[HN Gopher] Why did Tom Lehrer swap fame for obscurity?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why did Tom Lehrer swap fame for obscurity?
        
       Author : f_allwein
       Score  : 249 points
       Date   : 2024-05-22 11:44 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
       | I saw "Tomfoolery," a Lehrer revue, in 1980 or 1981 in SF. The
       | actor singing "The Elements" had a periodic table and a pointer.
       | He identified every element in time and at tempo without missing
       | a one. Impressive.
        
         | f_allwein wrote:
         | Check out https://tomlehrersongs.com/albums/ - he put all his
         | works into public domain.
        
           | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
           | Yes, indeed. Bookmarked that a while ago!
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Daniel Radcliffe sang it on Graham Norton, introducing Tom
         | Lehrer to a crowd who didn't know him.
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rSAaiYKF0cs
        
           | space_oddity wrote:
           | When I saw that video back then my jaw dropped.Was fascinated
           | by it
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | Radcliffe's geek cred was a factor in his casting as the
             | title character in _Weird:The Al Yankovic Story_.
        
               | sp332 wrote:
               | He said it was this specific performance that convinced
               | Weird Al that he was the right guy. Also the movie is
               | great.
        
           | eichin wrote:
           | Wow. (Without the piano line it's clearly a lot harder to get
           | in the pauses to breathe, even the comically large one that's
           | in the original performance.)
           | 
           | Back in the 80's, the MIT freshman chemistry class had A
           | Thing where if you'd stand up in the lecture hall and sing
           | The Elements, you'd get extra credit (I think it was an
           | automatic A on the first quiz? something small.) I'd already
           | placed out, but helped one of my housemates practice, which
           | was fun (he did succeed, on the day.)
        
             | I_am_uncreative wrote:
             | I remember singing this in my 8th grade physics class in
             | middle school for extra credit. Circa 2007.
        
           | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
           | I acknowledge the effort but this didn't quite land for me.
           | Don't know the performer or the tv show; the lava lamp
           | background was distracting.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | He was Harry Potter in all the films, so I assume he's one
             | of the best-known actors in the world.
        
               | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
               | Ah, thanks. I've not seen the movies or read the books.
        
               | konstantinua00 wrote:
               | ...username checks out?
        
               | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
               | Can't spell "Ok, boomer" without "me".
        
         | rkangel wrote:
         | Some years ago I did a production of Gilbert and Sullivan (I
         | think Ruddigore - I've done a few). We had a talent night, and
         | one of the guys did "The Elements" at full tempo while also
         | solving a Rubiks cube and had it done before the end of the
         | song.
         | 
         | It put all the rest of our "talents" to shame!
        
       | mannyv wrote:
       | "Life is like a sewer - what you get out of it depends on what
       | you put into it."
       | 
       | Truer words have never been sung.
        
         | gjm11 wrote:
         | Those words haven't (so far as I know) been sung either:
         | they're from one of his spoken preambles, not from any of the
         | songs.
         | 
         | (The preambles are generally at least as funny as the songs, at
         | least in my estimation.)
        
           | walterbell wrote:
           | From https://tomlehrersongs.com/we-will-all-go-together-when-
           | we-g...
        
           | mannyv wrote:
           | I wouldn't call what he does singing given the normal meaning
           | of the phrase.
        
             | walterbell wrote:
             | mini-musical?
        
             | gjm11 wrote:
             | That seems unfair. He is (or at least was when he was doing
             | it -- he's 96 years old now) a very competent singer and
             | pianist. He's not particularly trying to make a beautiful
             | sound, but there's more to singing than _that_.
        
               | mannyv wrote:
               | Even he has said that calling what he was doing 'singing'
               | would be generous.
        
               | gjm11 wrote:
               | Well, yes, self-deprecating humour is a thing, but
               | there's a difference between Tom Lehrer pretending he
               | can't really sing and someone else claiming he can't
               | really sing.
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | Tom Lehrer is one of my musical heroes, and I listen to his songs
       | regularly to this day. My hat's off to you, Mr. Lehrer.
       | 
       | Having known a couple of very famous people and seeing what that
       | brought to them, I'd prefer obscurity. I don't know if that's
       | related to his decision-making, of course.
        
       | jcalvinowens wrote:
       | I've made a simple archive of the work Lehrer released to the
       | public domain: https://github.com/jcalvinowens/tomlehrer-archive
       | 
       | The text on his website suggests it won't be around for long. The
       | archive is a git repo, you can help out by hosting it somewhere.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | Just cloned it. Thanks for doing this!
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer DAT Recordings_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38778749 - Dec 2023 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _That 's Mathematics - Tom Lehrer Songs_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38471908 - Nov 2023 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer puts all music and lyrics in public domain_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34038206 - Dec 2022 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Looking for Tom Lehrer, Comedy 's Mysterious Genius_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34034896 - Dec 2022 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer has released all of his songs into the public
       | domain_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34024968 - Dec
       | 2022 (130 comments)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer - We Will All Go Together When We Go_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30509279 - March 2022 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer - So Long, Mom (A Song for World War III, 1967)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30496103 - Feb 2022 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer on Kurt Weill 's Broadway Music (1999)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27743713 - July 2021 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer Puts His Music into the Public Domain_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24882384 - Oct 2020 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer releases song lyrics to public domain_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24833683 - Oct 2020 (132
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer 's Mathematical Songs (1951)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24279151 - Aug 2020 (44
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer's memorable "Revue" session_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18036813 - Sept 2018 (6
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer at 90: a life of scientific satire_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16774608 - April 2018 (83
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Looking for Tom Lehrer, Comedy 's Mysterious Genius_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10684409 - Dec 2015 (3
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10675682 -
       | Dec 2015 (32 comments)
       | 
       |  _Tom Lehrer 's last (math) class (2001)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1914399 - Nov 2010 (1
       | comment)
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | Around age 70, "A Conversation with Tom Lehrer",
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20210307035012/http://www.paul-l...
       | 
       |  _> This winter I 'm just going to do a math course. I'm doing a
       | three-unit, as opposed to five-unit course on infinity, which
       | I've never done before. I'm planning to study like crazy. It's
       | for non-math majors. I'm trying to bring in the fact that
       | infinity is when things get complicated. In calculus, algebra,
       | probability, geometry, everything, so I'm trying to learn things
       | like how perspective drawing uses infinity. So that'll take me
       | three months. They won't appreciate it, but I will. I'll have fun
       | with it. I've been teaching a course for non-mathematicians for
       | years, and a lot of the stuff has already been covered there._
       | 
       | 1997 math lecture performance (13m), including "That's
       | Mathematics" for kids,
       | https://archive.org/details/lehrer/lehrer_high.wmv
        
         | walterbell wrote:
         | Another Tom Lehrer interview clip (1994, age 65),
         | http://www.crazycollege.org/lehrer.html                 GEO: I
         | was surprised to learn that you enlisted in the Army back in
         | 1955.            TOM LEHRER: That's one way of putting it, but
         | probably not the appropriate verb. The point is that they were
         | drafting people up to the age of 35. So I dodged the draft for
         | as long as anybody was shooting at anybody. And then when I
         | realized that I would have to go -- there was really no way out
         | of it except getting an essential full time job, which I didn't
         | really want to do -- I waited until everything was calm and
         | then surrendered to the draft board. I wouldn't call it
         | "enlist". "Enlist" means that you have to spend another year. I
         | allowed myself to be drafted. I was 27 at the time and there
         | were a lot of graduate students who were like me who had gotten
         | deferred as graduate students and now had to pay up. So it was
         | a kind of an odd group there, a lot of educated people in my
         | "outfit", I believe is the word. And we had a lot of fun. So I
         | did that for two years in Washington DC and had a great time --
         | especially since there was no war -- though vice president
         | Nixon was trying to get us into one in Indo-China even then. So
         | there was that little threat. And there was Suez and a few
         | other little things that looked a little tricky. But it didn't
         | look like there was going to be a real war. So it seemed to be
         | safe to go in. And I'm sure that a lot of my cohort felt the
         | same way.            GEO: And what did you do?            TOM
         | LEHRER: It was NSA. I think I'm allowed to say that now. I
         | asked around before I surrender to be sure that I would not be
         | in special services or something playing volleyball with the
         | troops in Korea. I wanted to make sure that I got a nice cushy
         | job. We were called "The Chair Borned". And I found out that
         | they were hiring mathematicians. So I arranged to be hired.
         | GEO: Do you find that your training as a mathematician
         | influenced your song writing. Writing a song seems to me to be
         | like creating a puzzle.            TOM LEHRER: Not Mathematics
         | itself, but the kind of mind that likes mathematic. Stephen
         | Sondheim has that kind of mind. He was a mathematics major in
         | college, too. Having that kind of a mind, you look for
         | organization, and rhyming, and pattern, and prosody -- all
         | those things that are fun to do in a song, rather than -- which
         | is what a lot of comedy songs are -- just couplets. Working all
         | that out, if not "mathematical", is at least "logical".
         | GEO: As a mathematician did you ever make any brilliant
         | discoveries?            TOM LEHRER: Oh,nonono. I have no desire
         | to extend the frontier of human knowledge; retract them, if
         | anything. I like to teach it and I like to think about it, but
         | that's about it.
         | 
         | https://tomlehrersongs.com/it-makes-a-fellow-proud-to-be-a-s...
        
