[HN Gopher] Crows "count" the number of self-generated vocalizat...
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       Crows "count" the number of self-generated vocalizations
        
       Author : gnabgib
       Score  : 52 points
       Date   : 2024-05-23 18:28 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | nine_k wrote:
       | I wonder why the quotes around "count" are required.
       | 
       | > _The crows flexibly produced between one and four vocalizations
       | for corresponding cues associated with numerical values.
       | Furthermore, they used different calls for different numbers._
       | 
       | Is this because the crows might just remember four separate
       | stimuli, and did not demonstrate an understanding of integers in
       | the Peano arithmetics style? I still think that producing a
       | specific number of vocalizations, well, counts as counting.
        
         | NavinF wrote:
         | "between one and four vocalizations for corresponding cues
         | associated with numerical values"
         | 
         | Counting to 4 seems awfully limited
        
           | fathyb wrote:
           | Now imagine how limited computers are with their ability to
           | count to only 1.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | Most computers can count to 2^32-1, and many can count even
             | higher! They can also string words together grammatically,
             | which means they are one step away from an artificial
             | general superintelligence explosion.
             | 
             | But when non-human animals use AAC systems, or vocalise
             | words directly, to express wants or needs, _they_ aren 't
             | really talking, because they don't use tree-like grammars.
        
         | yencabulator wrote:
         | I got paywalled but as a layperson I'd define actual counting
         | as e.g. croaking the same number of times as how many treats
         | are in front of you.
         | 
         | So I'd want to see 3 treats -> 3 croaks, not square -> 3 croaks
         | and circle -> 4 croaks, to remove the quotes.
         | 
         | At the same time, teaching an animal to repeat a behavior an
         | exact number of times is actually very tricky. For example, a
         | dog will likely over-eagerly repeat the action until rewarded.
        
         | hifromwork wrote:
         | I think so (not the expert on biology, of course). Depending on
         | the study and setup, crows can count even a bit more, maybe to
         | 6-8. The thing is, humans also can only "intuitively" count
         | only to 7-11 (depending on the person). Counting higher
         | requires some abstract thinking, not just intuition.
        
       | kapitanjakc wrote:
       | Crows are intelligent, There are some videos out there showing
       | crows playing simple games and stuff...
       | 
       | I wonder if crows being intelligent has it linked with them being
       | ominous in many litrature
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | Crows are ominous in literature and folklore because they are
         | carrion eaters. So, if you see crows, especially in large
         | numbers, that will mean it's likely there some large amount of
         | dead animals or even people around: a very ominous sign almost
         | be definition.
        
           | HenryBemis wrote:
           | I've seen pigeons eating corpses carcasses of other birds.
           | Those winged rats (I don't like pigeons) will eat anything.
           | 
           | As for crows, I live in a country where sometime it snows,
           | and I make sure that when it is very cold (snow, ice, or
           | generally below 5 C)I feed the (3) crows of my building.
           | Every time I am outside, walking, they are always looking
           | after me. Flying near me, standing and looking at me, nodding
           | at me. And I always speak to them when they come close, with
           | calm voice (phrases like "I'm friend, you are good, thank
           | you", etc.).
           | 
           | I want to find a way to 'monetize' on this relationship and
           | teach them how to bring me shiny things (I keep thinking but
           | never actually googling on how other people have done this).
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | I've thought about teaching them this, but ultimately I
             | decided against. While they may find unclaimed loose change
             | for you, they could just as easily figure out a scheme to
             | distract and rob some poor beggar or busker, and you
             | wouldn't ever know.
             | 
             | There's probably some kind of crow-to-crow "these are
             | friends, these are enemies" abstract communication, but I
             | don't think you'd have much luck communicating the concept
             | "to me, humans are friends, so don't rob them on my behalf"
             | across the species barrier.
        
               | spudlyo wrote:
               | The prize is the crow's reciprocal gratitude, not the
               | actual object. I just find it cool that they like me.
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | Buy a vending machine that dispenses crow snacks when money
             | is put in.
             | 
             | Place the vending machine outside
             | 
             | Teach them that putting money in the vending machine
             | dispenses crow snacks.
             | 
             | Practice placing dollar bills and other bits of paper
             | around your property til they get the hang of it and figure
             | out what works for the vending machine.
             | 
             | ... profit?
        
           | ziddoap wrote:
           | Lots of animals are carrion eaters, but aren't given the same
           | ominous treatment. Some examples would be beetles, eels,
           | alligators, etc.
        
             | mlindner wrote:
             | You cant see those from a long distance away. Also factor
             | in where advanced cultures evolved that were our ancestors.
        
             | Loughla wrote:
             | Most of those animals aren't large, loud, dark black, and
             | can fly around your head and face.
             | 
             | So probably that as well?
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | Indeed!
               | 
               | The point I was emphasizing was that it is not just:
               | 
               | > _because they are carrion eaters._
               | 
               | as the parent I replied to asserted.
        
           | yencabulator wrote:
           | If you read the Game of Thrones books, there's recurring
           | mentions of "a feast for crows" after major battles. It
           | really sets the tone, whenever crows gather there's
           | devastation.
        
