA1W1thRhqv3ez4p3w
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | Refuge from or assertion of banditry or other express or implied
       | threat of physical assault is a powerful force underlying the
       | development of much of technology, not only architecture.
       | 
       | In architecture, some of the more interesting I have seen are
       | Guangdong's _Diaolou_ (Diao Lou ) -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaolou - but of course we have
       | castles, bridges, etc. IIRC John Young, architect and Cryptome
       | maintainer, made some interesting studies in to public spaces as
       | "the architecture of control". When you look at mass transit
       | stations, for instance, there are so many control elements which
       | we consider normal - lines, signage, threats of prosecution,
       | physical barriers, choke points, hidden connections, video, etc.
       | - but are actually explicit acknowledgement of risk, danger,
       | threat and control.
       | 
       | But something as simple as staple foods (deriving from settled
       | agriculture and thus central control), or the entire field of
       | logistics, operations research and indeed computing can also be
       | linked directly to force projection.
       | 
       | Truly, we are base creatures.
       | 
       |  _The product of the human brain has escaped the control of human
       | hands. This is the comedy of science._ - Karel Capek (1921),
       | inventor of the term  'robot'
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | That would be crunchy.
        
       | arghtw wrote:
       | Was hoping this was about lunch meat.
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | Is that somehow related?
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | What Americans call baloney, is properly spelled Bologna (
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_sausage ) and named
           | after the city of Bologna. I came here cautiously hoping to
           | find a good meat-based pun, but disappointment is rather the
           | whole experience.
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | Thanks, was not aware of that!
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | I think Americans also use this word for "bullshit" strange
             | enough
        
             | seadan83 wrote:
             | Try reddit instead for the puns!
             | 
             | (My apologies for the snark)
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | I said _good_ puns. I _like_ that bad jokes are punished
               | severely here. Originality is rewarded.
        
         | luckman212 wrote:
         | Also came here for a lively discussion of luncheon meat. Was
         | disappointed.
        
       | fallinditch wrote:
       | There are also towers in the Mani peninsular in Greece. They were
       | built to defend against not only invaders and bandits but also
       | neighbors due to vendettas. A local told me that blood feuds
       | between families could often last for many generations.
       | 
       | http://mani.org.gr/en/pir/towers.htm
        
         | SJC_Hacker wrote:
         | Yes, in that era it was somewhat lawless interfeudal warfare,
         | arguably as big as a threat as those from other
         | kingdoms/empires. The Italian city states would also fight
         | against each other.
         | 
         | I think part of the motivation for the Crusades, was redirect
         | those feuds elsewhere. And it worked somewhat.
        
       | pachico wrote:
       | Allow me to say that if you can, please, go visit Bologna. It's
       | still one of the few places where tourism won't affect much your
       | own experience.
       | 
       | I had the tremendous luck of studying there 25 years ago when you
       | could still bump into Umberto Eco having a coffee at the
       | Students' Bar, when walking via Zamboni agglutinated most of the
       | university life.
        
         | IAmGraydon wrote:
         | I just got back from a vacation to Como, Bologna and Milan. All
         | amazing, but Bologna was the star. We stayed half a block from
         | the Duomo and it was truly spectacular. The food, the people,
         | the architecture...the place literally feels magical.
        
           | pachico wrote:
           | You chose a good season too, as plain summer or winter a a
           | bit extreme.
           | 
           | Glad you liked it, BTW. For some reason I feel I belong
           | there, at least partially. Probably because those were really
           | happy years for me.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | I've heard many places, although I haven't independently verified
       | it, that it wasn't until the invention of the elevator that
       | towers were really valued for what we use them for today and the
       | high floors were often cheaper.
        
         | SJC_Hacker wrote:
         | Towers were mainly defensive structures. A tower would provide
         | a commanding view of the surrounding area, and give archers and
         | missile weapons substantial advantage. They were also somewhat
         | intimidating and a display of wealth/power/prestige.
         | 
         | Like walls they were vulnerable to sapping - digging under the
         | structure and causing it to collapse. More so than walls due to
         | their height. And later, cannon fire. Which is why along with
         | castles they started going out of favour about the 16th
         | century, except as cheap observation posts, such as on borders,
         | and non-military structures such as lighthouses.
         | 
         | As living quarters, much like castles they were not as
         | practical as simpler manor homes. But in a very violent,
         | somewhat lawless era, they were often used by the
         | wealthy/powerful.
        
       | tifik wrote:
       | This topic and why that picture is very misleading is well
       | covered by this video by The Present Past:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikg3-GQLg3g
        
         | atombender wrote:
         | Does nobody on HN read the articles? That exact video is what
         | this article is commenting on.
        
       | alephnerd wrote:
       | The Yemeni city of Shibam is filled with mud high rises that have
       | been around since the 1500s [0].
       | 
       | I'd assume medieval Bologna was similar.
       | 
       | [0] - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibam
        
         | Loic wrote:
         | Thank you for the link, normally I just "upvote" a good
         | comment, but here, I really recommend others to look at the
         | Wikipedia page, especially the first "View of Shibam" in the
         | gallery at the bottom. I would have never though it was
         | possible to build that high with mud bricks.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | I recommend checking out the ruins that litter Northern
           | Arizona as well then.
           | 
           | The indigenous civilization there (before it collapsed in the
           | 1200s and its survivors migrated south and became the Aztec)
           | built multi-storied pueblos, a number of which were even
           | built into the rock.
           | 
           | If you're ever out around Coconico and Flagstaff, you're in
           | for an absolute treat.
        
       | MISTERJerk2U wrote:
       | For a moment I thought this headline was about the lunchmeat,
       | often spelled as "baloney."
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | You ain't wrong. The lunchable's favorite has it's origins from
         | Bologna.
        
       | guilhas wrote:
       | Funny that with the rise of "hidden history" "mud floods"
       | channels like MyLunchBreak which show a lot of this historical
       | uncanny or not well known paintings/pictures, more accurate
       | history sources are also coming out to explain them
       | 
       | But seeing ideas and opportunities of 500 years ago, that took
       | dozens of years to take off, might help us better understand the
       | opportunities we have now
       | 
       | Aisha Ray - The Flying Train of Tartaria (electric)
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9nhe9mPHKLI
        
       | holoduke wrote:
       | A bit off topic. But lately i see in my social cocaine feeds a
       | lot of ai generated content with a few days ago exactly this
       | example with an image of zillion towers. Obviously AI generated.
       | But the point is. I dont even know anymore what is real or not.
       | Is this site real or also a fake AI story?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-05-26 23:01 UTC)