           | shrubble wrote:
           | An interesting cross reference might be to Futurama, which
           | apparently has a lot of math majors among the writers of the
           | show: https://cs.appstate.edu/sjg/futurama/degrees.html
        
             | alickz wrote:
             | Also the writers famously created a mathematical theorem
             | just for an episode of Futurama
             | 
             | https://theinfosphere.org/Futurama_theorem
        
           | mvkel wrote:
           | I always appreciate how rigorously truthful most
           | mathematicians are.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | I took this class (in '97 IIRC), it was called "Nature of
         | Math". I took it because I loved his songs and wanted to take a
         | few math classes that weren't very hard. (from a comment I made
         | a few years ago on a previous thread: Wonderful course and his
         | delivery was excellent. I almost ended up being the TA the next
         | quarter. It was my introduction to many things, including
         | birthday paradox and analytic solutions for tertiary
         | equations.)
        
           | stogot wrote:
           | Is this class online somewhere? Did a brief search but his
           | "new math" song is all I found
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | Years ago, I recorded a series of videos to teach the
         | fundamentals of math rigorously to beginners who may not know
         | anything about it.
         | 
         | One of the episodes is called "Sets and Infinity". Lots of my
         | friends watched it and I got a lot of positive feedback, they
         | subscribed to the channel! It takes one hour, not three months.
         | Check it out.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/xzaqERDWt9Q?si=cy1x9iVdem9KjdMM
         | 
         | If you watch it -- please tell me what you thought! Anything
         | good/bad etc.
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | Although, as the article notes, he did glancingly dip his toe
       | back in a couple of times but my impression was that he was just
       | ready close that chapter. Even requests from close friends fell
       | on deaf ears.
        
       | doktrin wrote:
       | I can't pretend to know the man's mind but I always got the vibe
       | he didn't really feel at home in the cultural landscape of the
       | late 60s and onwards
       | 
       | Personally I think his contributions would be welcome in any era,
       | and either way "this is the year that was" is a certified banger
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I grew up listening to him.
       | 
       | He seems to be personally, very happy.
       | 
       | That's something that I find inspirational.
        
         | throwaway5752 wrote:
         | I have to think "swapping fame for obscurity" is a large part
         | of that happiness.
         | 
         | "Tom Lehrer Is Teaching Math and Doesn't Want to Talk to You",
         | brilliant.
        
       | space_oddity wrote:
       | Lehrer has often expressed that he didn't enjoy the lifestyle
       | that came with fame
        
       | jrockway wrote:
       | I still have some Tom Lehrer songs in my playlist. They sound
       | like they're a product of their time but are still relevant
       | today.
       | 
       | I am also amused that I learned "new math" in elementary school,
       | but I think it's actually different from the "new math" in his
       | song of that name. I didn't hate it, honestly. "Now the book
       | wants you to do it in base 8." This is actually relevant to my
       | day to day work. (Though in base 8, I have to say that I only
       | ever use bitmasks. chmod 755 foobar)
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | New Math was a response to the Soviet lead in the space race.
         | It was thought that introducing more abstract concepts, like
         | different bases and set theory, would help kids grok math more.
         | 
         | It was a fool's game. Just like every other "innovation" in
         | mathematics education since, up to and including Common Core
         | (one of which you probably encountered). At the elementary
         | school level, the only way to increase math proficiency is
         | drilling. Drill the basic math facts and standard algorithms
         | until the kid knows them by heart and can do problems as easily
         | as breathing. Only then will they be ready for the higher
         | level, conceptual stuff.
         | 
         | The Soviets were ahead in math and science because they drilled
         | their kids harder. Any kid who didn't want to drill was a
         | traitor to the working class. (Were I a right-wing conspiracy
         | theorist, I'd say New Math and its successors were Soviet
         | psyops designed to sabotage math education in order to weaken
         | the west. Instead I think it's more likely a psyop by the
         | bourgeoisie to make us more compliant and exploitable slaves
         | through mass innumeracy.)
         | 
         | No surprise, then, that today, when Americans really want their
         | kids to learn math, they use the curriculum from a country
         | where they cane you for minor infractions. They use Singapore
         | Math. Math is hard, and hard things can only be mastered
         | through discipline.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I think I'm too old for common core (39). It was "Chicago
           | Math" or something like that. We did multiplication by making
           | a 2x2 grid with diagonal lines and whatnot? I didn't really
           | understand the simplification that much; my parents taught me
           | the old way well before I encountered this in school.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | To be fair, New Math is a perfect intro to graduate-level*
           | maths; it's just a poor fit for people who (because they
           | don't have calculators? or even slide rules?) would like
           | their children's maths courses to cover arithmetic.
           | 
           | (I had a geometry teacher who had been excited because his
           | daughter wanted him to sign something saying she'd be allowed
           | to take "Sets Education". Imagine, finally sets being
           | introduced at the Jr High level! ... and then he realised
           | he'd misheard: there was an "x" at the end of the first word)
           | 
           | Lagniappe: https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/why-i-
           | couldn39t-be-a-math-...
           | 
           | * or undergraduate discrete maths, of the sort you'd want for
           | any halfway decent CS programme. I'm _glad_ I got a cheap
           | 'n'cheerful intro to lattices in 5th grade.
        
             | jacoblambda wrote:
             | New math was actually pretty successful at the lower
             | grades. The issue was that when it came to rolling it out
             | to middle and high schools, they just kind of said "here's
             | the textbook, figure it out" instead of going through a
             | coordinated process of teaching the teachers while helping
             | them develop their new curricula (which they did for
             | elementary school).
             | 
             | So you had this really ugly failure of teachers not really
             | necessarily being prepared to teach the material combined
             | with the rush to roll out the curriculum across the board
             | instead of expanding it year by year so there wouldn't be a
             | sudden change in expected education.
        
               | InfiniteRand wrote:
               | I have a theory that the enthusiasm of teachers teaching
               | the material is a far bigger factor in the effectiveness
               | of learning than the methods. So much so that any
               | advantage from better methods gets quickly nullified
               | without teacher buy in
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | I have an anecdotal theory that most people who came
               | prepared to a STEM programme in the States last century
               | did so despite, not due to, the modal 7-12 teaching. (if
               | true, I hope it no longer is?)
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Most teachers in the states did poorly in math, and never
               | loved it. They in turn can't pass a love of math on. They
               | are good enough at math to pass the tests, but that isn't
               | why they are teaching.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | That's why the US can get stuck in such educational ruts.
               | There are too many teachers who don't have the in-depth
               | understanding to alter their teaching methods to
               | approaches other than the one they memorized in education
               | college.
        