         | harry_ord wrote:
         | I don't have it to hand but they're able to trade and are wise
         | enough to avoid people who cheat them. Either them or family
         | member kinda trains/works with wolves as well.
         | 
         | It probably is why crows and ravens get that treatment. Not
         | sure if they're not that fussy about food though,
         | media/literature always makes them seem like vulture like
         | scavenge
        
         | will1am wrote:
         | I'v seen a video where a crow use a series of tools in a
         | specific order to obtain a reward
        
         | OnACoffeeBreak wrote:
         | Ze Frank (True Facts YouTube Channel) recently released a video
         | about crows crafting tools to solve problems. It's quite
         | amazing and, of course, very funny:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-HF-wBwQsc
        
           | fredoliveira wrote:
           | Welp, here I go again, off to watch random episodes of The
           | Show. I miss those times.
        
       | sengifluff wrote:
       | Five is right out.
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | Of course crows are base-4. A crow doesn't have hands. So if they
       | stand on one foot they have four digits on their other foot for
       | counting. If we had only four _digits_ at the ends of each arm we
       | would be base-8 rather than 10.
        
       | bogtog wrote:
       | It's interesting (and cool) how Science has one of their editors
       | write a summary for papers
        
       | TaylorAlexander wrote:
       | I used to have long conversations with the crows in the back yard
       | at my old house. If you feed them they will trust you a little
       | more than normal, such that when you caw at them they will caw
       | back. They are happy to repeat the number of caws. So if you caw
       | 5 times, they'll caw back 5 times. Also sometimes I let them go
       | first and I copy them. We did this for sometimes ten minutes
       | straight.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I did this once with a noisy jay.
         | 
         | the jay would screech, and I would copy it. I did this for
         | enough time for the jay to realize this, and then it went from
         | screech to a pleasant coo type sound.
        
         | localfirst wrote:
         | I went a little further. One group of crows I would always
         | treat with respect and leave tributes. On the opposite side of
         | the street were crows I did not share such amicable
         | relationship with. One day I decided to mess with the mean
         | crows and run back home. What followed was an epic battle.
         | Crows from my neighborhood would form large formations on trees
         | as if staging for massive incursion. The other team also showed
         | up. The battle lasted for a few days. Now I respect all living
         | things.
        
       | GrantMoyer wrote:
       | I find it funny that observations of the cognitive capabilities
       | of animals like in the featured article always induce people to
       | come up with convoluted alternative ways to word the
       | "anthropomorphic" descriptions of the behavior. "Oh that crow
       | isn't counting, it's just basic pattern recognition associating
       | specific quantities with specific sounds", "oh that octopus isn't
       | playing, it's just throwing the bottle around as a stress
       | response to boredom", etc. I get wanting to be careful not to
       | misinterpret the behavior of specices which have evolved
       | different social structures (if any) and under different
       | selective pressures, but sometimes the simplest explanation
       | really is that the animal is doing a "human behavior".
        
         | blowski wrote:
         | What if humans are "playing" because they're bored?
        
           | sprobertson wrote:
           | I think that's Grant's point - there's a (potentially) false
           | dichotomy in those descriptions.
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | I don't know if he was he was making that point, but rather
             | he was expressing the desire to avoid anthropmorphosizing
             | by describing the same thing in different words.
             | 
             | (Kind of like what I did now, hehe)
        
         | ornornor wrote:
         | Being straightforward about it would force us to question a lot
         | of assumptions we have about animals and how we (mis)treat
         | them. We can't have that!
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | Because straight forward language isn't scientific language and
         | lacks precision.
        
           | diputsmonro wrote:
           | Sure, but the idea that animal cognition is radically
           | different or lesser than ours is itself an assumptive default
           | that science is comfortable making. We should question that
           | as the default assumption.
           | 
           | As a pet owner, I find it absolutely ridiculous and insulting
           | that animals intelligence is assumed to be so low. My
           | firsthand experience is that there is a lot more intelligence
           | there than people generally give them credit for, even if
           | science hasn't delineated every single aspect of it yet. As
           | scientists keep confirming these "discoveries", I think the
           | default assumption (and language) should shift to assuming
           | more similarity than differences unless proven otherwise.
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | >"but sometimes the simplest explanation really is that the
         | animal is doing a "human behavior"."
         | 
         | If it looks like duck and quacks like a duck ...
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | I think you're right, but historically there have been
         | problems. Frans de Waal has written about how in his field
         | there was a lot of early egregious anthropomorphizing. As
         | people realized how flawed that was, they swung around the
         | other way, to refusing to consider analogous human behavior.
         | But things like de Waal's work demonstrating moral sense in
         | animals is hard to explain in any other way. [1]
         | 
         | Even so, it can be tricky. In Bernd Heinrich's excellent "Mind
         | of the Raven" [2], he points to a story where a woman, lost in
         | the wilderness, noticed a raven crying near her and spotted
         | something like a mountain lion creeping up on her. In the news
         | story she gave the raven credit for warning her and saving her
         | life. But Heinrich points out that ravens have a demonstrated
         | history of leading predators to prey, because that way they get
         | the leftovers with much lower risk. So although the woman was
         | correct that the raven understood her danger and was
         | demonstrating advanced social cooperation, her anthropomorphic
         | bias led her to perhaps be dangerously wrong about who the
         | raven was trying to help.
         | 
         | So although I think shorthand like, "The octopus is playing" is
         | fine for casual use, I think serious people have to always be
         | challenging those tempting assumptions.
         | 
         | [1] e.g., this book https://www.amazon.com/Good-Natured-
         | Origins-Humans-Animals/d... or this TED talk:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meiU6TxysCg
         | 
         | [2] A stellar book, and I recommend it strongly to anybody
         | fascinated by corvids or interested in decoding animal behavior
         | more generally: https://www.harpercollins.com/products/mind-of-
         | the-raven-ber...
        