               | tpmoney wrote:
               | Every single teacher I remember as being influential on
               | me in any significant was was hugely enthusiastic for
               | their subject and the material. No matter how hard or
               | easy the class was, that enthusiasm was definitely the
               | biggest contributing factor to how much of an impact they
               | had on me. One of the only classes I ever really
               | struggled with was a government / civics class. The
               | teacher assigned difficult work and graded hard. But they
               | were enthusiastic, firmly convinced that the key to
               | understanding US government and politics was
               | understanding the sides and arguments in the major
               | landmark Supreme Court cases. So convinced of this were
               | they, that many classes were spent with them
               | enthusiastically recreating oral arguments for various
               | cases. Presenting both halves of them as if they were the
               | lawyers, and leaving us to ask questions about the
               | positions and the arguments.
               | 
               | To this day, that enthusiasm for those cases, for
               | understanding both how each side of these cases is both
               | convinced they're in the right and how often the cases
               | pivot on very narrow aspects of the law has carried over
               | for me decades later. Those lessons and the insights have
               | shaped not only my passing interests in law and politics,
               | but how I approach day to day conflict and debate.
               | 
               | If they had been unenthusiastic and dry, like so many
               | other teachers I'd had, theirs would have been just
               | another boring US history class with a jerk of a
               | "difficult" teacher.
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | I've always thought his description of the principle behind
           | the New Math was priceless: "In the new approach, as you
           | know, the point is to understand what you're doing, _rather
           | than_ to get the right answer. "
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | Is that a bad thing? I don't make a lot of arithmetic
             | errors in M-x calc or whatever.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> Is that a bad thing?_
               | 
               | It's a bad thing if you never learn how to actually get
               | the right answer. Which unfortunately seemed to be a
               | common consequence of the New Math as a teaching method.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Why? The objective is understanding, not getting the
               | rightsl answer, because you will never do a long
               | multiplication in your life since a 3$ chip does it in a
               | tenth of a microsecond
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'm probably not going to multiply two 5 digit numbers
               | together on paper much less do long division but I
               | certainly do smaller scale mental arithmetic all the
               | time.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> The objective is understanding, not getting the
               | rightsl answer_
               | 
               | I would argue that if your "understanding" doesn't
               | actually enable you to get the right answer, you don't
               | really understand.
               | 
               |  _> you will never do a long multiplication in your life
               | since a 3$ chip does it in a tenth of a microsecond_
               | 
               | And how do you know the chip's answers are accurate?
               | 
               | Or what if you want to _design_ the chip?
               | 
               | Or what if there's an EMP and all of the chips are fried?
               | 
               | More generally, if you're satisfied with just some
               | conceptual-level "understanding" of _anything_ that doesn
               | 't actually enable you to tell right answers from wrong,
               | you are setting yourself up to be manipulated, misled,
               | conned, etc. Critical thinking is a valuable life skill,
               | and it requires you to be able to tell right from wrong
               | answers.
        
           | XMPPwocky wrote:
           | > Math is hard, and hard things can only be mastered through
           | discipline.
           | 
           | There are certainly some things you can only learn
           | effectively by _doing them a lot_. There are also other
           | things that you 've sort of got to learn by rote memorization
           | (e.g. times tables, various formulas). I'm not aware of
           | anything you can only learn effectively by _the threat of
           | physical violence_.
           | 
           | For what it's worth, I was taught logic and set theory well
           | before I learned things like long division. Somehow, it made
           | me like math more, and I had no problems with long division
           | either. Maybe it might have helped more if I'd been beaten
           | though- not sure.
        
             | woooooo wrote:
             | You really don't think so? Personally, threats of physical
             | violence are very persuasive. Yeah I'll memorize that
             | multiplication table.
        
           | 7402 wrote:
           | I was in elementary school in the early 1960s. We had New
           | Math. We learned set theory and how to do arithmetic in any
           | base from 2 to 10.
           | 
           | It was fun for a budding math geek. However I kept failing
           | miserably at the tests of memorization of the multiplication
           | table. I knew how to add, so I didn't see the point of
           | memorizing something that I could simply derive by repeated
           | addition.
        
           | petsormeat wrote:
           | I have lingering bitterness for the irresponsible New Math
           | experiment in my elementary education. I couldn't tell time
           | on an analog clock until I was 12, thanks to the blithe
           | dismissal of "rote" multiplication tasks.
        
             | dj_mc_merlin wrote:
             | Just out of interest and if it's not too personal, what's
             | your age/generation? I'm in my mid twenties and I don't
             | have any peers that couldn't more or less always read
             | analog clocks as far as they remember.
             | 
             | edit: I just googled it and apparently New Math was during
             | the 1950s-1970s. This confuses me even further since
             | reading an analog clock seems even more important in those
             | times?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I certainly learned New Math in the sixties. And neither
               | myself nor anyone else I knew had any trouble with analog
               | clocks which is most of what existed.
        
             | contrast wrote:
             | I'm fascinated - I've never thought of reading the time as
             | a maths skill. How does it depend on learning
             | multiplication?
             | 
             | (non-American here, I may be lacking context that makes it
             | obvious)
        
               | Angostura wrote:
               | I guess the 5 times table for counting minutes?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | It doesn't; multiplication isn't involved at all.
               | 
               | The only skill required is remembering that the shorter
               | hand is hours and the longer hand is minutes.
               | 
               | https://images.thdstatic.com/productImages/f220d887-1a05-
               | 418...
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | Of course it's involved!
               | 
               | Hour 6 is also minute 30. There's some arithmetic for
               | you! Six times five, if you like, or six times ten
               | divided by two if you prefer.
               | 
               | Many don't have numbers at all, so you'll need to build a
               | good intuition for fractions and converting those to
               | hours and minutes if you want to read them fast. Most of
               | us do it so automatically we don't notice, but some of
               | that's plausibly fraction multiplication.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | No, the usual case, where the minutes aren't printed on
               | the clock itself, is that you've memorized the positions
               | of :00, :15, :30, and :45, and you report the time by
               | reference to that.
        
           | gopher_space wrote:
           | Are you involved with studying pedagogy as it relates to math
           | at a graduate level? If so, where and how long ago?
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | > Just like every other "innovation" in mathematics education
           | since, up to and including Common Core
           | 
           | Have you actually looked into it? I was skeptical too, but
           | then I saw they were trying to teach kids the way I do math.
           | For example, what's 4001 - 3989. The old way would be to
           | borrow and carry three times. But change question to
           | 1+4000-3990+1 and the answer is perfectly simple. Kids I went
           | to school with would literally write out 43-39 with 13-9 and
           | 3-3. Maybe they're just dumb, but you don't have to be a whiz
           | to use these techniques if someone shows you them.
           | 
           | I hope they're still doing some times table memorization.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | The easy ways work for easy problems. But the harder ways
             | work for all problems. I've used a lot of that shortcut
             | math before it was allowed in class. I probably would have
             | been better off just doing it the regular way, especially
             | so I wouldn't get points off for not showing my work or
             | showing the wrong work.
        
               | MrJohz wrote:
               | At least in the UK, where we also learned these sorts of
               | arithmetic tricks, we still learned the "harder ways".
               | The point of these techniques wasn't to replace long
               | multiplication or something, but more as shortcuts so we
               | didn't have to do it if we didn't need to, and we could
               | simplify problems if we saw a better way to do them.
               | 
               | We also practiced this stuff regularly, and had mental
               | maths quizzes at least once a week. And (at least when we
               | weren't learning a specific technique), it didn't matter
               | how we did the calculations, so if you felt more
               | comfortable with the traditional methods, you could do
               | that, you were usually just slower. (I was one of those
               | slower people very often!)
               | 
               | The point isn't to go "here's how you do maths, it's
               | always like this". It's about (a) helping you do
               | arithmetic more quickly, and (b) helping you understand
               | why numbers behave the way they do, in terms of bases and
               | pairs and factors and other things like that.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | They don't have to _" work"_ as in "be an efficient pen
               | and paper algorithm", because the far more efficient
               | algorithms is "use a computer"! They have to be _good to
               | build understanding and intuition_ , and e.g. presenting
               | subtraction as "distance on the real line" is an
               | excellent way to do this.
               | 
               | I did not expect this short-sighted way to look at maths
               | education here in this website.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | Implementation is terrible though. The only explanation I
             | have for the _terrible_ tests given at my kids ' schools is
             | that they are to test the teachers not the students.
             | 
             | For example, the curriculum indicates a teacher must teach
             | 4 strategies for multiplication. Totally reasonable. But
             | then the test will have questions like "Perform this
             | multiplication using strategy _foo_ " which seems like
             | putting the cart before the horse. Isn't the whole point of
             | teaching multiple strategies is so that at least one
             | sticks?
             | 
             | [edit]
             | 
             | And no, they aren't doing times (nor even addition)
             | memorization in school. We did them at home and the
             | benefits were absurd.
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | > Have you actually looked into it?
             | 
             | I've had three kids go through the early grades with it. I
             | was on the fence at first. It turned out to be awful. The
             | kids hate it. We hate it. There's weird unhelpful bullshit
             | vocabulary everywhere ("let's use 'number sentence' in
             | kindergarten before we've taught kids what a regular
             | sentence is, _that'll_ surely help!"). Solving the same
             | problem five ways which is infuriating to a kid who "gets
             | it" already and has been very harmful to their opinion of
             | school in general. Their deeper mathematical understanding
             | doesn't seem to be any more advanced than mine was in
             | elementary school, which was supposed to be the point, and
             | we're having to supplement the "bad" stuff like
             | multiplication tables so they're not lacking the very most
             | important math skills in every day life and needed to make
             | actual progress on wrapping one's head around even simple
             | stuff like, say, algebra involving fractions.
             | 
             | Terrible, way worse than even my more-pessimistic guesses
             | would have been.
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | > The Soviets were ahead in math and science because they
           | drilled their kids harder. Any kid who didn't want to drill
           | was a traitor to the working class.
           | 
           | That was not how the Soviet schools worked. There was no
           | corporal punishment, and struggling students were given help.
           | 
           | Instead, it was quite competitive. There was a system of
           | academic competitions ("Olympiads") that went all the way up
           | from schools to the international level. Students were
           | encouraged to compete.
           | 
           | At the same time, school sports competitions were pretty much
           | absent.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | One thing that struck me as very different in classroom
             | scenes is that we* were always to avoid giving each other
             | help, but I get the impression soviets were supposed to aid
             | each other.
             | 
             | Punchline 1: (little Johnny sent to the principal after
             | making a comment about physical attributes of the teacher
             | instead of Pushkin's next line, says to the visiting
             | teacher evaluators) "Next time, sirs, when you don't know,
             | don't prompt!"
             | 
             | Punchline 2: (a former maths prof turned shipbuilder,
             | trying to coast, read literature, and earn some extra cash
             | in "maths for the proletariat" evening school, is stuck at
             | the brownboard having calculated a negative circumference
             | of a circle = -2pr; his classmate helps) "Psst, colleague,
             | swap order of integration!"
             | 
             | Lagniappe:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VogwWGEO1-c&t=10574s
             | 
             | * I distinctly remember being taught the "right" way to
             | raise hands in 4th grade, and in particular placing one's
             | elbow on the desk and putting a forearm perpendicular to it
             | was "wrong". Imagine my surprise upon discovering, many
             | decades later, that they for sure didn't want us somehow
             | (despite the iron curtain -- as if we'd had had a clue
             | anyway) copying soviet classroom protocol.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | Counterpoint: I was bought up before new math and completely
           | bewildered by maths at school. As far as I could tell it was
           | just a set of magical and arbitrary operations that I had to
           | learn by heart, with no inkling as to what was going on.
           | There was nothing there I could _understand_ no framework my
           | brain could hang things on and I completely failed.
           | 
           | New math sounds like it would have been idea for me.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | Amazing how this comment is diametrically opposed to the
           | truth :) It's in fact the very contrary! "Drilling maths"
           | into kids is how you get everyone except the most pre-
           | disposed to "hate maths" with a passion. Because they grow up
           | thinking mathematics is deathly boring busy work of repeating
           | the same busy-work ad nauseum. Teaching rote memorization is
           | useless _and_ wastes time that could better be used exploring
           | ideas and concepts and abstractions and all that makes
           | mathematics beautiful.
           | 
           | I recommend reading "A Mathematician's Lament" https://maa.or
           | g/sites/default/files/pdf/devlin/LockhartsLame...
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | I am deeply suspicious of this POV because in my actual
             | experience it was precisely when we shifted from "apply
             | this thing" to something more like _real_ math that
             | classmates started to give up on math entirely. They may
             | not have liked it before, but that didn't mean they were
             | bad at it. The anger and resentment and resistance to math
             | came later, when we were past arithmetic and drilling
             | (which were also by far the most useful parts of our
             | primary and secondary school math education, in actual
             | life, for most people)
             | 
             | [edit] my suspicion is because it's both entirely contrary
             | to my experience, and always seems to come from people who
             | like math so much that they majored in it and started to
             | really _love_ it right around the time the folks I'm
             | thinking of above--a far larger set--have decided not just
             | that they dislike math, but that they can't do it and also
             | that hardly matters because it seems to be pointless.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | I can guarantee you that Lockhart drilled in the basic
             | arithmetic problems until he knew his times tables and such
             | by heart. He _couldn 't_ do things like algebra without
             | this fundamental knowledge ingrained into the fiber of his
             | being.
             | 
             | You can't play a Chopin sonata, at least not smoothly and
             | beautifully, without having played lots of boring scales
             | and finger exercises. And you can't get to the fun,
             | creative, beautiful bits of mathematics without having
             | drilled in the fundamentals. Not unless you're Gauss or
             | somebody.
        
         | harry8 wrote:
         | Octal is essential in x86 assembly encodings. They make little
         | sense in hex.
         | 
         | https://gist.github.com/seanjensengrey/f971c20d05d4d0efc0781...
        
         | randycupertino wrote:
         | I love his Harvard fight song. So genteel! Impress them with
         | your prowess, do. Hurl that spheroid down the field!
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27PSHASlGUU
         | 
         | He nails the Boston Brahmin accent so perfectly lol.
         | 
         | And of course the elements song is a total banger.
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2cfju6GTNs
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > And of course the elements song is a total banger.
           | 
           | That's an odd one to mention; he has nothing to do with its
           | musical qualities. He didn't compose it.
        
             | arcticfox wrote:
             | But he did an excellent job of pairing the elements to the
             | song.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Is that what we're appreciating when we call the song a
               | "banger"? Most people _who like the song_ don 't know the
               | words.
        
               | zoky wrote:
               | Yeah, well, I _do_ know the words, and I can confirm that
               | it's a banger.
               | 
               | Antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium...
               | 
               | Of course, I only know the lyrics due to the fact that I
               | am the very model of a modern major-general...
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Getting 80% of the first line of the song isn't the
               | strongest possible evidence that you know the words.
               | 
               | But regardless, how much do you think you'd enjoy
               | listening to the words absent the music?
               | 
               | Tom Lehrer has plenty of clever wordplay going on, of
               | various types in different songs. _When You Are Old And
               | Gray_ has a fun example of wording for the sake of
               | wording.
               | 
               | But I don't think wording is a strength of _The
               | Elements_.
        
         | 123894893 wrote:
         | The song "New Math" is actually funny to listen to, I think
         | most people don't pay attention to what's happening in it. In
         | the first verse, he's mocking the idea of teaching kids the
         | concept of borrowing, as if it's a bizarre and confusing
         | concept that almost no one would understand. He was completely
         | wrong, of course, and it's the way almost everyone - at least
         | in the U.S. - does subtraction now.
         | 
         | The "right" way that he presents at the beginning of the song
         | is a way that I've never encountered anyone doing. It's
         | actually fairly interesting:
         | 
         | > Consider the following subtraction problem, which I will put
         | up here: 342 minus 173. Now, remember how we used to do
         | that...Three from two is nine, carry the one, and if you're
         | under 35 or went to a private school you say seven from three
         | is six but if you're over 35 and went to a public school you
         | say eight from four is six, and carry the one, and we have 169.
         | 
         | "Three from 2 is 9, carry the one"; it seems to be a completely
         | algorithmic way of doing the calculation, where you end up with
         | the right answer at the end, but it's completely detached from
         | what's actually happening. Tom Lehrer - a math teacher, it
         | should be noted - was mocking the idea of teaching people what
         | was actually happening with subtraction. We see a similar thing
         | today, where people mock the idea of teaching math concepts
         | with Common Core because they think people should just use an
         | algorithm to get the answer, even if they don't understand
         | what's happening.
        