           | hifromwork wrote:
           | >story where a woman, lost in the wilderness, noticed a raven
           | crying near her and spotted a mountain lion creeping up on
           | her. She gave the raven credit for warning her and saving her
           | life. But Heinrich points out that ravens have a demonstrated
           | history of leading predators to prey.
           | 
           | That's a hilarious (and scary) story. I made the same
           | cognitive mistake when reading, i.e. assumed that either
           | raven was helping her, or was crying for unrelated reason
           | (because I suspected a twist). It completely didn't occur to
           | me that the animals could have cooperated _among themselves_.
        
           | spudlyo wrote:
           | > So although the woman was correct that the raven understood
           | her danger and was demonstrating advanced social cooperation,
           | her anthropomorphic bias led her to perhaps be dangerously
           | wrong about who the raven was trying to help.
           | 
           | This is such an excellent insight, thanks for sharing!
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | >>sometimes the simplest explanation really is that the animal
         | is doing a "human behavior".
         | 
         | Or, perhaps more accurately, humans are one of many intelligent
         | animals and we do behaviours typical of many intelligent
         | animals, and are now noticing that they also do these
         | behaviours (but notice it from a self-centered point of view).
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Eh, with the crows example you could think of it this way for a
         | counter example. Listen to the drum intro to wipeout. Now play
         | a measure of it with your hands banging on your desk. You
         | recreated the sound but how many times did you hit the desk? I
         | find it very plausible that they aren't actually counting. This
         | isn't a counter example trying to prove they're not, but they
         | can certainly repeat or "know" things without doing arithmetic.
        
       | Joel_Mckay wrote:
       | Corvidae are very intelligent, and can readily recognize
       | individual people.
       | 
       | Over the winter we tossed out a few peanuts while wearing the
       | same baseball cap, and whistling a specific song. After awhile,
       | the crows changed their dialogues when we walked in the area, and
       | indeed they certainly can communicate with each-other about their
       | environment.
       | 
       | We found this rather surprising, and gained a deeper appreciation
       | for their antics. As a consequence, the birds often indicate when
       | someone/something new is in the area.
       | 
       | Fascinating little creatures, =)
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Crows (and other birds, like parrots) are pretty smart.
       | 
       | There's a school of thought/fantasy that the dinosaurs actually
       | had an advanced theropod civilization.
       | 
       | Cool idea. Not sure I buy it, but they might have been quite
       | intelligent.
       | 
       | I used to like seeing the Japanese crows, in Tokyo. I've heard
       | they can be real pests.
       | 
       | They are _big_. Like, raven-sized.
        
         | bena wrote:
         | Ravens are crows, crows are ravens. They exist in the same
         | taxonomic area as frog/toad, bush/tree, etc.
         | 
         | The difference between crows and ravens are who found it first
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | They may be ravens, for all intents and purposes.
           | 
           | They have heavy beaks, and about a 4-foot wingspan.
           | 
           | They also have a different "accent" from American crows.
           | 
           | Wikipedia says they are crows:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-billed_crow
        
           | spudlyo wrote:
           | Ignoring size, you can often distinguish between _Corvus
           | corax_ (common raven) and _Covus brachyrhynchos_ (American
           | crow) by the tail feathers; ravens tails in flight have a
           | wider angled cone shape, crows tails have a narrower fan
           | shape.
           | 
           | Crows and ravens, taxonomicaly speaking, are of the same
           | genus, whereas frogs and toads are in different families--not
           | exactly the same area perhaps.
           | 
           | > Ravens are crows, crows are ravens.
           | 
           | I would argue they are distinct.
        
       | triyambakam wrote:
       | There are some Common Myna [1] that live on my land, related to
       | crows in level of intelligence. I have observed them seemingly
       | playing games with betelnut. They pick them, bring them to the
       | top of the roof, release, watch it roll down into the gutter and
       | drain spout, then retrieve it and do it again.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_myna
        
       | musha68k wrote:
       | Only tangentially related yet quick obligatory shoutout to
       | Cornell Lab's stellar Merlin app if you are interested in deep
       | diving into birds / their communication in general.
       | 
       | https://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/
        
       | aszantu wrote:
       | there was this crow in front of the house every morning, training
       | its cawing, I tried to imprint some HarrHo to get it to say
       | hallo, but it just looked like it became self-conscious and flew
       | away, cawing in the distance
        
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