           | RheingoldRiver wrote:
           | Wait is he actually criticizing it in this song? I always
           | thought that he was mocking people who _didn 't_ understand
           | borrowing by sounding disbelieving about it, when it's in
           | fact obvious how & why it works
        
             | 123894893 wrote:
             | Yes, he's mocking the idea of teaching borrowing. He gives
             | the way he thinks subtraction should be taught in the
             | intro. It's a way that, as far as I can tell, hasn't been
             | taught in America in over half a century. After the intro,
             | he goes on to mock the concept of borrowing, which was
             | (apparently) part of New Math. Then in the final verse he
             | mocks the idea of teaching bases.
             | 
             | Here's a good animated version of the song that shows the
             | different methods. You'll notice that the "silly" New Math
             | method is the way that makes sense to Americans today, and
             | the "simple" method preferred by Lehrer is very confusing
             | for anyone who's not used to it:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIKGV2cTgqA
             | 
             | Here's more of the intro which makes it clear what's going
             | on. My explanations in brackets:
             | 
             | > Some of you who have small children may have perhaps been
             | put in the embarrassing position of being unable to do your
             | child's arithmetic homework because of the current
             | revolution in mathematics teaching known as the "New Math".
             | 
             | > So as a public service here tonight, I thought I would
             | offer a brief lesson in the New Math. Tonight, we're gonna
             | cover subtraction.
             | 
             | [ New Math is confusing, and he's going to go over how
             | confusing it is in a humorous way.]
             | 
             | > Consider the following subtraction problem, which I will
             | put up here: 342 minus 173. Now, remember how we used to do
             | that...
             | 
             | > Three from two is nine, carry the one, and if you're
             | under 35 or went to a private school you say seven from
             | three is six but if you're over 35 and went to a public
             | school you say eight from four is six, and carry the one,
             | and we have 169.
             | 
             | [This is how it was done before the confusing New Math, the
             | "right" way to do it. "Three from two is nine, carry the
             | one."]
             | 
             | > But in the new approach, as you know, the important thing
             | is to understand what you're doing rather than to get the
             | right answer. Here's how they do it now...
             | 
             | [The New Math approach is silly because it's so focused on
             | trying to teach kids concepts that it leaves them unable to
             | do basic arithmetic.]
             | 
             | After this comes the first verse, which is designed to make
             | the idea of "borrowing" sound so overly complex that few
             | people would be able to understand it.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | The "right" way to make borrowing complex is to teach it
               | as a special case of cocycles in group cohomology:
               | http://timothychow.net/mathstuff/jdolan.pdf
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | Which is doubly stupid given that teaching algorithms for
           | arithmetic is a useless skill and has been for 40 years.
           | 
           | Just focus on the ideas, maths is beautiful, pen and paper
           | accounting is not.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > The "right" way that he presents at the beginning of the
           | song is a way that I've never encountered anyone doing. It's
           | actually fairly interesting:
           | 
           | > "Three from 2 is 9, carry the one"; it seems to be a
           | completely algorithmic way of doing the calculation, where
           | you end up with the right answer at the end, but it's
           | completely detached from what's actually happening.
           | 
           | I can't understand what you're trying to say. The only
           | difference in the patter is whether you carry the one before
           | or after you subtract 3 from 2. "Both" approaches have you do
           | the same thing in the same way. What's the contrast?
        
             | OskarS wrote:
             | Yeah, ultimately it's the same algorithm, it's just a
             | question of what are the details of the procedure, which
             | makes it confusing if you've learned one way and not the
             | other. The whole point of the song is that Lehrer thinks
             | this is a new, less good way of doing subtraction.
             | 
             | Look at this video if you haven't already:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIKGV2cTgqA
             | 
             | The first way he does it seems INCREDIBLY confusing to
             | people who learned arithmetic in the last 30 or so years
             | (the sentence "8 from 4 is 6" is nonsensical to most such
             | people), but the "modern" way he's mocking is perfectly
             | understandable.
             | 
             | I think the song is very funny and charming, but I do think
             | this is a rare case where Lehrer is just wrong, the
             | "borrowing" style is a much better and clearer way to
             | explain subtraction. It is just as fast, and it gives you a
             | much better intuition about what's actually happening,
             | instead of just learning the steps by rote.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > the sentence "8 from 4 is 6" is nonsensical to most
               | such people
               | 
               | Anyone who understands "7 from 3 is 6" must necessarily
               | also understand "8 from 4 is 6". Nobody learns how to
               | subtract from numbers that have digits of 3 without
               | simultaneously learning how to subtract from numbers that
               | have digits of 4.
               | 
               | > I do think this is a rare case where Lehrer is just
               | wrong, the "borrowing" style is a much better and clearer
               | way to explain subtraction. It is just as fast, and it
               | gives you a much better intuition about what's actually
               | happening, instead of just learning the steps by rote.
               | 
               | But I already pointed out that the steps _aren 't
               | different_. They're the same style. Whether you use the
               | term "carry" or "borrow" makes no difference to anyone.
        
               | OskarS wrote:
               | > But I already pointed out that the steps aren't
               | different. They're the same style. Whether you use the
               | term "carry" or "borrow" makes no difference to anyone.
               | 
               | Obviously, it does. Like, that's what the song is about.
               | You're not just disagreeing with the other commenters,
               | you're disagreeing with the concept of the song itself.
               | 
               | It's a different way of doing it, even if the underlying
               | principle is the same. This stuff matters a lot in
               | pedagogy, even if there's no difference in the underlying
               | mathematics. I could say this: "you subtract two decimal
               | numbers a_n a_n-1 ... a_1 and b_n b_n-1 ... b1 by
               | successively calculating c_n = a_n - b_n - K_n-1 if a_n
               | >= b_n, where K_n is the carry from the nth digit, or c_n
               | = a_n - b_n + 10 - K_n-1 if a_n < b_n, and you set K_n to
               | 1" or whatever. That's the same method, but it's a
               | TERRIBLE way to teach a child how to do subtraction.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | It's not that there's no difference in the underlying
               | mathematics. That would be true, by necessity, of any
               | subtraction strategy that worked.
               | 
               | There's no difference in the steps being performed. If
               | you go through each approach, you'll notice that you do
               | the same things in the same order, with the possible
               | exception that carries might appear before or after the
               | actual subtraction with which they are associated. All of
               | your intermediate calculations are the same. Everything
               | you write down is the same in both cases. Someone
               | presented with your worked solution would have no way to
               | determine whether you had "old math" or "new math" in
               | mind as you worked it. Someone who _watched you solve the
               | problem_ would also have no way to determine that,
               | because there is literally no difference in the method.
               | 
               | The "new math" part of the problem isn't that you do the
               | base-10 subtraction differently. It's that you're
               | expected to be able to do the same subtraction in base 8
               | too.
        
               | 123894893 wrote:
               | > The "new math" part of the problem isn't that you do
               | the base-10 subtraction differently. It's that you're
               | expected to be able to do the same subtraction in base 8
               | too.
               | 
               | That's the second verse. The entire first verse is
               | mocking the "New Math" idea of borrowing, showing New
               | Math subtraction in base 10.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Borrowing isn't even a New Math idea. Here's an American
               | Old Math mathematics textbook from 1931: https://archive.
               | org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.509299/page/n2...
               | 
               | Beyond the intriguing assumption that an adult man might
               | purchase this book, a manual of basic arithmetic, for the
               | purpose of self-improvement, it's pretty much
               | indistinguishable from what we have today. This is the
               | treatment of subtraction:
               | 
               | > If any figure [digit] in the subtrahend is a number
               | greater than the one above it in the minuend, it cannot
               | be subtracted directly and the following method is used.
               | A single unit (1) is "borrowed" from the next figure to
               | the left in the minuend and written (or imagined to be
               | written) before the figure which is too small. The figure
               | of the subtrahend is then subtracted from the number so
               | formed and the remainder figure written down in the usual
               | way.
               | 
               | > The minuend figure from which the 1 was borrowed is now
               | considered as a new figure, 1 less than the original, and
               | its corresponding subtrahend figure subtracted in the
               | usual way. If the minuend figure is again too small, the
               | process just described is repeated.
               | 
               | > As an illustration of the procedure just described, let
               | it be required to subtract 26543 from 49825. The
               | operation is written out as follows:
               | 71         Minuend:     49/25   [the 8 is struck through;
               | I don't know how to type this]         Subtrahend:  26543
               | -------         Remainder:   23282
               | 
               | > Here the subtrahend figure 4 is subtracted from 12
               | instead of the original 2, and the subtrahend figure 5 is
               | then subtracted from 7 instead of the original 8.
               | 
               | (pp. 10-11)
               | 
               | What do you believe were the New Math revisions to this?
               | There weren't any; what made it New Math was insisting
               | that people _be familiar_ with the theoretical background
               | that the textbooks had always provided. The algorithm,
               | and the explanation of it, were not changed in any way.
               | 
               | (Older textbooks do use the "8 from 4 is 6" model
               | instead, where carries are done into the subtrahend
               | instead of being taken from the minuend, and they have a
               | different explanation. They still provide that
               | explanation for those students who care to know, which is
               | very few people.)
        
               | 123894893 wrote:
               | > Borrowing isn't even a New Math idea.
               | 
               | Borrowing and base 8 weren't created by New Math.
               | Teaching them to students, at least according to the
               | song, was part of New Math. Lehrer specifically says
               | this. In the intro he gives the way it was taught ("Now,
               | remember how we used to do that...Three from two is nine,
               | carry the one"), then he says "But in the new approach,
               | as you know, the important thing is to understand what
               | you're doing rather than to get the right answer. Here's
               | how they do it now...", then he immediately shows the
               | borrowing approach, which is followed by the chorus
               | "Hooray for New Math!" After showing "how they do it
               | now", he then goes on to show the same problem in base 8
               | for the second verse (followed by a repetition of the
               | chorus, and then the song ends).
               | 
               | I get that you don't think the approaches are different,
               | or that they're tied to New Math. Lehrer and his audience
               | did, which is the entire point of the song.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > Borrowing and base 8 weren't created by New Math.
               | Teaching them to students, at least according to the
               | song, was part of New Math. Lehrer specifically says
               | this.
               | 
               | No, he doesn't.
               | 
               | So first, we can observe with our own eyes that borrowing
               | and carrying are the same thing, with only the label
               | being changed.
               | 
               | But we can also observe that what was taught to students,
               | as reflected in their textbooks, is the same thing that
               | was taught under the label New Math and the same thing
               | that is still taught today. Go ahead and look at the
               | textbook.
               | 
               | The part that is specific to the New Math is the
               | conversion of the problem to base 8. If you want to stick
               | closely to the lyrics of the song, you might notice that
               | they specify that the base-8 subtraction is the _only_
               | problem posed by the New Math textbook; the base-10
               | version is something that Tom Lehrer provides to the
               | audience to aid their understanding of the base-8
               | version.
               | 
               | This isn't just the clear message of the song, it's also
               | what you'll learn if you read retrospective or
               | contemporaneous coverage of New Math. You can see
               | discussion in precisely these terms on the rather
               | perfunctory Wikipedia page.1 But most importantly, you
               | might notice that working in alternative bases is
               | actually new, in that - unlike the working of the base-10
               | problem in the first verse of the song - it doesn't
               | appear in textbooks written a hundred years before the
               | New Math was developed.2
               | 
               | The joke in the first verse is just that it's hard to
               | follow a rapid patter. One specific joke in that verse is
               | the set of lines "And you know why four plus minus one
               | plus ten is fourteen minus one, 'cause addition is
               | commutative. Right." Again, there's nothing new about
               | this material, it's just that the explanation is
               | superfluous to the process and paced in a manner that
               | makes it hard to follow.
               | 
               | 1 Admittedly, the page's view of what was salient in New
               | Math is pretty likely to have been influenced by Tom
               | Lehrer's song, but that's still a radically different and
               | more plausible interpretation of the song than what
               | you're pushing for.
               | 
               | 2 That far back, it's all carrying into the subtrahend,
               | but the approach of "here's an example showing each step
               | of the process in detail, accompanied by a theoretical
               | discussion of why it works" is already present. To get
               | carrying out of the minuend, you need to go to just
               | decades before the development of New Math, as the patter
               | notes.
        
               | 123894893 wrote:
               | The whole point of the song is that Lehrer thinks that
               | teaching it as borrowing is so different that it makes it
               | incomprehensible to people.
               | 
               | > But I already pointed out that the steps aren't
               | different.
               | 
               | They are, with borrowing you make the change to the tens
               | place first, "getting" the extra ten ones, then
               | explicitly add it to the ones place, then do the
               | subtraction.
               | 
               | With the old way (Lehrer's preferred method), you don't
               | even look at the tens place, and you do - something. I'm
               | still not sure what they were actually doing with "3 from
               | 2 is 9, carry the one." You could mentally change the 2
               | to a 12 and subtract three (which would be closer to
               | borrowing, though the steps are out of order), but the
               | fact he doesn't say 12 and says 3 from 2 makes me wonder
               | if this wasn't the case. Because you could also take the
               | tens complement of the number being subtracted and add it
               | to the number you're subtracting from. Or simply memorize
               | a subtraction table, the same way people memorize a
               | multiplication table.
               | 
               | He mentions two ways people are taught to do the next
               | step - the first is that after "carrying the one," you
               | subtract it from the number in the 10's place. This
               | basically creates a situation where subtraction is the
               | same as addition - if you have extra with addition, you
               | carry the one and add it. If you have an extra with
               | subtraction, you carry the one and subtract it. The other
               | way is carrying the one to the number you're taking away
               | and adding it to it. So 4 - 7 in the tens place becomes 4
               | - 8 when you "carry the one."
               | 
               | [I'm using tens and ones place for clarity, it could also
               | be the hundreds and tens place, the thousands and
               | hundreds place, etc.]
               | 
               | So there are certainly differences. These might not seem
               | like big differences to you, but they're big enough that
               | Lehrer, and apparently others, felt that people couldn't
               | understand it when one was used rather than the other.
               | You see the same thing when Common Core approaches come
               | up - it might be fundamentally the same thing, but the
               | changes in the steps that you take can throw people off.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > I'm still not sure what they were actually doing with
               | "3 from 2 is 9, carry the one." You could mentally change
               | the 2 to a 12 and subtract three
               | 
               | > you could also take the tens complement of the number
               | being subtracted and add it to the number you're
               | subtracting from
               | 
               | > Or simply memorize a subtraction table, the same way
               | people memorize a multiplication table
               | 
               | Well, you can't take the ten's complement of the number
               | being subtracted, because it's infinitely large. One
               | obvious difference between subtracting 3 and adding
               | ...99999999999999999999999999999997 is that it's possible
               | to write "3".
               | 
               | You definitely _can_ memorize a subtraction table, and
               | that 's the approach being taken in all cases you've
               | mentioned so far. Including the new math approach;
               | indexing your table entry under "12" and "3" is not a
               | different approach from indexing the same entry under "2"
               | and "3". As with "borrowing" versus "carrying", it is a
               | purely cosmetic difference, where you have the same
               | literal object with a slightly different name.
               | 
               | That's the reason the textbook wants you to do the same
               | problem in a different numerical base; the author is
               | making an attempt to force the student to solve the
               | problem from first principles instead of relying on a
               | memorized algorithm. This doesn't work unless the student
               | cares about the material. But note that the author
               | recognizes, as you seem not to, that regardless of how
               | much theoretical background you provide for why the
               | subtraction algorithm works, the student won't pay any
               | attention to it unless they have to. And the algorithm
               | itself hasn't changed - what's changed is the inclusion
               | of the followup problem "same numbers, base 8".
               | 
               | Tom Lehrer implies that this approach to pedagogy is
               | misguided; under the old system, students learned to
               | produce correct solutions to subtraction problems and
               | didn't know why their approach worked, whereas under the
               | new system, we asked tricky questions that successfully
               | revealed that the students didn't know why the approach
               | they were being taught worked, and therefore couldn't
               | apply it to problems of the kind that never come up. He
               | is correct that this is pointless; we already knew that
               | the students didn't know why the math worked.
               | 
               | > These might not seem like big differences to you, but
               | they're big enough that Lehrer, and apparently others,
               | felt that people couldn't understand it when one was used
               | rather than the other.
               | 
               | As I just said, Lehrer knew that people couldn't
               | understand it either way. The contrast is between
               | "getting the right answer" and "understanding what you're
               | doing"; there is no implication that people who learned
               | the old approach understood what they were doing. But
               | they got better marks than the new math students, because
               | they weren't graded on whether they understood.
               | 
               | I am aware of one other contemporary record of societal
               | struggles with "new math"; it came up a fair amount in
               | Peanuts. The only example given was the problem "write
               | the 'new math' sentence for 'three is less than five'",
               | and the correct answer was "3 < 5".
        
               | 123894893 wrote:
               | > Well, you can't take the ten's complement of the number
               | being subtracted, because it's infinitely large. One
               | obvious difference between subtracting 3 and adding
               | ...99999999999999999999999999999997 is that it's possible
               | to write "3".
               | 
               | The ten's compliment of 3 is 7.
               | 
               | > Including the new math approach; indexing your table
               | entry under "12" and "3" is not a different approach from
               | indexing the same entry under "2" and "3".
               | 
               | 12 - 3 = 9 is quite different from 2 - 3 = 9 carry the
               | one. The latter requires a separate explanation for
               | what's actually happening.
               | 
               | > But they got better marks than the new math students,
               | because they weren't graded on whether they understood.
               | 
               | People seem to do subtraction just fine with borrowing,
               | and I've never heard anyone claim that the old method is
               | superior outside of Lehrers song.
               | 
               | > As I just said, Lehrer knew that people couldn't
               | understand it either way.
               | 
               | This is clearly false, though. Most people today
               | understand borrowing just fine, while (at least according
               | to Lehrer's song) people who studied the old approach had
               | so little understanding of what was happening that they
               | couldn't even grasp the concept of borrowing. If you look
               | at what's actually being said, all of the stuff in the
               | first verse that Lehrer is presenting as mindlessly
               | complex for adults is completely intuitive to anyone with
               | a decent grasp of modern elementary school math:
               | 
               | "You can't take three from two Two is less than three So
               | you look at the four in the tens place Now that's really
               | four tens So you make it three tens Regroup, and you
               | change a ten to ten ones And you add 'em to the two and
               | get twelve And you take away three, that's nine Is that
               | clear?"
               | 
               | The sarcastic "is that clear?" is there to show how
               | confusing this is. But it's actually quite clear for
               | people with a modern education. The problem is 342 - 173.
               | You don't do 2 - 3 ("You can't take three from two, Two
               | is less than three"), so you borrow a ten from the 40,
               | changing it to a 30 and the 2 to a 12 ("So you look at
               | the four in the tens place, Now that's really four tens,
               | So you make it three tens, Regroup, and you change a ten
               | to ten ones, And you add 'em to the two and get twelve").
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > The ten's compliment of 3 is 7.
               | 
               | Not a good look for someone extolling the benefits of
               | understanding the theory behind an algorithm. This is
               | only true if you're working modulo 10.
               | 
               | I'm suddenly very curious what you think the ten's
               | complement of 12 is.
        
               | garaetjjte wrote:
               | Maybe they used "borrow" in the "new" method to avoid
               | having both 2-3=9 and 2-3=-1, compared to explicit
               | radix+2-3. But if you actually wanted to memorize
               | subtraction table then "old" way is maybe easier, because
               | your table is nice square grid instead of wider triangle
               | (and if you actually need negative result you can do
               | second lookup for 10-x).
               | 
               | Also try doing something like 2000-1111 in "new" method
               | and you go on huge side quest to propagate the borrows
               | and go back to the beginning. Compared to "old" method
               | where you progress one digit at a time without
               | backtracking.
        
               | kloop wrote:
               | > I think the song is very funny and charming, but I do
               | think this is a rare case where Lehrer is just wrong, the
               | "borrowing" style is a much better and clearer way to
               | explain subtraction.
               | 
               | How much of that is that you're familiar with this method
               | (the same way Tom was familiar with the old method)?
        
               | OskarS wrote:
               | It's a good question, I'm not sure. I do think it's
               | clearer what's going on, and the steps are more obvious.
               | Like, there's a joke in the song about what to do with
               | the carry, if you add it to subtrahend digit or remove it
               | from the minuend digit ("if you're over 35 and went to
               | public school...") which to me indicates that it's rather
               | arbitrary and "learn algorithm by rote". Like, the
               | "borrowing" thing just much better describes what is
               | actually happening, rather than having to memorize a
               | subtraction table and then have arbitrary rules about how
               | to proceed with the carry.
               | 
               | But who knows, I wasn't taught the other system, maybe
               | it's equally obvious. I do think it's indicative that the
               | "borrowing" system is nowadays much more common (that's
               | how I learned it in Sweden in the 90s), which probably
               | indicates that it does have some pedagogic value. I don't
               | think for a second either way is "more efficient" than
               | the other: once you get the hang of the borrowing system,
               | you do it very fast.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | The other system, as described in 19th-century textbooks,
               | says this:
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | [What if the digit in the subtrahend is bigger than the
               | one in the minuend?]
               | 
               | Imagine adding 10 to both numbers. Obviously, the
               | difference between them will not be changed.
               | 
               | But adding 10 to the digit in the subtrahend is the same
               | as adding 1 to the digit immediately to its left.
               | 
               | So, add 10 to the [current] digit in the minuend, add 1
               | to the [next] digit in the subtrahend, and then perform
               | the subtraction.
        
           | t-3 wrote:
           | The only thing I found strange about it was that he started
           | from the least significant digits rather than the most. It's
           | basically the way I've always done subtraction, just
           | backwards.
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | If you do it the other way around you may have to backtrack
             | if subtracting a less significant digit from another worked
             | out to <0. You will also have to be careful about
             | alignment, since in one number you start from the first
             | digit, but in the other you may start from the middle. It's
             | slightly more complicated than just starting from the least
             | significant digit.
        
           | chmod775 wrote:
           | As someone who learned the "right" way in German public
           | school about 20 years ago, the statement "teaching people
           | what was actually happening with subtraction" is completely
           | indecipherable to me. Maybe I never learned what subtraction
           | is. To me it's like advocating for not using a ruler because
           | that would somehow forego teaching people what measuring
           | actually means.
           | 
           | Both "measure" and "subtract" can mean doing any number of
           | things in mathematics, depending on what you're dealing with.
           | Intuition for things in the physical world specifically
           | shouldn't be a goal of teaching mathematics at school. It's a
           | prerequisite. If a child already can't grasp the concept of
           | taking away from something, throwing mathematics and numbers
           | at them is not going to help one bit.
        
       | TheFreim wrote:
       | "So Long, Mom (A Song for World War III)" by Tom Lehrer is one of
       | my favorites.
        
       | elihu wrote:
       | I didn't know he had released sheet music and lyrics into the
       | public domain. That's amazing.
       | 
       | https://tomlehrersongs.com/
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Fun fact: the tempo for "Smut" is "Pornissimo" in the sheet
         | music.
        
           | elihu wrote:
           | I would expect nothing less.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | I would be content with less, namely _pornior_.
        
       | cyco130 wrote:
       | "I Got It from Agnes" is the funniest song ever written and I
       | will refuse to socialize with anyone who thinks otherwise after
       | hearing it. What a brilliant mind.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | The article is nice and interesting but doesn't answer the
       | question of why did Tom Lehrer stop.
       | 
       | It's possible he thought he didn't have anything more to say. But
       | I doubt that's the whole reason he stopped making songs and
       | performing.
       | 
       | He lived through a time when the US defeated Nazi Germany, and
       | then... hired prominent Nazis to work for them. This is what the
       | Wernher von Braun song is about.
       | 
       | My take is, he thinks humanity as a whole doesn't deserve him --
       | which may very well be the case.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | See the book "Operation Paperclip" for an in-depth writeup on
         | the Nazi scientists who were smuggled out of Germany at the end
         | of the war. I was not aware of, and was completely sickened by,
         | the description of the Mittelwork factory where they worked
         | slave laborers from nearby concentration camp to death to build
         | V-2s.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | I vaguely remember seeing that part of the reason he quit was
         | that he felt satire had no purpose and no possibility of
         | success in a country which elected Richard Nixon. Which may
         | have been sort of brilliantly prescient of him, considering how
         | popular stuff like The Daily Show / The Colbert Report was in
         | the 2000s and yet how toothless and impotent they seem in the
         | face of current political developments.
        
           | bambax wrote:
           | The article does address this:
           | 
           | > _we do know that he believed satire changed nothing. He
           | quoted approvingly Peter Cook's sarcastic remark about the
           | Berlin cabarets of the 1930s that did so much to prevent the
           | rise of Hitler and the second world war._
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | > _He could just about stay detached enough to be funny about
           | Eisenhower's America._
           | 
           | compare "Our Long National Nightmare":
           | https://legacy.npr.org/assets/news/2013/onion-bush.pdf
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | What do you mean by "the US defeated Nazi Germany"?
         | 
         | As I understand it the US was preoccupied with Japan until the
         | USSR had Berlin within reach. US racial policy being an
         | inspiration for european fascists, like Hitler, kind of makes
         | the affiliation with nazis both in the US and West Germany (and
         | NATO) easier to understand than the USSR keeping some nazis in
         | important positions on their side.
        
           | davidgay wrote:
           | This is just ridiculous, esp. re Berlin. I'd suggest starting
           | with reading about D-day at the very least.
        
             | cess11 wrote:
             | June 1944, something like 1.5 years after the turning point
             | in Stalingrad on the eastern front.
             | 
             | So, what about it? Why don't you bring up the invasion of
             | Sicily instead?
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | TL;DR: He didn't answer the question.
       | 
       | Still a fun read though.
        
       | ribs wrote:
       | Holy crap, Tom Lehrer is still alive!?
        
         | lproven wrote:
         | Yes he is, and he is with it enough to know about the internet
         | and publishing rights and so on.
         | 
         | So, a few years ago, he put all his lyrics in the public
         | domain, and then more recently, all his original melodies too.
         | 
         | Top man.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | Artie Shaw was another guy who walked away from fame, and he was
       | a lot bigger than Tom Lehrer:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artie_Shaw
       | 
       | Gerry Rafferty (probably more _commercially_ successful than
       | Lehrer, at least) also didn 't like the business or performing
       | aspects of music.
       | 
       | Bill Murray said (paraphrasing), "I always say to someone who
       | wants to be rich and famous, 'try being rich first, and see if
       | that doesn't get you 90% of what you want.' Being famous is a
       | 24-hour-a-day job."
        
         | vmfunction wrote:
         | >Being famous is a 24-hour-a-day job.
         | 
         | That's why, people whom are smart and/or lazy won't touch it.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Bill Withers hated working with the record labels so much he
         | walked away from Columbia and quit touring, though he had about
         | a dozen years from when he won his first Grammy to walking
         | away. He attributed his ability to walk away to being older
         | than most (early 30s) when his first hit was released.
        
       | etc-hosts wrote:
       | evil Dark Enlightenment mathematician Eric Weinstein posted a
       | photo on Twitter of himself and Tom Lehrer, with a blurb about
       | how arranging the photo with his son was a great highlight of his
       | life. I can't find it anymore, he must have taken it down.
       | 
       | edit: found a copy:
       | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DeTFuNkUQAAHIwa?format=jpg
       | 
       | He posts a lot about Tom Lehrer!
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/search?q=from%3A%40ericrweinstein%20lehr...
       | 
       | Here's Tyler Cohen claiming Tom Lehrer would have been a part of
       | the "Intellectual Dark Web"
       | https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2018/12/to...
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | eric weinstein is not from the dark enlightenment (the
         | neoreactionaries who want to re-establish monarchy) but the
         | intellectual dark web ('a term used to describe some
         | commentators who oppose identity politics, political
         | correctness, and cancel culture'). i know the culture war can
         | be confusing, and it's hard to keep all the subversive factions
         | straight
        
       | emmelaich wrote:
       | What a fantastic quote..
       | 
       | > _You had to admire these folk singers," he says on the live LP.
       | "It takes courage to get up in a coffee house or a student
       | auditorium and come out in favour of the things everyone else is
       | against, like peace and justice and brotherhood, and so on."_
       | 
       | It's pretty much my reaction to every protest or social concern
       | story in the media.
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | Part of the joke is that lots of people are against peace and
         | justice and brotherhood in practice - often the majority.
        
           | hardlianotion wrote:
           | I like that it is ambiguous. Something for everybody.
        
         | p3rls wrote:
         | Yeah when I gaze out into the sea of salty and stultified faces
         | at these protests "what brave souls" is what runs through my
         | head too, if only the state wasn't so finnicky about creating
         | martyrs, their courage would surely triumph in the court of
         | public opinion. Alas.
        
           | dgfitz wrote:
           | I wonder how you would feel if you didn't agree with their
           | movement. Would you still call them brave?
        
       | retrochameleon wrote:
       | This video essay about Bo Burnam was very interesting, and gave
       | me a lot more context to his recent movie Inside. I enjoyed the
       | movie a lot, but it had a lot more depth in the messaging than I
       | even initially thought. I wasn't aware of a lot of his work
       | prior, but he has been pretty consistent with his messaging
       | throughout most of his career underlying the veil of humor.
       | 
       | He once said very clearly and seriously, "if you can live your
       | life without an audience, do it."
       | 
       | I'm sure Tom experienced lots of the unfavorable aspects of the
       | attention (and perhaps scrutiny) he garnered.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/I89Lz7CdLuM
        
       | aamargulies wrote:
       | I took Nature of Math from Lehrer in the 90s. He said on the
       | first day of class that the class was for non-STEM majors and if
       | any of us were science majors he'd find us and kick us out.
       | 
       | I was a science major and I said to myself "Adam, I don't care
       | what Tom Lehrer says, there's no way you you're not taking a math
       | class from Tom Lehrer."
       | 
       | He was bluffing. I stayed and loved every minute of it.
        
         | jmspring wrote:
         | I had his class in the 90s as well. Enjoyed it. UCSC was
         | smaller then and some interesting classes I'm not sure would be
         | possible today. Another I enjoyed was Frank Andrews (chemistry)
         | course titled something like the chemistry of love.
        
       | cyberax wrote:
       | "Don't be nervous, don't be flustered, don't be scared... be
       | prepared!"
       | 
       | There's a recording of "Tomfoolery" performance on iTunes!
        
       | quonn wrote:
       | Fun fact: Lehrer is the German word for teacher.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Have you met the public? Fame is an acquired taste and more
       | likely the lesser of evils.
        
       | imetatroll wrote:
       | All of those songs are worth a listen. True gold!
        
       | noneeeed wrote:
       | I can't imagine many things worse than being famous. I guess if
       | you are the kind of super-rich where you can completely avoid
       | interacting with the rest of society that it would be fine, but
       | not being able to just walk down the street or go to the pub
       | without someone stopping you must get tedious.
       | 
       | The kind of quiet fame that Lehrer managed, known to a smallish
       | segment of the population, for being really good at something,
       | and then going off and living a normal life sounds pretty great
       | to me.
       | 
       | As much as I love the maths based songs, my favourites are still
       | Oedipus Rex and The Vatican Rag.
       | 
       | Tom Lehrer and Flanders & Swann were the musical background to my
       | childhood. If you enjoy Lehrer you might enjoy F&L too.
       | 
       | While they don't have the science/maths background that makes
       | Lehrer an obvious win for the HN crowd, F&Ls songs were razor
       | sharp satires of the time. One or two have not aged so well, but
       | most are great, although knowing a bit of British history helps.
       | Like Lehrer they wrote songs about the insanity of war, nuclear
       | weapons, and prejudice (A Song of Patriotic Prejudice is an
       | awkward listen because of the terms used, but a great
       | representation of English exceptionalism in the post colonial
       | era).
        
         | BizarroLand wrote:
         | My favorite will always be poisoning pigeons in the park,
         | introduced to me courtesy of Dr. Demento.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhuMLpdnOjY
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | The sun is a misama of incandescent plasma, by They Might be
           | Giants for me.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLkGSV9WDMA
           | 
           | A 2009 follow-up to their original song from 1993, the sun
           | song, in which they erroneously claimed the sun is a mass of
           | incandescent gas, to weigh the follow-up song is a
           | correction.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | My current song pedantry fave is _Nanobot_ , perfected by a
             | video with 18 numbered [refs]:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObvxPSQNMGc
             | 
             | (presumably Brian May would have had his phases of astral
             | matter correct in the first set of lyrics?)
        
           | riedel wrote:
           | I only knew the Austrian 'version' by Georg Kreisler [0] and
           | only now learned about Lehrer now. Thanks.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kreisler
        
         | sophacles wrote:
         | Mr Lehrer's treatment of Oedipus is one of my recent favorites.
         | For the last few centuries it's usally approached in either and
         | overly-serious or ham-fistedly humorous way - very tiresome.
        
         | ska wrote:
         | > While they don't have the science/maths background that makes
         | Lehrer an obvious win for the HN crowd,
         | 
         | True, but they did one on thermodynamics
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnbiVw_1FNs
        
         | rufus_foreman wrote:
         | >> I can't imagine many things worse than being famous
         | 
         | "I always want to say to people who want to be rich and famous:
         | 'try being rich first'. See if that doesn't cover most of it.
         | There's not much downside to being rich, other than paying
         | taxes and having your relatives ask you for money. But when you
         | become famous, you end up with a 24-hour job."
         | 
         | -- Bill Murray
        
       | didip wrote:
       | If you are very rich, fame seems to be a big liability. You can't
       | even spend your wealth properly without nosey people following
       | you around and make a big deal out of everything.
        
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